xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision ae07a5805b1906f29e786f415d67bef334557bd3)
1 /*
2 ** 2001-09-15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef SQLITE3_H
34 #define SQLITE3_H
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Facilitate override of interface linkage and calling conventions.
47 ** Be aware that these macros may not be used within this particular
48 ** translation of the amalgamation and its associated header file.
49 **
50 ** The SQLITE_EXTERN and SQLITE_API macros are used to instruct the
51 ** compiler that the target identifier should have external linkage.
52 **
53 ** The SQLITE_CDECL macro is used to set the calling convention for
54 ** public functions that accept a variable number of arguments.
55 **
56 ** The SQLITE_APICALL macro is used to set the calling convention for
57 ** public functions that accept a fixed number of arguments.
58 **
59 ** The SQLITE_STDCALL macro is no longer used and is now deprecated.
60 **
61 ** The SQLITE_CALLBACK macro is used to set the calling convention for
62 ** function pointers.
63 **
64 ** The SQLITE_SYSAPI macro is used to set the calling convention for
65 ** functions provided by the operating system.
66 **
67 ** Currently, the SQLITE_CDECL, SQLITE_APICALL, SQLITE_CALLBACK, and
68 ** SQLITE_SYSAPI macros are used only when building for environments
69 ** that require non-default calling conventions.
70 */
71 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
72 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
73 #endif
74 #ifndef SQLITE_API
75 # define SQLITE_API
76 #endif
77 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
78 # define SQLITE_CDECL
79 #endif
80 #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
81 # define SQLITE_APICALL
82 #endif
83 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
84 # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
85 #endif
86 #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
87 # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
88 #endif
89 #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
90 # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
91 #endif
92 
93 /*
94 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
95 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
96 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
97 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
98 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
99 **
100 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
101 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
102 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
103 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
104 ** noop macros.
105 */
106 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
107 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
108 
109 /*
110 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
111 */
112 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
113 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
114 #endif
115 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
116 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
117 #endif
118 
119 /*
120 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
121 **
122 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
123 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
124 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
125 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
126 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
127 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
128 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
129 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
130 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
131 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
132 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
133 **
134 ** Since [version 3.6.18] ([dateof:3.6.18]),
135 ** SQLite source code has been stored in the
136 ** <a href="http://fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
137 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
138 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
139 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
140 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
141 ** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
142 ** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
143 ** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
144 **
145 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
146 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
147 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
148 */
149 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.50.2"
150 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3050002
151 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2025-06-28 14:00:48 2af157d77fb1304a74176eaee7fbc7c7e932d946bf25325e9c26c91db19e3079"
152 
153 /*
154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
155 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
156 **
157 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
158 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
159 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
160 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
161 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
162 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
163 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
164 **
165 ** <blockquote><pre>
166 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
167 ** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
168 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
169 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
170 **
171 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
172 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
173 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
174 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
175 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
176 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
177 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
178 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
179 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
180 ** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
181 ** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
182 **
183 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
184 */
185 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
186 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
187 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
188 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
189 
190 /*
191 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
192 **
193 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
194 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
195 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
196 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
197 **
198 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
199 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
200 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
201 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
202 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
203 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
204 **
205 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
206 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
207 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
208 **
209 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
210 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
211 */
212 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
213 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
214 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
215 #else
216 # define sqlite3_compileoption_used(X) 0
217 # define sqlite3_compileoption_get(X)  ((void*)0)
218 #endif
219 
220 /*
221 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
222 **
223 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
224 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
225 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
226 **
227 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
228 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
229 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
230 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
231 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
232 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
233 **
234 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
235 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
236 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
237 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
238 **
239 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
240 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
241 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
242 **
243 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
244 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
245 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
246 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
247 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
248 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
249 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
250 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
251 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
252 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
253 **
254 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
255 */
256 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
257 
258 /*
259 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
260 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
261 **
262 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
263 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
264 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
265 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
266 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
267 ** interfaces (such as
268 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
269 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
270 ** sqlite3 object.
