xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision e8d8bef961a50d4dc22501cde4fb9fb0be1b2532)
1 /*
2 ** 2001-09-15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef SQLITE3_H
34 #define SQLITE3_H
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58 # define SQLITE_APICALL
59 #endif
60 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61 # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62 #endif
63 #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64 # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65 #endif
66 #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67 # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68 #endif
69 
70 /*
71 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76 **
77 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81 ** noop macros.
82 */
83 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85 
86 /*
87 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88 */
89 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
91 #endif
92 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94 #endif
95 
96 /*
97 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98 **
99 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
110 **
111 ** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
112 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
113 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
114 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
115 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
116 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
117 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
118 ** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
119 ** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
120 ** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
121 **
122 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
123 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
124 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
125 */
126 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.35.5"
127 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3035005
128 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2021-04-19 18:32:05 1b256d97b553a9611efca188a3d995a2fff712759044ba480f9a0c9e98fae886"
129 
130 /*
131 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
132 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
133 **
134 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
135 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
136 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
137 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
138 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
139 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
140 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
141 **
142 ** <blockquote><pre>
143 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
144 ** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
145 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
146 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
147 **
148 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
149 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
150 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
151 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
152 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
153 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
154 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
155 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
156 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
157 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
158 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
159 **
160 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
161 */
162 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
163 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
164 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
165 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
166 
167 /*
168 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
169 **
170 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
171 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
172 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
173 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
174 **
175 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
176 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
177 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
178 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
179 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
180 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
181 **
182 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
183 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
184 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
185 **
186 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
187 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
188 */
189 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
190 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
191 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
192 #else
193 # define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
194 # define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
195 #endif
196 
197 /*
198 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
199 **
200 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
201 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
202 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
203 **
204 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
205 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
206 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
207 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
208 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
209 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
210 **
211 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
212 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
213 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
214 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
215 **
216 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
217 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
218 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
219 **
220 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
221 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
222 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
223 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
224 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
225 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
226 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
227 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
228 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
229 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
230 **
231 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
232 */
233 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
234 
235 /*
236 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
237 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
238 **
239 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
240 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
241 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
242 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
243 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
244 ** interfaces (such as
245 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
246 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
247 ** sqlite3 object.
248 */
249 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
250 
251 /*
252 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
253 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
254 **
255 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
256 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
257 **
258 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
259 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
260 ** compatibility only.
261 **
262 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
263 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
264 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
265 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
266 */
267 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
268   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
269 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
270     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
271 # else
272     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
273 # endif
274 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
275   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
276   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
277 #else
278   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
279   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
280 #endif
281 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
282 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
283 
284 /*
285 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
286 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
287 */
288 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
289 # define double sqlite3_int64
290 #endif
291 
292 /*
293 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
294 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
295 **
296 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
297 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
298 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
299 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
300 ** resources are deallocated.
301 **
302 ** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
303 ** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
304 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
305 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
306 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
307 ** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
308 ** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
309 ** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
310 ** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
311 ** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
312 ** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
313 ** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
314 ** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
315 ** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
316 ** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
317 ** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
318 **
319 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
320 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
321 **
322 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
323 ** must be either a NULL
324 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
325 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
326 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
327 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
328 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
329 */
330 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
331 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
332 
333 /*
334 ** The type for a callback function.
335 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
336 ** compatibility and is not documented.
337 */
338 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
339 
340 /*
341 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
342 ** METHOD: sqlite3
343 **
344 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
345 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
346 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
347 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
348 **
349 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
350 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
351 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
352 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
353 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
354 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
355 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
356 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
357 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
358 ** ignored.
359 **
360 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
361 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
362 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
363 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
364 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
365 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
366 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
367 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
368 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
369 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
370 ** NULL before returning.
371 **
372 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
373 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
374 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
375 **
376 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
377 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
378 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
379 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
380 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
381 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
382 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
383 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
384 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
385 **
386 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
387 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
388 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
389 ** is not changed.
390 **
391 ** Restrictions:
392 **
393 ** <ul>
394 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
395 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
396 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
397 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
398 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
399 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
400 ** </ul>
401 */
402 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
403   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
404   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
405   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
406   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
407   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
408 );
409 
410 /*
411 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
412 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
413 **
414 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
415 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
416 **
417 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
418 **
419 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
420 */
421 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
422 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
423 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
424 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
425 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
426 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
427 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
428 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
429 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
430 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
431 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
432 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
433 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
434 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
435 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
436 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
437 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
438 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
439 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
440 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
441 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
442 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
443 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
444 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
445 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
446 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
447 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
448 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
449 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
450 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
451 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
452 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
453 /* end-of-error-codes */
454 
455 /*
456 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
457 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
458 **
459 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
460 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
461 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
462 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
463 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
464 ** and later) include
465 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
466 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
467 ** on a per database connection basis using the
468 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
469 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
470 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
471 */
472 #define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
509 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
510 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
511 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
512 #define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
513 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
514 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
515 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
516 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
517 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
518 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
519 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
520 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
521 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
522 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
523 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
524 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
525 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
526 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
527 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
528 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
529 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
530 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
531 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
532 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
533 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
534 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
535 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
536 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
537 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
538 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
539 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
540 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
541 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
542 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
543 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
544 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
545 #define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8))
546 
547 /*
548 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
549 **
550 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
551 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
552 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
553 */
554 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
555 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
556 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
557 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
558 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
559 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
560 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
561 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
562 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
563 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
564 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
565 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
566 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
567 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
568 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
569 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
570 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
571 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
572 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
573 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
574 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
575 
576 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
577 /* Legacy compatibility: */
578 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
579 
580 
581 /*
582 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
583 **
584 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
585 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
586 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
587 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
588 ** refers to.
589 **
590 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
591 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
592 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
593 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
594 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
595 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
596 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
597 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
598 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
599 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
600 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
601 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
602 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
603 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
604 ** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
605 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
606 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
607 ** elevated privileges.
608 **
609 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
610 ** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
611 ** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
612 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
613 */
614 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
615 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
616 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
617 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
618 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
619 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
620 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
621 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
622 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
623 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
624 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
625 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
626 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
627 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
628 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
629 
630 /*
631 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
632 **
633 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
634 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
635 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
636 */
637 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
638 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
639 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
640 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
641 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
642 
643 /*
644 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
645 **
646 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
647 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
648 ** these integer values as the second argument.
649 **
650 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
651 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
652 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
653 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
654 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
655 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
656 **
657 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
658 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
659 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
660 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
661 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
662 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
663 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
664 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
665 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
666 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
667 ** cares about the difference.)
668 */
669 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
670 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
671 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
672 
673 /*
674 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
675 **
676 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
677 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
678 ** implementations will
679 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
680 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
681 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
682 ** I/O operations on the open file.
683 */
684 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
685 struct sqlite3_file {
686   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
687 };
688 
689 /*
690 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
691 **
692 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
693 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
694 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
695 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
696 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
697 **
698 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
699 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
700 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
701 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
702 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
703 ** to NULL.
704 **
705 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
706 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
707 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
708 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
709 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
710 **
711 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
712 ** <ul>
713 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
714 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
715 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
716 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
717 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
718 ** </ul>
719 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
720 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
721 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
722 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
723 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
724 **
725 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
726 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
727 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
728 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
729 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
730 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
731 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
732 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
733 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
734 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
735 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
736 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
737 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
738 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
739 ** recognize.
740 **
741 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
742 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
743 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
744 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
745 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
746 ** underlying device:
747 **
748 ** <ul>
749 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
750 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
751 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
752 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
753 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
754 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
755 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
756 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
757 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
758 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
759 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
760 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
761 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
762 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
763 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
764 ** </ul>
765 **
766 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
767 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
768 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
769 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
770 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
771 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
772 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
773 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
774 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
775 ** to xWrite().
776 **
777 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
778 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
779 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
780 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
781 ** database corruption.
782 */
783 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
784 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
785   int iVersion;
786   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
787   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
788   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
789   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
790   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
791   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
792   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
793   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
794   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
795   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
796   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
797   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
798   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
799   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
800   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
801   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
802   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
803   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
804   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
805   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
806   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
807   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
808 };
809 
810 /*
811 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
812 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
813 **
814 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
815 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
816 ** interface.
817 **
818 ** <ul>
819 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
820 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
821 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
822 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
823 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
824 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
825 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
826 ** compile-time option is used.
827 **
828 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
829 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
830 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
831 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
832 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
833 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
834 ** file run faster.
835 **
836 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
837 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
838 ** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
839 ** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
840 ** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
841 ** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
842 ** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
843 ** pointed to is set to the new limit.
844 **
845 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
846 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
847 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
848 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
849 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
850 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
851 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
852 ** improve performance on some systems.
853 **
854 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
855 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
856 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
857 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
858 **
859 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
860 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
861 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
862 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
863 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
864 **
865 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
866 ** No longer in use.
867 **
868 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
869 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
870 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
871 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
872 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
873 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
874 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
875 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
876 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
877 ** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
878 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
879 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
880 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
881 **
882 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
883 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
884 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
885 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
886 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
887 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
888 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
889 **
890 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
891 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
892 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
893 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
894 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
895 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
896 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
897 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
898 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
899 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
900 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
901 ** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
902 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
903 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
904 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
905 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
906 **
907 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
908 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
909 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
910 ** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
911 ** files used for transaction control
912 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
913 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
914 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
915 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
916 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
917 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
918 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
919 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
920 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
921 ** WAL persistence setting.
922 **
923 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
924 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
925 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
926 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
927 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
928 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
929 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
930 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
931 ** zero-damage mode setting.
932 **
933 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
934 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
935 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
936 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
937 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
938 **
939 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
940 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
941 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
942 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
943 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
944 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
945 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
946 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
947 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
948 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
949 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
950 **
951 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
952 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
953 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
954 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
955 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
956 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
957 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
958 ** upper-most shim only.
959 **
960 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
961 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
962 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
963 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
964 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
965 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
966 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
967 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
968 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
969 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
970 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
971 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
972 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
973 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
974 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
975 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
976 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
977 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
978 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
979 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
980 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
981 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
982 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
983 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
984 **
985 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
986 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
987 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
988 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
989 ** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
990 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
991 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
992 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
993 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
994 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
995 ** current operation.
996 **
997 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
998 ** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
999 ** to have SQLite generate a
1000 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1001 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1002 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1003 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1004 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1005 **
1006 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1007 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1008 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1009 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1010 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1011 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1012 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1013 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1014 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1015 **
1016 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1017 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1018 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1019 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1020 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1021 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1022 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1023 **
1024 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1025 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1026 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1027 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1028 ** was first opened.
1029 **
1030 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1031 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1032 ** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1033 ** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1034 ** writes the resulting value there.
1035 **
1036 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1037 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1038 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1039 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1040 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1041 **
1042 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1043 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1044 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1045 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1046 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1047 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1048 **
1049 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1050 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1051 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1052 **
1053 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1054 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1055 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1056 ** this opcode.
1057 **
1058 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1059 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1060 ** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1061 ** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1062 ** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1063 ** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1064 ** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1065 ** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1066 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1067 ** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1068 ** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1069 ** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1070 **
1071 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1072 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1073 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1074 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1075 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1076 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1077 ** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1078 ** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1079 ** write operations are independent.
1080 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1081 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1082 **
1083 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1084 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1085 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1086 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1087 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1088 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1089 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1090 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1091 **
1092 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1093 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1094 ** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1095 ** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1096 ** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1097 ** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1098 ** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1099 **
1100 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1101 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1102 ** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1103 ** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1104 ** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1105 ** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1106 ** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1107 ** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1108 ** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1109 ** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1110 ** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1111 ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1112 ** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1113 ** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1114 ** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1115 ** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1116 ** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1117 ** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1118 ** a particular attached database.
1119 **
1120 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1121 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1122 ** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1123 ** file to the database file.
1124 **
1125 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1126 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1127 ** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1128 ** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1129 ** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1130 ** </ul>
1131 */
1132 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1133 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1134 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1135 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1136 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1137 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1138 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1139 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1140 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1141 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1142 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1143 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1144 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1145 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1146 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1147 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1148 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1149 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1150 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1151 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1152 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1153 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1154 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1155 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1156 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1157 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1158 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1159 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1160 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1161 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1162 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1163 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1164 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1165 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1166 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1167 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1168 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1169 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1170 
1171 /* deprecated names */
1172 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1173 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1174 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1175 
1176 
1177 /*
1178 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1179 **
1180 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1181 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1182 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1183 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1184 **
1185 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1186 */
1187 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1188 
1189 /*
1190 ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1191 **
1192 ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1193 ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1194 ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1195 ** on some platforms.
1196 */
1197 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1198 
1199 /*
1200 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1201 **
1202 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1203 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1204 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1205 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1206 **
1207 ** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1208 ** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1209 ** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1210 ** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1211 ** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1212 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1213 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1214 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1215 ** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1216 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1217 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1218 ** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1219 **
1220 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1221 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1222 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1223 **
1224 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1225 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1226 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1227 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1228 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1229 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1230 **
1231 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1232 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1233 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1234 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1235 ** object once the object has been registered.
1236 **
1237 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1238 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1239 **
1240 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1241 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1242 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1243 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1244 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1245 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1246 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1247 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1248 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1249 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1250 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1251 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1252 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1253 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1254 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1255 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1256 **
1257 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1258 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1259 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1260 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1261 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1262 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1263 **
1264 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1265 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1266 **
1267 ** <ul>
1268 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1269 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1270 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1271 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1272 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1273 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1274 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1275 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1276 ** </ul>)^
1277 **
1278 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1279 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1280 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1281 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1282 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1283 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1284 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1285 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1286 **
1287 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1288 **
1289 ** <ul>
1290 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1291 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1292 ** </ul>
1293 **
1294 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1295 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1296 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1297 ** databases, and subjournals.
1298 **
1299 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1300 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1301 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1302 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1303 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1304 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1305 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1306 ** for exclusive access.
1307 **
1308 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1309 ** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1310 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1311 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1312 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1313 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1314 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1315 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1316 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1317 **
1318 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1319 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1320 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1321 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1322 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1323 ** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1324 ** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1325 ** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1326 ** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1327 ** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1328 ** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1329 ** whether or not the file is accessible.
1330 **
1331 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1332 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1333 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1334 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1335 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1336 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1337 **
1338 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1339 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1340 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1341 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1342 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1343 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1344 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1345 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1346 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1347 ** a floating point value.
1348 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1349 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1350 ** a 24-hour day).
1351 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1352 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1353 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1354 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1355 **
1356 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1357 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1358 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1359 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1360 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1361 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1362 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1363 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1364 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1365 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1366 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1367 */
1368 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1369 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1370 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1371   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1372   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1373   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1374   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1375   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1376   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1377   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1378                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1379   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1380   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1381   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1382   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1383   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1384   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1385   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1386   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1387   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1388   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1389   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1390   /*
1391   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1392   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1393   */
1394   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1395   /*
1396   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1397   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1398   */
1399   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1400   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1401   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1402   /*
1403   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1404   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1405   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1406   */
1407 };
1408 
1409 /*
1410 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1411 **
1412 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1413 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1414 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1415 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1416 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1417 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1418 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1419 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1420 ** the directory).
1421 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1422 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1423 ** release of SQLite.
1424 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1425 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1426 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1427 ** SQLite.
1428 */
1429 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1430 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1431 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1432 
1433 /*
1434 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1435 **
1436 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1437 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1438 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1439 ** xShmLock method:
1440 **
1441 ** <ul>
1442 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1443 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1444 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1445 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1446 ** </ul>
1447 **
1448 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1449 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1450 **
1451 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1452 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1453 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1454 */
1455 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1456 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1457 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1458 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1459 
1460 /*
1461 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1462 **
1463 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1464 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1465 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1466 ** lock outside of this range
1467 */
1468 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1469 
1470 
1471 /*
1472 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1473 **
1474 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1475 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1476 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1477 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1478 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1479 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1480 **
1481 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1482 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1483 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1484 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1485 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1486 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1487 **
1488 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1489 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1490 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1491 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1492 **
1493 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1494 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1495 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1496 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1497 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1498 **
1499 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1500 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1501 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1502 **
1503 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1504 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1505 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1506 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1507 **
1508 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1509 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1510 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1511 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1512 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1513 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1514 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1515 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1516 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1517 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1518 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1519 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1520 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1521 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1522 **
1523 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1524 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1525 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1526 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1527 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1528 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1529 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1530 **
1531 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1532 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1533 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1534 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1535 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1536 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1537 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1538 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1539 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1540 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1541 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1542 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1543 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1544 ** failure.
1545 */
1546 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1547 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1548 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1549 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1550 
1551 /*
1552 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1553 **
1554 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1555 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1556 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1557 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1558 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1559 **
1560 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1561 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1562 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1563 **
1564 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
1565 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1566 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1567 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1568 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1569 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1570 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1571 **
1572 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1573 ** [configuration option] that determines
1574 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1575 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1576 ** in the first argument.
1577 **
1578 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1579 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1580 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1581 */
1582 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1583 
1584 /*
1585 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1586 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1587 **
1588 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1589 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1590 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1591 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1592 **
1593 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1594 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1595 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1596 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1597 **
1598 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1599 ** the call is considered successful.
1600 */
1601 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1602 
1603 /*
1604 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1605 **
1606 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1607 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1608 **
1609 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1610 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1611 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1612 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1613 ** By creating an instance of this object
1614 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1615 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1616 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1617 ** dynamic memory needs.
1618 **
1619 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1620 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1621 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1622 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1623 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1624 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1625 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1626 ** conditions.
1627 **
1628 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1629 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1630 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1631 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1632 **
1633 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1634 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1635 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1636 **
1637 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1638 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1639 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1640 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1641 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1642 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1643 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1644 **
1645 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1646 ** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1647 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1648 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1649 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1650 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1651 **
1652 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1653 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1654 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1655 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1656 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1657 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1658 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1659 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1660 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1661 ** serialization.
1662 **
1663 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1664 ** call to xShutdown().
1665 */
1666 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1667 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1668   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1669   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1670   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1671   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1672   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1673   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1674   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1675   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1676 };
1677 
1678 /*
1679 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1680 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1681 **
1682 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1683 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1684 **
1685 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1686 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1687 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1688 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1689 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1690 ** is invoked.
1691 **
1692 ** <dl>
1693 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1694 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1695 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1696 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1697 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1698 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1699 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1700 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1701 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1702 ** configuration option.</dd>
1703 **
1704 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1705 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1706 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1707 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1708 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1709 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1710 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1711 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1712 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1713 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1714 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1715 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1716 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1717 **
1718 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1719 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1720 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1721 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1722 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1723 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1724 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1725 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1726 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1727 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1728 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1729 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1730 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1731 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1732 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1733 **
1734 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1735 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1736 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1737 ** The argument specifies
1738 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1739 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1740 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1741 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1742 **
1743 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1744 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1745 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1746 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1747 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1748 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1749 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1750 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1751 **
1752 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1753 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1754 ** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1755 ** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1756 ** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1757 ** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1758 ** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1759 ** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1760 ** </dd>
1761 **
1762 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1763 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1764 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1765 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1766 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1767 **   <ul>
1768 **   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1769 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1770 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1771 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1772 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1773 **   </ul>)^
1774 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1775 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1776 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1777 ** </dd>
1778 **
1779 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1780 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1781 ** </dd>
1782 **
1783 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1784 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1785 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1786 ** cache implementation.
1787 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1788 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1789 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1790 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1791 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1792 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1793 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1794 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1795 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1796 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1797 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1798 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1799 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1800 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1801 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1802 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1803 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1804 ** is exhausted.
1805 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1806 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1807 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1808 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1809 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1810 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1811 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1812 **
1813 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1814 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1815 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1816 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1817 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1818 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1819 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1820 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1821 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1822 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1823 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1824 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1825 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1826 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1827 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1828 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1829 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1830 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1831 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1832 **
1833 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1834 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1835 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1836 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1837 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1838 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1839 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1840 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1841 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1842 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1843 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1844 **
1845 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1846 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1847 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1848 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1849 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1850 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1851 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1852 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1853 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1854 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1855 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1856 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1857 **
1858 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1859 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1860 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1861 ** The first argument is the
1862 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1863 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1864 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1865 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1866 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1867 **
1868 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1869 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1870 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1871 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1872 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1873 **
1874 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1875 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1876 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1877 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1878 **
1879 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1880 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1881 ** global [error log].
