xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision e8e8c939350bdf3c228a411caa9660c607c27a11)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34 #define _SQLITE3_H_
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
58 # define SQLITE_STDCALL
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
63 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
64 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
65 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
66 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
67 **
68 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
69 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
70 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
71 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
72 ** noop macros.
73 */
74 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
75 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
76 
77 /*
78 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
79 */
80 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
81 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
82 #endif
83 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
84 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
85 #endif
86 
87 /*
88 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
89 **
90 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
91 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
92 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
93 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
94 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
95 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
96 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
97 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
98 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
99 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
100 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
101 **
102 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
103 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
104 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
105 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
106 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
107 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
108 ** hash of the entire source tree.
109 **
110 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
111 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
112 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
113 */
114 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.8.9"
115 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3008009
116 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2015-04-08 12:16:33 8a8ffc862e96f57aa698f93de10dee28e69f6e09"
117 
118 /*
119 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
120 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
121 **
122 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
123 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
124 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
125 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
126 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
127 ** the header, and thus insure that the application is
128 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
129 **
130 ** <blockquote><pre>
131 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
132 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
133 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
134 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
135 **
136 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
137 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
138 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
139 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
140 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
141 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
142 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
143 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
144 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
145 **
146 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
147 */
148 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
149 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion(void);
150 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sourceid(void);
151 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
152 
153 /*
154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
155 **
156 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
157 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
158 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
159 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
160 **
161 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
162 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
163 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
164 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
165 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
166 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
167 **
168 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
169 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
170 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
171 **
172 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
173 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
174 */
175 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
176 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
177 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
178 #endif
179 
180 /*
181 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
182 **
183 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
184 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
185 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
186 **
187 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
188 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
189 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
190 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
191 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
192 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
193 **
194 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
195 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
196 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
197 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
198 **
199 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
200 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
201 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
202 **
203 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
204 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
205 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
206 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
207 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
208 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
209 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
210 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
211 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
212 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
213 **
214 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
215 */
216 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
217 
218 /*
219 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
220 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
221 **
222 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
223 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
224 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
225 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
226 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
227 ** interfaces (such as
228 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
229 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
230 ** sqlite3 object.
231 */
232 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
233 
234 /*
235 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
236 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
237 **
238 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
239 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
240 **
241 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
242 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
243 ** compatibility only.
244 **
245 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
246 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
247 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
248 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
249 */
250 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
251   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
252   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
253 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
254   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
255   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
256 #else
257   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
258   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
259 #endif
260 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
261 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
262 
263 /*
264 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
265 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
266 */
267 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
268 # define double sqlite3_int64
269 #endif
270 
271 /*
272 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
273 **
274 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
275 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
276 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
277 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
278 ** resources are deallocated.
279 **
280 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
281 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
282 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
283 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
284 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
285 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
286 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
287 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
288 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
289 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
290 **
291 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
292 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
293 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
294 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
295 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
296 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
297 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
298 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
299 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
300 **
301 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
302 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
303 **
304 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
305 ** must be either a NULL
306 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
307 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
308 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
309 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
310 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
311 */
312 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
313 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
314 
315 /*
316 ** The type for a callback function.
317 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
318 ** compatibility and is not documented.
319 */
320 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
321 
322 /*
323 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
324 **
325 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
326 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
327 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
328 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
329 **
330 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
331 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
332 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
333 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
334 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
335 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
336 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
337 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
338 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
339 ** ignored.
340 **
341 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
342 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
343 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
344 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
345 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
346 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
347 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
348 ** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
349 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
350 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
351 ** NULL before returning.
352 **
353 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
354 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
355 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
356 **
357 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
358 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
359 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
360 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
361 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
362 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
363 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
364 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
365 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
366 **
367 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
368 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
369 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
370 ** is not changed.
371 **
372 ** Restrictions:
373 **
374 ** <ul>
375 ** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
376 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
377 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
378 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
379 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
380 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
381 ** </ul>
382 */
383 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_exec(
384   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
385   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
386   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
387   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
388   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
389 );
390 
391 /*
392 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
393 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
394 **
395 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
396 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
397 **
398 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
399 **
400 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
401 */
402 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
403 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
404 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
405 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
406 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
407 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
408 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
409 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
410 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
411 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
412 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
413 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
414 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
415 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
416 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
417 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
418 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
419 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
420 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
421 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
422 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
423 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
424 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
425 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
426 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
427 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
428 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
429 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
430 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
431 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
432 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
433 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
434 /* end-of-error-codes */
435 
436 /*
437 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
438 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
439 **
440 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
441 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
442 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
443 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
444 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
445 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
446 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
447 ** on a per database connection basis using the
448 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
449 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
450 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
451 */
452 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
453 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
454 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
455 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
456 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
457 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
458 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
459 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
460 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
461 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
462 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
505 
506 /*
507 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
508 **
509 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
510 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
511 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
512 */
513 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
514 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
515 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
516 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
517 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
518 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
519 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
521 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
522 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
523 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
524 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
525 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
526 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
529 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
530 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
532 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
533 
534 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
535 
536 /*
537 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
538 **
539 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
540 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
541 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
542 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
543 ** refers to.
544 **
545 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
546 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
547 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
548 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
549 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
550 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
551 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
552 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
553 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
554 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
555 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
556 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
557 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
558 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
559 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
560 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
561 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
562 ** elevated privileges.
563 */
564 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
565 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
566 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
567 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
568 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
569 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
570 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
571 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
572 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
573 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
574 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
575 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
576 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
577 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
578 
579 /*
580 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
581 **
582 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
583 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
584 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
585 */
586 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
587 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
588 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
589 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
590 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
591 
592 /*
593 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
594 **
595 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
596 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
597 ** these integer values as the second argument.
598 **
599 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
600 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
601 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
602 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
603 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
604 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
605 **
606 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
607 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
608 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
609 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
610 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
611 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
612 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
613 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
614 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
615 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
616 ** cares about the difference.)
617 */
618 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
619 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
620 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
621 
622 /*
623 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
624 **
625 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
626 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
627 ** implementations will
628 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
629 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
630 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
631 ** I/O operations on the open file.
632 */
633 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
634 struct sqlite3_file {
635   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
636 };
637 
638 /*
639 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
640 **
641 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
642 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
643 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
644 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
645 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
646 **
647 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
648 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
649 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
650 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
651 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
652 ** to NULL.
653 **
654 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
655 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
656 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
657 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
658 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
659 **
660 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
661 ** <ul>
662 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
663 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
664 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
665 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
666 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
667 ** </ul>
668 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
669 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
670 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
671 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
672 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
673 **
674 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
675 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
676 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
677 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
678 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
679 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
680 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
681 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
682 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
683 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
684 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
685 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
686 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
687 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
688 ** recognize.
689 **
690 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
691 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
692 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
693 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
694 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
695 ** underlying device:
696 **
697 ** <ul>
698 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
699 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
700 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
701 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
704 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
705 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
706 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
707 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
708 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
709 ** </ul>
710 **
711 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
712 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
713 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
714 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
715 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
716 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
717 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
718 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
719 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
720 ** to xWrite().
721 **
722 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
723 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
724 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
725 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
726 ** database corruption.
727 */
728 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
729 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
730   int iVersion;
731   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
732   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
733   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
734   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
735   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
736   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
737   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
738   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
739   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
740   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
741   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
742   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
743   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
744   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
745   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
746   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
747   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
748   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
749   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
750   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
751   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
752   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
753 };
754 
755 /*
756 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
757 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
758 **
759 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
760 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
761 ** interface.
762 **
763 ** <ul>
764 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
765 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
766 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
767 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
768 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
769 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
770 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
771 ** compile-time option is used.
772 **
773 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
774 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
775 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
776 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
777 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
778 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
779 ** file run faster.
780 **
781 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
782 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
783 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
784 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
785 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
786 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
787 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
788 ** improve performance on some systems.
789 **
790 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
791 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
792 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
793 ** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
794 ** additional information.
795 **
796 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
797 ** No longer in use.
798 **
799 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
800 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
801 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
802 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
803 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
804 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
805 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
806 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
807 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
808 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
809 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
810 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
811 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
812 **
813 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
814 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
815 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
816 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
817 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
818 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
819 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
820 **
821 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
822 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
823 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
824 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
825 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
826 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
827 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
828 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
829 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
830 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
831 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
832 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
833 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
834 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
835 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
836 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
837 **
838 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
839 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
840 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
841 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
842 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
843 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
844 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
845 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
846 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
847 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
848 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
849 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
850 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
851 ** WAL persistence setting.
852 **
853 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
854 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
855 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
856 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
857 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
858 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
859 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
860 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
861 ** zero-damage mode setting.
862 **
863 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
864 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
865 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
866 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
867 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
868 **
869 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
870 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
871 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
872 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
873 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
874 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
875 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
876 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
877 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
878 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
879 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
880 **
881 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
882 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
883 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
884 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
885 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
886 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
887 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
888 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
889 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
890 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
891 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
892 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
893 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
894 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
895 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
896 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
897 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
898 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
899 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
900 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
901 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
902 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
903 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
904 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
905 **
906 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
907 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
908 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
909 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
910 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
911 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
912 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
913 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
914 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
915 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
916 ** current operation.
917 **
918 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
919 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
920 ** to have SQLite generate a
921 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
922 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
923 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
924 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
925 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
926 **
927 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
928 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
929 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
930 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
931 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
932 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
933 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
934 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
935 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
936 **
937 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
938 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
939 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
940 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
941 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
942 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
943 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
944 **
945 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
946 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
947 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
948 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
949 ** was first opened.
950 **
951 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
952 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
953 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
954 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
955 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
956 **
957 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
958 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
959 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
960 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
961 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
962 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
963 **
964 ** </ul>
965 */
966 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
967 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
968 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
969 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
970 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
971 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
972 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
973 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
974 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
975 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
976 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
977 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
978 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
979 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
980 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
981 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
982 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
983 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
984 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
985 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
986 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
987 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
988 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
989 
990 /* deprecated names */
991 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
992 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
993 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
994 
995 
996 /*
997 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
998 **
999 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1000 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1001 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1002 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1003 **
1004 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1005 */
1006 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1007 
1008 /*
1009 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1010 **
1011 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1012 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1013 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1014 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1015 **
1016 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1017 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1018 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1019 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1020 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1021 ** modified.
1022 **
1023 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1024 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1025 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1026 **
1027 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1028 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1029 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1030 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1031 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1032 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1033 **
1034 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1035 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1036 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1037 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1038 ** object once the object has been registered.
1039 **
1040 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1041 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1042 **
1043 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1044 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1045 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1046 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1047 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1048 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1049 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1050 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1051 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1052 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1053 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1054 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1055 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1056 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1057 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1058 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1059 **
1060 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1061 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1062 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1063 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1064 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1065 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1066 **
1067 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1068 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1069 **
1070 ** <ul>
1071 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1072 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1073 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1074 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1075 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1076 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1077 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1078 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1079 ** </ul>)^
1080 **
1081 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1082 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1083 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1084 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1085 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1086 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1087 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1088 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1089 **
1090 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1091 **
1092 ** <ul>
1093 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1094 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1095 ** </ul>
1096 **
1097 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1098 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1099 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1100 ** databases, and subjournals.
1101 **
1102 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1103 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1104 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1105 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1106 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1107 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1108 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1109 ** for exclusive access.