271 */
272 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
273 
274 /*
275 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
276 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
277 **
278 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
279 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
280 **
281 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
282 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
283 ** compatibility only.
284 **
285 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
286 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
287 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
288 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
289 */
290 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
291   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
292 # ifdef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE
293     typedef SQLITE_UINT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
294 # else
295     typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
296 # endif
297 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
298   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
299   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
300 #else
301   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
302   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
303 #endif
304 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
305 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
306 
307 /*
308 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
309 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
310 */
311 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
312 # define double sqlite3_int64
313 #endif
314 
315 /*
316 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
317 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
318 **
319 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
320 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
321 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
322 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
323 ** resources are deallocated.
324 **
325 ** Ideally, applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all
326 ** [prepared statements], [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
327 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
328 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.
329 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
330 ** statements, BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then
331 ** sqlite3_close() will leave the database connection open and return
332 ** [SQLITE_BUSY]. ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared
333 ** statements, unclosed BLOB handlers, and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups,
334 ** it returns [SQLITE_OK] regardless, but instead of deallocating the database
335 ** connection immediately, it marks the database connection as an unusable
336 ** "zombie" and makes arrangements to automatically deallocate the database
337 ** connection after all prepared statements are finalized, all BLOB handles
338 ** are closed, and all backups have finished. The sqlite3_close_v2() interface
339 ** is intended for use with host languages that are garbage collected, and
340 ** where the order in which destructors are called is arbitrary.
341 **
342 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
343 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
344 **
345 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
346 ** must be either a NULL
347 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
348 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
349 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
350 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
351 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
352 */
353 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
354 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
355 
356 /*
357 ** The type for a callback function.
358 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
359 ** compatibility and is not documented.
360 */
361 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
362 
363 /*
364 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
365 ** METHOD: sqlite3
366 **
367 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
368 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
369 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
370 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
371 **
372 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
373 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
374 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
375 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
376 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
377 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
378 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
379 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
380 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
381 ** ignored.
382 **
383 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
384 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
385 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
386 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
387 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
388 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
389 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
390 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
391 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
392 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
393 ** NULL before returning.
394 **
395 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
396 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
397 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
398 **
399 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
400 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
401 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
402 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
403 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
404 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
405 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
406 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
407 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
408 **
409 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
410 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
411 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
412 ** is not changed.
413 **
414 ** Restrictions:
415 **
416 ** <ul>
417 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
418 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
419 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
420 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
421 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
422 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
423 ** <li> The application must not dereference the arrays or string pointers
424 **       passed as the 3rd and 4th callback parameters after it returns.
425 ** </ul>
426 */
427 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
428   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
429   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
430   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
431   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
432   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
433 );
434 
435 /*
436 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
437 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
438 **
439 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
440 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
441 **
442 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
443 **
444 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
445 */
446 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
447 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
448 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
449 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
450 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
451 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
452 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
453 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
454 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
455 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
456 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
457 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
458 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
459 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
460 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
461 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
462 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
463 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
464 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
465 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
466 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
467 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
468 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
469 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
470 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
471 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
472 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
473 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
474 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
475 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
476 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
477 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
478 /* end-of-error-codes */
479 
480 /*
481 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
482 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
483 **
484 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
485 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
486 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
487 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
488 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 [dateof:3.3.8]
489 ** and later) include
490 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
491 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
492 ** on a per database connection basis using the
493 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
494 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
495 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
496 */
497 #define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT          (SQLITE_ERROR | (3<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
509 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
510 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
511 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
512 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
513 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
514 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
515 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
516 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
517 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
518 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
519 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
520 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
521 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
522 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
523 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
524 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
525 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
526 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
527 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
528 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      (SQLITE_IOERR | (29<<8))
529 #define SQLITE_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (30<<8))
530 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   (SQLITE_IOERR | (31<<8))
531 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DATA              (SQLITE_IOERR | (32<<8))
532 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CORRUPTFS         (SQLITE_IOERR | (33<<8))
533 #define SQLITE_IOERR_IN_PAGE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (34<<8))
534 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
535 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_VTAB             (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (2<<8))
536 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
537 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
538 #define SQLITE_BUSY_TIMEOUT            (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (3<<8))
539 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
540 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
541 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
542 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
543 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_DIRTYWAL       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (5<<8)) /* Not Used */
544 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_SYMLINK        (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (6<<8))
545 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
546 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_SEQUENCE        (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (2<<8))
547 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_INDEX           (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (3<<8))
548 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
549 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
550 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
551 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
552 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
553 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
554 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
555 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
556 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
557 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
558 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
559 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
560 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
561 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
562 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
563 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
564 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
565 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
566 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
567 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
568 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
569 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RBU              (SQLITE_NOTICE | (3<<8))
570 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
571 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
572 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
573 #define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */
574 
575 /*
576 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
577 **
578 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
579 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
580 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
581 **
582 ** Only those flags marked as "Ok for sqlite3_open_v2()" may be
583 ** used as the third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface.