1882 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1883 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1884 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1885 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1886 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1887 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1888 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1889 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1890 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1891 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1892 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1893 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1894 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1895 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1896 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1897 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1898 **
1899 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1900 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1901 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1902 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1903 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1904 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1905 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1906 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1907 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1908 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1909 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1910 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1911 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1912 **
1913 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1914 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1915 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1916 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1917 ** ^The default setting is determined
1918 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1919 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1920 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1921 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1922 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1923 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1924 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1925 **
1926 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1927 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1928 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1929 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1930 ** </dd>
1931 **
1932 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1933 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1934 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1935 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1936 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1937 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1938 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1939 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1940 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1941 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1942 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1943 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1944 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1945 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1946 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1947 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1948 **
1949 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1950 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1951 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1952 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1953 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1954 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1955 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1956 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1957 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1958 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1959 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1960 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1961 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1962 **
1963 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1964 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1965 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1966 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1967 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1968 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1969 **
1970 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1971 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1972 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1973 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1974 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1975 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1976 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1977 **
1978 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1979 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1980 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1981 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1982 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1983 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1984 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1985 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1986 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1987 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1988 **
1989 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1990 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1991 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1992 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1993 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1994 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1995 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1996 ** exclusively in memory.
1997 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1998 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1999 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2000 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2001 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2002 **
2003 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2004 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2005 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2006 ** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2007 ** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2008 ** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2009 ** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2010 ** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2011 ** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2012 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2013 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2014 ** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2015 ** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
2016 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2017 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2018 **
2019 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2020 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2021 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2022 ** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2023 ** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2024 ** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2025 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2026 ** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2027 ** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2028 ** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2029 ** </dl>
2030 */
2031 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
2032 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
2033 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
2034 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2035 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2036 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
2037 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2038 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2039 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
2040 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2041 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2042 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
2043 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
2044 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
2045 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
2046 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
2047 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
2048 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2049 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2050 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2051 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2052 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2053 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2054 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2055 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2056 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2057 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2058 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2059 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2060 
2061 /*
2062 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2063 **
2064 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2065 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2066 **
2067 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2068 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2069 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2070 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2071 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2072 ** is invoked.
2073 **
2074 ** <dl>
2075 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2076 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2077 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
2078 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
2079 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
2080 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2081 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
2082 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2083 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
2084 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
2085 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
2086 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
2087 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
2088 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
2089 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
2090 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2091 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2092 ** when the "current value" returned by
2093 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
2094 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2095 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2096 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
2097 **
2098 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2099 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2100 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2101 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
2102 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2103 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2104 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2105 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2106 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2107 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2108 **
2109 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2110 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2111 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2112 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2113 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2114 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2115 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2116 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2117 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2118 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2119 **
2120 ** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2121 ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2122 ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2123 ** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2124 ** databases.)^ </dd>
2125 **
2126 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2127 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2128 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2129 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2130 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2131 ** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2132 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2133 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2134 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2135 ** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2136 **
2137 ** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2138 ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2139 ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2140 ** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2141 ** databases.)^ </dd>
2142 **
2143 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2144 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2145 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2146 ** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2147 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2148 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2149 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2150 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2151 ** unchanged.
2152 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2153 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2154 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2155 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2156 **
2157 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2158 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2159 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2160 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2161 ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2162 ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2163 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2164 ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2165 ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2166 ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2167 ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2168 ** C-API or the SQL function.
2169 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2170 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2171 ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2172 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2173 ** </dd>
2174 **
2175 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2176 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2177 ** schema.  ^The sole argument is a pointer to a constant UTF8 string
2178 ** which will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite
2179 ** does not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2180 ** must ensure that the argument passed into this DBCONFIG option is unchanged
2181 ** until after the database connection closes.
2182 ** </dd>
2183 **
2184 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2185 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2186 ** <dd> Usually, when a database in wal mode is closed or detached from a
2187 ** database handle, SQLite checks if this will mean that there are now no
2188 ** connections at all to the database. If so, it performs a checkpoint
2189 ** operation before closing the connection. This option may be used to
2190 ** override this behaviour. The first parameter passed to this operation
2191 ** is an integer - positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the
2192 ** default) to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2193 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer
2194 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2195 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2196 ** </dd>
2197 **
2198 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2199 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2200 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2201 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2202 ** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2203 ** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2204 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2205 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2206 ** was used during testing in the lab.
2207 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2208 ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2209 ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2210 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2211 ** following this call.
2212 ** </dd>
2213 **
2214 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2215 ** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2216 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2217 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2218 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2219 ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2220 ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2221 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2222 ** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2223 ** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2224 ** </dd>
2225 **
2226 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2227 ** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2228 ** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2229 ** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2230 ** a badly corrupted database file:
2231 ** <ol>
2232 ** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2233 **      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2234 **      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2235 **      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2236 **      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2237 **      the reset.
2238 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2239 ** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2240 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2241 ** </ol>
2242 ** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2243 ** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to help
2244 ** ensure that it does not happen by accident.
2245 **
2246 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2247 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2248 ** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2249 ** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2250 ** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2251 ** features include but are not limited to the following:
2252 ** <ul>
2253 ** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2254 ** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2255 ** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2256 ** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2257 ** </ul>
2258 ** </dd>
2259 **
2260 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2261 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2262 ** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2263 ** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2264 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2265 ** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2266 ** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2267 ** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2268 ** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2269 ** </dd>
2270 **
2271 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2272 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2273 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2274 ** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2275 ** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2276 ** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2277 ** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2278 ** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2279 ** </dd>
2280 **
2281 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2282 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</td>
2283 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2284 ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2285 ** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2286 ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2287 ** compile-time option.
2288 ** </dd>
2289 **
2290 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2291 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</td>
2292 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2293 ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2294 ** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2295 ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2296 ** compile-time option.
2297 ** </dd>
2298 **
2299 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2300 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</td>
2301 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2302 ** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2303 ** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2304 ** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2305 ** including:
2306 ** <ul>
2307 ** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2308 ** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2309 ** partial indexes, or generated columns
2310 ** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2311 ** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2312 ** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2313 ** </ul>
2314 ** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2315 ** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2316 ** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2317 ** </dd>
2318 **
2319 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2320 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</td>
2321 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2322 ** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2323 ** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2324 ** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2325 ** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2326 ** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2327 ** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2328 ** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2329 ** is now scarcely any need to generated database files that are compatible
2330 ** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2331 ** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2332 ** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2333 ** 3.0.0.
2334 ** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2335 ** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2336 ** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2337 ** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2338 ** either generated columns or decending indexes.
2339 ** </dd>
2340 ** </dl>
2341 */
2342 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2343 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2344 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2345 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2346 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2347 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2348 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2349 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2350 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2351 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2352 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2353 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2354 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2355 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2356 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2357 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2358 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2359 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2360 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1017 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2361 
2362 /*
2363 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2364 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2365 **
2366 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2367 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2368 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2369 */
2370 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2371 
2372 /*
2373 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2374 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2375 **
2376 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2377 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
2378 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2379 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2380 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2381 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2382 ** is another alias for the rowid.
2383 **
2384 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2385 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2386 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2387 ** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2388 ** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2389 ** zero.
2390 **
2391 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2392 ** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2393 ** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2394 **
2395 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2396 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2397 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2398 ** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2399 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2400 ** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2401 ** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2402 ** control to the user.
2403 **
2404 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2405 ** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2406 ** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2407 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2408 **
2409 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2410 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2411 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2412 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2413 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2414 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2415 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2416 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2417 ** the return value of this interface.)^
2418 **
2419 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2420 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2421 **
2422 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2423 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2424 **
2425 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2426 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2427 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2428 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2429 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2430 ** last insert [rowid].
2431 */
2432 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2433 
2434 /*
2435 ** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2436 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2437 **
2438 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2439 ** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2440 ** without inserting a row into the database.
2441 */
2442 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2443 
2444 /*
2445 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2446 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2447 **
2448 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2449 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2450 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2451 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2452 ** returned by this function.
2453 **
2454 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2455 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2456 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2457 **
2458 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2459 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2460 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2461 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2462 ** tables are counted.
2463 **
2464 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2465 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2466 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2467 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2468 **
2469 ** <ul>
2470 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2471 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2472 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2473 **
2474 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2475 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2476 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2477 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2478 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2479 ** </ul>
2480 **
2481 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2482 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2483 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2484 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2485 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2486 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2487 **
2488 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2489 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2490 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2491 **
2492 ** See also:
2493 ** <ul>
2494 ** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2495 ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2496 ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2497 ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2498 ** </ul>
2499 */
2500 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2501 
2502 /*
2503 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2504 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2505 **
2506 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2507 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2508 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2509 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2510 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2511 **
2512 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2513 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2514 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2515 ** are not counted.
2516 **
2517 ** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2518 ** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2519 ** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2520 ** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2521 ** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2522 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2523 **
2524 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2525 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2526 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2527 **
2528 ** See also:
2529 ** <ul>
2530 ** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2531 ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2532 ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2533 ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2534 ** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2535 ** </ul>
2536 */
2537 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2538 
2539 /*
2540 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2541 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2542 **
2543 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2544 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2545 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2546 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2547 ** immediately.
2548 **
2549 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2550 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2551 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2552 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2553 **
2554 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2555 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2556 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2557 **
2558 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2559 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2560 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2561 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2562 **
2563 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2564 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2565 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2566 ** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2567 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2568 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2569 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2570 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2571 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2572 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2573 */
2574 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2575 
2576 /*
2577 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2578 **
2579 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2580 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2581 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2582 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2583 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2584 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2585 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2586 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2587 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2588 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2589 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2590 **
2591 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2592 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2593 **
2594 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2595 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2596 **
2597 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2598 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2599 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2600 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2601 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2602 **
2603 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2604 ** UTF-8 string.
2605 **
2606 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2607 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2608 */
2609 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2610 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2611 
2612 /*
2613 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2614 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2615 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2616 **
2617 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2618 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2619 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2620 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2621 ** or process has the table locked.
2622 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2623 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2624 **
2625 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2626 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2627 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2628 **
2629 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2630 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2631 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2632 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2633 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2634 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2635 ** to the application.
2636 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2637 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2638 **
2639 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2640 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2641 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2642 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2643 ** busy handler.
2644 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2645 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2646 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2647 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2648 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2649 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2650 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2651 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2652 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2653 ** the second process to proceed.
2654 **
2655 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2656 **
2657 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2658 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2659 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2660 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2661 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2662 **
2663 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2664 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2665 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2666 ** result in undefined behavior.
2667 **
2668 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2669 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2670 */
2671 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2672 
2673 /*
2674 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2675 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2676 **
2677 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2678 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2679 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2680 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2681 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2682 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2683 **
2684 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2685 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2686 **
2687 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2688 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2689 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2690 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2691 **
2692 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2693 */
2694 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2695 
2696 /*
2697 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2698 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2699 **
2700 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2701 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2702 **
2703 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2704 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2705 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2706 **
2707 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2708 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2709 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2710 ** and M be the number of columns.
2711 **
2712 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2713 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2714 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2715 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2716 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2717 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2718 **
2719 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2720 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2721 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2722 **
2723 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2724 ** is as follows:
2725 **
2726 ** <blockquote><pre>
2727 **        Name        | Age
2728 **        -----------------------
2729 **        Alice       | 43
2730 **        Bob         | 28
2731 **        Cindy       | 21
2732 ** </pre></blockquote>
2733 **
2734 ** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2735 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2736 ** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2737 **
2738 ** <blockquote><pre>
2739 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2740 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2741 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2742 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2743 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2744 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2745 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2746 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2747 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2748 **
2749 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2750 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2751 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2752 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2753 **
2754 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2755 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2756 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2757 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2758 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2759 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2760 **
2761 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2762 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2763 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2764 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2765 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2766 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2767 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2768 */
2769 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
2770   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2771   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2772   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2773   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2774   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2775   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2776 );
2777 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2778 
2779 /*
2780 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2781 **
2782 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2783 ** from the standard C library.
2784 ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
2785 ** the standard library printf()
2786 ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
2787 ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
2788 **
2789 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2790 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
2791 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2792 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2793 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
2794 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2795 **
2796 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2797 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2798 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2799 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2800 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2801 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2802 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2803 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2804 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2805 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2806 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2807 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2808 **
2809 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2810 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2811 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2812 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2813 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2814 **
2815 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2816 **
2817 ** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
2818 */
2819 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2820 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2821 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2822 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2823 
2824 /*
2825 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2826 **
2827 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2828 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2829 ** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
2830 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2831 **
2832 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2833 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2834 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2835 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2836 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2837 ** a NULL pointer.
2838 **
2839 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2840 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2841 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2842 **
2843 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2844 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2845 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2846 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2847 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2848 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2849 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2850 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2851 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2852 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2853 **
2854 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2855 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2856 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2857 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2858 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2859 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2860 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2861 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2862 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2863 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2864 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2865 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2866 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2867 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2868 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2869 **
2870 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2871 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2872 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2873 **
2874 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2875 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2876 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2877 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2878 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2879 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2880 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2881 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2882 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2883 **
2884 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2885 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2886 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2887 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2888 ** option is used.
2889 **
2890 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2891 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2892 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2893 ** not yet been released.
2894 **
2895 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2896 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2897 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2898 */
2899 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2900 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2901 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2902 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2903 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
2904 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2905 
2906 /*
2907 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2908 **
2909 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2910 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2911 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2912 **
2913 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2914 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2915 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2916 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2917 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2918 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2919 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2920 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2921 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2922 **
2923 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2924 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2925 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2926 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2927 ** prior to the reset.
2928 */
2929 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2930 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2931 
2932 /*
2933 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2934 **
2935 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2936 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2937 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2938 ** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2939 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2940 **
2941 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2942 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2943 **
2944 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2945 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2946 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2947 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2948 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2949 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2950 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2951 ** method.
2952 */
2953 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2954 
2955 /*
2956 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2957 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2958 ** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
2959 **
2960 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2961 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2962 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2963 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2964 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
2965 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
2966 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2967 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2968 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2969 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2970 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2971 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2972 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2973 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2974 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2975 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2976 **
2977 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2978 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2979 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2980 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2981 ** access is denied.
2982 **
2983 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2984 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2985 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2986 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2987 ** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
2988 ** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
2989 ** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
2990 ** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
2991 **
2992 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2993 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2994 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2995 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2996 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2997 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2998 ** columns of a table.
2999 ** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3000 ** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3001 ** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3002 ** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3003 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3004 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3005 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3006 **
3007 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3008 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3009 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3010 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3011 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3012 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3013 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3014 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3015 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3016 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3017 **
3018 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3019 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3020 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3021 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
3022 **
3023 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3024 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3025 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3026 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3027 **
3028 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3029 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3030 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3031 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3032 **
3033 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3034 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3035 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3036 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3037 **
3038 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3039 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3040 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3041 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3042 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3043 */
3044 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3045   sqlite3*,
3046   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3047   void *pUserData
3048 );
3049 
3050 /*
3051 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3052 **
3053 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3054 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3055 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3056 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3057 ** information.
3058 **
3059 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3060 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3061 */
3062 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3063 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3064 
3065 /*
3066 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3067 **
3068 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3069 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3070 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3071 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3072 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3073 **
3074 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3075 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3076 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3077 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3078 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3079 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3080 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3081 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3082 ** top-level SQL code.
3083 */
3084 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3085 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3086 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3087 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3088 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3089 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3090 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3091 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3092 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3093 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3094 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3095 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3096 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3097 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3098 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3099 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3100 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3101 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3102 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3103 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3104 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3105 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3106 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3107 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3108 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3109 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3110 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3111 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3112 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3113 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3114 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3115 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3116 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3117 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3118 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3119 
3120 /*
3121 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
3122 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3123 **
3124 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3125 ** instead of the routines described here.
3126 **
3127 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3128 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3129 **
3130 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3131 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3132 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3133 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3134 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3135 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3136 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3137 **
3138 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3139 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3140 **
3141 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3142 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3143 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3144 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3145 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3146 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3147 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3148 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3149 ** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3150 ** profile callback.
3151 */
3152 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3153    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3154 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3155    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3156 
3157 /*
3158 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3159 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3160 **
3161 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3162 ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3163 ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3164 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3165 ** is one of the following constants.
3166 **
3167 ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3168 **
3169 ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3170 ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3171 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3172 ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3173 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3174 **
3175 ** <dl>
3176 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3177 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3178 ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3179 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3180 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3181 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3182 ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3183 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3184 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3185 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3186 ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3187 **
3188 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3189 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3190 ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3191 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3192 ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
3193 ** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
3194 ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3195 **
3196 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3197 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3198 ** statement generates a single row of result.
3199 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3200 ** X argument is unused.
3201 **
3202 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3203 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3204 ** connection closes.
3205 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3206 ** and the X argument is unused.
3207 ** </dl>
3208 */
3209 #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3210 #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3211 #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3212 #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3213 
3214 /*
3215 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3216 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3217 **
3218 ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3219 ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3220 ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3221 ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3222 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3223 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3224 **
3225 ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
3226 ** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
3227 **
3228 ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3229 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3230 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3231 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3232 **
3233 ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3234 ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3235 ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3236 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3237 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3238 **
3239 ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3240 ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3241 ** are deprecated.
3242 */
3243 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3244   sqlite3*,
3245   unsigned uMask,
3246   int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3247   void *pCtx
3248 );
3249 
3250 /*
3251 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3252 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3253 **
3254 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3255 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3256 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
3257 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
3258 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3259 **
3260 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3261 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3262 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3263 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3264 ** handler is disabled.
3265 **
3266 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3267 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3268 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3269 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3270 ** than 1.
3271 **
3272 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3273 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3274 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3275 **
3276 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3277 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3278 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3279 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3280 **
3281 */
3282 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3283 
3284 /*
3285 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3286 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3287 **
3288 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3289 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3290 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3291 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3292 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3293 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3294 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3295 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3296 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3297 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3298 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3299 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3300 **
3301 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3302 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3303 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3304 **
3305 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3306 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3307 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3308 **
3309 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3310 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3311 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3312 ** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3313 ** three flag combinations:)^
3314 **
3315 ** <dl>
3316 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3317 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
3318 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3319 **
3320 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3321 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
3322 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
3323 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
3324 **
3325 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3326 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3327 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3328 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3329 ** </dl>
3330 **
3331 ** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3332 ** also supported:
3333 **
3334 ** <dl>
3335 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3336 ** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3337 **
3338 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3339 ** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3340 ** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3341 ** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3342 ** </dd>)^
3343 **
3344 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3345 ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3346 ** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3347 ** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3348 ** a different [database connection].
3349 **
3350 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3351 ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3352 ** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3353 ** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3354 ** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3355 ** there is no harm in trying.)
3356 **
3357 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3358 ** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3359 ** the default shared cache setting provided by
3360 ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3361 **
3362 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3363 ** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3364 ** the default shared cache setting provided by
3365 ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3366 **
3367 ** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3368 ** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to be a symbolic link</dd>
3369 ** </dl>)^
3370 **
3371 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3372 ** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3373 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3374 ** then the behavior is undefined.
3375 **
3376 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3377 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3378 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3379 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3380 **
3381 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3382 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3383 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3384 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3385 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3386 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3387 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3388 **
3389 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3390 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3391 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3392 **
3393 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3394 **
3395 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3396 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3397 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3398 ** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3399 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3400 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3401 ** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3402 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3403 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3404 ** information.
3405 **
3406 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3407 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3408 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3409 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3410 ** present, is ignored.
3411 **
3412 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3413 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3414 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3415 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3416 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3417 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3418 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3419 **
3420 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
3421 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3422 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3423 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3424 ** following query parameters:
3425 **
3426 ** <ul>
3427 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3428 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3429 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3430 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3431 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3432 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3433 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3434 **
3435 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3436 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3437 **     an error)^.
3438 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3439 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3440 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3441 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3442 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3443 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3444 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3445 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3446 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3447 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3448 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3449 **
3450 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3451 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3452 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3453 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3454 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3455 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3456 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3457 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3458 **
3459 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3460 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3461 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
3462 **
3463 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3464 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3465 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3466 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3467 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3468 **     processes uses nolock=1.
3469 **
3470 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3471 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3472 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3473 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3474 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3475 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3476 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3477 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3478 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3479 **
3480 ** </ul>
3481 **
3482 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3483 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3484 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3485 ** additional information.
3486 **
3487 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3488 **
3489 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3490 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3491 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3492 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3493 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3494 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3495 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3496 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3497 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3498 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3499 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3500 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3501 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3502 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3503 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3504 **          in URI filenames.
3505 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3506 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3507 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3508 **          default, use a private cache.
3509 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3510 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3511 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3512 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3513 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3514 **          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3515 ** </table>
3516 **
3517 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3518 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3519 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3520 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3521 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3522 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3523 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3524 ** the results are undefined.
3525 **
3526 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3527 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3528 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3529 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3530 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3531 **
3532 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3533 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3534 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3535 **
3536 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3537 */
3538 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
3539   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3540   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3541 );
3542 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
3543   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3544   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3545 );
3546 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
3547   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3548   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3549   int flags,              /* Flags */
3550   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3551 );
3552 
3553 /*
3554 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3555 **
3556 ** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3557 ** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3558 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3559 **
3560 ** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3561 ** as F) must be one of:
3562 ** <ul>
3563 ** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3564 ** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implemention, or
3565 ** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3566 ** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3567 ** </ul>
3568 ** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3569 ** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3570 ** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3571 **
3572 ** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3573 ** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3574 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3575 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3576 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3577 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3578 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3579 **
3580 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3581 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3582 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3583 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3584 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3585 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3586 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3587 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3588 ** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3589 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3590 **
3591 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3592 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3593 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3594 ** zero is returned.