1110 **
1111 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1112 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1113 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1114 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1115 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1116 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1117 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1118 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1119 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1120 **
1121 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1122 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1123 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1124 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1125 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1126 ** directory.
1127 **
1128 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1129 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1130 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1131 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1132 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1133 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1134 **
1135 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1136 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1137 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1138 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1139 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1140 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1141 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1142 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1143 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1144 ** a floating point value.
1145 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1146 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1147 ** a 24-hour day).
1148 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1149 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1150 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1151 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1152 **
1153 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1154 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1155 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1156 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1157 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1158 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1159 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1160 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1161 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1162 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1163 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1164 */
1165 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1166 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1167 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1168   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1169   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1170   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1171   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1172   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1173   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1174   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1175                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1176   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1177   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1178   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1179   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1180   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1181   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1182   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1183   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1184   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1185   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1186   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1187   /*
1188   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1189   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1190   */
1191   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1192   /*
1193   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1194   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1195   */
1196   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1197   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1198   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1199   /*
1200   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1201   ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1202   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1203   */
1204 };
1205 
1206 /*
1207 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1208 **
1209 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1210 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1211 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1212 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1213 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1214 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1215 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1216 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1217 ** the directory).
1218 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1219 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1220 ** release of SQLite.
1221 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1222 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1223 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1224 ** SQLite.
1225 */
1226 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1227 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1228 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1229 
1230 /*
1231 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1232 **
1233 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1234 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1235 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1236 ** xShmLock method:
1237 **
1238 ** <ul>
1239 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1240 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1241 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1242 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1243 ** </ul>
1244 **
1245 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1246 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1247 **
1248 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1249 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1250 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1251 */
1252 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1253 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1254 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1255 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1256 
1257 /*
1258 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1259 **
1260 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1261 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1262 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1263 ** lock outside of this range
1264 */
1265 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1266 
1267 
1268 /*
1269 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1270 **
1271 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1272 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1273 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1274 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1275 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1276 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1277 **
1278 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1279 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1280 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1281 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1282 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1283 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1284 **
1285 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1286 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1287 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1288 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1289 **
1290 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1291 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1292 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1293 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1294 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1295 **
1296 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1297 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1298 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1299 **
1300 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1301 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1302 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1303 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1304 **
1305 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1306 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1307 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1308 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1309 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1310 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1311 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1312 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1313 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1314 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1315 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1316 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1317 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1318 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1319 **
1320 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1321 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1322 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1323 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1324 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1325 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1326 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1327 **
1328 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1329 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1330 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1331 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1332 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1333 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1334 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1335 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1336 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1337 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1338 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1339 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1340 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1341 ** failure.
1342 */
1343 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_initialize(void);
1344 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1345 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_init(void);
1346 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_end(void);
1347 
1348 /*
1349 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1350 **
1351 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1352 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1353 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1354 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1355 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1356 **
1357 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1358 ** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1359 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1360 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1361 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1362 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1363 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1364 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1365 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1366 **
1367 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1368 ** [configuration option] that determines
1369 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1370 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1371 ** in the first argument.
1372 **
1373 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1374 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1375 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1376 */
1377 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1378 
1379 /*
1380 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1381 **
1382 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1383 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1384 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1385 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1386 **
1387 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1388 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1389 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1390 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1391 **
1392 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1393 ** the call is considered successful.
1394 */
1395 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1396 
1397 /*
1398 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1399 **
1400 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1401 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1402 **
1403 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1404 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1405 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1406 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1407 ** By creating an instance of this object
1408 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1409 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1410 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1411 ** dynamic memory needs.
1412 **
1413 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1414 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1415 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1416 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1417 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1418 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1419 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1420 ** conditions.
1421 **
1422 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1423 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1424 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1425 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1426 **
1427 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1428 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1429 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1430 **
1431 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1432 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1433 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1434 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1435 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1436 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1437 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1438 **
1439 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1440 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1441 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1442 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1443 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1444 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1445 **
1446 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1447 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1448 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1449 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1450 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1451 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1452 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1453 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1454 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1455 ** serialization.
1456 **
1457 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1458 ** call to xShutdown().
1459 */
1460 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1461 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1462   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1463   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1464   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1465   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1466   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1467   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1468   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1469   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1470 };
1471 
1472 /*
1473 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1474 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1475 **
1476 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1477 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1478 **
1479 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1480 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1481 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1482 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1483 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1484 ** is invoked.
1485 **
1486 ** <dl>
1487 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1488 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1489 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1490 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1491 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1492 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1493 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1494 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1495 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1496 ** configuration option.</dd>
1497 **
1498 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1499 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1500 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1501 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1502 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1503 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1504 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1505 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1506 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1507 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1508 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1509 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1510 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1511 **
1512 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1513 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1514 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1515 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1516 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1517 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1518 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1519 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1520 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1521 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1522 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1523 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1524 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1525 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1526 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1527 **
1528 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1529 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1530 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1531 ** The argument specifies
1532 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1533 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1534 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1535 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1536 **
1537 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1538 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1539 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1540 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1541 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1542 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1543 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1544 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1545 **
1546 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1547 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1548 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1549 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1550 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1551 **   <ul>
1552 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1553 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1554 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1555 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1556 **   </ul>)^
1557 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1558 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1559 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1560 ** </dd>
1561 **
1562 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1563 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1564 ** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1565 ** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1566 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1567 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1568 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1569 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1570 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1571 ** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1572 ** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1573 ** times the database page size.
1574 ** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1575 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1576 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1577 ** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1578 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1579 ** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1580 ** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1581 ** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1582 ** </dd>
1583 **
1584 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1585 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a static memory buffer
1586 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1587 ** cache implementation.
1588 ** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1589 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]
1590 ** configuration option.
1591 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1592 ** 8-byte aligned
1593 ** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1594 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1595 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1596 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1597 ** can be determined using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ] option
1598 ** to [sqlite3_config()].
1599 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1600 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The first
1601 ** argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned block of memory that
1602 ** is at least sz*N bytes of memory, otherwise subsequent behavior is
1603 ** undefined.
1604 ** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1605 ** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1606 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1607 ** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
1608 **
1609 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1610 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1611 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1612 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1613 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1614 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1615 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1616 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1617 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1618 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1619 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1620 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1621 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1622 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1623 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1624 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1625 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1626 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1627 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1628 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1629 **
1630 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1631 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1632 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1633 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1634 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1635 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1636 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1637 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1638 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1639 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1640 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1641 **
1642 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1643 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1644 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1645 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1646 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1647 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1648 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1649 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1650 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1651 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1652 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1653 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1654 **
1655 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1656 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1657 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1658 ** The first argument is the
1659 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1660 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1661 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1662 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1663 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1664 **
1665 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1666 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1667 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1668 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1669 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1670 **
1671 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1672 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1673 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1674 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1675 **
1676 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1677 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1678 ** global [error log].
1679 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1680 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1681 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1682 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1683 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1684 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1685 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1686 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1687 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1688 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1689 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1690 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1691 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1692 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1693 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1694 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1695 **
1696 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1697 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1698 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1699 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1700 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1701 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1702 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1703 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1704 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1705 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1706 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1707 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1708 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1709 **
1710 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1711 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1712 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1713 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1714 ** ^The default setting is determined
1715 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1716 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1717 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1718 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1719 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1720 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1721 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1722 **
1723 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1724 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1725 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1726 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1727 ** </dd>
1728 **
1729 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1730 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1731 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1732 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1733 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1734 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1735 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1736 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1737 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1738 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1739 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1740 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1741 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1742 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1743 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1744 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1745 **
1746 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1747 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1748 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1749 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1750 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1751 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1752 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1753 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1754 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1755 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1756 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1757 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1758 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1759 **
1760 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1761 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1762 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1763 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1764 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1765 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1766 **
1767 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1768 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1769 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1770 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1771 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1772 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1773 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1774 **
1775 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1776 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1777 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1778 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1779 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1780 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1781 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1782 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1783 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1784 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1785 ** </dl>
1786 */
1787 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1788 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1789 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1790 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1791 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1792 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1793 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1794 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1795 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1796 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1797 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1798 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1799 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1800 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1801 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1802 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1803 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1804 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1805 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1806 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1807 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1808 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1809 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1810 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1811 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1812 
1813 /*
1814 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1815 **
1816 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1817 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1818 **
1819 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1820 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1821 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1822 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1823 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1824 ** is invoked.
1825 **
1826 ** <dl>
1827 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1828 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1829 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1830 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1831 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1832 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1833 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1834 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1835 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1836 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1837 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1838 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1839 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1840 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1841 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1842 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1843 ** when the "current value" returned by
1844 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1845 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1846 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1847 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1848 **
1849 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1850 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1851 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1852 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1853 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1854 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1855 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1856 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1857 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1858 **
1859 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1860 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1861 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1862 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1863 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1864 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1865 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1866 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1867 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1868 **
1869 ** </dl>
1870 */
1871 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1872 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1873 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1874 
1875 
1876 /*
1877 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1878 **
1879 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1880 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1881 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1882 */
1883 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1884 
1885 /*
1886 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1887 **
1888 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1889 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
1890 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1891 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1892 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1893 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1894 ** is another alias for the rowid.
1895 **
1896 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1897 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1898 ** on database connection D.
1899 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1900 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1901 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1902 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1903 **
1904 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1905 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1906 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1907 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1908 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1909 ** table method began.)^
1910 **
1911 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1912 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1913 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1914 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1915 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1916 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1917 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1918 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1919 ** the return value of this interface.)^
1920 **
1921 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1922 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1923 **
1924 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1925 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1926 **
1927 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1928 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1929 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1930 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1931 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1932 ** last insert [rowid].
1933 */
1934 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1935 
1936 /*
1937 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1938 **
1939 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
1940 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
1941 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
1942 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
1943 ** returned by this function.
1944 **
1945 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
1946 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
1947 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
1948 **
1949 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
1950 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
1951 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
1952 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
1953 ** tables are counted.
1954 **
1955 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
1956 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
1957 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
1958 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
1959 **
1960 ** <ul>
1961 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
1962 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
1963 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
1964 **
1965 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
1966 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
1967 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
1968 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
1969 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
1970 ** </ul>
1971 **
1972 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
1973 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
1974 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
1975 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
1976 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
1977 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
1978 **
1979 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1980 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1981 **
1982 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1983 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1984 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1985 */
1986 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1987 
1988 /*
1989 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1990 **
1991 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
1992 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
1993 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
1994 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
1995 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
1996 **
1997 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
1998 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
1999 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2000 ** are not counted.
2001 **
2002 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2003 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2004 **
2005 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2006 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2007 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2008 */
2009 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2010 
2011 /*
2012 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2013 **
2014 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2015 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2016 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2017 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2018 ** immediately.
2019 **
2020 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2021 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2022 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2023 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2024 **
2025 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2026 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2027 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2028 **
2029 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2030 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2031 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2032 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2033 **
2034 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2035 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2036 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2037 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2038 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2039 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2040 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2041 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2042 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2043 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2044 **
2045 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2046 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2047 */
2048 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2049 
2050 /*
2051 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2052 **
2053 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2054 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2055 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2056 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2057 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2058 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2059 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2060 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2061 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2062 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2063 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2064 **
2065 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2066 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2067 **
2068 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2069 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2070 **
2071 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2072 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2073 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2074 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2075 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2076 **
2077 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2078 ** UTF-8 string.