584 ** The other flags have historically been ignored by sqlite3_open_v2(),
585 ** though future versions of SQLite might change so that an error is
586 ** raised if any of the disallowed bits are passed into sqlite3_open_v2().
587 ** Applications should not depend on the historical behavior.
588 **
589 ** Note in particular that passing the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag into
590 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] does *not* cause the underlying database file
591 ** to be opened using O_EXCL.  Passing SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE into
592 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] has historically be a no-op and might become an
593 ** error in future versions of SQLite.
594 */
595 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
596 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
597 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
598 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
599 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
600 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
601 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
602 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
603 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
604 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
605 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
606 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
607 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
608 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
609 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL    0x00004000  /* VFS only */
610 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
611 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
612 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
613 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
614 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
615 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW         0x01000000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
616 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE        0x02000000  /* Extended result codes */
617 
618 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
619 /* Legacy compatibility: */
620 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
621 
622 
623 /*
624 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
625 **
626 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
627 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
628 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
629 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
630 ** refers to.
631 **
632 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
633 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
634 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
635 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
636 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
637 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
638 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
639 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
640 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
641 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
642 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
643 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
644 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
645 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
646 ** flag indicates that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
647 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
648 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
649 ** elevated privileges.
650 **
651 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC property means that the underlying
652 ** filesystem supports doing multiple write operations atomically when those
653 ** write operations are bracketed by [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] and
654 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].
655 **
656 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ property means that it is ok to read
657 ** from the database file in amounts that are not a multiple of the
658 ** page size and that do not begin at a page boundary.  Without this
659 ** property, SQLite is careful to only do full-page reads and write
660 ** on aligned pages, with the one exception that it will do a sub-page
661 ** read of the first page to access the database header.
662 */
663 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
664 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
665 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
666 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
667 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
668 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
669 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
670 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
671 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
672 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
673 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
674 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
675 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
676 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
677 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC           0x00004000
678 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ           0x00008000
679 
680 /*
681 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
682 **
683 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
684 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
685 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.  These values are ordered from
686 ** lest restrictive to most restrictive.
687 **
688 ** The argument to xLock() is always SHARED or higher.  The argument to
689 ** xUnlock is either SHARED or NONE.
690 */
691 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0       /* xUnlock() only */
692 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1       /* xLock() or xUnlock() */
693 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2       /* xLock() only */
694 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3       /* xLock() only */
695 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4       /* xLock() only */
696 
697 /*
698 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
699 **
700 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
701 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
702 ** these integer values as the second argument.
703 **
704 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
705 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
706 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
707 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
708 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
709 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
710 **
711 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
712 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
713 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
714 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
715 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
716 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
717 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
718 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
719 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
720 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
721 ** cares about the difference.)
722 */
723 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
724 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
725 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
726 
727 /*
728 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
729 **
730 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
731 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
732 ** implementations will
733 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
734 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
735 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
736 ** I/O operations on the open file.