3595 **
3596 ** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3597 ** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3598 ** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3599 ** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
3600 ** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
3601 ** so forth.
3602 **
3603 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3604 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3605 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
3606 ** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
3607 ** and probably undesirable.
3608 **
3609 ** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
3610 ** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
3611 ** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
3612 ** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
3613 ** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
3614 ** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
3615 ** main database file.
3616 **
3617 ** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
3618 */
3619 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3620 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3621 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3622 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(const char *zFilename, int N);
3623 
3624 /*
3625 ** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
3626 **
3627 ** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
3628 ** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
3629 ** and the WAL file.
3630 **
3631 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3632 ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
3633 ** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
3634 **
3635 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3636 ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
3637 ** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
3638 ** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
3639 **
3640 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
3641 ** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
3642 ** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
3643 ** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
3644 ** WAL file.
3645 **
3646 ** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
3647 ** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
3648 ** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
3649 ** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
3650 */
3651 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(const char*);
3652 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(const char*);
3653 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(const char*);
3654 
3655 /*
3656 ** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
3657 **
3658 ** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
3659 ** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
3660 ** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
3661 ** object that represents the main database file.
3662 **
3663 ** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
3664 ** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
3665 ** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
3666 ** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
3667 ** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
3668 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
3669 ** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
3670 ** behavior.
3671 */
3672 SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
3673 
3674 /*
3675 ** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
3676 **
3677 ** These interfces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
3678 ** are not useful outside of that context.
3679 **
3680 ** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
3681 ** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
3682 ** with N URI parameters key/values pairs in the array P.  The result from
3683 ** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
3684 ** is safe to pass to routines like:
3685 ** <ul>
3686 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
3687 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
3688 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
3689 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
3690 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
3691 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
3692 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
3693 ** </ul>
3694 ** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
3695 ** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
3696 ** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3697 **
3698 ** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
3699 ** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
3700 ** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
3701 ** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
3702 ** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
3703 ** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
3704 ** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
3705 **
3706 ** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
3707 ** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
3708 ** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3709 **
3710 ** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
3711 ** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
3712 ** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
3713 ** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
3714 ** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
3715 ** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
3716 ** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
3717 ** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
3718 */
3719 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_create_filename(
3720   const char *zDatabase,
3721   const char *zJournal,
3722   const char *zWal,
3723   int nParam,
3724   const char **azParam
3725 );
3726 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(char*);
3727 
3728 /*
3729 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3730 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3731 **
3732 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3733 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3734 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3735 ** API call.
3736 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3737 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3738 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3739 ** disabled.
3740 **
3741 ** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
3742 ** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
3743 ** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
3744 ** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
3745 ** interfaces are:
3746 **
3747 ** <ul>
3748 ** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
3749 ** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3750 ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
3751 ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
3752 ** </ul>
3753 **
3754 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3755 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3756 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3757 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3758 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3759 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3760 **
3761 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3762 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3763 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3764 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3765 **
3766 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3767 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3768 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3769 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3770 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3771 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3772 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3773 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3774 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3775 **
3776 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3777 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3778 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3779 */
3780 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3781 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3782 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3783 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3784 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
3785 
3786 /*
3787 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3788 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3789 **
3790 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3791 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3792 **
3793 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3794 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3795 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3796 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3797 **
3798 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3799 **
3800 ** <ol>
3801 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3802 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3803 **      interfaces.
3804 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3805 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3806 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3807 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3808 ** </ol>
3809 */
3810 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3811 
3812 /*
3813 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3814 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3815 **
3816 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3817 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3818 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3819 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3820 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3821 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3822 **
3823 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3824 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3825 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3826 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3827 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3828 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3829 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3830 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3831 **
3832 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3833 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3834 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3835 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3836 **
3837 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3838 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3839 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3840 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3841 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3842 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3843 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3844 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3845 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3846 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3847 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3848 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3849 **
3850 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3851 */
3852 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3853 
3854 /*
3855 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3856 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3857 **
3858 ** These constants define various performance limits
3859 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3860 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3861 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3862 **
3863 ** <dl>
3864 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3865 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3866 **
3867 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3868 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3869 **
3870 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3871 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3872 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3873 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3874 **
3875 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3876 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3877 **
3878 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3879 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3880 **
3881 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3882 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3883 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
3884 ** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
3885 ** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
3886 **
3887 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3888 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3889 **
3890 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3891 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3892 **
3893 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3894 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3895 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3896 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3897 **
3898 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3899 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3900 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3901 **
3902 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3903 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3904 **
3905 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3906 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3907 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3908 ** </dl>
3909 */
3910 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3911 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3912 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3913 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3914 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3915 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3916 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3917 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3918 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3919 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3920 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3921 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3922 
3923 /*
3924 ** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
3925 **
3926 ** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
3927 ** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
3928 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
3929 **
3930 ** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
3931 **
3932 ** <dl>
3933 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
3934 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
3935 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
3936 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
3937 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
3938 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
3939 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
3940 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
3941 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
3942 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
3943 **
3944 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
3945 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
3946 ** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
3947 ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
3948 ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
3949 ** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
3950 ** flag.
3951 **
3952 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
3953 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
3954 ** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
3955 ** any virtual tables.
3956 ** </dl>
3957 */
3958 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
3959 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
3960 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
3961 
3962 /*
3963 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3964 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3965 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3966 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3967 **
3968 ** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3969 ** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
3970 ** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
3971 **
3972 ** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
3973 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
3974 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
3975 ** for special purposes.
3976 **
3977 ** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
3978 ** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
3979 ** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
3980 ** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
3981 **
3982 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3983 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3984 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3985 **
3986 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3987 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
3988 ** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
3989 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
3990 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
3991 **
3992 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3993 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3994 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3995 ** statement is generated.
3996 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3997 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3998 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3999 ** the nul-terminator.
4000 **
4001 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4002 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4003 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4004 ** what remains uncompiled.
4005 **
4006 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4007 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4008 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4009 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4010 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4011 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4012 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4013 **
4014 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4015 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4016 **
4017 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4018 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4019 ** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4020 ** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4021 ** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4022 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4023 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4024 ** behave differently in three ways:
4025 **
4026 ** <ol>
4027 ** <li>
4028 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4029 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4030 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4031 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4032 ** </li>
4033 **
4034 ** <li>
4035 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4036 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4037 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4038 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4039 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4040 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4041 ** </li>
4042 **
4043 ** <li>
4044 ** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4045 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4046 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4047 ** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4048 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4049 ** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4050 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4051 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4052 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4053 ** </li>
4054 ** </ol>
4055 **
4056 ** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4057 ** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4058 ** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4059 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4060 ** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4061 */
4062 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
4063   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4064   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4065   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4066   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4067   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4068 );
4069 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4070   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4071   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4072   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4073   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4074   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4075 );
4076 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4077   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4078   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4079   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4080   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4081   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4082   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4083 );
4084 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
4085   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4086   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4087   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4088   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4089   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4090 );
4091 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4092   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4093   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4094   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4095   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4096   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4097 );
4098 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4099   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4100   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4101   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4102   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4103   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4104   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4105 );
4106 
4107 /*
4108 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4109 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4110 **
4111 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4112 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4113 ** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4114 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4115 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4116 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4117 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
4118 ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4119 ** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4120 ** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4121 ** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4122 ** placeholders.
4123 **
4124 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4125 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4126 ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4127 ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4128 ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4129 **
4130 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4131 ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4132 ** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4133 **
4134 ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4135 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4136 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4137 **
4138 ** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4139 ** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4140 ** statement is finalized.
4141 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4142 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
4143 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4144 */
4145 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4146 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4147 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4148 
4149 /*
4150 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4151 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4152 **
4153 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4154 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4155 ** the content of the database file.
4156 **
4157 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4158 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4159 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4160 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4161 ** change the database file through side-effects:
4162 **
4163 ** <blockquote><pre>
4164 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4165 ** </pre></blockquote>
4166 **
4167 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4168 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4169 **
4170 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4171 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4172 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4173 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4174 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4175 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4176 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4177 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4178 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4179 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4180 ** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4181 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4182 */
4183 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4184 
4185 /*
4186 ** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4187 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4188 **
4189 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4190 ** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4191 ** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4192 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4193 ** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4194 */
4195 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4196 
4197 /*
4198 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4199 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4200 **
4201 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4202 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4203 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4204 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4205 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4206 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4207 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4208 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4209 **
4210 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4211 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4212 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4213 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4214 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4215 */
4216 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4217 
4218 /*
4219 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4220 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4221 **
4222 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4223 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4224 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4225 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4226 **
4227 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4228 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4229 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4230 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4231 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4232 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4233 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4234 **
4235 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4236 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4237 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4238 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4239 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4240 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4241 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4242 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4243 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4244 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4245 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4246 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4247 **
4248 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4249 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4250 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4251 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4252 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4253 ** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4254 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4255 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4256 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4257 */
4258 typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4259 
4260 /*
4261 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4262 **
4263 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4264 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4265 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4266 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4267 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4268 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4269 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4270 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4271 */
4272 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4273 
4274 /*
4275 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4276 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4277 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4278 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4279 **
4280 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4281 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
4282 ** templates:
4283 **
4284 ** <ul>
4285 ** <li>  ?
4286 ** <li>  ?NNN
4287 ** <li>  :VVV
4288 ** <li>  @VVV
4289 ** <li>  $VVV
4290 ** </ul>
4291 **
4292 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4293 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4294 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4295 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4296 **
4297 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4298 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4299 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4300 **
4301 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4302 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4303 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4304 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4305 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4306 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4307 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4308 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4309 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4310 **
4311 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4312 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4313 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4314 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4315 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4316 ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4317 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4318 ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4319 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4320 ** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4321 ** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4322 ** otherwise.
4323 **
4324 ** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4325 ** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4326 ** found in first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4327 ** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4328 ** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4329 ** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4330 ** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4331 ** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4332 ** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4333 **
4334 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4335 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4336 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4337 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4338 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
4339 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4340 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4341 ** the behavior is undefined.
4342 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4343 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4344 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
4345 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4346 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occurs at byte offsets less than
4347 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4348 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4349 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4350 **
4351 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
4352 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
4353 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
4354 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to the bind API fails,
4355 ** except the destructor is not called if the third parameter is a NULL
4356 ** pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4357 ** ^If the fifth argument is
4358 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
4359 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
4360 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
4361 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
4362 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
4363 **
4364 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4365 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4366 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4367 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4368 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4369 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4370 ** is undefined.
4371 **
4372 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4373 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4374 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4375 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4376 ** content is later written using
4377 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4378 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4379 **
4380 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4381 ** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4382 ** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4383 ** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4384 ** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4385 ** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4386 ** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4387 ** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4388 **
4389 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4390 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4391 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4392 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4393 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4394 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4395 **
4396 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4397 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4398 **
4399 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4400 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4401 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4402 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4403 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4404 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4405 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4406 **
4407 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4408 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4409 */
4410 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4411 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4412                         void(*)(void*));
4413 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4414 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4415 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4416 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4417 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4418 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4419 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4420                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4421 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4422 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4423 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4424 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4425 
4426 /*
4427 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4428 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4429 **
4430 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4431 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4432 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4433 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4434 ** to the parameters at a later time.
4435 **
4436 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4437 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4438 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4439 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4440 **
4441 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4442 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4443 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4444 */
4445 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4446 
4447 /*
4448 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4449 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4450 **
4451 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4452 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4453 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4454 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4455 ** respectively.
4456 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4457 ** is included as part of the name.)^
4458 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4459 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4460 **
4461 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4462 **
4463 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4464 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4465 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4466 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4467 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4468 **
4469 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4470 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4471 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4472 */
4473 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4474 
4475 /*
4476 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4477 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4478 **
4479 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4480 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4481 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4482 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4483 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4484 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4485 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4486 **
4487 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4488 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4489 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4490 */
4491 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4492 
4493 /*
4494 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4495 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4496 **
4497 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4498 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4499 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4500 */
4501 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4502 
4503 /*
4504 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4505 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4506 **
4507 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4508 ** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4509 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4510 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4511 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4512 ** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4513 ** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
4514 **
4515 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
4516 */
4517 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4518 
4519 /*
4520 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
4521 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4522 **
4523 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
4524 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
4525 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
4526 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
4527 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
4528 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
4529 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
4530 **
4531 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
4532 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4533 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4534 ** or until the next call to
4535 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
4536 **
4537 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
4538 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
4539 ** NULL pointer is returned.
4540 **
4541 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
4542 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
4543 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
4544 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
4545 */
4546 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4547 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
4548 
4549 /*
4550 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
4551 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4552 **
4553 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
4554 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
4555 ** [SELECT] statement.
4556 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
4557 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
4558 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
4559 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
4560 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
4561 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
4562 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
4563 ** or until the same information is requested
4564 ** again in a different encoding.
4565 **
4566 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
4567 ** database, table, and column.
4568 **
4569 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
4570 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
4571 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
4572 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
4573 **
4574 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
4575 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
4576 ** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
4577 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
4578 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
4579 **
4580 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
4581 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
4582 **
4583 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
4584 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
4585 **
4586 ** If two or more threads call one or more
4587 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
4588 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
4589 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
4590 */
4591 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4592 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4593 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4594 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4595 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4596 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4597 
4598 /*
4599 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
4600 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4601 **
4602 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
4603 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
4604 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
4605 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
4606 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
4607 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
4608 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
4609 **
4610 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
4611 **
4612 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
4613 **
4614 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
4615 **
4616 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
4617 **
4618 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
4619 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
4620 **
4621 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
4622 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
4623 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
4624 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
4625 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
4626 ** used to hold those values.
4627 */
4628 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4629 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
4630 
4631 /*
4632 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
4633 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4634 **
4635 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
4636 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
4637 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
4638 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
4639 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
4640 **
4641 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
4642 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
4643 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
4644 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
4645 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
4646 ** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
4647 ** interface will continue to be supported.
4648 **
4649 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4650 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4651 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4652 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4653 **
4654 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4655 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4656 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4657 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4658 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4659 ** continuing.
4660 **
4661 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4662 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4663 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4664 ** machine back to its initial state.
4665 **
4666 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4667 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4668 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4669 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4670 **
4671 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4672 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4673 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4674 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4675 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4676 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4677 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4678 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4679 **
4680 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4681 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4682 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4683 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4684 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4685 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
4686 **
4687 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4688 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4689 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4690 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4691 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4692 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1],
4693 ** sqlite3_step() began
4694 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4695 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4696 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4697 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4698 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4699 **
4700 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4701 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4702 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4703 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4704 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4705 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4706 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4707 ** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
4708 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
4709 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4710 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4711 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
4712 */
4713 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4714 
4715 /*
4716 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4717 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4718 **
4719 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4720 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4721 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4722 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
4723 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4724 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4725 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4726 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4727 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4728 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4729 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4730 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4731 **
4732 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4733 */
4734 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4735 
4736 /*
4737 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4738 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4739 **
4740 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4741 **
4742 ** <ul>
4743 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4744 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4745 ** <li> string
4746 ** <li> BLOB
4747 ** <li> NULL
4748 ** </ul>)^
4749 **
4750 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4751 **
4752 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4753 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4754 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4755 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
4756 */
4757 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4758 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4759 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4760 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
4761 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4762 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
4763 #else
4764 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4765 #endif
4766 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4767 
4768 /*
4769 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4770 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4771 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4772 **
4773 ** <b>Summary:</b>
4774 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
4775 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
4776 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
4777 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
4778 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
4779 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
4780 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
4781 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
4782 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
4783 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
4784 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
4785 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
4786 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
4787 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
4788 ** TEXT in bytes
4789 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
4790 ** datatype of the result
4791 ** </table></blockquote>
4792 **
4793 ** <b>Details:</b>
4794 **
4795 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4796 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4797 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4798 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4799 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4800 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4801 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4802 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4803 **
4804 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4805 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4806 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4807 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4808 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4809 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4810 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4811 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4812 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4813 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4814 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4815 **
4816 ** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
4817 ** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
4818 ** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
4819 ** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
4820 ** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
4821 **
4822 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4823 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4824 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4825 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
4826 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
4827 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
4828 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
4829 ** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
4830 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
4831 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
4832 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4833 ** following a type conversion.
4834 **
4835 ** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4836 ** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
4837 ** of that BLOB or string.
4838 **
4839 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4840 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4841 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4842 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4843 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4844 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4845 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4846 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4847 **
4848 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4849 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4850 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4851 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4852 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4853 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4854 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4855 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4856 **
4857 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4858 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4859 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4860 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4861 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4862 **
4863 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4864 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4865 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4866 **
4867 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4868 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4869 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4870 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4871 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4872 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4873 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4874 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4875 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
4876 ** is normally only useful within the implementation of
4877 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
4878 ** top-level application code.
4879 **
4880 ** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
4881 ** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4882 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4883 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4884 ** that are applied:
4885 **
4886 ** <blockquote>
4887 ** <table border="1">
4888 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4889 **
4890 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4891 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4892 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4893 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4894 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4895 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4896 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4897 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4898 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4899 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4900 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4901 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4902 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4903 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4904 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4905 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4906 ** </table>
4907 ** </blockquote>)^
4908 **
4909 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4910 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4911 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4912 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4913 ** in the following cases:
4914 **
4915 ** <ul>
4916 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4917 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4918 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4919 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4920 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4921 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4922 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4923 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4924 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4925 ** </ul>
4926 **
4927 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4928 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4929 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4930 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4931 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4932 **
4933 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4934 ** in one of the following ways:
4935 **
4936 ** <ul>
4937 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4938 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4939 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4940 ** </ul>
4941 **
4942 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4943 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4944 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4945 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4946 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4947 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4948 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4949 **
4950 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4951 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4952 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4953 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
4954 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4955 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4956 **
4957 ** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
4958 ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
4959 ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
4960 ** errors:
4961 **
4962 ** <ul>
4963 ** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
4964 ** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
4965 ** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
4966 ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
4967 ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4968 ** </ul>
4969 **
4970 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
4971 ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
4972 ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
4973 ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
4974 ** return value is obtained and before any
4975 ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
4976 */
4977 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4978 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4979 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4980 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4981 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4982 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4983 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4984 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4985 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4986 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4987 
4988 /*
4989 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4990 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4991 **
4992 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4993 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4994 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4995 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4996 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4997 ** [extended error code].
4998 **
4999 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5000 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5001 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5002 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5003 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5004 ** completed execution.
5005 **
5006 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5007 **
5008 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5009 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5010 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5011 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5012 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5013 */
5014 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5015 
5016 /*
5017 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5018 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5019 **
5020 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5021 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5022 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5023 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5024 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5025 **
5026 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5027 ** back to the beginning of its program.
5028 **
5029 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5030 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
5031 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
5032 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
5033 **
5034 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5035 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5036 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5037 **
5038 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5039 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5040 */
5041 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5042 
5043 /*
5044 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5045 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5046 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5047 **
5048 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5049 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5050 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5051 ** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5052 ** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5053 ** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5054 ** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5055 ** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5056 ** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5057 **
5058 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5059 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5060 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5061 ** to each database connection separately.
5062 **
5063 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5064 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5065 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5066 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5067 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5068 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5069 **
5070 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5071 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5072 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5073 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5074 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5075 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5076 ** undefined.
5077 **
5078 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5079 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5080 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5081 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5082 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5083 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5084 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5085 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5086 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5087 ** each encoding.
5088 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5089 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5090 **
5091 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5092 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5093 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5094 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5095 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5096 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5097 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5098 **
5099 ** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5100 ** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5101 ** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5102 ** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5103 **
5104 ** <span style="background-color:#ffff90;">
5105 ** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5106 ** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5107 ** used inside of triggers, view, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5108 ** the database schema.  This flags is especially recommended for SQL
5109 ** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5110 ** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5111 ** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5112 ** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5113 ** the database file is opened and read.
5114 ** </span>
5115 **
5116 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5117 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5118 **
5119 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5120 ** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5121 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5122 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5123 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5124 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5125 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5126 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5127 ** callbacks.
5128 **
5129 ** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5130 ** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5131 ** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5132 ** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5133 ** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5134 ** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5135 ** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5136 ** of aggregate window functions are
5137 ** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5138 **
5139 ** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5140 ** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is destructor for
5141 ** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5142 ** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5143 ** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5144 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5145 ** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5146 ** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5147 **
5148 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5149 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5150 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5151 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5152 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5153 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5154 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5155 ** matches the database encoding is a better
5156 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5157 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5158 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5159 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5160 **
5161 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5162 **
5163 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5164 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5165 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5166 ** statement in which the function is running.