2079 **
2080 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2081 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2082 */
2083 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2084 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2085 
2086 /*
2087 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2088 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2089 **
2090 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2091 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2092 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2093 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2094 ** or process has the table locked.
2095 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2096 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2097 **
2098 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2099 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2100 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2101 **
2102 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2103 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2104 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2105 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2106 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2107 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2108 ** to the application.
2109 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2110 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2111 **
2112 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2113 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2114 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2115 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2116 ** busy handler.
2117 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2118 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2119 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2120 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2121 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2122 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2123 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2124 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2125 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2126 ** the second process to proceed.
2127 **
2128 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2129 **
2130 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2131 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2132 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2133 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2134 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2135 **
2136 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2137 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2138 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2139 ** result in undefined behavior.
2140 **
2141 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2142 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2143 */
2144 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2145 
2146 /*
2147 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2148 **
2149 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2150 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2151 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2152 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2153 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2154 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2155 **
2156 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2157 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2158 **
2159 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2160 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2161 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2162 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2163 **
2164 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2165 */
2166 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2167 
2168 /*
2169 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2170 **
2171 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2172 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2173 **
2174 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2175 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2176 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2177 **
2178 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2179 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2180 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2181 ** and M be the number of columns.
2182 **
2183 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2184 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2185 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2186 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2187 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2188 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2189 **
2190 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2191 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2192 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2193 **
2194 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2195 ** is as follows:
2196 **
2197 ** <blockquote><pre>
2198 **        Name        | Age
2199 **        -----------------------
2200 **        Alice       | 43
2201 **        Bob         | 28
2202 **        Cindy       | 21
2203 ** </pre></blockquote>
2204 **
2205 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2206 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2207 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2208 **
2209 ** <blockquote><pre>
2210 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2211 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2212 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2213 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2214 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2215 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2216 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2217 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2218 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2219 **
2220 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2221 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2222 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2223 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2224 **
2225 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2226 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2227 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2228 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2229 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2230 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2231 **
2232 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2233 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2234 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2235 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2236 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2237 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2238 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2239 */
2240 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_table(
2241   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2242   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2243   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2244   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2245   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2246   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2247 );
2248 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2249 
2250 /*
2251 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2252 **
2253 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2254 ** from the standard C library.
2255 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2256 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2257 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2258 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2259 **
2260 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2261 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2262 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2263 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2264 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2265 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2266 **
2267 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2268 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2269 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2270 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2271 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2272 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2273 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2274 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2275 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2276 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2277 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2278 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2279 **
2280 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2281 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2282 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2283 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2284 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2285 **
2286 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2287 **
2288 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2289 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2290 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2291 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2292 **
2293 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2294 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2295 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2296 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2297 ** the string.
2298 **
2299 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2300 **
2301 ** <blockquote><pre>
2302 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2303 ** </pre></blockquote>
2304 **
2305 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2306 **
2307 ** <blockquote><pre>
2308 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2309 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2310 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2311 ** </pre></blockquote>
2312 **
2313 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2314 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2315 **
2316 ** <blockquote><pre>
2317 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2318 ** </pre></blockquote>
2319 **
2320 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2321 ** would have looked like this:
2322 **
2323 ** <blockquote><pre>
2324 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2325 ** </pre></blockquote>
2326 **
2327 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2328 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2329 **
2330 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2331 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2332 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2333 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2334 **
2335 ** <blockquote><pre>
2336 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2337 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2338 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2339 ** </pre></blockquote>
2340 **
2341 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2342 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2343 **
2344 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2345 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2346 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2347 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2348 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2349 **
2350 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2351 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2352 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2353 */
2354 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2355 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2356 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2357 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2358 
2359 /*
2360 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2361 **
2362 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2363 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2364 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2365 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2366 **
2367 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2368 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2369 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2370 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2371 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2372 ** a NULL pointer.
2373 **
2374 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2375 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2376 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2377 **
2378 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2379 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2380 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2381 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2382 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2383 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2384 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2385 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2386 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2387 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2388 **
2389 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2390 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2391 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2392 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2393 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2394 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2395 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2396 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2397 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2398 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2399 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2400 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2401 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2402 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2403 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2404 **
2405 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2406 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2407 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2408 **
2409 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2410 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2411 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2412 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2413 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2414 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2415 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2416 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2417 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2418 **
2419 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2420 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2421 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2422 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2423 ** option is used.
2424 **
2425 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2426 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2427 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2428 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2429 **
2430 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2431 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2432 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2433 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2434 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2435 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2436 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2437 **
2438 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2439 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2440 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2441 ** not yet been released.
2442 **
2443 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2444 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2445 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2446 */
2447 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc(int);
2448 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2449 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2450 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2451 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free(void*);
2452 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_msize(void*);
2453 
2454 /*
2455 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2456 **
2457 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2458 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2459 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2460 **
2461 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2462 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2463 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2464 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2465 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2466 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2467 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2468 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2469 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2470 **
2471 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2472 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2473 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2474 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2475 ** prior to the reset.
2476 */
2477 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2478 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2479 
2480 /*
2481 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2482 **
2483 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2484 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2485 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2486 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2487 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2488 **
2489 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2490 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2491 **
2492 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2493 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2494 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2495 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2496 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2497 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2498 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2499 ** method.
2500 */
2501 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2502 
2503 /*
2504 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2505 **
2506 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2507 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2508 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2509 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2510 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2511 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2512 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2513 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2514 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2515 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2516 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2517 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2518 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2519 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2520 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2521 **
2522 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2523 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2524 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2525 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2526 ** access is denied.
2527 **
2528 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2529 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2530 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2531 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2532 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2533 ** details about the action to be authorized.
2534 **
2535 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2536 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2537 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2538 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2539 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2540 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2541 ** columns of a table.
2542 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2543 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2544 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2545 **
2546 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2547 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2548 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2549 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2550 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2551 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2552 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2553 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2554 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2555 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2556 **
2557 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2558 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2559 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2560 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2561 **
2562 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2563 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2564 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2565 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2566 **
2567 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2568 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2569 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2570 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2571 **
2572 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2573 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2574 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2575 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2576 **
2577 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2578 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2579 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2580 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2581 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2582 */
2583 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2584   sqlite3*,
2585   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2586   void *pUserData
2587 );
2588 
2589 /*
2590 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2591 **
2592 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2593 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2594 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2595 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2596 ** information.
2597 **
2598 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2599 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2600 */
2601 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2602 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2603 
2604 /*
2605 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2606 **
2607 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2608 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2609 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2610 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2611 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2612 **
2613 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2614 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2615 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2616 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2617 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2618 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2619 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2620 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2621 ** top-level SQL code.
2622 */
2623 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2624 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2625 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2626 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2627 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2628 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2629 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2630 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2631 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2632 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2633 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2634 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2635 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2636 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2637 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2638 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2639 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2640 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2641 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2642 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2643 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2644 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2645 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2646 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2647 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2648 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2649 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2650 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2651 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2652 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2653 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2654 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2655 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2656 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2657 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2658 
2659 /*
2660 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2661 **
2662 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2663 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2664 **
2665 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2666 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2667 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2668 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2669 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2670 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2671 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2672 **
2673 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2674 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2675 **
2676 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2677 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2678 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2679 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2680 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2681 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2682 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2683 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2684 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2685 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2686 */
2687 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2688 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2689    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2690 
2691 /*
2692 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2693 **
2694 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2695 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2696 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2697 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
2698 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2699 **
2700 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2701 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2702 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2703 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2704 ** handler is disabled.
2705 **
2706 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2707 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2708 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2709 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2710 ** than 1.
2711 **
2712 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2713 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2714 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2715 **
2716 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2717 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2718 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2719 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2720 **
2721 */
2722 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2723 
2724 /*
2725 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2726 **
2727 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2728 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2729 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2730 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2731 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2732 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2733 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2734 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2735 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2736 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2737 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2738 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2739 **
2740 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2741 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2742 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2743 **
2744 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2745 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2746 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2747 **
2748 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2749 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2750 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2751 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2752 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2753 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2754 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2755 **
2756 ** <dl>
2757 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2758 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2759 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2760 **
2761 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2762 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2763 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2764 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2765 **
2766 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2767 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2768 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2769 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2770 ** </dl>
2771 **
2772 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2773 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2774 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2775 ** then the behavior is undefined.
2776 **
2777 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2778 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2779 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2780 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2781 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2782 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2783 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2784 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2785 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2786 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2787 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2788 **
2789 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2790 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2791 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2792 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2793 **
2794 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2795 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2796 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2797 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2798 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2799 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2800 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2801 **
2802 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2803 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2804 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2805 **
2806 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2807 **
2808 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2809 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2810 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2811 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2812 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2813 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2814 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2815 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2816 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2817 ** information.
2818 **
2819 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2820 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2821 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2822 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2823 ** present, is ignored.
2824 **
2825 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2826 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2827 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2828 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2829 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2830 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2831 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2832 **
2833 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
2834 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2835 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2836 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2837 ** following query parameters:
2838 **
2839 ** <ul>
2840 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2841 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2842 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2843 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2844 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2845 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2846 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2847 **
2848 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2849 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2850 **     an error)^.
2851 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2852 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2853 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2854 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2855 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2856 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2857 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2858 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2859 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2860 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2861 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2862 **
2863 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2864 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2865 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2866 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2867 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2868 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2869 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2870 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2871 **
2872 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2873 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2874 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
2875 **
2876 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2877 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2878 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2879 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2880 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2881 **     processes uses nolock=1.
2882 **
2883 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2884 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2885 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2886 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2887 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2888 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2889 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2890 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2891 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2892 **
2893 ** </ul>
2894 **
2895 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2896 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2897 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2898 ** additional information.
2899 **
2900 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2901 **
2902 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2903 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2904 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2905 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2906 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2907 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2908 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2909 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2910 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2911 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2912 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2913 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2914 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2915 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2916 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2917 **          in URI filenames.
2918 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2919 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2920 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2921 **          default, use a private cache.
2922 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2923 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2924 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2925 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2926 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2927 ** </table>
2928 **
2929 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2930 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2931 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2932 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2933 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2934 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2935 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2936 ** the results are undefined.
2937 **
2938 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2939 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2940 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2941 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2942 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2943 **
2944 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2945 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2946 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2947 **
2948 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2949 */
2950 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open(
2951   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2952   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2953 );
2954 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open16(
2955   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2956   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2957 );
2958 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open_v2(
2959   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2960   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2961   int flags,              /* Flags */
2962   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2963 );
2964 
2965 /*
2966 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2967 **
2968 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2969 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2970 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2971 **
2972 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2973 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2974 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2975 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2976 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2977 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2978 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2979 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2980 ** a pointer to an empty string.
2981 **
2982 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2983 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2984 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2985 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2986 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2987 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2988 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2989 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2990 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2991 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2992 **
2993 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2994 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2995 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2996 ** zero is returned.
2997 **
2998 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2999 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3000 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3001 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3002 ** undesirable.
3003 */
3004 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3005 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3006 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3007 
3008 
3009 /*
3010 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3011 **
3012 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3013 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3014 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3015 ** API call.
3016 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3017 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3018 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3019 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3020 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3021 ** disabled.