737 */
738 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
739 struct sqlite3_file {
740   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
741 };
742 
743 /*
744 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
745 **
746 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
747 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
748 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
749 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
750 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
751 **
752 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
753 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
754 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
755 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
756 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
757 ** to NULL.
758 **
759 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
760 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
761 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
762 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
763 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
764 **
765 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
766 ** <ul>
767 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
768 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
769 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
770 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
771 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
772 ** </ul>
773 ** xLock() upgrades the database file lock.  In other words, xLock() moves the
774 ** database file lock in the direction NONE toward EXCLUSIVE. The argument to
775 ** xLock() is always one of SHARED, RESERVED, PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE, never
776 ** SQLITE_LOCK_NONE.  If the database file lock is already at or above the
777 ** requested lock, then the call to xLock() is a no-op.
778 ** xUnlock() downgrades the database file lock to either SHARED or NONE.
779 ** If the lock is already at or below the requested lock state, then the call
780 ** to xUnlock() is a no-op.
781 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
782 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
783 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns, via its output
784 ** pointer parameter, true if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
785 **
786 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
787 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
788 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
789 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
790 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
791 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
792 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
793 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
794 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
795 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
796 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
797 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
798 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
799 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
800 ** recognize.
801 **
802 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
803 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
804 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
805 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
806 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
807 ** underlying device:
808 **
809 ** <ul>
810 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
811 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
812 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
813 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
814 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
815 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
816 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
817 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
818 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
819 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
820 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
821 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN]
822 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]
823 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE]
824 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC]
825 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ]
826 ** </ul>
827 **
828 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
829 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
830 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
831 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
832 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
833 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
834 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
835 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
836 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
837 ** to xWrite().
838 **
839 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
840 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
841 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
842 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
843 ** database corruption.
844 */
845 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
846 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
847   int iVersion;
848   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
849   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
850   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
851   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
852   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
853   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
854   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
855   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
856   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
857   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
858   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
859   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
860   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
861   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
862   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
863   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
864   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
865   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
866   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
867   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
868   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
869   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
870 };
871 
872 /*
873 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
874 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
875 **
876 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
877 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
878 ** interface.
879 **
880 ** <ul>
881 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
882 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
883 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
884 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
885 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
886 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to.
887 ** This capability is only available if SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG].
888 **
889 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
890 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
891 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
892 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
893 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
894 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
895 ** file run faster.
896 **
897 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT]]
898 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] opcode is used by in-memory VFS that
899 ** implements [sqlite3_deserialize()] to set an upper bound on the size
900 ** of the in-memory database.  The argument is a pointer to a [sqlite3_int64].
901 ** If the integer pointed to is negative, then it is filled in with the
902 ** current limit.  Otherwise the limit is set to the larger of the value
903 ** of the integer pointed to and the current database size.  The integer
904 ** pointed to is set to the new limit.
905 **
906 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
907 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
908 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
909 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
910 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
911 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
912 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
913 ** improve performance on some systems.
914 **
915 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
916 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
917 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
918 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
919 **
920 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
921 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
922 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
923 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
924 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
925 **
926 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
927 ** No longer in use.
928 **
929 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
930 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
931 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
932 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
933 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
934 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
935 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
936 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
937 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
938 ** string containing the transactions super-journal file name. VFSes that
939 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
940 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
941 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
942 **
943 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
944 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
945 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
946 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
947 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
948 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
949 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
950 **
951 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
952 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
953 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
954 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
955 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
956 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
957 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
958 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
959 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
960 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
961 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
962 ** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
963 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
964 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
965 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
966 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
967 **
968 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
969 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
970 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
971 ** write ahead log ([WAL file]) and shared memory
972 ** files used for transaction control
973 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
974 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
975 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
976 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
977 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
978 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
979 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
980 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
981 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
982 ** WAL persistence setting.