5167 */
5168 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
5169   sqlite3 *db,
5170   const char *zFunctionName,
5171   int nArg,
5172   int eTextRep,
5173   void *pApp,
5174   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5175   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5176   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5177 );
5178 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
5179   sqlite3 *db,
5180   const void *zFunctionName,
5181   int nArg,
5182   int eTextRep,
5183   void *pApp,
5184   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5185   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5186   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5187 );
5188 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5189   sqlite3 *db,
5190   const char *zFunctionName,
5191   int nArg,
5192   int eTextRep,
5193   void *pApp,
5194   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5195   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5196   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5197   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5198 );
5199 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5200   sqlite3 *db,
5201   const char *zFunctionName,
5202   int nArg,
5203   int eTextRep,
5204   void *pApp,
5205   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5206   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5207   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5208   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5209   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5210 );
5211 
5212 /*
5213 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5214 **
5215 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5216 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5217 */
5218 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5219 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5220 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5221 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5222 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5223 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5224 
5225 /*
5226 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5227 **
5228 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
5229 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5230 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5231 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5232 **
5233 ** <dl>
5234 ** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5235 ** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5236 ** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5237 ** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5238 ** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5239 ** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5240 ** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5241 ** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5242 ** out of inner loops.
5243 ** </dd>
5244 **
5245 ** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5246 ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5247 ** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5248 ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5249 ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5250 ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flags is a security feature which is recommended
5251 ** for all [application-defined SQL functions], and especially for functions
5252 ** that have side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive
5253 ** information.
5254 ** </dd>
5255 **
5256 ** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5257 ** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5258 ** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5259 ** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5260 ** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5261 ** innocuous function.
5262 ** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5263 ** side effects.
5264 ** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5265 ** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5266 ** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5267 ** <p>Some heightened security settings
5268 ** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5269 ** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5270 ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5271 ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5272 ** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5273 ** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5274 ** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5275 ** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5276 ** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5277 ** </dd>
5278 **
5279 ** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5280 ** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function may call
5281 ** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5282 ** Specifying this flag makes no difference for scalar or aggregate user
5283 ** functions. However, if it is not specified for a user-defined window
5284 ** function, then any sub-types belonging to arguments passed to the window
5285 ** function may be discarded before the window function is called (i.e.
5286 ** sqlite3_value_subtype() will always return 0).
5287 ** </dd>
5288 ** </dl>
5289 */
5290 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5291 #define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5292 #define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5293 #define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5294 
5295 /*
5296 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5297 ** DEPRECATED
5298 **
5299 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5300 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5301 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5302 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5303 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5304 */
5305 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5306 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5307 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5308 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5309 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5310 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5311 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5312                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
5313 #endif
5314 
5315 /*
5316 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5317 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5318 **
5319 ** <b>Summary:</b>
5320 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5321 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5322 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5323 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5324 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5325 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5326 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5327 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5328 ** the native byteorder
5329 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5330 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5331 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5332 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5333 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5334 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5335 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5336 ** TEXT in bytes
5337 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5338 ** datatype of the value
5339 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5340 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5341 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5342 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5343 ** against a virtual table.
5344 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5345 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5346 ** </table></blockquote>
5347 **
5348 ** <b>Details:</b>
5349 **
5350 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5351 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5352 ** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5353 ** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5354 **
5355 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5356 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5357 ** is not threadsafe.
5358 **
5359 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5360 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5361 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5362 **
5363 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5364 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5365 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5366 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5367 **
5368 ** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5369 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5370 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5371 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5372 ** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5373 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5374 **
5375 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5376 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5377 ** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5378 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5379 ** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5380 ** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5381 ** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5382 ** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5383 ** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5384 ** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5385 **
5386 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5387 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5388 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5389 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5390 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5391 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5392 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5393 **
5394 ** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5395 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5396 ** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5397 ** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5398 ** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5399 ** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5400 ** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5401 ** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5402 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5403 ** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5404 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5405 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5406 **
5407 ** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5408 ** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5409 ** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5410 ** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5411 **
5412 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5413 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5414 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5415 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5416 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5417 **
5418 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5419 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5420 **
5421 ** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5422 ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5423 ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5424 ** errors:
5425 **
5426 ** <ul>
5427 ** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5428 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5429 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5430 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5431 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5432 ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5433 ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5434 ** </ul>
5435 **
5436 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5437 ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5438 ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5439 ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5440 ** return value is obtained and before any
5441 ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5442 */
5443 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5444 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5445 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5446 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5447 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5448 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5449 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5450 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5451 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5452 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5453 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5454 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5455 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5456 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5457 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5458 
5459 /*
5460 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
5461 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5462 **
5463 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
5464 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
5465 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
5466 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5467 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
5468 */
5469 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
5470 
5471 /*
5472 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
5473 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5474 **
5475 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5476 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
5477 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
5478 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
5479 ** memory allocation fails.
5480 **
5481 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
5482 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
5483 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
5484 */
5485 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
5486 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
5487 
5488 /*
5489 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
5490 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5491 **
5492 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
5493 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
5494 **
5495 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
5496 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
5497 ** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
5498 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
5499 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
5500 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
5501 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
5502 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
5503 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
5504 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
5505 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
5506 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
5507 **
5508 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
5509 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
5510 ** allocate error occurs.
5511 **
5512 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
5513 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
5514 ** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
5515 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
5516 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
5517 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
5518 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
5519 **
5520 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
5521 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
5522 **
5523 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
5524 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
5525 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
5526 ** function.
5527 **
5528 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5529 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
5530 */
5531 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
5532 
5533 /*
5534 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
5535 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5536 **
5537 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
5538 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
5539 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5540 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5541 ** registered the application defined function.
5542 **
5543 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
5544 ** the application-defined function is running.
5545 */
5546 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
5547 
5548 /*
5549 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
5550 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5551 **
5552 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
5553 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
5554 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
5555 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
5556 ** registered the application defined function.
5557 */
5558 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
5559 
5560 /*
5561 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
5562 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5563 **
5564 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
5565 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
5566 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
5567 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
5568 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
5569 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
5570 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
5571 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
5572 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
5573 ** invocations of the same function.
5574 **
5575 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the metadata
5576 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
5577 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
5578 ** function argument.  ^If there is no metadata
5579 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
5580 ** returns a NULL pointer.
5581 **
5582 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
5583 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
5584 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
5585 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
5586 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
5587 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
5588 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
5589 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
5590 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
5591 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
5592 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
5593 **      SQL statement)^, or
5594 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
5595 **       parameter)^, or
5596 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
5597 **      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
5598 **
5599 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
5600 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
5601 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
5602 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
5603 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
5604 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
5605 **
5606 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
5607 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
5608 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
5609 **
5610 ** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
5611 ** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
5612 ** kinds of function caching behavior.
5613 **
5614 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
5615 ** the SQL function is running.
5616 */
5617 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
5618 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
5619 
5620 
5621 /*
5622 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
5623 **
5624 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
5625 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
5626 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
5627 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
5628 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
5629 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
5630 ** the content before returning.
5631 **
5632 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
5633 ** C++ compilers.
5634 */
5635 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
5636 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
5637 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
5638 
5639 /*
5640 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
5641 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5642 **
5643 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
5644 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
5645 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
5646 ** for additional information.
5647 **
5648 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
5649 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
5650 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
5651 **
5652 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
5653 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
5654 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
5655 ** third parameter.
5656 **
5657 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
5658 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
5659 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
5660 **
5661 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
5662 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
5663 ** by its 2nd argument.
5664 **
5665 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
5666 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
5667 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
5668 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
5669 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
5670 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
5671 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
5672 ** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
5673 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
5674 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
5675 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
5676 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
5677 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
5678 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
5679 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
5680 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
5681 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
5682 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
5683 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
5684 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
5685 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
5686 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
5687 **
5688 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5689 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
5690 **
5691 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
5692 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
5693 **
5694 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
5695 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
5696 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
5697 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
5698 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
5699 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
5700 **
5701 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
5702 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
5703 **
5704 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
5705 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
5706 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
5707 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
5708 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
5709 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
5710 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
5711 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
5712 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
5713 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
5714 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
5715 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5716 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
5717 ** through the first zero character.
5718 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5719 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
5720 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
5721 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
5722 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
5723 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
5724 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
5725 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
5726 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
5727 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5728 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
5729 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
5730 ** finished using that result.
5731 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
5732 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
5733 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
5734 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
5735 ** when it has finished using that result.
5736 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
5737 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
5738 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
5739 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
5740 **
5741 ** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5742 ** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
5743 ** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
5744 ** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
5745 ** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
5746 ** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
5747 ** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
5748 ** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
5749 ** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
5750 ** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
5751 ** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
5752 ** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
5753 **
5754 ** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
5755 ** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
5756 ** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
5757 ** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
5758 ** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
5759 **
5760 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
5761 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
5762 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
5763 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
5764 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
5765 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
5766 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
5767 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
5768 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
5769 **
5770 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
5771 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
5772 ** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
5773 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
5774 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
5775 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
5776 ** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
5777 ** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
5778 ** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
5779 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5780 **
5781 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
5782 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
5783 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
5784 */
5785 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5786 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
5787                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
5788 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
5789 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
5790 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
5791 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
5792 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
5793 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
5794 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
5795 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
5796 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
5797 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
5798 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
5799                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
5800 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
5801 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5802 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
5803 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
5804 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
5805 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
5806 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
5807 
5808 
5809 /*
5810 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
5811 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
5812 **
5813 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
5814 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
5815 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
5816 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
5817 ** higher order bits are discarded.
5818 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
5819 ** in future releases of SQLite.
5820 */
5821 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
5822 
5823 /*
5824 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
5825 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5826 **
5827 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
5828 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
5829 **
5830 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
5831 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
5832 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
5833 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
5834 ** considered to be the same name.
5835 **
5836 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
5837 ** <ul>
5838 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
5839 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
5840 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5841 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
5842 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
5843 ** </ul>)^
5844 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
5845 ** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
5846 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
5847 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
5848 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
5849 ** on an even byte address.
5850 **
5851 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
5852 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
5853 **
5854 ** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
5855 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
5856 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
5857 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
5858 ** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
5859 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
5860 ** that collation is no longer usable.
5861 **
5862 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
5863 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
5864 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
5865 ** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
5866 ** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
5867 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
5868 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
5869 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
5870 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
5871 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
5872 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
5873 ** strings A, B, and C:
5874 **
5875 ** <ol>
5876 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
5877 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
5878 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
5879 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
5880 ** </ol>
5881 **
5882 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
5883 ** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
5884 ** is undefined.
5885 **
5886 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
5887 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
5888 ** the collating function is deleted.
5889 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
5890 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
5891 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
5892 **
5893 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
5894 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
5895 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
5896 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
5897 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
5898 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
5899 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
5900 ** compatibility.
5901 **
5902 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
5903 */
5904 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
5905   sqlite3*,
5906   const char *zName,
5907   int eTextRep,
5908   void *pArg,
5909   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5910 );
5911 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
5912   sqlite3*,
5913   const char *zName,
5914   int eTextRep,
5915   void *pArg,
5916   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
5917   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5918 );
5919 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
5920   sqlite3*,
5921   const void *zName,
5922   int eTextRep,
5923   void *pArg,
5924   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5925 );
5926 
5927 /*
5928 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5929 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5930 **
5931 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5932 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5933 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5934 ** sequence is required.
5935 **
5936 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5937 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5938 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5939 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5940 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5941 **
5942 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5943 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5944 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5945 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5946 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5947 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5948 ** required collation sequence.)^
5949 **
5950 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5951 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5952 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5953 */
5954 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
5955   sqlite3*,
5956   void*,
5957   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5958 );
5959 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5960   sqlite3*,
5961   void*,
5962   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5963 );
5964 
5965 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5966 /*
5967 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5968 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5969 */
5970 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5971   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5972 );
5973 #endif
5974 
5975 /*
5976 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5977 **
5978 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5979 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5980 **
5981 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5982 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5983 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5984 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
5985 **
5986 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5987 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5988 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5989 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5990 ** in the previous paragraphs.
5991 */
5992 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
5993 
5994 /*
5995 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5996 **
5997 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5998 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5999 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6000 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6001 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6002 ** temporary file directory.
6003 **
6004 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6005 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6006 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6007 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6008 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6009 ** be avoided in new projects.
6010 **
6011 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6012 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6013 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6014 ** thread.
6015 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
6016 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6017 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6018 ** thereafter.
6019 **
6020 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6021 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6022 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6023 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6024 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6025 ** using [sqlite3_free].
6026 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6027 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6028 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6029 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6030 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6031 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6032 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6033 ** objects have been destroyed.
6034 **
6035 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6036 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6037 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6038 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6039 **
6040 ** <blockquote><pre>
6041 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6042 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6043 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6044 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6045 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6046 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6047 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6048 ** </pre></blockquote>
6049 */
6050 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6051 
6052 /*
6053 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6054 **
6055 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6056 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6057 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6058 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6059 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6060 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6061 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6062 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6063 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6064 **
6065 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6066 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
6067 **
6068 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6069 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6070 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6071 ** thread.
6072 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
6073 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6074 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6075 ** thereafter.
6076 **
6077 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6078 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6079 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6080 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6081 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6082 ** using [sqlite3_free].
6083 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6084 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6085 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6086 */
6087 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6088 
6089 /*
6090 ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6091 **
6092 ** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6093 ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6094 ** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6095 ** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6096 ** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6097 ** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6098 ** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6099 ** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6100 ** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6101 ** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6102 ** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6103 ** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6104 ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6105 ** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6106 ** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6107 */
6108 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6109   unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6110   void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6111 );
6112 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6113 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6114 
6115 /*
6116 ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6117 **
6118 ** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6119 ** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6120 */
6121 #define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6122 #define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6123 
6124 /*
6125 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6126 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6127 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6128 **
6129 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6130 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6131 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6132 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6133 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6134 **
6135 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6136 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6137 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6138 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6139 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6140 ** an error is to use this function.
6141 **
6142 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6143 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6144 ** is undefined.
6145 */
6146 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6147 
6148 /*
6149 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6150 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6151 **
6152 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6153 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6154 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6155 ** that was the first argument
6156 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6157 ** create the statement in the first place.
6158 */
6159 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6160 
6161 /*
6162 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6163 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6164 **
6165 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6166 ** associated with database N of connection D.
6167 ** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6168 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6169 ** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6170 **
6171 ** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6172 ** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6173 ** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6174 **
6175 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6176 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6177 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6178 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6179 **
6180 ** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6181 ** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6182 ** <ul>
6183 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6184 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6185 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6186 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6187 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6188 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6189 ** </ul>
6190 */
6191 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6192 
6193 /*
6194 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6195 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6196 **
6197 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6198 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6199 ** the name of a database on connection D.
6200 */
6201 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6202 
6203 /*
6204 ** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6205 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6206 **
6207 ** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6208 ** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6209 ** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6210 ** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6211 ** <ol>
6212 ** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6213 ** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6214 ** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6215 ** </ol>
6216 ** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6217 ** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6218 */
6219 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6220 
6221 /*
6222 ** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from [sqlite3_txn_state()]
6223 ** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6224 **
6225 ** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6226 ** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6227 ** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6228 ** in [database connection] D.
6229 **
6230 ** <dl>
6231 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6232 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6233 ** pending.</dd>
6234 **
6235 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6236 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6237 ** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6238 ** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6239 ** will advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6240 ** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6241 ** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6242 ** [COMMIT].</dd>
6243 **
6244 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6245 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6246 ** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6247 ** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6248 ** to SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6249 */
6250 #define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6251 #define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6252 #define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6253 
6254 /*
6255 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6256 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6257 **
6258 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6259 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6260 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6261 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6262 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6263 **
6264 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6265 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6266 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6267 */
6268 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6269 
6270 /*
6271 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6272 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6273 **
6274 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6275 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6276 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6277 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6278 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6279 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6280 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6281 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6282 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6283 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6284 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6285 **
6286 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6287 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6288 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6289 ** the first call for each function on D.
6290 **
6291 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6292 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6293 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6294 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6295 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6296 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
6297 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6298 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6299 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6300 **
6301 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6302 **
6303 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6304 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6305 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6306 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6307 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6308 **
6309 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6310 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6311 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6312 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6313 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6314 **
6315 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6316 */
6317 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6318 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6319 
6320 /*
6321 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
6322 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6323 **
6324 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
6325 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
6326 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
6327 ** a [rowid table].
6328 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
6329 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6330 **
6331 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
6332 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
6333 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
6334 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
6335 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
6336 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
6337 ** to be invoked.
6338 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
6339 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
6340 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
6341 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
6342 **
6343 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
6344 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
6345 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
6346 **
6347 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
6348 ** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
6349 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
6350 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
6351 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
6352 ** release of SQLite.
6353 **
6354 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
6355 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
6356 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6357 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
6358 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
6359 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6360 **
6361 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
6362 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
6363 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6364 ** the first call on D.
6365 **
6366 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
6367 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
6368 */
6369 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
6370   sqlite3*,
6371   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
6372   void*
6373 );
6374 
6375 /*
6376 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
6377 **
6378 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
6379 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
6380 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
6381 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
6382 **
6383 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
6384 ** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
6385 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
6386 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
6387 **
6388 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
6389 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
6390 ** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
6391 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
6392 **
6393 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
6394 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
6395 **
6396 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
6397 ** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
6398 ** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
6399 ** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
6400 ** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
6401 ** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
6402 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
6403 **
6404 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
6405 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
6406 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
6407 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
6408 **
6409 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
6410 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
6411 **
6412 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
6413 */
6414 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
6415 
6416 /*
6417 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
6418 **
6419 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
6420 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
6421 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
6422 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
6423 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
6424 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
6425 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
6426 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
6427 **
6428 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
6429 */
6430 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
6431 
6432 /*
6433 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
6434 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6435 **
6436 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
6437 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
6438 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
6439 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
6440 ** omitted.
6441 **
6442 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
6443 */
6444 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
6445 
6446 /*
6447 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
6448 **
6449 ** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
6450 ** by all database connections within a single process.
6451 **
6452 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
6453 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
6454 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
6455 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
6456 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
6457 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
6458 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
6459 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
6460 ** is advisory only.
6461 **
6462 ** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
6463 ** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
6464 ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
6465 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
6466 ** when the hard heap limit is reached.
6467 **
6468 ** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
6469 ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
6470 ** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
6471 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
6472 ** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
6473 ** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
6474 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
6475 **
6476 ** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
6477 **
6478 ** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
6479 ** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
6480 ** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
6481 ** the the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
6482 ** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
6483 ** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
6484 ** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
6485 ** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
6486 ** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
6487 ** hard heap limit.
6488 **
6489 ** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
6490 ** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
6491 **
6492 ** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
6493 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
6494 **
6495 ** <ul>
6496 ** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
6497 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
6498 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
6499 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
6500 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
6501 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
6502 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
6503 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
6504 **      from the heap.
6505 ** </ul>)^
6506 **
6507 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
6508 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
6509 */
6510 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6511 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
6512 
6513 /*
6514 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
6515 ** DEPRECATED
6516 **
6517 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
6518 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
6519 ** only.  All new applications should use the
6520 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
6521 */
6522 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
6523 
6524 
6525 /*
6526 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
6527 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6528 **
6529 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
6530 ** information about column C of table T in database D
6531 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
6532 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
6533 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
6534 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
6535 ** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
6536 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
6537 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
6538 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
6539 ** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
6540 ** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
6541 ** undefined behavior.
6542 **
6543 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
6544 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
6545 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
6546 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
6547 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
6548 ** resolve unqualified table references.
6549 **
6550 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
6551 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
6552 **
6553 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
6554 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
6555 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
6556 **
6557 ** ^(<blockquote>
6558 ** <table border="1">
6559 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
6560 **
6561 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
6562 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
6563 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
6564 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
6565 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
6566 ** </table>
6567 ** </blockquote>)^
6568 **
6569 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
6570 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
6571 ** call to any SQLite API function.
6572 **
6573 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
6574 **
6575 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
6576 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
6577 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
6578 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
6579 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
6580 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
6581 **
6582 ** <pre>
6583 **     data type: "INTEGER"
6584 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
6585 **     not null: 0
6586 **     primary key: 1
6587 **     auto increment: 0
6588 ** </pre>)^
6589 **
6590 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
6591 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
6592 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
6593 */
6594 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
6595   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
6596   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
6597   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
6598   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
6599   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
6600   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
6601   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
6602   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
6603   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
6604 );
6605 
6606 /*
6607 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
6608 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6609 **
6610 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
6611 **
6612 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
6613 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
6614 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
6615 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
6616 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
6617 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
6618 ** be tried also.
6619 **
6620 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
6621 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
6622 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
6623 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
6624 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
6625 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
6626 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
6627 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
6628 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
6629 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
6630 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
6631 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
6632 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
6633 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
6634 **
6635 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
6636 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
6637 ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
6638 ** prior to calling this API,
6639 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
6640 **
6641 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
6642 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
6643 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
6644 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
6645 ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6646 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
6647 **
6648 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
6649 */
6650 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
6651   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
6652   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
6653   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
6654   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
6655 );
6656 
6657 /*
6658 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
6659 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6660 **
6661 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
6662 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
6663 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
6664 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
6665 **
6666 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
6667 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
6668 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
6669 ** it back off again.