3022 **
3023 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3024 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3025 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3026 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3027 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3028 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3029 **
3030 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3031 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3032 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3033 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3034 **
3035 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3036 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3037 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3038 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3039 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3040 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3041 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3042 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3043 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3044 **
3045 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3046 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3047 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3048 */
3049 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3050 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3051 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3052 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3053 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errstr(int);
3054 
3055 /*
3056 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
3057 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3058 **
3059 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
3060 ** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
3061 ** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
3062 **
3063 ** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
3064 **
3065 ** <ol>
3066 ** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
3067 **      function.
3068 ** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3069 **      interfaces.
3070 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3071 ** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3072 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3073 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3074 ** </ol>
3075 **
3076 ** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
3077 ** information.
3078 */
3079 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3080 
3081 /*
3082 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3083 **
3084 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3085 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3086 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3087 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3088 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3089 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3090 **
3091 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3092 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3093 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3094 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3095 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3096 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3097 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3098 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3099 **
3100 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3101 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3102 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3103 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3104 **
3105 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3106 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3107 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3108 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3109 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3110 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3111 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3112 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3113 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3114 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3115 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3116 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3117 **
3118 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3119 */
3120 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3121 
3122 /*
3123 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3124 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3125 **
3126 ** These constants define various performance limits
3127 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3128 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3129 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3130 **
3131 ** <dl>
3132 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3133 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3134 **
3135 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3136 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3137 **
3138 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3139 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3140 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3141 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3142 **
3143 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3144 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3145 **
3146 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3147 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3148 **
3149 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3150 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3151 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3152 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3153 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
3154 **
3155 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3156 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3157 **
3158 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3159 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3160 **
3161 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3162 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3163 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3164 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3165 **
3166 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3167 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3168 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3169 **
3170 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3171 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3172 **
3173 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3174 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3175 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3176 ** </dl>
3177 */
3178 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3179 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3180 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3181 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3182 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3183 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3184 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3185 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3186 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3187 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3188 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3189 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3190 
3191 /*
3192 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3193 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3194 **
3195 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3196 ** program using one of these routines.
3197 **
3198 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3199 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3200 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3201 **
3202 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3203 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3204 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3205 ** use UTF-16.
3206 **
3207 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3208 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3209 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3210 ** statement is generated.
3211 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3212 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3213 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3214 ** the nul-terminator.
3215 **
3216 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3217 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3218 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3219 ** what remains uncompiled.
3220 **
3221 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3222 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3223 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3224 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3225 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3226 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3227 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3228 **
3229 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3230 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3231 **
3232 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3233 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3234 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3235 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3236 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3237 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3238 ** behave differently in three ways:
3239 **
3240 ** <ol>
3241 ** <li>
3242 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3243 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3244 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3245 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3246 ** </li>
3247 **
3248 ** <li>
3249 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3250 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3251 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3252 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3253 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3254 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3255 ** </li>
3256 **
3257 ** <li>
3258 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3259 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3260 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3261 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3262 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3263 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3264 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3265 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3266 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3267 ** </li>
3268 ** </ol>
3269 */
3270 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare(
3271   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3272   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3273   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3274   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3275   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3276 );
3277 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3278   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3279   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3280   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3281   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3282   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3283 );
3284 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16(
3285   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3286   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3287   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3288   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3289   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3290 );
3291 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3292   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3293   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3294   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3295   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3296   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3297 );
3298 
3299 /*
3300 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3301 **
3302 ** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3303 ** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3304 ** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3305 */
3306 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3307 
3308 /*
3309 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3310 **
3311 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3312 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3313 ** the content of the database file.
3314 **
3315 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3316 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3317 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3318 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3319 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3320 **
3321 ** <blockquote><pre>
3322 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3323 ** </pre></blockquote>
3324 **
3325 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3326 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3327 **
3328 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3329 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3330 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3331 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3332 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3333 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3334 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3335 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3336 */
3337 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3338 
3339 /*
3340 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3341 **
3342 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3343 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3344 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3345 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3346 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3347 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3348 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3349 **
3350 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3351 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3352 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3353 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3354 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3355 */
3356 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3357 
3358 /*
3359 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3360 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3361 **
3362 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3363 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3364 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3365 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3366 **
3367 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3368 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3369 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3370 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3371 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3372 **
3373 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3374 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3375 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3376 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3377 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3378 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3379 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3380 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3381 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3382 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3383 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3384 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3385 **
3386 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3387 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3388 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3389 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3390 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3391 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3392 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3393 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3394 */
3395 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3396 
3397 /*
3398 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3399 **
3400 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3401 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3402 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3403 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3404 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3405 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3406 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3407 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3408 */
3409 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3410 
3411 /*
3412 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3413 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3414 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3415 **
3416 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3417 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3418 ** templates:
3419 **
3420 ** <ul>
3421 ** <li>  ?
3422 ** <li>  ?NNN
3423 ** <li>  :VVV
3424 ** <li>  @VVV
3425 ** <li>  $VVV
3426 ** </ul>
3427 **
3428 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3429 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3430 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3431 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3432 **
3433 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3434 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3435 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3436 **
3437 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3438 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3439 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3440 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3441 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3442 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3443 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3444 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3445 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3446 **
3447 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3448 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3449 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3450 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3451 **
3452 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3453 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3454 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3455 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3456 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3457 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3458 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3459 ** the behavior is undefined.
3460 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3461 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3462 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3463 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3464 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3465 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3466 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3467 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3468 **
3469 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3470 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3471 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3472 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3473 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3474 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3475 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3476 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3477 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3478 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3479 **
3480 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3481 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3482 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3483 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3484 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3485 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3486 ** is undefined.
3487 **
3488 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3489 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3490 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3491 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3492 ** content is later written using
3493 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3494 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3495 **
3496 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3497 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3498 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3499 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3500 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3501 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3502 **
3503 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3504 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3505 **
3506 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3507 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3508 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3509 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3510 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3511 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3512 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3513 **
3514 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3515 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3516 */
3517 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3518 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3519                         void(*)(void*));
3520 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3521 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3522 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3523 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3524 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3525 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3526 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3527                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3528 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3529 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3530 
3531 /*
3532 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3533 **
3534 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3535 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3536 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3537 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3538 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3539 **
3540 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3541 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3542 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3543 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3544 **
3545 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3546 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3547 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3548 */
3549 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3550 
3551 /*
3552 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3553 **
3554 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3555 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3556 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3557 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3558 ** respectively.
3559 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3560 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3561 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3562 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3563 **
3564 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3565 **
3566 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3567 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3568 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3569 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3570 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3571 **
3572 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3573 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3574 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3575 */
3576 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3577 
3578 /*
3579 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3580 **
3581 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3582 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3583 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3584 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3585 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3586 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3587 **
3588 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3589 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3590 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3591 */
3592 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3593 
3594 /*
3595 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3596 **
3597 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3598 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3599 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3600 */
3601 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3602 
3603 /*
3604 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3605 **
3606 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3607 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3608 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3609 **
3610 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3611 */
3612 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3613 
3614 /*
3615 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3616 **
3617 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3618 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3619 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3620 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3621 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3622 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3623 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3624 **
3625 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3626 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3627 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3628 ** or until the next call to
3629 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3630 **
3631 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3632 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3633 ** NULL pointer is returned.
3634 **
3635 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3636 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3637 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3638 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
3639 */
3640 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3641 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3642 
3643 /*
3644 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3645 **
3646 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3647 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3648 ** [SELECT] statement.
3649 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3650 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3651 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3652 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3653 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3654 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3655 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3656 ** or until the same information is requested
3657 ** again in a different encoding.
3658 **
3659 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3660 ** database, table, and column.
3661 **
3662 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3663 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3664 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3665 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3666 **
3667 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3668 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3669 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3670 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3671 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3672 **
3673 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3674 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3675 **
3676 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3677 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3678 **
3679 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3680 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3681 ** undefined.
3682 **
3683 ** If two or more threads call one or more
3684 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3685 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3686 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3687 */
3688 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3689 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3690 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3691 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3692 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3693 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3694 
3695 /*
3696 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3697 **
3698 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3699 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3700 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3701 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3702 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3703 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3704 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3705 **
3706 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3707 **
3708 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3709 **
3710 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
3711 **
3712 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3713 **
3714 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3715 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3716 **
3717 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3718 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3719 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3720 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3721 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3722 ** used to hold those values.
3723 */
3724 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3725 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3726 
3727 /*
3728 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3729 **
3730 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3731 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3732 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3733 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3734 **
3735 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3736 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3737 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3738 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3739 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3740 ** interface will continue to be supported.
3741 **
3742 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3743 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3744 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3745 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3746 **
3747 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3748 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3749 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3750 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3751 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3752 ** continuing.
3753 **
3754 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3755 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3756 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3757 ** machine back to its initial state.
3758 **
3759 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3760 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3761 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3762 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3763 **
3764 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3765 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3766 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3767 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3768 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3769 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3770 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3771 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3772 **
3773 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3774 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3775 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3776 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3777 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3778 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
3779 **
3780 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3781 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3782 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3783 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3784 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3785 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3786 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3787 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3788 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3789 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3790 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3791 **
3792 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3793 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3794 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3795 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3796 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3797 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3798 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3799 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3800 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3801 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3802 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3803 */
3804 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3805 
3806 /*
3807 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3808 **
3809 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3810 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3811 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3812 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3813 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3814 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3815 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3816 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3817 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3818 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3819 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3820 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3821 **
3822 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3823 */
3824 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3825 
3826 /*
3827 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3828 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3829 **
3830 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3831 **
3832 ** <ul>
3833 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3834 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3835 ** <li> string
3836 ** <li> BLOB
3837 ** <li> NULL
3838 ** </ul>)^
3839 **
3840 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3841 **
3842 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3843 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3844 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3845 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
3846 */
3847 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3848 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3849 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3850 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
3851 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3852 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
3853 #else
3854 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3855 #endif
3856 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3857 
3858 /*
3859 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3860 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3861 **
3862 ** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3863 **
3864 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3865 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3866 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3867 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3868 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3869 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3870 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3871 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3872 **
3873 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3874 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3875 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3876 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3877 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3878 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3879 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3880 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3881 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3882 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3883 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3884 **
3885 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3886 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3887 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3888 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3889 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3890 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3891 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3892 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3893 ** following a type conversion.
3894 **
3895 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3896 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3897 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3898 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3899 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3900 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3901 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3902 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3903 **
3904 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3905 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3906 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3907 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3908 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3909 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3910 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3911 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3912 **
3913 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3914 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3915 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3916 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3917 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3918 **
3919 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3920 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3921 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3922 **
3923 ** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3924 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3925 ** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3926 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3927 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3928 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3929 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3930 **
3931 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3932 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3933 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3934 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3935 ** that are applied:
3936 **
3937 ** <blockquote>
3938 ** <table border="1">
3939 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3940 **
3941 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3942 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3943 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3944 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3945 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3946 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3947 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3948 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3949 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3950 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3951 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3952 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3953 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3954 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3955 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3956 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3957 ** </table>
3958 ** </blockquote>)^
3959 **
3960 ** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3961 ** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3962 ** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3963 ** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3964 ** C programmers.