6670 **
6671 ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
6672 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
6673 ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
6674 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
6675 **
6676 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
6677 ** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
6678 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
6679 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
6680 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
6681 */
6682 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
6683 
6684 /*
6685 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
6686 **
6687 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
6688 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
6689 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
6690 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
6691 **
6692 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
6693 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
6694 ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
6695 ** entry point where as follows:
6696 **
6697 ** <blockquote><pre>
6698 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
6699 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
6700 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
6701 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
6702 ** &nbsp;  );
6703 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
6704 **
6705 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
6706 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
6707 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
6708 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
6709 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
6710 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
6711 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
6712 **
6713 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
6714 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
6715 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
6716 **
6717 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
6718 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
6719 */
6720 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6721 
6722 /*
6723 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
6724 **
6725 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
6726 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
6727 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
6728 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
6729 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
6730 ** routines.
6731 */
6732 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
6733 
6734 /*
6735 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
6736 **
6737 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
6738 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
6739 */
6740 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
6741 
6742 /*
6743 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
6744 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6745 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6746 **
6747 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6748 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6749 */
6750 
6751 /*
6752 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
6753 */
6754 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
6755 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
6756 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
6757 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
6758 
6759 /*
6760 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
6761 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
6762 **
6763 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
6764 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
6765 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
6766 **
6767 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
6768 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
6769 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
6770 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
6771 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
6772 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
6773 ** any database connection.
6774 */
6775 struct sqlite3_module {
6776   int iVersion;
6777   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6778                int argc, const char *const*argv,
6779                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6780   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
6781                int argc, const char *const*argv,
6782                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
6783   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
6784   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6785   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6786   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
6787   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6788   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
6789                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
6790   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6791   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
6792   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
6793   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
6794   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
6795   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6796   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6797   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6798   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
6799   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
6800                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
6801                        void **ppArg);
6802   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
6803   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
6804   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
6805   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6806   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6807   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
6808   /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
6809   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
6810   int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
6811 };
6812 
6813 /*
6814 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
6815 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
6816 **
6817 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
6818 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
6819 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
6820 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
6821 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
6822 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
6823 **
6824 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
6825 **
6826 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
6827 **
6828 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
6829 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
6830 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
6831 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
6832 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
6833 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
6834 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
6835 **
6836 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
6837 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
6838 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
6839 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
6840 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
6841 **
6842 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
6843 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
6844 **
6845 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
6846 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
6847 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
6848 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
6849 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
6850 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
6851 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
6852 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
6853 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
6854 ** non-zero.
6855 **
6856 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
6857 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
6858 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
6859 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
6860 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
6861 ** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
6862 ** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
6863 ** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
6864 ** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
6865 ** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
6866 ** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
6867 ** not be checked again using byte code.)^
6868 **
6869 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
6870 ** [xFilter] method.
6871 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
6872 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
6873 **
6874 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
6875 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
6876 ** sorting step is required.
6877 **
6878 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
6879 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
6880 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
6881 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
6882 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
6883 **
6884 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
6885 ** will be returned by the strategy.
6886 **
6887 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
6888 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
6889 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
6890 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
6891 **
6892 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
6893 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
6894 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
6895 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
6896 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
6897 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
6898 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
6899 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
6900 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
6901 **
6902 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
6903 ** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
6904 ** If a virtual table extension is
6905 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
6906 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
6907 ** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
6908 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
6909 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
6910 ** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
6911 ** It may therefore only be used if
6912 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
6913 ** 3009000.
6914 */
6915 struct sqlite3_index_info {
6916   /* Inputs */
6917   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
6918   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
6919      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
6920      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
6921      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
6922      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
6923   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
6924   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
6925   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
6926      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
6927      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
6928   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
6929   /* Outputs */
6930   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
6931     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
6932     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
6933   } *aConstraintUsage;
6934   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
6935   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
6936   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
6937   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
6938   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
6939   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
6940   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
6941   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
6942   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
6943   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
6944   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
6945 };
6946 
6947 /*
6948 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
6949 **
6950 ** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
6951 ** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
6952 ** these bits.
6953 */
6954 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
6955 
6956 /*
6957 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
6958 **
6959 ** These macros define the allowed values for the
6960 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
6961 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
6962 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
6963 */
6964 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
6965 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
6966 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
6967 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
6968 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
6969 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
6970 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
6971 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
6972 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
6973 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
6974 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
6975 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
6976 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
6977 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
6978 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION 150
6979 
6980 /*
6981 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
6982 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6983 **
6984 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
6985 ** ^Module names must be registered before
6986 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
6987 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
6988 **
6989 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
6990 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
6991 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
6992 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
6993 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
6994 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
6995 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
6996 **
6997 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
6998 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
6999 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7000 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7001 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7002 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7003 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7004 ** destructor.
7005 **
7006 ** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7007 ** NULL then no new module is create and any existing modules with the
7008 ** same name are dropped.
7009 **
7010 ** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7011 */
7012 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
7013   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7014   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7015   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7016   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7017 );
7018 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7019   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7020   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7021   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7022   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7023   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7024 );
7025 
7026 /*
7027 ** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7028 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7029 **
7030 ** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7031 ** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7032 ** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7033 ** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7034 ** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7035 **
7036 ** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7037 */
7038 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7039   sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7040   const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7041 );
7042 
7043 /*
7044 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7045 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7046 **
7047 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7048 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
7049 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7050 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7051 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7052 ** common to all module implementations.
7053 **
7054 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7055 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7056 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7057 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7058 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7059 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7060 */
7061 struct sqlite3_vtab {
7062   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7063   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7064   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7065   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7066 };
7067 
7068 /*
7069 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7070 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7071 **
7072 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7073 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7074 ** [virtual table] and are used
7075 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7076 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7077 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7078 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7079 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7080 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7081 **
7082 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7083 ** are common to all implementations.
7084 */
7085 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7086   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7087   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7088 };
7089 
7090 /*
7091 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7092 **
7093 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7094 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
7095 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7096 ** the virtual tables they implement.
7097 */
7098 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7099 
7100 /*
7101 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7102 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7103 **
7104 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7105 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7106 ** But global versions of those functions
7107 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7108 **
7109 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7110 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7111 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7112 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7113 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7114 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7115 ** by a [virtual table].
7116 */
7117 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7118 
7119 /*
7120 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
7121 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
7122 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
7123 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
7124 **
7125 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
7126 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
7127 */
7128 
7129 /*
7130 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7131 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7132 **
7133 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7134 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7135 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7136 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7137 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7138 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7139 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7140 */
7141 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7142 
7143 /*
7144 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7145 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7146 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7147 **
7148 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7149 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7150 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7151 **
7152 ** <pre>
7153 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7154 ** </pre>)^
7155 **
7156 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7157 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7158 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7159 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7160 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7161 **
7162 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7163 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7164 ** read-only access.
7165 **
7166 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7167 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7168 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7169 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7170 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
7171 **
7172 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7173 ** <ul>
7174 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7175 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7176 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7177 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7178 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7179 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7180 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7181 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7182 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7183 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7184 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7185 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
7186 ** </ul>
7187 **
7188 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7189 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7190 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7191 **
7192 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7193 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7194 ** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7195 ** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7196 ** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7197 ** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7198 **
7199 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7200 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7201 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7202 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7203 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7204 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7205 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7206 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7207 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7208 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7209 **
7210 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7211 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7212 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7213 ** blob.
7214 **
7215 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7216 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7217 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7218 **
7219 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7220 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7221 **
7222 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7223 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7224 ** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7225 */
7226 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
7227   sqlite3*,
7228   const char *zDb,
7229   const char *zTable,
7230   const char *zColumn,
7231   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
7232   int flags,
7233   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
7234 );
7235 
7236 /*
7237 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
7238 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7239 **
7240 ** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
7241 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
7242 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
7243 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
7244 ** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
7245 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
7246 **
7247 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
7248 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
7249 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
7250 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
7251 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
7252 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
7253 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
7254 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
7255 ** always returns zero.
7256 **
7257 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
7258 */
7259 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
7260 
7261 /*
7262 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
7263 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7264 **
7265 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
7266 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
7267 ** handle is still closed.)^
7268 **
7269 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
7270 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
7271 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
7272 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
7273 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
7274 **
7275 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
7276 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
7277 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
7278 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
7279 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
7280 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
7281 */
7282 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
7283 
7284 /*
7285 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
7286 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7287 **
7288 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
7289 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
7290 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
7291 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
7292 **
7293 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7294 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7295 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7296 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7297 */
7298 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
7299 
7300 /*
7301 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
7302 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7303 **
7304 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
7305 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
7306 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7307 **
7308 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7309 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
7310 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
7311 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
7312 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
7313 **
7314 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7315 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7316 **
7317 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
7318 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7319 **
7320 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7321 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7322 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7323 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7324 **
7325 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
7326 */
7327 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
7328 
7329 /*
7330 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
7331 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
7332 **
7333 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
7334 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
7335 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
7336 **
7337 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
7338 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
7339 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
7340 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7341 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7342 **
7343 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
7344 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
7345 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
7346 **
7347 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
7348 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
7349 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
7350 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
7351 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
7352 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
7353 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
7354 **
7355 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
7356 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
7357 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
7358 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
7359 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
7360 ** or by other independent statements.
7361 **
7362 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
7363 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
7364 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
7365 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
7366 **
7367 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
7368 */
7369 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
7370 
7371 /*
7372 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
7373 **
7374 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
7375 ** that SQLite uses to interact
7376 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
7377 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
7378 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
7379 ** The following interfaces are provided.
7380 **
7381 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
7382 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
7383 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
7384 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
7385 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
7386 **
7387 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
7388 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
7389 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
7390 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
7391 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
7392 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
7393 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
7394 ** then the behavior is undefined.
7395 **
7396 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
7397 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
7398 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
7399 */
7400 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
7401 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
7402 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
7403 
7404 /*
7405 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
7406 **
7407 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
7408 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
7409 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
7410 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
7411 **
7412 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
7413 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
7414 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
7415 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
7416 **
7417 ** <ul>
7418 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
7419 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
7420 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
7421 ** </ul>
7422 **
7423 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
7424 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
7425 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
7426 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
7427 ** and Windows.
7428 **
7429 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
7430 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
7431 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
7432 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
7433 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
7434 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
7435 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
7436 **
7437 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
7438 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7439 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
7440 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
7441 ** integer constants:
7442 **
7443 ** <ul>
7444 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7445 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7446 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
7447 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
7448 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
7449 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
7450 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
7451 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
7452 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
7453 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
7454 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
7455 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
7456 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
7457 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
7458 ** </ul>
7459 **
7460 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
7461 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
7462 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
7463 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
7464 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
7465 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
7466 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
7467 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
7468 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
7469 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
7470 **
7471 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
7472 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
7473 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
7474 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
7475 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
7476 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
7477 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
7478 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
7479 **
7480 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
7481 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
7482 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
7483 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
7484 ** the same type number.
7485 **
7486 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
7487 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
7488 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
7489 **
7490 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
7491 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
7492 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
7493 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
7494 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
7495 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
7496 ** In such cases, the
7497 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
7498 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
7499 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
7500 **
7501 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
7502 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
7503 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
7504 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
7505 ** behavior.)^
7506 **
7507 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
7508 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
7509 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
7510 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
7511 **
7512 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
7513 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
7514 ** behave as no-ops.
7515 **
7516 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
7517 */
7518 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
7519 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
7520 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
7521 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
7522 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
7523 
7524 /*
7525 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
7526 **
7527 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
7528 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
7529 **
7530 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
7531 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
7532 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
7533 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
7534 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
7535 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
7536 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
7537 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
7538 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
7539 **
7540 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
7541 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
7542 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
7543 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
7544 **
7545 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
7546 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
7547 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
7548 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
7549 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
7550 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7551 **
7552 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
7553 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
7554 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
7555 **
7556 ** <ul>
7557 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
7558 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
7559 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
7560 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
7561 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
7562 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
7563 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
7564 ** </ul>)^
7565 **
7566 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
7567 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
7568 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
7569 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
7570 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
7571 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
7572 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
7573 **
7574 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
7575 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
7576 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
7577 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
7578 **
7579 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
7580 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
7581 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
7582 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
7583 **
7584 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
7585 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
7586 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
7587 ** prior to returning.
7588 */
7589 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
7590 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
7591   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
7592   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
7593   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
7594   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7595   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7596   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7597   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7598   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7599   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
7600 };
7601 
7602 /*
7603 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
7604 **
7605 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
7606 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
7607 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
7608 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
7609 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
7610 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
7611 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
7612 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
7613 **
7614 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
7615 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
7616 **
7617 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
7618 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
7619 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
7620 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
7621 **
7622 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
7623 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
7624 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
7625 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
7626 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
7627 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
7628 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
7629 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
7630 */
7631 #ifndef NDEBUG
7632 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
7633 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
7634 #endif
7635 
7636 /*
7637 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
7638 **
7639 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
7640 ** which is one of these integer constants.
7641 **
7642 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
7643 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
7644 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
7645 */
7646 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
7647 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
7648 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
7649 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
7650 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
7651 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
7652 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
7653 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
7654 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
7655 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
7656 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
7657 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
7658 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
7659 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
7660 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
7661 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
7662 
7663 /* Legacy compatibility: */
7664 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
7665 
7666 
7667 /*
7668 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
7669 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7670 **
7671 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
7672 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
7673 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
7674 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
7675 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
7676 */
7677 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
7678 
7679 /*
7680 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
7681 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7682 ** KEYWORDS: {file control}
7683 **
7684 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
7685 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
7686 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
7687 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
7688 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
7689 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
7690 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
7691 ** main database file.
7692 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
7693 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
7694 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
7695 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
7696 **
7697 ** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
7698 ** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
7699 ** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
7700 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
7701 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
7702 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
7703 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
7704 ** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
7705 ** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
7706 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
7707 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
7708 ** from the pager.
7709 **
7710 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
7711 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
7712 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
7713 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
7714 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
7715 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
7716 ** xFileControl method.
7717 **
7718 ** See also: [file control opcodes]
7719 */
7720 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
7721 
7722 /*
7723 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
7724 **
7725 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
7726 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
7727 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
7728 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
7729 **
7730 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
7731 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
7732 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
7733 **
7734 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
7735 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
7736 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
7737 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
7738 */
7739 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
7740 
7741 /*
7742 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
7743 **
7744 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
7745 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
7746 **
7747 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
7748 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
7749 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
7750 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
7751 */
7752 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
7753 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
7754 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
7755 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
7756 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
7757 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
7758 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
7759 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
7760 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
7761 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
7762 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
7763 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
7764 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
7765 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
7766 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
7767 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
7768 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
7769 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
7770 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
7771 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
7772 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
7773 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
7774 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
7775 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
7776 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
7777 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
7778 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
7779 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
7780 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
7781 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
7782 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    31  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
7783 
7784 /*
7785 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
7786 **
7787 ** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
7788 ** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can uses these routines to determine
7789 ** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
7790 ** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
7791 **
7792 ** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
7793 ** keywords understood by SQLite.
7794 **
7795 ** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the N-th keyword and
7796 ** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
7797 ** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
7798 ** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
7799 ** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
7800 ** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
7801 ** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
7802 **
7803 ** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
7804 ** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
7805 ** if it is and zero if not.
7806 **
7807 ** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
7808 ** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
7809 ** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
7810 ** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
7811 ** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
7812 ** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
7813 ** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
7814 ** name collisions include:
7815 ** <ul>
7816 ** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
7817 **      SQL way to escape identifier names.
7818 ** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
7819 **      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
7820 **      technique.
7821 ** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
7822 **      with "Z".
7823 ** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
7824 ** </ul>
7825 **
7826 ** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
7827 ** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
7828 ** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
7829 ** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
7830 */
7831 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
7832 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
7833 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
7834 
7835 /*
7836 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
7837 ** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
7838 **
7839 ** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
7840 ** string under construction.
7841 **
7842 ** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
7843 ** <ol>
7844 ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
7845 ** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
7846 ** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
7847 ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
7848 ** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
7849 ** </ol>
7850 */
7851 typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
7852 
7853 /*
7854 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
7855 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7856 **
7857 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
7858 ** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
7859 ** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
7860 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
7861 **
7862 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
7863 ** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
7864 ** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
7865 ** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
7866 ** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
7867 ** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
7868 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
7869 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
7870 ** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
7871 **
7872 ** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
7873 ** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
7874 ** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
7875 ** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
7876 ** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
7877 */
7878 SQLITE_API sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
7879 
7880 /*
7881 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
7882 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
7883 **
7884 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
7885 ** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
7886 ** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
7887 ** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
7888 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
7889 ** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
7890 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
7891 ** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
7892 */
7893 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
7894 
7895 /*
7896 ** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
7897 ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7898 **
7899 ** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
7900 ** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
7901 **
7902 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
7903 ** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
7904 ** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
7905 ** [sqlite3_str] object X.
7906 **
7907 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
7908 ** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
7909 ** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
7910 ** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
7911 ** method instead.
7912 **
7913 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
7914 ** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7915 **
7916 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
7917 ** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
7918 ** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
7919 **
7920 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
7921 ** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
7922 **
7923 ** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
7924 ** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
7925 ** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
7926 */
7927 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
7928 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
7929 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
7930 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
7931 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
7932 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
7933 
7934 /*
7935 ** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
7936 ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
7937 **
7938 ** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
7939 **
7940 ** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
7941 ** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
7942 ** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
7943 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
7944 ** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
7945 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
7946 **
7947 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
7948 ** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
7949 ** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
7950 ** zero-termination byte.
7951 **
7952 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
7953 ** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
7954 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
7955 ** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
7956 ** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not used the pointer returned
7957 ** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
7958 ** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
7959 ** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
7960 ** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
7961 ** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
7962 */
7963 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
7964 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
7965 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
7966 
7967 /*
7968 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
7969 **
7970 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
7971 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
7972 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
7973 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
7974 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
7975 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
7976 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
7977 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
7978 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
7979 ** value.  For those parameters
7980 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
7981 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
7982 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
7983 **
7984 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
7985 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
7986 **
7987 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
7988 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
7989 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
7990 **
7991 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
7992 */
7993 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
7994 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
7995   int op,
7996   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
7997   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
7998   int resetFlag
7999 );
8000 
8001 
8002 /*
8003 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8004 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8005 **
8006 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8007 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8008 **
8009 ** <dl>
8010 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8011 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8012 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8013 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8014 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8015 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8016 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8017 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8018 **
8019 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8020 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8021 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8022 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8023 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8024 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8025 **
8026 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8027 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8028 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8029 **
8030 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8031 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8032 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8033 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8034 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8035 **
8036 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8037 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8038 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8039 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8040 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8041 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8042 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8043 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8044 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8045 **
8046 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8047 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8048 ** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8049 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8050 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8051 **
8052 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8053 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8054 **
8055 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8056 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8057 **
8058 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8059 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8060 **
8061 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8062 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8063 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8064 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8065 ** </dl>
8066 **
8067 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8068 */
8069 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8070 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8071 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8072 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8073 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8074 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8075 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8076 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8077 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8078 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8079 
8080 /*
8081 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8082 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8083 **
8084 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8085 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8086 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8087 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8088 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8089 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8090 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8091 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8092 **
8093 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8094 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8095 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8096 ** reset back down to the current value.
8097 **
8098 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8099 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8100 **
8101 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8102 */
8103 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8104 
8105 /*
8106 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8107 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8108 **
8109 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8110 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8111 **
8112 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8113 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8114 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8115 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8116 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8117 **
8118 ** <dl>
8119 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8120 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8121 ** checked out.</dd>)^
8122 **
8123 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8124 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8125 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8126 ** the current value is always zero.)^
8127 **
8128 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8129 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8130 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8131 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8132 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8133 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8134 ** the current value is always zero.)^
8135 **
8136 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8137 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8138 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
8139 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8140 ** memory already being in use.
8141 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8142 ** the current value is always zero.)^
8143 **
8144 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8145 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8146 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8147 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8148 **
8149 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8150 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8151 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8152 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8153 ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8154 ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8155 ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8156 ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
8157 ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8158 ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8159 ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
8160 **
8161 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8162 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8163 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8164 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8165 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8166 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8167 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8168 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8169 **
8170 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8171 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8172 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8173 ** the database connection.)^
8174 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8175 ** </dd>
8176 **
8177 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8178 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8179 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8180 ** is always 0.
8181 ** </dd>
8182 **
8183 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8184 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8185 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8186 ** is always 0.
8187 ** </dd>
8188 **
8189 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8190 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8191 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8192 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8193 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8194 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8195 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8196 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8197 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8198 ** </dd>
8199 **
8200 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8201 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8202 ** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8203 ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8204 ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8205 ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used help identify
8206 ** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8207 ** </dd>
8208 **
8209 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8210 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8211 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8212 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8213 ** </dd>
8214 ** </dl>
8215 */
8216 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
8217 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
8218 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
8219 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
8220 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
8221 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
8222 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
8223 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
8224 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
8225 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
8226 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
8227 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
8228 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
8229 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
8230 
8231 
8232 /*
8233 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
8234 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8235 **
8236 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
8237 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
8238 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
8239 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
8240 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
8241 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
8242 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
8243 ** an index.