3965 **
3966 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3967 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3968 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3969 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3970 ** in the following cases:
3971 **
3972 ** <ul>
3973 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3974 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3975 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
3976 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3977 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3978 **      to UTF-16.</li>
3979 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3980 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3981 **      to UTF-8.</li>
3982 ** </ul>
3983 **
3984 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3985 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3986 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3987 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3988 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3989 **
3990 ** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3991 ** in one of the following ways:
3992 **
3993 ** <ul>
3994 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3995 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3996 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3997 ** </ul>
3998 **
3999 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4000 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4001 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4002 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4003 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4004 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4005 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4006 **
4007 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4008 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4009 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4010 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
4011 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4012 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4013 **
4014 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4015 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4016 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4017 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4018 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4019 */
4020 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4021 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4022 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4023 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4024 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4025 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4026 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4027 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4028 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4029 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4030 
4031 /*
4032 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4033 **
4034 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4035 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4036 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4037 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4038 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4039 ** [extended error code].
4040 **
4041 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4042 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4043 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4044 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4045 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4046 ** completed execution.
4047 **
4048 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4049 **
4050 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4051 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4052 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4053 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4054 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4055 */
4056 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4057 
4058 /*
4059 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4060 **
4061 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4062 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4063 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4064 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4065 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4066 **
4067 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4068 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4069 **
4070 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4071 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4072 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4073 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4074 **
4075 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4076 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4077 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4078 **
4079 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4080 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4081 */
4082 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4083 
4084 /*
4085 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4086 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4087 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4088 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4089 **
4090 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4091 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4092 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4093 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4094 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4095 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4096 ** the application data pointer.
4097 **
4098 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4099 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4100 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4101 ** to each database connection separately.
4102 **
4103 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4104 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4105 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4106 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4107 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4108 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4109 **
4110 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4111 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4112 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4113 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4114 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4115 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4116 ** undefined.
4117 **
4118 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4119 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4120 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4121 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4122 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4123 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4124 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4125 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4126 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4127 ** each encoding.
4128 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4129 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4130 **
4131 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4132 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4133 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4134 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4135 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4136 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4137 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4138 **
4139 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4140 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4141 **
4142 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4143 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4144 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4145 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4146 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4147 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4148 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4149 ** callbacks.
4150 **
4151 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4152 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4153 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4154 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4155 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4156 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4157 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4158 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4159 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4160 **
4161 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4162 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4163 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4164 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4165 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4166 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4167 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4168 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4169 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4170 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4171 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4172 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4173 **
4174 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4175 **
4176 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4177 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4178 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4179 ** statement in which the function is running.
4180 */
4181 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function(
4182   sqlite3 *db,
4183   const char *zFunctionName,
4184   int nArg,
4185   int eTextRep,
4186   void *pApp,
4187   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4188   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4189   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4190 );
4191 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function16(
4192   sqlite3 *db,
4193   const void *zFunctionName,
4194   int nArg,
4195   int eTextRep,
4196   void *pApp,
4197   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4198   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4199   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4200 );
4201 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4202   sqlite3 *db,
4203   const char *zFunctionName,
4204   int nArg,
4205   int eTextRep,
4206   void *pApp,
4207   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4208   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4209   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4210   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4211 );
4212 
4213 /*
4214 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4215 **
4216 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4217 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4218 */
4219 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4220 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4221 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4222 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4223 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4224 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4225 
4226 /*
4227 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4228 **
4229 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4230 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4231 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4232 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4233 */
4234 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4235 
4236 /*
4237 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4238 ** DEPRECATED
4239 **
4240 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4241 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4242 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4243 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4244 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4245 */
4246 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4247 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4248 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4249 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4250 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4251 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4252 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4253                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4254 #endif
4255 
4256 /*
4257 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4258 **
4259 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4260 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4261 ** the function or aggregate.
4262 **
4263 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4264 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4265 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4266 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4267 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4268 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4269 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4270 **
4271 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4272 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4273 ** object results in undefined behavior.
4274 **
4275 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4276 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4277 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4278 **
4279 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4280 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4281 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4282 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4283 **
4284 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4285 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4286 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4287 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4288 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4289 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4290 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4291 **
4292 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4293 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4294 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4295 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4296 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4297 **
4298 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4299 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4300 */
4301 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4302 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4303 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4304 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4305 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4306 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4307 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4308 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4309 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4310 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4311 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4312 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4313 
4314 /*
4315 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4316 **
4317 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4318 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4319 **
4320 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4321 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4322 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4323 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4324 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4325 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4326 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4327 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4328 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4329 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4330 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4331 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4332 **
4333 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4334 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4335 ** allocate error occurs.
4336 **
4337 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4338 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4339 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4340 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4341 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4342 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4343 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4344 **
4345 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4346 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4347 **
4348 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4349 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4350 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4351 ** function.
4352 **
4353 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4354 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4355 */
4356 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4357 
4358 /*
4359 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4360 **
4361 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4362 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4363 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4364 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4365 ** registered the application defined function.
4366 **
4367 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4368 ** the application-defined function is running.
4369 */
4370 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4371 
4372 /*
4373 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4374 **
4375 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4376 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4377 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4378 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4379 ** registered the application defined function.
4380 */
4381 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4382 
4383 /*
4384 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4385 **
4386 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4387 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4388 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4389 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4390 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4391 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4392 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4393 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4394 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4395 ** invocations of the same function.
4396 **
4397 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4398 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4399 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4400 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4401 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4402 **
4403 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4404 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4405 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4406 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4407 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4408 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4409 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4410 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4411 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4412 ** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4413 ** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4414 **      SQL statement, or
4415 ** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4416 ** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4417 **      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4418 **
4419 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4420 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4421 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4422 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4423 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4424 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4425 **
4426 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4427 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4428 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4429 **
4430 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4431 ** the SQL function is running.
4432 */
4433 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4434 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4435 
4436 
4437 /*
4438 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4439 **
4440 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4441 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4442 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4443 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4444 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4445 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4446 ** the content before returning.
4447 **
4448 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4449 ** C++ compilers.
4450 */
4451 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4452 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4453 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4454 
4455 /*
4456 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4457 **
4458 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4459 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4460 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4461 ** for additional information.
4462 **
4463 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4464 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4465 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4466 **
4467 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4468 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4469 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4470 ** third parameter.
4471 **
4472 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4473 ** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4474 ** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4475 **
4476 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4477 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4478 ** by its 2nd argument.
4479 **
4480 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4481 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4482 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4483 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4484 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4485 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4486 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4487 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4488 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4489 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
4490 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4491 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4492 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4493 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4494 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4495 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4496 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
4497 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4498 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4499 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4500 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4501 **
4502 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4503 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4504 **
4505 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4506 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4507 **
4508 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4509 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4510 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4511 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4512 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4513 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4514 **
4515 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4516 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4517 **
4518 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4519 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4520 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4521 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4522 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4523 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4524 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4525 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4526 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4527 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4528 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4529 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4530 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4531 ** through the first zero character.
4532 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4533 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4534 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4535 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4536 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4537 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4538 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4539 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4540 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4541 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4542 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4543 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4544 ** finished using that result.
4545 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4546 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4547 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4548 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4549 ** when it has finished using that result.
4550 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4551 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4552 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4553 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4554 **
4555 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4556 ** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4557 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4558 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4559 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4560 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4561 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4562 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4563 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4564 **
4565 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4566 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4567 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4568 */
4569 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4570 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4571                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4572 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4573 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4574 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4575 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4576 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4577 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4578 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4579 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4580 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4581 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4582 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4583                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4584 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4585 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4586 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4587 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4588 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4589 
4590 /*
4591 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4592 **
4593 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4594 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4595 **
4596 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4597 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4598 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4599 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4600 ** considered to be the same name.
4601 **
4602 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4603 ** <ul>
4604 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4605 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4606 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4607 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4608 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4609 ** </ul>)^
4610 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4611 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4612 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4613 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4614 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4615 ** on an even byte address.
4616 **
4617 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4618 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4619 **
4620 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4621 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4622 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4623 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4624 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4625 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4626 ** that collation is no longer usable.
4627 **
4628 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4629 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4630 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4631 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4632 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4633 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4634 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4635 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4636 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4637 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4638 ** strings A, B, and C:
4639 **
4640 ** <ol>
4641 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4642 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4643 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4644 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4645 ** </ol>
4646 **
4647 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4648 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4649 ** is undefined.
4650 **
4651 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4652 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4653 ** the collating function is deleted.
4654 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4655 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4656 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4657 **
4658 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4659 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4660 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4661 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4662 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4663 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4664 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4665 ** compatibility.
4666 **
4667 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4668 */
4669 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation(
4670   sqlite3*,
4671   const char *zName,
4672   int eTextRep,
4673   void *pArg,
4674   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4675 );
4676 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4677   sqlite3*,
4678   const char *zName,
4679   int eTextRep,
4680   void *pArg,
4681   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4682   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4683 );
4684 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation16(
4685   sqlite3*,
4686   const void *zName,
4687   int eTextRep,
4688   void *pArg,
4689   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4690 );
4691 
4692 /*
4693 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4694 **
4695 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4696 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4697 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4698 ** sequence is required.
4699 **
4700 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4701 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4702 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4703 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4704 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4705 **
4706 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4707 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4708 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4709 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4710 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4711 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4712 ** required collation sequence.)^
4713 **
4714 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4715 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4716 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4717 */
4718 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed(
4719   sqlite3*,
4720   void*,
4721   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4722 );
4723 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4724   sqlite3*,
4725   void*,
4726   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4727 );
4728 
4729 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4730 /*
4731 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4732 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
4733 **
4734 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4735 ** of SQLite.
4736 */
4737 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key(
4738   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4739   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4740 );
4741 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key_v2(
4742   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4743   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4744   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4745 );
4746 
4747 /*
4748 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4749 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4750 ** database is decrypted.
4751 **
4752 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4753 ** of SQLite.
4754 */
4755 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey(
4756   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4757   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4758 );
4759 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4760   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4761   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4762   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4763 );
4764 
4765 /*
4766 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4767 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4768 */
4769 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_see(
4770   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4771 );
4772 #endif
4773 
4774 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4775 /*
4776 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4777 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4778 */
4779 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4780   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4781 );
4782 #endif
4783 
4784 /*
4785 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4786 **
4787 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4788 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4789 **
4790 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4791 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4792 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4793 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
4794 **
4795 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4796 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4797 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4798 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4799 ** in the previous paragraphs.
4800 */
4801 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sleep(int);
4802 
4803 /*
4804 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4805 **
4806 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4807 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4808 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4809 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4810 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4811 ** temporary file directory.
4812 **
4813 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4814 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4815 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4816 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4817 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4818 ** be avoided in new projects.
4819 **
4820 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4821 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4822 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4823 ** thread.
4824 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4825 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4826 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4827 ** thereafter.
4828 **
4829 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4830 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4831 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4832 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4833 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4834 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4835 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4836 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4837 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4838 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4839 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4840 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4841 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4842 ** objects have been destroyed.
4843 **
4844 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4845 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4846 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4847 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4848 **
4849 ** <blockquote><pre>
4850 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4851 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4852 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4853 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4854 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4855 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4856 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4857 ** </pre></blockquote>
4858 */
4859 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4860 
4861 /*
4862 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4863 **
4864 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4865 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4866 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4867 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4868 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4869 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4870 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4871 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4872 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4873 **
4874 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4875 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
4876 **
4877 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4878 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4879 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4880 ** thread.
4881 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4882 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4883 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4884 ** thereafter.
4885 **
4886 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4887 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4888 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4889 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4890 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4891 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4892 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4893 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4894 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4895 */
4896 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4897 
4898 /*
4899 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4900 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4901 **
4902 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4903 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4904 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4905 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4906 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4907 **
4908 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4909 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4910 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4911 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4912 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4913 ** an error is to use this function.