8244 **
8245 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
8246 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
8247 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
8248 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
8249 ** to be interrogated.)^
8250 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
8251 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
8252 ** interface call returns.
8253 **
8254 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
8255 */
8256 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
8257 
8258 /*
8259 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
8260 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
8261 **
8262 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
8263 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
8264 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
8265 **
8266 ** <dl>
8267 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
8268 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
8269 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
8270 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
8271 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
8272 **
8273 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
8274 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
8275 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8276 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
8277 **
8278 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
8279 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
8280 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
8281 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
8282 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
8283 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
8284 **
8285 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
8286 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
8287 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
8288 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
8289 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
8290 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
8291 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
8292 **
8293 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
8294 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
8295 ** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
8296 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
8297 **
8298 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
8299 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
8300 ** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
8301 ** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
8302 ** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
8303 ** cycle.
8304 **
8305 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
8306 ** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
8307 ** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
8308 ** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
8309 ** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
8310 ** </dd>
8311 ** </dl>
8312 */
8313 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
8314 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
8315 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
8316 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
8317 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
8318 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
8319 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
8320 
8321 /*
8322 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8323 **
8324 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
8325 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
8326 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
8327 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
8328 ** to the object.
8329 **
8330 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8331 */
8332 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
8333 
8334 /*
8335 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
8336 **
8337 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
8338 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
8339 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
8340 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
8341 **
8342 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
8343 */
8344 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
8345 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
8346   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
8347   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
8348 };
8349 
8350 /*
8351 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
8352 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
8353 **
8354 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
8355 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
8356 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
8357 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
8358 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
8359 ** By implementing a
8360 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
8361 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
8362 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
8363 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
8364 ** how long.
8365 **
8366 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
8367 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
8368 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
8369 **
8370 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
8371 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
8372 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
8373 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
8374 **
8375 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
8376 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
8377 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
8378 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
8379 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
8380 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
8381 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
8382 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
8383 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
8384 ** page cache.)^
8385 **
8386 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
8387 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8388 ** It can be used to clean up
8389 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
8390 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
8391 **
8392 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
8393 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
8394 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
8395 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
8396 ** in multithreaded applications.
8397 **
8398 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
8399 ** call to xShutdown().
8400 **
8401 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
8402 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
8403 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
8404 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
8405 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
8406 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
8407 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
8408 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
8409 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
8410 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
8411 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
8412 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
8413 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
8414 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
8415 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
8416 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
8417 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
8418 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
8419 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
8420 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
8421 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
8422 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
8423 **
8424 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
8425 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
8426 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
8427 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
8428 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
8429 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
8430 ** value; it is advisory only.
8431 **
8432 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
8433 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
8434 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
8435 **
8436 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
8437 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
8438 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
8439 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
8440 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
8441 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
8442 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
8443 ** for each entry in the page cache.
8444 **
8445 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
8446 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
8447 ** to be "pinned".
8448 **
8449 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
8450 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
8451 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
8452 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
8453 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
8454 **
8455 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
8456 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
8457 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
8458 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
8459 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
8460 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
8461 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
8462 ** </table>
8463 **
8464 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
8465 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
8466 ** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
8467 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
8468 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
8469 **
8470 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
8471 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
8472 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
8473 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
8474 ** ^If the discard parameter is
8475 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
8476 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
8477 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
8478 **
8479 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
8480 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
8481 ** to xFetch().
8482 **
8483 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
8484 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
8485 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
8486 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
8487 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
8488 ** to be pinned.
8489 **
8490 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
8491 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
8492 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
8493 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
8494 ** they can be safely discarded.
8495 **
8496 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
8497 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
8498 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
8499 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
8500 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
8501 ** functions.
8502 **
8503 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
8504 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
8505 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
8506 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
8507 ** do their best.
8508 */
8509 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
8510 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
8511   int iVersion;
8512   void *pArg;
8513   int (*xInit)(void*);
8514   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8515   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
8516   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8517   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8518   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8519   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
8520   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
8521       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8522   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8523   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8524   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8525 };
8526 
8527 /*
8528 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
8529 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
8530 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
8531 */
8532 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
8533 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
8534   void *pArg;
8535   int (*xInit)(void*);
8536   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
8537   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
8538   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
8539   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8540   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
8541   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
8542   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
8543   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
8544   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
8545 };
8546 
8547 
8548 /*
8549 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
8550 **
8551 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
8552 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
8553 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
8554 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
8555 **
8556 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8557 */
8558 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
8559 
8560 /*
8561 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
8562 **
8563 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
8564 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
8565 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
8566 **
8567 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
8568 **
8569 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
8570 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
8571 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
8572 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
8573 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
8574 ** preventing other database connections from
8575 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
8576 **
8577 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
8578 **   <ol>
8579 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
8580 **         backup,
8581 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
8582 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
8583 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
8584 **         associated with the backup operation.
8585 **   </ol>)^
8586 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
8587 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
8588 **
8589 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
8590 **
8591 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
8592 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
8593 ** and the database name, respectively.
8594 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
8595 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
8596 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
8597 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
8598 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
8599 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
8600 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
8601 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
8602 ** an error.
8603 **
8604 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
8605 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
8606 ** destination database.
8607 **
8608 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
8609 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
8610 ** destination [database connection] D.
8611 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
8612 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
8613 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
8614 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
8615 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
8616 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
8617 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
8618 ** operation.
8619 **
8620 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
8621 **
8622 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
8623 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
8624 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
8625 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
8626 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
8627 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
8628 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
8629 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
8630 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
8631 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
8632 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
8633 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
8634 **
8635 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
8636 ** <ol>
8637 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
8638 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
8639 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
8640 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
8641 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
8642 ** </ol>)^
8643 **
8644 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
8645 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
8646 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
8647 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
8648 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
8649 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
8650 ** [database connection]
8651 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
8652 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
8653 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
8654 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
8655 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
8656 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
8657 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
8658 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
8659 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
8660 **
8661 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
8662 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
8663 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
8664 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
8665 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
8666 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
8667 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
8668 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
8669 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
8670 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
8671 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
8672 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
8673 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
8674 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
8675 ** updated at the same time.
8676 **
8677 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
8678 **
8679 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
8680 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
8681 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8682 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
8683 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
8684 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
8685 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
8686 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
8687 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
8688 **
8689 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
8690 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
8691 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
8692 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
8693 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
8694 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
8695 **
8696 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
8697 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
8698 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
8699 **
8700 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
8701 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
8702 **
8703 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
8704 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
8705 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
8706 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
8707 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
8708 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
8709 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
8710 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
8711 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8712 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
8713 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
8714 **
8715 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
8716 **
8717 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
8718 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
8719 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
8720 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
8721 ** from within other threads.
8722 **
8723 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
8724 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
8725 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
8726 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
8727 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
8728 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
8729 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
8730 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
8731 **
8732 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
8733 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
8734 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
8735 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
8736 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
8737 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
8738 **
8739 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
8740 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
8741 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
8742 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
8743 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
8744 ** possible that they return invalid values.
8745 */
8746 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
8747   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
8748   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
8749   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
8750   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
8751 );
8752 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
8753 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
8754 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
8755 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
8756 
8757 /*
8758 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
8759 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8760 **
8761 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
8762 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
8763 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
8764 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
8765 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
8766 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
8767 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
8768 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
8769 **
8770 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
8771 **
8772 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
8773 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
8774 **
8775 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
8776 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
8777 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
8778 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
8779 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
8780 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
8781 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
8782 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
8783 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
8784 ** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
8785 **
8786 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
8787 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
8788 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
8789 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
8790 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
8791 **
8792 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
8793 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
8794 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
8795 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
8796 **
8797 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
8798 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
8799 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
8800 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
8801 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
8802 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
8803 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
8804 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
8805 **
8806 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
8807 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
8808 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
8809 **
8810 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
8811 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
8812 **
8813 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
8814 **
8815 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
8816 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
8817 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
8818 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
8819 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
8820 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
8821 **
8822 ** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
8823 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
8824 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
8825 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
8826 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
8827 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
8828 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
8829 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
8830 **
8831 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
8832 **
8833 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
8834 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
8835 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
8836 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
8837 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
8838 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
8839 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
8840 **
8841 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
8842 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
8843 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
8844 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
8845 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
8846 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
8847 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
8848 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
8849 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
8850 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
8851 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
8852 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
8853 **
8854 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
8855 **
8856 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
8857 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
8858 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
8859 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
8860 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
8861 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
8862 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
8863 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
8864 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
8865 **
8866 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
8867 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
8868 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
8869 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
8870 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
8871 */
8872 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
8873   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
8874   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
8875   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
8876 );
8877 
8878 
8879 /*
8880 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
8881 **
8882 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
8883 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
8884 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
8885 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
8886 */
8887 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
8888 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
8889 
8890 /*
8891 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
8892 *
8893 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
8894 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
8895 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
8896 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
8897 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
8898 ** is case sensitive.
8899 **
8900 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8901 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8902 **
8903 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
8904 */
8905 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
8906 
8907 /*
8908 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
8909 *
8910 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
8911 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
8912 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
8913 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
8914 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
8915 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
8916 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
8917 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
8918 ** one another.
8919 **
8920 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
8921 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
8922 **
8923 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
8924 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
8925 **
8926 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
8927 */
8928 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
8929 
8930 /*
8931 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
8932 **
8933 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
8934 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
8935 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
8936 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
8937 **
8938 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
8939 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
8940 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
8941 ** is considered bad form.
8942 **
8943 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
8944 **
8945 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
8946 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
8947 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
8948 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
8949 ** buffer.
8950 */
8951 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
8952 
8953 /*
8954 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
8955 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8956 **
8957 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
8958 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
8959 **
8960 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
8961 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
8962 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
8963 **
8964 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
8965 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
8966 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
8967 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
8968 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
8969 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
8970 ** including those that were just committed.
8971 **
8972 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
8973 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
8974 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
8975 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
8976 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
8977 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
8978 ** are undefined.
8979 **
8980 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
8981 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
8982 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
8983 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
8984 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
8985 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
8986 */
8987 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
8988   sqlite3*,
8989   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
8990   void*
8991 );
8992 
8993 /*
8994 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
8995 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8996 **
8997 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
8998 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
8999 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
9000 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9001 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9002 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9003 ** checkpoints entirely.
9004 **
9005 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9006 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9007 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9008 ** configured by this function.
9009 **
9010 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9011 ** from SQL.
9012 **
9013 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9014 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9015 **
9016 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9017 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9018 ** pages.  The use of this interface
9019 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9020 ** for a particular application.
9021 */
9022 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9023 
9024 /*
9025 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9026 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9027 **
9028 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9029 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9030 **
9031 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9032 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9033 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9034 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9035 ** information.
9036 **
9037 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9038 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9039 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9040 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9041 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9042 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9043 */
9044 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9045 
9046 /*
9047 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9048 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9049 **
9050 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9051 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9052 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9053 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9054 **
9055 ** <dl>
9056 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9057 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9058 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9059 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9060 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9061 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9062 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9063 **
9064 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9065 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9066 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9067 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9068 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9069 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9070 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9071 **
9072 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9073 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9074 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9075 **   [busy-handler callback])
9076 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9077 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9078 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9079 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9080 **
9081 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9082 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9083 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9084 **   to a successful return.
9085 ** </dl>
9086 **
9087 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9088 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9089 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9090 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9091 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9092 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9093 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9094 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9095 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9096 **
9097 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9098 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9099 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9100 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9101 **
9102 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9103 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9104 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9105 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9106 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9107 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9108 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9109 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9110 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9111 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9112 **
9113 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9114 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9115 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9116 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9117 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9118 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9119 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9120 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9121 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9122 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9123 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9124 **
9125 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9126 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9127 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9128 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9129 **
9130 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9131 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9132 ** sets the error information that is queried by
9133 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9134 **
9135 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9136 ** from SQL.
9137 */
9138 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9139   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9140   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9141   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9142   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9143   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9144 );
9145 
9146 /*
9147 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9148 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9149 **
9150 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9151 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9152 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9153 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9154 */
9155 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9156 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9157 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
9158 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9159 
9160 /*
9161 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9162 **
9163 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9164 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9165 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9166 **
9167 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9168 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9169 **
9170 ** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9171 ** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9172 ** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9173 ** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9174 ** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9175 ** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9176 ** is used.
9177 */
9178 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9179 
9180 /*
9181 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9182 ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9183 ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9184 **
9185 ** These macros define the various options to the
9186 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9187 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9188 **
9189 ** <dl>
9190 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9191 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
9192 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9193 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
9194 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
9195 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
9196 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
9197 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
9198 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
9199 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
9200 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
9201 **
9202 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
9203 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
9204 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
9205 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
9206 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
9207 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
9208 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
9209 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
9210 ** had been ABORT.
9211 **
9212 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
9213 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
9214 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
9215 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
9216 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
9217 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
9218 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
9219 ** constraint handling.
9220 ** </dd>
9221 **
9222 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
9223 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9224 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
9225 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9226 ** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
9227 ** views.
9228 ** </dd>
9229 **
9230 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
9231 ** <dd>Calls of the form
9232 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
9233 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implmentation
9234 ** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
9235 ** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
9236 ** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
9237 ** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
9238 ** flag unless absolutely necessary.
9239 ** </dd>
9240 ** </dl>
9241 */
9242 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
9243 #define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
9244 #define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
9245 
9246 /*
9247 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
9248 **
9249 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
9250 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
9251 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
9252 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9253 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
9254 ** [virtual table].
9255 */
9256 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
9257 
9258 /*
9259 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
9260 **
9261 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
9262 ** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
9263 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
9264 ** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
9265 ** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
9266 ** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
9267 ** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
9268 **
9269 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
9270 ** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
9271 ** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
9272 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
9273 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
9274 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
9275 **
9276 ** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
9277 ** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
9278 ** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
9279 ** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
9280 ** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
9281 */
9282 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
9283 
9284 /*
9285 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
9286 **
9287 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
9288 ** method of a [virtual table].
9289 **
9290 ** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
9291 ** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
9292 ** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
9293 ** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer
9294 ** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
9295 ** constraint.
9296 */
9297 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
9298 
9299 /*
9300 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
9301 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
9302 **
9303 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
9304 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
9305 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
9306 **
9307 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
9308 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
9309 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
9310 */
9311 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
9312 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
9313 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
9314 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
9315 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
9316 
9317 /*
9318 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
9319 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
9320 **
9321 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
9322 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
9323 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
9324 **
9325 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
9326 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
9327 ** S is finalized.
9328 **
9329 ** <dl>
9330 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
9331 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
9332 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
9333 **
9334 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
9335 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9336 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
9337 **
9338 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
9339 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9340 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
9341 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
9342 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
9343 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
9344 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
9345 **
9346 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
9347 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9348 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
9349 ** used for the X-th loop.
9350 **
9351 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
9352 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
9353 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
9354 ** description for the X-th loop.
9355 **
9356 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
9357 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
9358 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
9359 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
9360 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
9361 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
9362 ** </dl>
9363 */
9364 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
9365 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
9366 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
9367 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
9368 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
9369 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
9370 
9371 /*
9372 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
9373 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9374 **
9375 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
9376 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
9377 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
9378 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
9379 **
9380 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
9381 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
9382 ** compile-time option.
9383 **
9384 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
9385 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
9386 ** of this interface is undefined.
9387 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
9388 ** the "pOut" parameter.
9389 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
9390 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
9391 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
9392 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
9393 ** points to is unchanged.
9394 **
9395 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
9396 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
9397 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
9398 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
9399 **
9400 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
9401 */
9402 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
9403   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
9404   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
9405   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
9406   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
9407 );
9408 
9409 /*
9410 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
9411 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9412 **
9413 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
9414 **
9415 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
9416 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
9417 */
9418 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
9419 
9420 /*
9421 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
9422 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9423 **
9424 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
9425 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
9426 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
9427 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
9428 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
9429 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
9430 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
9431 ** any [attached] databases.
9432 **
9433 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
9434 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
9435 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
9436 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
9437 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
9438 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
9439 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
9440 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
9441 **
9442 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
9443 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
9444 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
9445 **
9446 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
9447 **
9448 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
9449 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
9450 */
9451 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
9452 
9453 /*
9454 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
9455 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9456 **
9457 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
9458 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
9459 **
9460 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
9461 ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
9462 ** on a database table.
9463 ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
9464 ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
9465 ** the previous setting.
9466 ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
9467 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
9468 ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
9469 ** the first parameter to callbacks.
9470 **
9471 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
9472 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
9473 ** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
9474 **
9475 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
9476 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
9477 ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
9478 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
9479 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
9480 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9481 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
9482 ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
9483 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
9484 ** databases.)^
9485 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
9486 ** table that is being modified.
9487 **
9488 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
9489 ** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
9490 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
9491 ** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
9492 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
9493 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
9494 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
9495 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
9496 ** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
9497 **
9498 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
9499 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
9500 ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
9501 ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
9502 ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
9503 ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
9504 ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
9505 ** behavior.
9506 **
9507 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
9508 ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
9509 **
9510 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9511 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9512 ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9513 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9514 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
9515 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
9516 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9517 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9518 **
9519 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
9520 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
9521 ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
9522 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
9523 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
9524 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
9525 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
9526 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
9527 **
9528 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
9529 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
9530 ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
9531 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
9532 ** triggers; and so forth.
9533 **
9534 ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
9535 */
9536 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
9537 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
9538   sqlite3 *db,
9539   void(*xPreUpdate)(
9540     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
9541     sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
9542     int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
9543     char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
9544     char const *zName,            /* Table name */
9545     sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
9546     sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
9547   ),
9548   void*
9549 );
9550 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9551 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
9552 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
9553 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
9554 #endif
9555 
9556 /*
9557 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
9558 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9559 **
9560 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
9561 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
9562 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
9563 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
9564 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
9565 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
9566 */
9567 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
9568 
9569 /*
9570 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
9571 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
9572 **
9573 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
9574 ** database for some specific point in history.
9575 **
9576 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
9577 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
9578 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
9579 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
9580 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
9581 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
9582 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
9583 **
9584 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
9585 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
9586 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
9587 ** the most recent version.
9588 */
9589 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
9590   unsigned char hidden[48];
9591 } sqlite3_snapshot;
9592 
9593 /*
9594 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
9595 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9596 **
9597 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
9598 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
9599 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
9600 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
9601 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
9602 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
9603 ** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
9604 **
9605 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
9606 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
9607 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
9608 ** in this case.
9609 **
9610 ** <ul>
9611 **   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
9612 **
9613 **   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
9614 **
9615 **   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
9616 **        connection D.
9617 **
9618 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
9619 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
9620 **        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
9621 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
9622 **        must be written to it first.
9623 ** </ul>
9624 **
9625 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
9626 ** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
9627 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
9628 **
9629 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
9630 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
9631 ** to avoid a memory leak.
9632 **
9633 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
9634 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9635 */
9636 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
9637   sqlite3 *db,
9638   const char *zSchema,
9639   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
9640 );
9641 
9642 /*
9643 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
9644 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9645 **
9646 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
9647 ** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
9648 ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
9649 ** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
9650 ** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
9651 ** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
9652 **
9653 ** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
9654 ** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
9655 ** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
9656 ** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
9657 ** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
9658 ** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
9659 ** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
9660 **
9661 ** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
9662 ** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
9663 ** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
9664 **
9665 ** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
9666 ** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
9667 ** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
9668 ** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
9669 ** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
9670 ** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
9671 ** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
9672 **
9673 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
9674 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
9675 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
9676 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
9677 ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
9678 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
9679 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
9680 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
9681 **
9682 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
9683 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9684 */
9685 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
9686   sqlite3 *db,
9687   const char *zSchema,
9688   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
9689 );
9690 
9691 /*
9692 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
9693 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
9694 **
9695 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
9696 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
9697 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
9698 **
9699 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
9700 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
9701 */
9702 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
9703 
9704 /*
9705 ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
9706 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9707 **
9708 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
9709 ** of two valid snapshot handles.
9710 **
9711 ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
9712 ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
9713 **
9714 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
9715 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
9716 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
9717 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
9718 ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
9719 ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
9720 ** is undefined.
9721 **
9722 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
9723 ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
9724 ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
9725 **
9726 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9727 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9728 */
9729 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
9730   sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
9731   sqlite3_snapshot *p2
9732 );
9733 
9734 /*
9735 ** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
9736 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
9737 **
9738 ** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
9739 ** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
9740 ** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
9741 ** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
9742 ** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
9743 ** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
9744 ** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
9745 **
9746 ** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
9747 ** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
9748 ** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
9749 ** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
9750 ** database.