4914 **
4915 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4916 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4917 ** is undefined.
4918 */
4919 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4920 
4921 /*
4922 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4923 **
4924 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4925 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4926 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4927 ** that was the first argument
4928 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4929 ** create the statement in the first place.
4930 */
4931 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4932 
4933 /*
4934 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4935 **
4936 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4937 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4938 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4939 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4940 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
4941 **
4942 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4943 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4944 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4945 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4946 */
4947 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4948 
4949 /*
4950 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4951 **
4952 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4953 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4954 ** the name of a database on connection D.
4955 */
4956 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4957 
4958 /*
4959 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4960 **
4961 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4962 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4963 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4964 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4965 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4966 **
4967 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4968 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4969 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4970 */
4971 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4972 
4973 /*
4974 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4975 **
4976 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4977 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4978 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4979 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
4980 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4981 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4982 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4983 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
4984 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4985 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4986 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4987 **
4988 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4989 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4990 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4991 ** the first call for each function on D.
4992 **
4993 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4994 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4995 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4996 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4997 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4998 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
4999 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5000 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5001 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5002 **
5003 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5004 **
5005 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5006 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5007 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5008 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5009 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5010 **
5011 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5012 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5013 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5014 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5015 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5016 **
5017 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5018 */
5019 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5020 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5021 
5022 /*
5023 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5024 **
5025 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5026 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5027 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5028 ** a rowid table.
5029 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5030 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5031 **
5032 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5033 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5034 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5035 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5036 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5037 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5038 ** to be invoked.
5039 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5040 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5041 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5042 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5043 **
5044 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5045 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5046 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5047 **
5048 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5049 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5050 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5051 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5052 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5053 ** release of SQLite.
5054 **
5055 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5056 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5057 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5058 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5059 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5060 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5061 **
5062 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5063 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5064 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5065 ** the first call on D.
5066 **
5067 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5068 ** interfaces.
5069 */
5070 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_update_hook(
5071   sqlite3*,
5072   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5073   void*
5074 );
5075 
5076 /*
5077 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5078 **
5079 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5080 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5081 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5082 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5083 **
5084 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5085 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5086 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5087 **
5088 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5089 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5090 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5091 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5092 **
5093 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5094 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5095 **
5096 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5097 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5098 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5099 **
5100 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5101 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5102 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5103 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5104 **
5105 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5106 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5107 **
5108 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5109 */
5110 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5111 
5112 /*
5113 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5114 **
5115 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5116 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5117 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5118 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5119 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5120 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5121 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5122 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5123 **
5124 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5125 */
5126 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5127 
5128 /*
5129 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5130 **
5131 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5132 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5133 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5134 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5135 ** omitted.
5136 **
5137 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5138 */
5139 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5140 
5141 /*
5142 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5143 **
5144 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5145 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5146 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5147 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5148 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5149 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5150 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5151 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5152 ** is advisory only.
5153 **
5154 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5155 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5156 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5157 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5158 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5159 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5160 **
5161 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5162 **
5163 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5164 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5165 **
5166 ** <ul>
5167 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5168 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5169 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5170 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5171 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5172 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5173 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5174 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5175 **      from the heap.
5176 ** </ul>)^
5177 **
5178 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5179 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5180 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5181 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5182 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5183 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5184 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5185 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5186 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5187 **
5188 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5189 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5190 */
5191 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5192 
5193 /*
5194 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5195 ** DEPRECATED
5196 **
5197 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5198 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5199 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5200 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5201 */
5202 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5203 
5204 
5205 /*
5206 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5207 **
5208 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5209 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5210 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5211 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5212 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5213 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5214 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5215 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5216 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5217 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5218 ** does not.
5219 **
5220 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5221 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5222 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5223 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5224 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5225 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5226 **
5227 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5228 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5229 **
5230 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5231 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5232 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5233 **
5234 ** ^(<blockquote>
5235 ** <table border="1">
5236 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5237 **
5238 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5239 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5240 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5241 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5242 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5243 ** </table>
5244 ** </blockquote>)^
5245 **
5246 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5247 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5248 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5249 **
5250 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5251 **
5252 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5253 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5254 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5255 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5256 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5257 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5258 **
5259 ** <pre>
5260 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5261 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5262 **     not null: 0
5263 **     primary key: 1
5264 **     auto increment: 0
5265 ** </pre>)^
5266 **
5267 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5268 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5269 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5270 */
5271 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5272   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5273   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5274   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5275   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5276   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5277   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5278   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5279   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5280   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5281 );
5282 
5283 /*
5284 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5285 **
5286 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5287 **
5288 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5289 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5290 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5291 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5292 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5293 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5294 ** be tried also.
5295 **
5296 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5297 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5298 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5299 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5300 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5301 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5302 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5303 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5304 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5305 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5306 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5307 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5308 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5309 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5310 **
5311 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5312 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5313 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5314 **
5315 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5316 */
5317 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_load_extension(
5318   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5319   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5320   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5321   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5322 );
5323 
5324 /*
5325 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5326 **
5327 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5328 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5329 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5330 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5331 **
5332 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5333 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5334 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5335 ** it back off again.
5336 */
5337 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5338 
5339 /*
5340 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5341 **
5342 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5343 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5344 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5345 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5346 **
5347 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5348 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5349 ** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5350 ** entry point where as follows:
5351 **
5352 ** <blockquote><pre>
5353 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5354 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5355 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5356 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5357 ** &nbsp;  );
5358 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5359 **
5360 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5361 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5362 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5363 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5364 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5365 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5366 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5367 **
5368 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5369 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5370 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5371 **
5372 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5373 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5374 */
5375 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5376 
5377 /*
5378 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5379 **
5380 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5381 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5382 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5383 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5384 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5385 ** routines.
5386 */
5387 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5388 
5389 /*
5390 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5391 **
5392 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5393 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5394 */
5395 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5396 
5397 /*
5398 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5399 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5400 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5401 **
5402 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5403 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5404 */
5405 
5406 /*
5407 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5408 */
5409 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5410 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5411 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5412 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5413 
5414 /*
5415 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5416 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5417 **
5418 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5419 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5420 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5421 **
5422 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5423 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5424 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5425 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5426 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5427 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5428 ** any database connection.
5429 */
5430 struct sqlite3_module {
5431   int iVersion;
5432   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5433                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5434                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5435   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5436                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5437                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5438   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5439   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5440   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5441   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5442   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5443   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5444                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5445   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5446   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5447   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5448   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5449   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5450   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5451   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5452   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5453   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5454   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5455                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5456                        void **ppArg);
5457   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5458   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5459   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5460   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5461   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5462   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5463 };
5464 
5465 /*
5466 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5467 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5468 **
5469 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5470 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
5471 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5472 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5473 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5474 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5475 **
5476 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5477 **
5478 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5479 **
5480 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5481 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5482 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5483 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5484 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5485 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5486 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5487 **
5488 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5489 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5490 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5491 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5492 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5493 **
5494 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5495 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5496 **
5497 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5498 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5499 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5500 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5501 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5502 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5503 **
5504 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5505 ** [xFilter] method.
5506 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5507 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5508 **
5509 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5510 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5511 ** sorting step is required.
5512 **
5513 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5514 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5515 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5516 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5517 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5518 **
5519 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5520 ** will be returned by the strategy.
5521 **
5522 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5523 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5524 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5525 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5526 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5527 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5528 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5529 */
5530 struct sqlite3_index_info {
5531   /* Inputs */
5532   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5533   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5534      int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5535      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5536      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5537      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5538   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5539   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5540   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5541      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5542      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5543   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5544   /* Outputs */
5545   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5546     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5547     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5548   } *aConstraintUsage;
5549   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5550   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5551   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5552   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5553   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5554   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5555   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5556 };
5557 
5558 /*
5559 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5560 **
5561 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5562 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5563 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5564 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5565 */
5566 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5567 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5568 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5569 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5570 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5571 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5572 
5573 /*
5574 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5575 **
5576 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5577 ** ^Module names must be registered before
5578 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5579 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5580 **
5581 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5582 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5583 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5584 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5585 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5586 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5587 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5588 **
5589 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5590 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5591 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5592 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5593 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5594 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5595 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5596 ** destructor.
5597 */
5598 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module(
5599   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5600   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5601   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5602   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5603 );
5604 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5605   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5606   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5607   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5608   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5609   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5610 );
5611 
5612 /*
5613 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5614 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5615 **
5616 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5617 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
5618 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5619 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5620 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5621 ** common to all module implementations.
5622 **
5623 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5624 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5625 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5626 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5627 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5628 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5629 */
5630 struct sqlite3_vtab {
5631   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5632   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
5633   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5634   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5635 };
5636 
5637 /*
5638 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5639 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5640 **
5641 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5642 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5643 ** [virtual table] and are used
5644 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5645 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5646 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5647 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5648 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5649 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5650 **
5651 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5652 ** are common to all implementations.
5653 */
5654 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5655   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5656   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5657 };
5658 
5659 /*
5660 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5661 **
5662 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5663 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
5664 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5665 ** the virtual tables they implement.
5666 */
5667 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5668 
5669 /*
5670 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5671 **
5672 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5673 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5674 ** But global versions of those functions
5675 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5676 **
5677 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5678 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5679 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5680 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5681 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5682 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5683 ** by a [virtual table].
5684 */
5685 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5686 
5687 /*
5688 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5689 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5690 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5691 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5692 **
5693 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5694 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5695 */
5696 
5697 /*
5698 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5699 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5700 **
5701 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5702 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5703 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5704 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5705 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5706 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5707 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5708 */
5709 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5710 
5711 /*
5712 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5713 **
5714 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5715 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5716 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5717 **
5718 ** <pre>
5719 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5720 ** </pre>)^
5721 **
5722 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5723 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5724 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5725 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5726 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5727 **
5728 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5729 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5730 ** read-only access.
5731 **
5732 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5733 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5734 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5735 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5736 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5737 **
5738 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5739 ** <ul>
5740 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5741 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5742 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5743 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5744 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5745 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5746 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5747 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5748 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5749 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5750 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5751 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
5752 ** </ul>
5753 **
5754 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5755 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5756 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5757 **
5758 **
5759 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5760 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5761 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5762 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5763 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5764 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5765 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5766 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5767 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5768 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5769 **
5770 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5771 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5772 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5773 ** blob.
5774 **
5775 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5776 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5777 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5778 **
5779 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5780 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5781 */
5782 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_open(
5783   sqlite3*,
5784   const char *zDb,
5785   const char *zTable,
5786   const char *zColumn,
5787   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5788   int flags,
5789   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5790 );
5791 
5792 /*
5793 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5794 **
5795 ** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5796 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5797 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5798 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5799 ** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5800 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5801 **
5802 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5803 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5804 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5805 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5806 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5807 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5808 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5809 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5810 ** always returns zero.
5811 **
5812 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5813 */
5814 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5815 
5816 /*
5817 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5818 **
5819 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
5820 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
5821 ** handle is still closed.)^
5822 **
5823 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
5824 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
5825 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
5826 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
5827 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
5828 **
5829 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
5830 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
5831 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
5832 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
5833 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
5834 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
5835 */
5836 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5837 
5838 /*
5839 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5840 **
5841 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5842 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5843 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5844 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5845 **
5846 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5847 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5848 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5849 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5850 */
5851 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5852 
5853 /*
5854 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5855 **
5856 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5857 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5858 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5859 **
5860 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5861 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5862 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5863 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5864 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5865 **
5866 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5867 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5868 **
5869 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5870 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5871 **
5872 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5873 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5874 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5875 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5876 **
5877 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5878 */
5879 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5880 
5881 /*
5882 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5883 **
5884 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5885 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5886 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5887 **
5888 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5889 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5890 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
5891 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5892 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5893 **
5894 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5895 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5896 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5897 **
5898 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5899 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5900 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5901 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
5902 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
5903 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
5904 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5905 **
5906 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5907 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5908 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5909 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5910 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5911 ** or by other independent statements.
5912 **
5913 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5914 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5915 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5916 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5917 **
5918 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5919 */
5920 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5921 
5922 /*
5923 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5924 **
5925 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5926 ** that SQLite uses to interact
5927 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5928 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5929 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5930 ** The following interfaces are provided.
5931 **
5932 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5933 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
5934 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5935 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5936 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5937 **
5938 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5939 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5940 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5941 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5942 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5943 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5944 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5945 ** then the behavior is undefined.
5946 **
5947 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5948 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5949 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5950 */
5951 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5952 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5953 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5954 
5955 /*
5956 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5957 **
5958 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5959 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5960 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5961 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
5962 **
5963 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5964 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5965 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
5966 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5967 **
5968 ** <ul>
5969 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5970 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5971 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5972 ** </ul>
5973 **
5974 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5975 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5976 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5977 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5978 ** and Windows.
5979 **
5980 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5981 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5982 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5983 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5984 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5985 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5986 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
5987 **
5988 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5989 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5990 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
5991 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
5992 ** integer constants:
5993 **
5994 ** <ul>
5995 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5996 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5997 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5998 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5999 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6000 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6001 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6002 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6003 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6004 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6005 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6006 ** </ul>
6007 **
6008 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6009 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6010 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6011 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6012 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6013 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6014 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6015 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6016 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6017 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6018 **
6019 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6020 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6021 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6022 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6023 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6024 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6025 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6026 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6027 **
6028 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6029 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6030 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6031 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6032 ** the same type number.
6033 **
6034 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6035 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6036 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6037 **
6038 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6039 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6040 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6041 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6042 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6043 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6044 ** In such cases, the
6045 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6046 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6047 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6048 **
6049 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6050 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6051 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6052 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6053 ** behavior.)^
6054 **
6055 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6056 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6057 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6058 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6059 **
6060 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6061 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6062 ** behave as no-ops.
6063 **
6064 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6065 */
6066 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6067 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6068 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6069 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6070 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6071 
6072 /*
6073 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6074 **
6075 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6076 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6077 **
6078 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6079 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6080 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6081 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6082 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6083 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6084 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6085 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6086 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6087 **
6088 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6089 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6090 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6091 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6092 **
6093 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6094 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6095 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6096 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6097 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6098 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6099 **
6100 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6101 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6102 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6103 **
6104 ** <ul>
6105 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6106 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6107 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6108 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6109 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6110 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6111 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6112 ** </ul>)^
6113 **
6114 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6115 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6116 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6117 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6118 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6119 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6120 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6121 **
6122 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6123 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6124 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6125 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6126 **
6127 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6128 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6129 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6130 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6131 **
6132 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6133 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6134 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6135 ** prior to returning.
6136 */
6137 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6138 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6139   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6140   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6141   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6142   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6143   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6144   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6145   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6146   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6147   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6148 };
6149 
6150 /*
6151 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6152 **
6153 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6154 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6155 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6156 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6157 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6158 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6159 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6160 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6161 **
6162 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6163 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6164 **
6165 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6166 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6167 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6168 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6169 **
6170 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6171 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6172 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6173 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6174 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6175 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6176 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6177 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6178 */
6179 #ifndef NDEBUG
6180 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6181 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6182 #endif
6183 
6184 /*
6185 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6186 **
6187 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6188 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6189 **
6190 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6191 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6192 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6193 */
6194 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6195 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6196 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6197 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6198 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6199 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6200 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6201 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6202 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6203 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6204 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6205 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6206 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6207 
6208 /*
6209 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6210 **
6211 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6212 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6213 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6214 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6215 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6216 */
6217 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6218 
6219 /*
6220 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6221 **
6222 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6223 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6224 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6225 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6226 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6227 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6228 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6229 ** main database file.
6230 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6231 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6232 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6233 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6234 **
6235 ** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6236 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6237 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6238 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6239 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6240 **
6241 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6242 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6243 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6244 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6245 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6246 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6247 ** xFileControl method.
6248 **
6249 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6250 */
6251 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6252 
6253 /*
6254 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6255 **
6256 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6257 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6258 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6259 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6260 **
6261 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6262 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6263 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6264 **
6265 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6266 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6267 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6268 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6269 */
6270 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6271 
6272 /*
6273 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6274 **
6275 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6276 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6277 **
6278 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6279 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6280 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6281 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6282 */
6283 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6284 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6285 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6286 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6287 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6288 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6289 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6290 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6291 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6292 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6293 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6294 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6295 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6296 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6297 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6298 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6299 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6300 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6301 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6302 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6303 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6304 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6305 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6306 
6307 /*
6308 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6309 **
6310 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6311 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6312 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6313 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6314 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6315 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6316 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6317 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6318 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6319 ** value.  For those parameters
6320 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6321 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6322 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6323 **
6324 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6325 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6326 **
6327 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6328 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6329 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6330 **
6331 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6332 */
6333 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6334 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status64(
6335   int op,
6336   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6337   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6338   int resetFlag
6339 );
6340 
6341 
6342 /*
6343 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6344 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6345 **
6346 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6347 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6348 **
6349 ** <dl>
6350 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6351 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6352 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6353 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6354 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6355 ** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6356 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6357 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6358 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6359 **
6360 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6361 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6362 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6363 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6364 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6365 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6366 **
6367 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6368 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6369 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6370 **
6371 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6372 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6373 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6374 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6375 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6376 **
6377 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6378 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6379 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6380 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6381 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6382 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6383 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6384 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6385 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6386 **
6387 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6388 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6389 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6390 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6391 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6392 **
6393 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6394 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6395 ** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6396 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6397 ** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6398 ** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6399 ** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6400 **
6401 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6402 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6403 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6404 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6405 ** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6406 ** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6407 ** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6408 ** slots were available.
6409 ** </dd>)^
6410 **
6411 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6412 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6413 ** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6414 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6415 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6416 **
6417 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6418 ** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6419 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6420 ** </dl>
6421 **
6422 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6423 */
6424 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6425 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6426 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6427 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6428 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6429 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6430 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6431 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6432 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6433 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6434 
6435 /*
6436 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6437 **
6438 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6439 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6440 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6441 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6442 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6443 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6444 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6445 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6446 **
6447 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6448 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6449 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6450 ** reset back down to the current value.
6451 **
6452 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6453 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6454 **
6455 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6456 */
6457 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6458 
6459 /*
6460 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6461 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6462 **
6463 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6464 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6465 **
6466 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6467 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6468 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6469 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6470 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6471 **
6472 ** <dl>
6473 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6474 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6475 ** checked out.</dd>)^
6476 **
6477 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6478 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6479 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6480 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6481 **
6482 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6483 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6484 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6485 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6486 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6487 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6488 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6489 **
6490 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6491 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6492 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6493 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6494 ** memory already being in use.
6495 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6496 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6497 **
6498 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6499 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6500 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6501 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6502 **
6503 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6504 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6505 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6506 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6507 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6508 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6509 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6510 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6511 **
6512 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6513 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6514 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6515 ** the database connection.)^
6516 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6517 ** </dd>
6518 **
6519 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6520 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6521 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6522 ** is always 0.
6523 ** </dd>
6524 **
6525 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6526 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6527 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6528 ** is always 0.
6529 ** </dd>
6530 **
6531 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6532 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6533 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6534 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6535 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6536 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6537 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6538 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6539 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6540 ** </dd>
6541 **
6542 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6543 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6544 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6545 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6546 ** </dd>
6547 ** </dl>
6548 */
6549 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6550 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6551 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6552 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6553 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6554 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6555 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6556 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6557 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6558 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6559 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6560 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6561 
6562 
6563 /*
6564 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6565 **
6566 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6567 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6568 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6569 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6570 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6571 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6572 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6573 ** an index.
6574 **
6575 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6576 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6577 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6578 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6579 ** to be interrogated.)^
6580 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6581 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6582 ** interface call returns.
6583 **
6584 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6585 */
6586 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6587 
6588 /*
6589 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6590 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6591 **
6592 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6593 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6594 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6595 **
6596 ** <dl>
6597 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6598 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6599 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6600 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6601 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
6602 **
6603 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6604 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6605 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6606 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6607 **
6608 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6609 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6610 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6611 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6612 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6613 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6614 **
6615 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6616 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6617 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6618 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6619 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6620 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6621 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6622 ** </dd>
6623 ** </dl>
6624 */
6625 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6626 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6627 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6628 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6629 
6630 /*
6631 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6632 **
6633 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6634 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6635 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6636 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6637 ** to the object.
6638 **
6639 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6640 */
6641 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6642 
6643 /*
6644 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6645 **
6646 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6647 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6648 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6649 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6650 **
6651 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6652 */
6653 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6654 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6655   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6656   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6657 };
6658 
6659 /*
6660 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6661 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6662 **
6663 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6664 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6665 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6666 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6667 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6668 ** By implementing a
6669 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6670 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6671 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6672 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6673 ** how long.
6674 **
6675 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6676 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6677 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6678 **
6679 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6680 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6681 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6682 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6683 **
6684 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6685 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6686 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6687 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6688 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6689 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6690 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6691 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6692 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6693 ** page cache.)^
6694 **
6695 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6696 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6697 ** It can be used to clean up
6698 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6699 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6700 **
6701 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6702 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6703 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6704 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6705 ** in multithreaded applications.
6706 **
6707 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6708 ** call to xShutdown().
6709 **
6710 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6711 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6712 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6713 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6714 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6715 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6716 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6717 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6718 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6719 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6720 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6721 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6722 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6723 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6724 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6725 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6726 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6727 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6728 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6729 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6730 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6731 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
6732 **
6733 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6734 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6735 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6736 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6737 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6738 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6739 ** value; it is advisory only.
6740 **
6741 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6742 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6743 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6744 **
6745 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6746 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6747 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6748 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6749 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6750 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6751 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6752 ** for each entry in the page cache.
6753 **
6754 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6755 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6756 ** to be "pinned".
6757 **
6758 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6759 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6760 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6761 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6762 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6763 **
6764 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6765 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6766 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6767 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6768 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
6769 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6770 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6771 ** </table>
6772 **
6773 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6774 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6775 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6776 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6777 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6778 **
6779 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6780 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6781 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6782 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6783 ** ^If the discard parameter is
6784 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6785 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6786 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6787 **
6788 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6789 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6790 ** to xFetch().
6791 **
6792 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6793 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6794 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6795 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6796 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6797 ** to be pinned.
6798 **
6799 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6800 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6801 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6802 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6803 ** they can be safely discarded.
6804 **
6805 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6806 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6807 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6808 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6809 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6810 ** functions.
6811 **
6812 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6813 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6814 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6815 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6816 ** do their best.