9751 **
9752 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
9753 **
9754 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9755 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
9756 */
9757 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9758 
9759 /*
9760 ** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
9761 **
9762 ** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to memory
9763 ** that is a serialization of the S database on [database connection] D.
9764 ** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
9765 ** is written into *P.
9766 **
9767 ** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
9768 ** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
9769 ** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
9770 ** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
9771 **
9772 ** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
9773 ** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
9774 ** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
9775 ** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
9776 ** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
9777 ** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
9778 ** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
9779 ** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
9780 ** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
9781 ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
9782 ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
9783 ** values of D and S.
9784 ** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
9785 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
9786 ** of the database exists.
9787 **
9788 ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
9789 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
9790 ** allocation error occurs.
9791 **
9792 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9793 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9794 */
9795 SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
9796   sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
9797   const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
9798   sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
9799   unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
9800 );
9801 
9802 /*
9803 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
9804 **
9805 ** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
9806 ** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
9807 **
9808 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
9809 ** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
9810 ** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
9811 ** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
9812 ** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
9813 ** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
9814 ** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
9815 */
9816 #define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
9817 
9818 /*
9819 ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
9820 **
9821 ** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
9822 ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
9823 ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
9824 ** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
9825 ** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
9826 ** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
9827 ** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
9828 ** size does not exceed M bytes.
9829 **
9830 ** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
9831 ** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
9832 ** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
9833 ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
9834 ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
9835 **
9836 ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
9837 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
9838 ** operation.
9839 **
9840 ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
9841 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
9842 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
9843 **
9844 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
9845 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE] option.
9846 */
9847 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
9848   sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
9849   const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
9850   unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
9851   sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
9852   sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
9853   unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
9854 );
9855 
9856 /*
9857 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
9858 **
9859 ** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
9860 ** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
9861 **
9862 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
9863 ** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
9864 ** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
9865 ** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
9866 ** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
9867 **
9868 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
9869 ** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
9870 ** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
9871 ** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
9872 ** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
9873 **
9874 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
9875 ** should be treated as read-only.
9876 */
9877 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
9878 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
9879 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
9880 
9881 /*
9882 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
9883 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
9884 */
9885 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
9886 # undef double
9887 #endif
9888 
9889 #ifdef __cplusplus
9890 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
9891 #endif
9892 #endif /* SQLITE3_H */
9893 
9894 /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
9895 /*
9896 ** 2010 August 30
9897 **
9898 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
9899 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
9900 **
9901 **    May you do good and not evil.
9902 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9903 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
9904 **
9905 *************************************************************************
9906 */
9907 
9908 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
9909 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
9910 
9911 
9912 #ifdef __cplusplus
9913 extern "C" {
9914 #endif
9915 
9916 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
9917 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
9918 
9919 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
9920 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
9921 */
9922 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
9923   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
9924 #else
9925   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
9926 #endif
9927 
9928 /*
9929 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
9930 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
9931 **
9932 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
9933 */
9934 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
9935   sqlite3 *db,
9936   const char *zGeom,
9937   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
9938   void *pContext
9939 );
9940 
9941 
9942 /*
9943 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
9944 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
9945 */
9946 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
9947   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
9948   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
9949   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
9950   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
9951   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
9952 };
9953 
9954 /*
9955 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
9956 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
9957 **
9958 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
9959 */
9960 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
9961   sqlite3 *db,
9962   const char *zQueryFunc,
9963   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
9964   void *pContext,
9965   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
9966 );
9967 
9968 
9969 /*
9970 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
9971 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
9972 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
9973 **
9974 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
9975 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
9976 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
9977 */
9978 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
9979   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
9980   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
9981   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
9982   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
9983   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
9984   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
9985   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
9986   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
9987   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
9988   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
9989   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
9990   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
9991   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
9992   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visibility */
9993   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
9994   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
9995   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
9996 };
9997 
9998 /*
9999 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
10000 */
10001 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
10002 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
10003 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
10004 
10005 
10006 #ifdef __cplusplus
10007 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
10008 #endif
10009 
10010 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
10011 
10012 /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
10013 /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
10014 
10015 #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
10016 #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
10017 
10018 /*
10019 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
10020 */
10021 #ifdef __cplusplus
10022 extern "C" {
10023 #endif
10024 
10025 
10026 /*
10027 ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
10028 **
10029 ** An instance of this object is a [session] that can be used to
10030 ** record changes to a database.
10031 */
10032 typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
10033 
10034 /*
10035 ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
10036 **
10037 ** An instance of this object acts as a cursor for iterating
10038 ** over the elements of a [changeset] or [patchset].
10039 */
10040 typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
10041 
10042 /*
10043 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
10044 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
10045 **
10046 ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
10047 ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
10048 ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
10049 ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
10050 **
10051 ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
10052 ** database handle.
10053 **
10054 ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
10055 ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
10056 ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
10057 ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
10058 ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
10059 ** are undefined.
10060 **
10061 ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
10062 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
10063 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
10064 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
10065 ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
10066 ** either of these things are undefined.
10067 **
10068 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
10069 ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
10070 ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
10071 ** to the database when the session object is created.
10072 */
10073 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
10074   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
10075   const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
10076   sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
10077 );
10078 
10079 /*
10080 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
10081 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
10082 **
10083 ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
10084 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
10085 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
10086 ** function are undefined.
10087 **
10088 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
10089 ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
10090 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
10091 */
10092 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
10093 
10094 
10095 /*
10096 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
10097 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10098 **
10099 ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
10100 ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
10101 ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
10102 ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
10103 ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
10104 ** the eventual changesets.
10105 **
10106 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
10107 ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
10108 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
10109 **
10110 ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
10111 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
10112 */
10113 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
10114 
10115 /*
10116 ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
10117 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10118 **
10119 ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
10120 ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
10121 **
10122 ** <ul>
10123 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
10124 **        made, or
10125 **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
10126 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
10127 ** </ul>
10128 **
10129 ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
10130 ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
10131 ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
10132 **
10133 ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
10134 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
10135 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
10136 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
10137 ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
10138 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
10139 **
10140 ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
10141 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
10142 */
10143 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
10144 
10145 /*
10146 ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
10147 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10148 **
10149 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
10150 ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
10151 ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
10152 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
10153 **
10154 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
10155 ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
10156 ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
10157 ** the new tables are also recorded.
10158 **
10159 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
10160 ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
10161 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
10162 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
10163 **
10164 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
10165 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
10166 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
10167 **
10168 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
10169 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
10170 **
10171 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
10172 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
10173 **
10174 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
10175 **
10176 ** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
10177 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
10178 **  <pre>
10179 **  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
10180 **  </pre>
10181 **
10182 ** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
10183 ** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
10184 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
10185 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
10186 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
10187 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
10188 ** concat() and similar.
10189 **
10190 ** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
10191 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
10192 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
10193 ** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
10194 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
10195 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
10196 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
10197 **
10198 ** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
10199 ** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
10200 ** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
10201 ** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
10202 */
10203 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
10204   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
10205   const char *zTab                /* Table name */
10206 );
10207 
10208 /*
10209 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
10210 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10211 **
10212 ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
10213 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
10214 ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
10215 ** If xFilter returns 0, changes are not tracked. Note that once a table is
10216 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
10217 */
10218 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
10219   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
10220   int(*xFilter)(
10221     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
10222     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
10223   ),
10224   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
10225 );
10226 
10227 /*
10228 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
10229 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10230 **
10231 ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
10232 ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
10233 ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
10234 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
10235 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
10236 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
10237 **
10238 ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
10239 ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
10240 ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
10241 ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
10242 ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
10243 ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
10244 ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
10245 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
10246 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
10247 **
10248 ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
10249 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
10250 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
10251 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
10252 ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
10253 ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
10254 ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
10255 ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
10256 ** DELETE change only.
10257 **
10258 ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
10259 ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
10260 ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
10261 ** API.
10262 **
10263 ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
10264 ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
10265 ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
10266 ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
10267 ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
10268 ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
10269 ** a single table are stored is undefined.
10270 **
10271 ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
10272 ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
10273 ** [sqlite3_free()].
10274 **
10275 ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
10276 **
10277 ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
10278 ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
10279 ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
10280 ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
10281 ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
10282 ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
10283 **
10284 ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
10285 ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
10286 ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
10287 **
10288 ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
10289 ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
10290 ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
10291 ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
10292 ** or updates a record).
10293 **
10294 ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
10295 ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
10296 ** file. Specifically:
10297 **
10298 ** <ul>
10299 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
10300 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
10301 **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
10302 **        is added to the changeset.
10303 **
10304 **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
10305 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
10306 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
10307 **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
10308 **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
10309 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
10310 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
10311 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
10312 ** </ul>
10313 **
10314 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
10315 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
10316 ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
10317 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
10318 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
10319 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
10320 **
10321 ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
10322 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
10323 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
10324 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
10325 ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
10326 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
10327 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
10328 ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
10329 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
10330 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
10331 */
10332 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
10333   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
10334   int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
10335   void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
10336 );
10337 
10338 /*
10339 ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
10340 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10341 **
10342 ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
10343 ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
10344 ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
10345 ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
10346 ** an error).
10347 **
10348 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
10349 ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
10350 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
10351 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
10352 **
10353 ** <ul>
10354 **   <li> Has the same name,
10355 **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
10356 **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
10357 ** </ul>
10358 **
10359 ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
10360 ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
10361 ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
10362 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
10363 **
10364 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
10365 ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
10366 ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
10367 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
10368 **
10369 ** <ul>
10370 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
10371 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
10372 **
10373 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
10374 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
10375 **
10376 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
10377 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
10378 **     session.
10379 ** </ul>
10380 **
10381 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
10382 ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
10383 ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
10384 ** identical.
10385 **
10386 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
10387 ** required compatible table.
10388 **
10389 ** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
10390 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
10391 ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
10392 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
10393 ** sqlite3_free().
10394 */
10395 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
10396   sqlite3_session *pSession,
10397   const char *zFromDb,
10398   const char *zTbl,
10399   char **pzErrMsg
10400 );
10401 
10402 
10403 /*
10404 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
10405 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
10406 **
10407 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
10408 **
10409 ** <ul>
10410 **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
10411 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
10412 **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
10413 **        UPDATE records.
10414 ** </ul>
10415 **
10416 ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
10417 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
10418 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
10419 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
10420 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
10421 **
10422 ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
10423 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
10424 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
10425 ** in the same way as for changesets.
10426 **
10427 ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
10428 ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
10429 ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
10430 ** they were attached to the session object).
10431 */
10432 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
10433   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
10434   int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
10435   void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
10436 );
10437 
10438 /*
10439 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
10440 **
10441 ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
10442 ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
10443 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
10444 **
10445 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
10446 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
10447 ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
10448 ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
10449 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
10450 ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
10451 ** changeset containing zero changes.
10452 */
10453 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
10454 
10455 /*
10456 ** CAPI3REF: Query for the amount of heap memory used by a session object.
10457 **
10458 ** This API returns the total amount of heap memory in bytes currently
10459 ** used by the session object passed as the only argument.
10460 */
10461 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_memory_used(sqlite3_session *pSession);
10462 
10463 /*
10464 ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
10465 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10466 **
10467 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
10468 ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
10469 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
10470 ** SQLite error code is returned.
10471 **
10472 ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
10473 ** iterator created by this function:
10474 **
10475 ** <ul>
10476 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
10477 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
10478 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
10479 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
10480 ** </ul>
10481 **
10482 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
10483 ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
10484 ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
10485 ** destroyed.
10486 **
10487 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
10488 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
10489 ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
10490 ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
10491 ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
10492 ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
10493 ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
10494 ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
10495 ** another change for table X.
10496 **
10497 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_start_v2() and its streaming equivalent
10498 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
10499 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT | supported flags] as the 4th parameter.
10500 **
10501 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_start_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
10502 ** and therefore subject to change.
10503 */
10504 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
10505   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
10506   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
10507   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
10508 );
10509 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
10510   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
10511   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
10512   void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
10513   int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETSTART_* flags */
10514 );
10515 
10516 /*
10517 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
10518 **
10519 ** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
10520 ** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
10521 **
10522 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
10523 **   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
10524 **   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
10525 **   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
10526 */
10527 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002
10528 
10529 
10530 /*
10531 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
10532 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10533 **
10534 ** This function may only be used with iterators created by the function
10535 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
10536 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
10537 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
10538 **
10539 ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
10540 ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
10541 ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
10542 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
10543 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
10544 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
10545 ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
10546 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
10547 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
10548 **
10549 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
10550 ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
10551 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
10552 */
10553 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
10554 
10555 /*
10556 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
10557 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10558 **
10559 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
10560 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
10561 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
10562 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
10563 ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
10564 **
10565 ** Arguments pOp, pnCol and pzTab may not be NULL. Upon return, three
10566 ** outputs are set through these pointers:
10567 **
10568 ** *pOp is set to one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
10569 ** depending on the type of change that the iterator currently points to;
10570 **
10571 ** *pnCol is set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change; and
10572 **
10573 ** *pzTab is set to point to a nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing
10574 ** the name of the table affected by the current change. The buffer remains
10575 ** valid until either sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator
10576 ** or until the conflict-handler function returns.
10577 **
10578 ** If pbIndirect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
10579 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
10580 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
10581 ** changes.
10582 **
10583 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
10584 ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
10585 ** be trusted in this case.
10586 */
10587 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_op(
10588   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
10589   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
10590   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
10591   int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
10592   int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
10593 );
10594 
10595 /*
10596 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
10597 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10598 **
10599 ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
10600 **
10601 ** <ul>
10602 **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
10603 **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
10604 ** </ul>
10605 **
10606 ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
10607 ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
10608 ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
10609 ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
10610 ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
10611 ** 0x00 if it is not.
10612 **
10613 ** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
10614 ** in the table.
10615 **
10616 ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
10617 ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
10618 ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
10619 ** above.
10620 */
10621 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
10622   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
10623   unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
10624   int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
10625 );
10626 
10627 /*
10628 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
10629 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10630 **
10631 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
10632 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
10633 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
10634 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
10635 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
10636 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
10637 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
10638 **
10639 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
10640 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
10641 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
10642 **
10643 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
10644 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
10645 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
10646 ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
10647 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
10648 **
10649 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
10650 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
10651 */
10652 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
10653   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
10654   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
10655   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
10656 );
10657 
10658 /*
10659 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
10660 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10661 **
10662 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
10663 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
10664 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
10665 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
10666 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
10667 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
10668 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
10669 **
10670 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
10671 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
10672 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
10673 **
10674 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
10675 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
10676 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
10677 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
10678 ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
10679 ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
10680 ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
10681 ** triggers.
10682 **
10683 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
10684 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
10685 */
10686 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
10687   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
10688   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
10689   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
10690 );
10691 
10692 /*
10693 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
10694 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10695 **
10696 ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
10697 ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
10698 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
10699 ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
10700 ** is set to NULL.
10701 **
10702 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
10703 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
10704 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
10705 **
10706 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
10707 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
10708 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
10709 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
10710 **
10711 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
10712 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
10713 */
10714 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
10715   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
10716   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
10717   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
10718 );
10719 
10720 /*
10721 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
10722 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10723 **
10724 ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
10725 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
10726 ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
10727 ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
10728 **
10729 ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
10730 */
10731 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
10732   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
10733   int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
10734 );
10735 
10736 
10737 /*
10738 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
10739 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
10740 **
10741 ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
10742 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
10743 **
10744 ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
10745 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
10746 ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
10747 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
10748 ** call has no effect.
10749 **
10750 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
10751 ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
10752 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
10753 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
10754 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
10755 **
10756 ** <pre>
10757 **   sqlite3changeset_start();
10758 **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
10759 **     // Do something with change.
10760 **   }
10761 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
10762 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
10763 **     // An error has occurred
10764 **   }
10765 ** </pre>
10766 */
10767 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
10768 
10769 /*
10770 ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
10771 **
10772 ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
10773 ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
10774 ** changeset. Specifically:
10775 **
10776 ** <ul>
10777 **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
10778 **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
10779 **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
10780 ** </ul>
10781 **
10782 ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
10783 ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
10784 **
10785 ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
10786 ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
10787 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
10788 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
10789 **
10790 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
10791 ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
10792 ** call to this function.
10793 **
10794 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
10795 ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
10796 */
10797 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
10798   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
10799   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
10800 );
10801 
10802 /*
10803 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
10804 **
10805 ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
10806 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
10807 ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
10808 **
10809 ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
10810 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
10811 ** following code fragment:
10812 **
10813 ** <pre>
10814 **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
10815 **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
10816 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
10817 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
10818 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
10819 **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
10820 **   }else{
10821 **     *ppOut = 0;
10822 **     *pnOut = 0;
10823 **   }
10824 ** </pre>
10825 **
10826 ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
10827 */
10828 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
10829   int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
10830   void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
10831   int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
10832   void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
10833   int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
10834   void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
10835 );
10836 
10837 
10838 /*
10839 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
10840 **
10841 ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
10842 ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
10843 */
10844 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
10845 
10846 /*
10847 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
10848 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
10849 **
10850 ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
10851 ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
10852 ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
10853 ** always in the same format as the input.
10854 **
10855 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
10856 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
10857 ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
10858 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
10859 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
10860 **
10861 ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
10862 **
10863 ** <ul>
10864 **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
10865 **
10866 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
10867 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
10868 **
10869 **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
10870 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
10871 **
10872 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
10873 ** </ul>
10874 **
10875 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
10876 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
10877 **
10878 ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
10879 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
10880 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
10881 */
10882 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
10883 
10884 /*
10885 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
10886 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
10887 **
10888 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
10889 ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
10890 **
10891 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
10892 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
10893 ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
10894 ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
10895 ** to the changegroup.
10896 **
10897 ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
10898 ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
10899 ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
10900 ** the two rows have the same primary key.
10901 **
10902 ** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
10903 ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
10904 ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
10905 ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
10906 **
10907 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
10908 **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
10909 **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
10910 **       <th>Output Change
10911 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
10912 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
10913 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
10914 **       added to the changegroup.
10915 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
10916 **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
10917 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
10918 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
10919 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
10920 **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
10921 **       not added.
10922 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
10923 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
10924 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
10925 **       added to the changegroup.
10926 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
10927 **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
10928 **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
10929 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
10930 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
10931 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
10932 **       changegroup.
10933 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
10934 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
10935 **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
10936 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
10937 **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
10938 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
10939 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
10940 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
10941 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
10942 **       added to the changegroup.
10943 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
10944 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
10945 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
10946 **       added to the changegroup.
10947 ** </table>
10948 **
10949 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
10950 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
10951 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
10952 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
10953 ** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
10954 ** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
10955 ** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the state
10956 ** of the final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
10957 **
10958 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
10959 */
10960 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
10961 
10962 /*
10963 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
10964 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
10965 **
10966 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
10967 ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
10968 ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
10969 ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
10970 **
10971 ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
10972 ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
10973 ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
10974 ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
10975 ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
10976 ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
10977 ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
10978 ** which they are first encountered.
10979 **
10980 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
10981 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
10982 ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
10983 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
10984 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
10985 ** call to sqlite3_free().
10986 */
10987 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output(
10988   sqlite3_changegroup*,
10989   int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
10990   void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
10991 );
10992 
10993 /*
10994 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
10995 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
10996 */
10997 SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
10998 
10999 /*
11000 ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
11001 **
11002 ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
11003 ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
11004 ** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
11005 **
11006 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
11007 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
11008 ** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
11009 ** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
11010 ** passed as the sixth argument as the first. If the "filter callback"
11011 ** returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to the table.
11012 ** Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter argument to
11013 ** is NULL, all changes related to the table are attempted.
11014 **
11015 ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
11016 ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
11017 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
11018 **
11019 ** <ul>
11020 **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
11021 **        changeset, and
11022 **   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
11023 **        changeset, and
11024 **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
11025 **        recorded in the changeset.
11026 ** </ul>
11027 **
11028 ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
11029 ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
11030 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
11031 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
11032 **
11033 ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
11034 ** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
11035 ** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
11036 ** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
11037 ** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
11038 ** each type of change is below.
11039 **
11040 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
11041 ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
11042 ** argument are undefined.
11043 **
11044 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
11045 ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
11046 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
11047 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
11048 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
11049 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
11050 ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
11051 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
11052 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
11053 ** the documentation for the three
11054 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
11055 **
11056 ** <dl>
11057 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
11058 **   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
11059 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
11060 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
11061 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
11062 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
11063 **
11064 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
11065 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
11066 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
11067 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. If the
11068 **   database table has more columns than are recorded in the changeset,
11069 **   only the values of those non-primary key fields are compared against
11070 **   the current database contents - any trailing database table columns
11071 **   are ignored.
11072 **
11073 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
11074 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
11075 **   passed as the second argument.
11076 **
11077 **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
11078 **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
11079 **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
11080 **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
11081 **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
11082 **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
11083 **
11084 ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
11085 **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
11086 **   the database. If the changeset row contains fewer fields than the
11087 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
11088 **   values.
11089 **
11090 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
11091 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
11092 **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
11093 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
11094 **
11095 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
11096 **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
11097 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
11098 **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
11099 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
11100 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
11101 **
11102 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
11103 **   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
11104 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
11105 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
11106 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
11107 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
11108 **
11109 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
11110 **   the modified non-primary key fields contains a value different from an
11111 **   original row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function
11112 **   is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
11113 **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
11114 **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
11115 **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
11116 **
11117 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
11118 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
11119 **   passed as the second argument.