6817 */
6818 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6819 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6820   int iVersion;
6821   void *pArg;
6822   int (*xInit)(void*);
6823   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6824   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6825   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6826   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6827   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6828   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6829   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6830       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6831   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6832   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6833   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6834 };
6835 
6836 /*
6837 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6838 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6839 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6840 */
6841 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6842 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6843   void *pArg;
6844   int (*xInit)(void*);
6845   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6846   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6847   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6848   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6849   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6850   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6851   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6852   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6853   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6854 };
6855 
6856 
6857 /*
6858 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6859 **
6860 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6861 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6862 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6863 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6864 **
6865 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6866 */
6867 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6868 
6869 /*
6870 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6871 **
6872 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6873 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6874 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6875 **
6876 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6877 **
6878 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6879 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
6880 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6881 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6882 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6883 ** preventing other database connections from
6884 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6885 **
6886 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6887 **   <ol>
6888 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6889 **         backup,
6890 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6891 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
6892 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6893 **         associated with the backup operation.
6894 **   </ol>)^
6895 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6896 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6897 **
6898 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6899 **
6900 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6901 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6902 ** and the database name, respectively.
6903 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6904 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6905 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6906 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6907 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6908 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6909 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6910 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6911 ** an error.
6912 **
6913 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
6914 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
6915 ** destination database.
6916 **
6917 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6918 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6919 ** destination [database connection] D.
6920 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6921 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6922 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6923 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6924 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6925 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6926 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6927 ** operation.
6928 **
6929 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6930 **
6931 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6932 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6933 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6934 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6935 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6936 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6937 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6938 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6939 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6940 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6941 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6942 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6943 **
6944 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6945 ** <ol>
6946 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6947 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6948 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6949 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6950 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
6951 ** </ol>)^
6952 **
6953 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6954 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6955 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6956 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6957 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6958 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6959 ** [database connection]
6960 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6961 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6962 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6963 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6964 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6965 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6966 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6967 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6968 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6969 **
6970 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6971 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6972 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6973 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6974 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6975 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6976 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6977 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6978 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6979 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6980 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6981 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6982 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6983 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6984 ** updated at the same time.
6985 **
6986 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6987 **
6988 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6989 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6990 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6991 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6992 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6993 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6994 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6995 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6996 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6997 **
6998 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6999 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7000 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7001 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7002 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7003 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7004 **
7005 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7006 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7007 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7008 **
7009 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7010 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7011 **
7012 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7013 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7014 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7015 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7016 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7017 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7018 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7019 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7020 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7021 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7022 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7023 **
7024 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7025 **
7026 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7027 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7028 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7029 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7030 ** from within other threads.
7031 **
7032 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7033 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7034 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7035 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7036 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7037 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7038 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7039 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7040 **
7041 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7042 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7043 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7044 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7045 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7046 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7047 **
7048 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7049 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7050 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7051 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7052 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7053 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7054 */
7055 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_init(
7056   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7057   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7058   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7059   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7060 );
7061 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7062 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7063 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7064 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7065 
7066 /*
7067 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7068 **
7069 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7070 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7071 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7072 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7073 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7074 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7075 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7076 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7077 **
7078 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7079 **
7080 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7081 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7082 **
7083 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7084 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7085 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7086 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7087 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7088 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7089 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7090 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7091 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7092 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7093 **
7094 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7095 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7096 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7097 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7098 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7099 **
7100 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7101 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7102 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7103 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7104 **
7105 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7106 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7107 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7108 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7109 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7110 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7111 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7112 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7113 **
7114 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7115 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7116 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7117 **
7118 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7119 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7120 **
7121 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7122 **
7123 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7124 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7125 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7126 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7127 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7128 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7129 **
7130 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7131 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7132 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7133 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7134 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7135 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7136 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7137 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7138 **
7139 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7140 **
7141 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7142 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7143 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7144 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7145 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7146 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7147 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7148 **
7149 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7150 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7151 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7152 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7153 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7154 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7155 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7156 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7157 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7158 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7159 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7160 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7161 **
7162 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7163 **
7164 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7165 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7166 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7167 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7168 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7169 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7170 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7171 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7172 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7173 **
7174 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7175 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7176 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7177 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7178 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7179 */
7180 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7181   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7182   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7183   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7184 );
7185 
7186 
7187 /*
7188 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7189 **
7190 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7191 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7192 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7193 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7194 */
7195 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7196 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7197 
7198 /*
7199 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7200 *
7201 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7202 ** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7203 ** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7204 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7205 ** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7206 ** sensitive.
7207 **
7208 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7209 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7210 */
7211 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7212 
7213 /*
7214 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7215 **
7216 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7217 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7218 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7219 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7220 **
7221 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7222 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7223 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7224 ** is considered bad form.
7225 **
7226 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7227 **
7228 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7229 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7230 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7231 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7232 ** buffer.
7233 */
7234 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7235 
7236 /*
7237 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7238 **
7239 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7240 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7241 **
7242 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7243 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7244 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7245 **
7246 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7247 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7248 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7249 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7250 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7251 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7252 ** including those that were just committed.
7253 **
7254 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7255 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7256 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7257 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7258 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7259 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7260 ** are undefined.
7261 **
7262 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7263 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7264 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7265 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7266 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7267 ** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7268 */
7269 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_hook(
7270   sqlite3*,
7271   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7272   void*
7273 );
7274 
7275 /*
7276 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7277 **
7278 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7279 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7280 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
7281 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7282 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7283 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7284 ** checkpoints entirely.
7285 **
7286 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7287 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7288 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7289 ** configured by this function.
7290 **
7291 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7292 ** from SQL.
7293 **
7294 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7295 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7296 **
7297 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7298 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7299 ** pages.  The use of this interface
7300 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7301 ** for a particular application.
7302 */
7303 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7304 
7305 /*
7306 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7307 **
7308 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7309 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7310 **
7311 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7312 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7313 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7314 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7315 ** information.
7316 **
7317 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7318 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7319 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7320 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7321 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7322 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7323 */
7324 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7325 
7326 /*
7327 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7328 **
7329 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7330 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7331 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7332 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7333 **
7334 ** <dl>
7335 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7336 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7337 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7338 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7339 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7340 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7341 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7342 **
7343 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7344 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7345 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7346 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7347 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7348 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7349 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7350 **
7351 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7352 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7353 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7354 **   [busy-handler callback])
7355 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7356 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7357 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7358 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7359 **
7360 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7361 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7362 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7363 **   to a successful return.
7364 ** </dl>
7365 **
7366 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7367 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7368 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7369 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7370 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7371 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7372 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7373 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7374 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7375 **
7376 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7377 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7378 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7379 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7380 **
7381 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7382 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7383 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7384 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7385 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7386 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7387 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7388 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7389 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7390 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7391 **
7392 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7393 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7394 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7395 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7396 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7397 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7398 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7399 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7400 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7401 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7402 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7403 **
7404 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7405 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7406 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7407 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7408 **
7409 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7410 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7411 ** sets the error information that is queried by
7412 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7413 **
7414 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7415 ** from SQL.
7416 */
7417 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7418   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7419   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7420   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7421   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7422   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7423 );
7424 
7425 /*
7426 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7427 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7428 **
7429 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7430 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7431 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7432 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7433 */
7434 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7435 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7436 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7437 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7438 
7439 /*
7440 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7441 **
7442 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7443 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7444 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7445 **
7446 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7447 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7448 **
7449 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7450 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7451 ** may be added in the future.
7452 */
7453 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7454 
7455 /*
7456 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7457 **
7458 ** These macros define the various options to the
7459 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7460 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7461 **
7462 ** <dl>
7463 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7464 ** <dd>Calls of the form
7465 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7466 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7467 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7468 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7469 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7470 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7471 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7472 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7473 **
7474 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7475 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7476 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7477 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7478 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7479 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7480 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7481 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7482 ** had been ABORT.
7483 **
7484 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7485 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7486 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7487 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7488 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7489 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7490 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7491 ** constraint handling.
7492 ** </dl>
7493 */
7494 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7495 
7496 /*
7497 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7498 **
7499 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7500 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7501 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7502 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7503 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7504 ** [virtual table].
7505 */
7506 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7507 
7508 /*
7509 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7510 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7511 **
7512 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7513 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7514 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7515 **
7516 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7517 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7518 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7519 */
7520 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7521 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7522 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7523 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7524 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7525 
7526 /*
7527 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7528 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7529 **
7530 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7531 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7532 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7533 **
7534 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7535 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7536 ** S is finalized.
7537 **
7538 ** <dl>
7539 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7540 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7541 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7542 **
7543 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7544 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7545 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7546 **
7547 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7548 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7549 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7550 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7551 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7552 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7553 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7554 **
7555 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7556 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7557 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7558 ** used for the X-th loop.
7559 **
7560 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7561 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7562 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7563 ** description for the X-th loop.
7564 **
7565 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7566 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7567 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7568 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7569 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7570 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7571 ** </dl>
7572 */
7573 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7574 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7575 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7576 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7577 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7578 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7579 
7580 /*
7581 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7582 **
7583 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7584 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7585 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7586 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7587 **
7588 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7589 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7590 ** compile-time option.
7591 **
7592 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7593 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7594 ** of this interface is undefined.
7595 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7596 ** the "pOut" parameter.
7597 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7598 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7599 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7600 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7601 ** points to is unchanged.
7602 **
7603 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7604 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7605 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7606 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
7607 **
7608 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7609 */
7610 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7611   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7612   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7613   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7614   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7615 );
7616 
7617 /*
7618 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7619 **
7620 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7621 **
7622 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7623 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7624 */
7625 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7626 
7627 
7628 /*
7629 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7630 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
7631 */
7632 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7633 # undef double
7634 #endif
7635 
7636 #ifdef __cplusplus
7637 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7638 #endif
7639 #endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7640 
7641 /*
7642 ** 2010 August 30
7643 **
7644 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
7645 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
7646 **
7647 **    May you do good and not evil.
7648 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
7649 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
7650 **
7651 *************************************************************************
7652 */
7653 
7654 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7655 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7656 
7657 
7658 #ifdef __cplusplus
7659 extern "C" {
7660 #endif
7661 
7662 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
7663 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
7664 
7665 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
7666 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
7667 */
7668 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
7669   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7670 #else
7671   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7672 #endif
7673 
7674 /*
7675 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
7676 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7677 **
7678 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
7679 */
7680 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
7681   sqlite3 *db,
7682   const char *zGeom,
7683   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
7684   void *pContext
7685 );
7686 
7687 
7688 /*
7689 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
7690 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
7691 */
7692 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
7693   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
7694   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
7695   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
7696   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
7697   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
7698 };
7699 
7700 /*
7701 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
7702 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7703 **
7704 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
7705 */
7706 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
7707   sqlite3 *db,
7708   const char *zQueryFunc,
7709   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
7710   void *pContext,
7711   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
7712 );
7713 
7714 
7715 /*
7716 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
7717 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
7718 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
7719 **
7720 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
7721 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
7722 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
7723 */
7724 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
7725   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
7726   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
7727   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
7728   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
7729   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
7730   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
7731   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
7732   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
7733   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
7734   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
7735   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
7736   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
7737   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
7738   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
7739   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
7740 };
7741 
7742 /*
7743 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
7744 */
7745 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
7746 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
7747 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
7748 
7749 
7750 #ifdef __cplusplus
7751 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
7752 #endif
7753 
7754 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
7755 
7756