11120 **
11121 **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
11122 **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
11123 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
11124 **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
11125 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
11126 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
11127 ** </dl>
11128 **
11129 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
11130 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
11131 ** This can be used to further customize the application's conflict
11132 ** resolution strategy.
11133 **
11134 ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
11135 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
11136 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
11137 ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
11138 ** SQLite error code returned.
11139 **
11140 ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
11141 ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
11142 ** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
11143 ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
11144 ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
11145 ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
11146 ** is only allocated and populated if one or more conflicts were encountered
11147 ** while applying the patchset. See comments surrounding the sqlite3_rebaser
11148 ** APIs for further details.
11149 **
11150 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and its streaming equivalent
11151 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
11152 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT | supported flags] as the 9th parameter.
11153 **
11154 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
11155 ** and therefore subject to change.
11156 */
11157 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply(
11158   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
11159   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
11160   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
11161   int(*xFilter)(
11162     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11163     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11164   ),
11165   int(*xConflict)(
11166     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11167     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
11168     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
11169   ),
11170   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
11171 );
11172 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
11173   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
11174   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
11175   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
11176   int(*xFilter)(
11177     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11178     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11179   ),
11180   int(*xConflict)(
11181     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11182     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
11183     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
11184   ),
11185   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
11186   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
11187   int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
11188 );
11189 
11190 /*
11191 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_apply_v2
11192 **
11193 ** The following flags may passed via the 9th parameter to
11194 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm]:
11195 **
11196 ** <dl>
11197 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT <dd>
11198 **   Usually, the sessions module encloses all operations performed by
11199 **   a single call to apply_v2() or apply_v2_strm() in a [SAVEPOINT]. The
11200 **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
11201 **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
11202 **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
11203 **   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
11204 **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
11205 **
11206 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
11207 **   Invert the changeset before applying it. This is equivalent to inverting
11208 **   a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it. It is
11209 **   an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
11210 */
11211 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
11212 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
11213 
11214 /*
11215 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
11216 **
11217 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
11218 **
11219 ** <dl>
11220 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
11221 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
11222 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
11223 **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
11224 **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
11225 **   expected "before" values.
11226 **
11227 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
11228 **   primary key.
11229 **
11230 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
11231 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
11232 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
11233 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
11234 **
11235 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
11236 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
11237 **
11238 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
11239 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
11240 **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
11241 **   in duplicate primary key values.
11242 **
11243 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
11244 **   primary key.
11245 **
11246 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
11247 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
11248 **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
11249 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
11250 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
11251 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
11252 **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
11253 **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
11254 **
11255 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
11256 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
11257 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
11258 **
11259 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
11260 **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
11261 **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
11262 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
11263 **
11264 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
11265 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
11266 **
11267 ** </dl>
11268 */
11269 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
11270 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
11271 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
11272 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
11273 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
11274 
11275 /*
11276 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
11277 **
11278 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
11279 **
11280 ** <dl>
11281 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
11282 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
11283 **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
11284 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
11285 **
11286 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
11287 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
11288 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
11289 **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
11290 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
11291 **
11292 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
11293 **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
11294 **   on the type of change.
11295 **
11296 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
11297 **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
11298 **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
11299 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
11300 **
11301 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
11302 **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
11303 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
11304 ** </dl>
11305 */
11306 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
11307 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
11308 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
11309 
11310 /*
11311 ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
11312 ** EXPERIMENTAL
11313 **
11314 ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
11315 ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
11316 ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
11317 ** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
11318 ** applied to the database. The database is then in state
11319 ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
11320 ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
11321 ** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
11322 ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
11323 ** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
11324 **
11325 ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
11326 ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
11327 **
11328 **   local:  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v1');
11329 **   remote: INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v2');
11330 **
11331 ** and the conflict resolution is REPLACE, then the INSERT change is
11332 ** removed from the local changeset (it was overridden). Or, if the
11333 ** conflict resolution was "OMIT", then the local changeset is modified
11334 ** to instead contain:
11335 **
11336 **           UPDATE t1 SET b = 'v2' WHERE a=1;
11337 **
11338 ** Changes within the local changeset are rebased as follows:
11339 **
11340 ** <dl>
11341 ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
11342 **   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
11343 **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
11344 **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
11345 **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
11346 **
11347 ** <dt>Local DELETE<dd>
11348 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. In both cases the
11349 **   only possible resolution is OMIT. If the remote operation was a
11350 **   DELETE, then add no change to the rebased changeset. If the remote
11351 **   operation was an UPDATE, then the old.* fields of change are updated
11352 **   to reflect the new.* values in the UPDATE.
11353 **
11354 ** <dt>Local UPDATE<dd>
11355 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. If it conflicts
11356 **   with a DELETE, and the conflict resolution was OMIT, then the update
11357 **   is changed into an INSERT. Any undefined values in the new.* record
11358 **   from the update change are filled in using the old.* values from
11359 **   the conflicting DELETE. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE,
11360 **   the UPDATE change is simply omitted from the rebased changeset.
11361 **
11362 **   If conflict is with a remote UPDATE and the resolution is OMIT, then
11363 **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
11364 **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
11365 **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
11366 **   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
11367 **   be updated, the change is omitted.
11368 ** </dl>
11369 **
11370 ** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
11371 ** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
11372 ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
11373 ** is rebased:
11374 **
11375 ** <ul>
11376 **    <li> If there has been one or more REPLACE resolutions on a
11377 **         key, it is rebased according to a REPLACE.
11378 **
11379 **    <li> If there have been no REPLACE resolutions on a key, then
11380 **         the local changeset is rebased according to the most recent
11381 **         of the OMIT resolutions.
11382 ** </ul>
11383 **
11384 ** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
11385 ** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
11386 ** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
11387 ** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
11388 ** OMIT.
11389 **
11390 ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
11391 ** be applied to the local database using sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and
11392 ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
11393 **
11394 ** <ol>
11395 **   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
11396 **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
11397 **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
11398 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
11399 **        If the local changeset is to be rebased against multiple remote
11400 **        changesets, then sqlite3rebaser_configure() should be called
11401 **        multiple times, in the same order that the multiple
11402 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() calls were made.
11403 **   <li> Each local changeset is rebased by calling sqlite3rebaser_rebase().
11404 **   <li> The sqlite3_rebaser object is deleted by calling
11405 **        sqlite3rebaser_delete().
11406 ** </ol>
11407 */
11408 typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
11409 
11410 /*
11411 ** CAPI3REF: Create a changeset rebaser object.
11412 ** EXPERIMENTAL
11413 **
11414 ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
11415 ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
11416 ** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
11417 ** to NULL.
11418 */
11419 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
11420 
11421 /*
11422 ** CAPI3REF: Configure a changeset rebaser object.
11423 ** EXPERIMENTAL
11424 **
11425 ** Configure the changeset rebaser object to rebase changesets according
11426 ** to the conflict resolutions described by buffer pRebase (size nRebase
11427 ** bytes), which must have been obtained from a previous call to
11428 ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
11429 */
11430 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
11431   sqlite3_rebaser*,
11432   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
11433 );
11434 
11435 /*
11436 ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
11437 ** EXPERIMENTAL
11438 **
11439 ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
11440 ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
11441 ** of the changeset rebased according to the configuration of the
11442 ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
11443 ** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changeset and
11444 ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
11445 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
11446 ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
11447 ** are set to zero and an SQLite error code returned.
11448 */
11449 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
11450   sqlite3_rebaser*,
11451   int nIn, const void *pIn,
11452   int *pnOut, void **ppOut
11453 );
11454 
11455 /*
11456 ** CAPI3REF: Delete a changeset rebaser object.
11457 ** EXPERIMENTAL
11458 **
11459 ** Delete the changeset rebaser object and all associated resources. There
11460 ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
11461 ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
11462 */
11463 SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
11464 
11465 /*
11466 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
11467 **
11468 ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
11469 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
11470 **
11471 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
11472 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
11473 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
11474 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
11475 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
11476 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
11477 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
11478 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
11479 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
11480 ** </table>
11481 **
11482 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
11483 ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
11484 ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
11485 ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
11486 ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
11487 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
11488 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
11489 **
11490 ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
11491 ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
11492 ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
11493 ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
11494 **
11495 **  <pre>
11496 **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
11497 **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
11498 **  </pre>
11499 **
11500 ** Is replaced by:
11501 **
11502 **  <pre>
11503 **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11504 **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
11505 **  </pre>
11506 **
11507 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
11508 ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
11509 ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
11510 ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
11511 ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
11512 ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
11513 ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
11514 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
11515 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
11516 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
11517 **
11518 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
11519 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
11520 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
11521 ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
11522 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
11523 **
11524 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
11525 ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
11526 ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
11527 ** as:
11528 **
11529 **  <pre>
11530 **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
11531 **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
11532 **  </pre>
11533 **
11534 ** Is replaced by:
11535 **
11536 **  <pre>
11537 **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11538 **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
11539 **  </pre>
11540 **
11541 ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
11542 ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
11543 ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
11544 ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
11545 ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
11546 ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
11547 ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
11548 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
11549 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
11550 **
11551 ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
11552 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
11553 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
11554 */
11555 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
11556   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
11557   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
11558   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
11559   int(*xFilter)(
11560     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11561     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11562   ),
11563   int(*xConflict)(
11564     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11565     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
11566     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
11567   ),
11568   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
11569 );
11570 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm(
11571   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
11572   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
11573   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
11574   int(*xFilter)(
11575     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11576     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11577   ),
11578   int(*xConflict)(
11579     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
11580     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
11581     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
11582   ),
11583   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
11584   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
11585   int flags
11586 );
11587 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
11588   int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11589   void *pInA,
11590   int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11591   void *pInB,
11592   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11593   void *pOut
11594 );
11595 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
11596   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11597   void *pIn,
11598   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11599   void *pOut
11600 );
11601 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
11602   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
11603   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11604   void *pIn
11605 );
11606 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
11607   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
11608   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11609   void *pIn,
11610   int flags
11611 );
11612 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
11613   sqlite3_session *pSession,
11614   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11615   void *pOut
11616 );
11617 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
11618   sqlite3_session *pSession,
11619   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11620   void *pOut
11621 );
11622 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
11623     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11624     void *pIn
11625 );
11626 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
11627     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11628     void *pOut
11629 );
11630 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
11631   sqlite3_rebaser *pRebaser,
11632   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
11633   void *pIn,
11634   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
11635   void *pOut
11636 );
11637 
11638 /*
11639 ** CAPI3REF: Configure global parameters
11640 **
11641 ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is used to make global configuration
11642 ** changes to the sessions module in order to tune it to the specific needs
11643 ** of the application.
11644 **
11645 ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is not threadsafe. If it is invoked
11646 ** while any other thread is inside any other sessions method then the
11647 ** results are undefined. Furthermore, if it is invoked after any sessions
11648 ** related objects have been created, the results are also undefined.
11649 **
11650 ** The first argument to the sqlite3session_config() function must be one
11651 ** of the SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_XXX constants defined below. The
11652 ** interpretation of the (void*) value passed as the second parameter and
11653 ** the effect of calling this function depends on the value of the first
11654 ** parameter.
11655 **
11656 ** <dl>
11657 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE<dd>
11658 **    By default, the sessions module streaming interfaces attempt to input
11659 **    and output data in approximately 1 KiB chunks. This operand may be used
11660 **    to set and query the value of this configuration setting. The pointer
11661 **    passed as the second argument must point to a value of type (int).
11662 **    If this value is greater than 0, it is used as the new streaming data
11663 **    chunk size for both input and output. Before returning, the (int) value
11664 **    pointed to by pArg is set to the final value of the streaming interface
11665 **    chunk size.
11666 ** </dl>
11667 **
11668 ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
11669 ** otherwise.
11670 */
11671 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg);
11672 
11673 /*
11674 ** CAPI3REF: Values for sqlite3session_config().
11675 */
11676 #define SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE 1
11677 
11678 /*
11679 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
11680 */
11681 #ifdef __cplusplus
11682 }
11683 #endif
11684 
11685 #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
11686 
11687 /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
11688 /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
11689 /*
11690 ** 2014 May 31
11691 **
11692 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
11693 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
11694 **
11695 **    May you do good and not evil.
11696 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
11697 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
11698 **
11699 ******************************************************************************
11700 **
11701 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
11702 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
11703 **
11704 **     * custom tokenizers, and
11705 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
11706 */
11707 
11708 
11709 #ifndef _FTS5_H
11710 #define _FTS5_H
11711 
11712 
11713 #ifdef __cplusplus
11714 extern "C" {
11715 #endif
11716 
11717 /*************************************************************************
11718 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
11719 **
11720 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
11721 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
11722 */
11723 
11724 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
11725 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
11726 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
11727 
11728 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
11729   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
11730   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
11731   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
11732   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
11733   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
11734 );
11735 
11736 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
11737   const unsigned char *a;
11738   const unsigned char *b;
11739 };
11740 
11741 /*
11742 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
11743 **
11744 ** xUserData(pFts):
11745 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
11746 **   registered with.
11747 **
11748 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
11749 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
11750 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
11751 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
11752 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
11753 **   the FTS5 table.
11754 **
11755 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
11756 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
11757 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
11758 **   returned.
11759 **
11760 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
11761 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
11762 **
11763 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
11764 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
11765 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
11766 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
11767 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
11768 **
11769 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
11770 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
11771 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
11772 **   returned.
11773 **
11774 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
11775 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
11776 **
11777 ** xColumnText:
11778 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
11779 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
11780 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
11781 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
11782 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
11783 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
11784 **
11785 ** xPhraseCount:
11786 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
11787 **
11788 ** xPhraseSize:
11789 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
11790 **   are numbered starting from zero.
11791 **
11792 ** xInstCount:
11793 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
11794 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
11795 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
11796 **
11797 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
11798 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
11799 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
11800 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
11801 **
11802 ** xInst:
11803 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
11804 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
11805 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
11806 **   output by xInstCount().
11807 **
11808 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
11809 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
11810 **   first token of the phrase. Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error
11811 **   code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
11812 **
11813 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
11814 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
11815 **
11816 ** xRowid:
11817 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
11818 **
11819 ** xTokenize:
11820 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
11821 **
11822 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
11823 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
11824 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
11825 **
11826 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
11827 **
11828 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
11829 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
11830 **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
11831 **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
11832 **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
11833 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
11834 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
11835 **   the third argument to pUserData.
11836 **
11837 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
11838 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
11839 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
11840 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
11841 **
11842 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
11843 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
11844 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
11845 **
11846 **
11847 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
11848 **
11849 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
11850 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
11851 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
11852 **   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
11853 **
11854 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
11855 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
11856 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
11857 **   single auxiliary data context.
11858 **
11859 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
11860 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
11861 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
11862 **   point.
11863 **
11864 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
11865 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
11866 **
11867 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
11868 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
11869 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
11870 **   pointer before returning.
11871 **
11872 **
11873 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
11874 **
11875 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
11876 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
11877 **
11878 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
11879 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
11880 **   if any, is not invoked.
11881 **
11882 **
11883 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
11884 **
11885 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
11886 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
11887 **
11888 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
11889 **
11890 ** xPhraseFirst()
11891 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
11892 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
11893 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
11894 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
11895 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
11896 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
11897 **
11898 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
11899 **       int iCol, iOff;
11900 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
11901 **           iCol>=0;
11902 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
11903 **       ){
11904 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
11905 **       }
11906 **
11907 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
11908 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
11909 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
11910 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
11911 **
11912 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
11913 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
11914 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
11915 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
11916 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
11917 **
11918 ** xPhraseNext()
11919 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
11920 **
11921 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
11922 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
11923 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
11924 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
11925 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
11926 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
11927 **
11928 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
11929 **       int iCol;
11930 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
11931 **           iCol>=0;
11932 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
11933 **       ){
11934 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
11935 **       }
11936 **
11937 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
11938 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
11939 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
11940 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
11941 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
11942 **
11943 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
11944 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
11945 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
11946 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
11947 **   "detail=column" tables.
11948 **
11949 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
11950 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
11951 */
11952 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
11953   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
11954 
11955   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
11956 
11957   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
11958   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
11959   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
11960 
11961   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
11962     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
11963     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
11964     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
11965   );
11966 
11967   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
11968   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
11969 
11970   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
11971   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
11972 
11973   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
11974   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
11975   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
11976 
11977   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
11978     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
11979   );
11980   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
11981   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
11982 
11983   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
11984   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
11985 
11986   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
11987   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
11988 };
11989 
11990 /*
11991 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
11992 *************************************************************************/
11993 
11994 /*************************************************************************
11995 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
11996 **
11997 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
11998 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
11999 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
12000 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
12001 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
12002 **
12003 ** xCreate:
12004 **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
12005 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
12006 **
12007 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
12008 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
12009 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
12010 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
12011 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
12012 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
12013 **   to create the FTS5 table.
12014 **
12015 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
12016 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
12017 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
12018 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
12019 **   is undefined.
12020 **
12021 ** xDelete:
12022 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
12023 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
12024 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
12025 **
12026 ** xTokenize:
12027 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
12028 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
12029 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
12030 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
12031 **
12032 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
12033 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
12034 **   four values:
12035 **
12036 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
12037 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
12038 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
12039 **            FTS index.
12040 **
12041 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
12042 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
12043 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
12044 **
12045 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
12046 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
12047 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
12048 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
12049 **
12050 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
12051 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
12052 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
12053 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
12054 **   </ul>
12055 **
12056 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
12057 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
12058 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
12059 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
12060 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
12061 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
12062 **   which the token is derived within the input.
12063 **
12064 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
12065 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
12066 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
12067 **
12068 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
12069 **   order that they occur within the input text.
12070 **
12071 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
12072 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
12073 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
12074 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
12075 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
12076 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
12077 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
12078 **
12079 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
12080 **
12081 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
12082 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
12083 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
12084 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
12085 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
12086 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
12087 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
12088 **
12089 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
12090 **
12091 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
12092 **            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
12093 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
12094 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
12095 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
12096 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
12097 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
12098 **            as expected.
12099 **
12100 **       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
12101 **            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
12102 **            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
12103 **            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
12104 **            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
12105 **
12106 **   <codeblock>
12107 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
12108 **
12109 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
12110 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
12111 **            similar to:
12112 **
12113 **   <codeblock>
12114 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
12115 **
12116 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
12117 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
12118 **            being treated as a single phrase.
12119 **
12120 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
12121 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
12122 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
12123 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
12124 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
12125 **            "place".
12126 **
12127 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
12128 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
12129 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
12130 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
12131 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
12132 **   </ol>
12133 **
12134 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
12135 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
12136 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
12137 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
12138 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
12139 **
12140 **   <codeblock>
12141 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
12142 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
12143 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
12144 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
12145 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
12146 **</codeblock>
12147 **
12148 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
12149 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
12150 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
12151 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
12152 **   single token.
12153 **
12154 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
12155 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
12156 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
12157 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
12158 **   token "first" is substituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
12159 **
12160 **   <codeblock>
12161 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
12162 **
12163 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
12164 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
12165 **
12166 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
12167 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
12168 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
12169 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
12170 **   within the database.
12171 **
12172 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
12173 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
12174 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
12175 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
12176 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
12177 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
12178 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
12179 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
12180 **
12181 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
12182 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
12183 **   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
12184 **   inefficient.
12185 */
12186 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
12187 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
12188 struct fts5_tokenizer {
12189   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
12190   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
12191   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
12192       void *pCtx,
12193       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
12194       const char *pText, int nText,
12195       int (*xToken)(
12196         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
12197         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
12198         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
12199         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
12200         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
12201         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
12202       )
12203   );
12204 };
12205 
12206 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
12207 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
12208 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
12209 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
12210 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
12211 
12212 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
12213 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
12214 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
12215 
12216 /*
12217 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
12218 *************************************************************************/
12219 
12220 /*************************************************************************
12221 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
12222 */
12223 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
12224 struct fts5_api {
12225   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
12226 
12227   /* Create a new tokenizer */
12228   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
12229     fts5_api *pApi,
12230     const char *zName,
12231     void *pContext,
12232     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
12233     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
12234   );
12235 
12236   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
12237   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
12238     fts5_api *pApi,
12239     const char *zName,
12240     void **ppContext,
12241     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
12242   );
12243 
12244   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
12245   int (*xCreateFunction)(
12246     fts5_api *pApi,
12247     const char *zName,
12248     void *pContext,
12249     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
12250     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
12251   );
12252 };
12253 
12254 /*
12255 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
12256 *************************************************************************/
12257 
12258 #ifdef __cplusplus
12259 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
12260 #endif
12261 
12262 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
12263 
12264 /******** End of fts5.h *********/
12265