983 **
984 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
985 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
986 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
987 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
988 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
989 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
990 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
991 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
992 ** zero-damage mode setting.
993 **
994 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
995 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
996 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
997 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
998 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
999 **
1000 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
1001 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
1002 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
1003 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
1004 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
1005 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
1006 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
1007 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
1008 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
1009 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
1010 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
1011 **
1012 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
1013 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
1014 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
1015 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
1016 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
1017 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
1018 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
1019 ** upper-most shim only.
1020 **
1021 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
1022 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1023 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
1024 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
1025 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
1026 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
1027 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
1028 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
1029 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
1030 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
1031 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
1032 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
1033 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
1034 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1035 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
1036 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
1037 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
1038 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
1039 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
1040 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
1041 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
1042 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
1043 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
1044 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
1045 **
1046 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
1047 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
1048 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
1049 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
1050 ** to the connection's busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void**)
1051 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
1052 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connection's
1053 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
1054 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
1055 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
1056 ** current operation.
1057 **
1058 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
1059 ** ^Applications can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
1060 ** to have SQLite generate a
1061 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
1062 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
1063 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
1064 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
1065 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
1066 **
1067 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
1068 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
1069 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
1070 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
1071 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
1072 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
1073 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
1074 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
1075 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
1076 **
1077 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
1078 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
1079 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
1080 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
1081 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
1082 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
1083 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
1084 **
1085 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
1086 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
1087 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
1088 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
1089 ** was first opened.
1090 **
1091 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE]]
1092 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE] opcode can be used to obtain the
1093 ** underlying native file handle associated with a file handle.  This file
1094 ** control interprets its argument as a pointer to a native file handle and
1095 ** writes the resulting value there.
1096 **
1097 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
1098 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
1099 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
1100 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
1101 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
1102 **
1103 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO]]
1104 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO] opcode sets the low-level file descriptor
1105 ** or file handle for the [sqlite3_file] object such that it will no longer
1106 ** read or write to the database file.
1107 **
1108 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
1109 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
1110 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
1111 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
1112 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
1113 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
1114 **
1115 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
1116 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
1117 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
1118 **
1119 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
1120 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
1121 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
1122 ** this opcode.
1123 **
1124 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1125 ** If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode returns SQLITE_OK, then
1126 ** the file descriptor is placed in "batch write mode", which
1127 ** means all subsequent write operations will be deferred and done
1128 ** atomically at the next [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE].  Systems
1129 ** that do not support batch atomic writes will return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
1130 ** ^Following a successful SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE and prior to
1131 ** the closing [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] or
1132 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE], SQLite will make
1133 ** no VFS interface calls on the same [sqlite3_file] file descriptor
1134 ** except for calls to the xWrite method and the xFileControl method
1135 ** with [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT].
1136 **
1137 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1138 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1139 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1140 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be performed atomically.
1141 ** This file control returns [SQLITE_OK] if and only if the writes were
1142 ** all performed successfully and have been committed to persistent storage.
1143 ** ^Regardless of whether or not it is successful, this file control takes
1144 ** the file descriptor out of batch write mode so that all subsequent
1145 ** write operations are independent.
1146 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1147 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1148 **
1149 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE]]
1150 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE] opcode causes all write
1151 ** operations since the previous successful call to
1152 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE] to be rolled back.
1153 ** ^This file control takes the file descriptor out of batch write mode
1154 ** so that all subsequent write operations are independent.
1155 ** ^SQLite will never invoke SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE without
1156 ** a prior successful call to [SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE].
1157 **
1158 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT]]
1159 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT] opcode is used to configure a VFS
1160 ** to block for up to M milliseconds before failing when attempting to
1161 ** obtain a file lock using the xLock or xShmLock methods of the VFS.
1162 ** The parameter is a pointer to a 32-bit signed integer that contains
1163 ** the value that M is to be set to. Before returning, the 32-bit signed
1164 ** integer is overwritten with the previous value of M.
1165 **
1166 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT]]
1167 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT] opcode is used to configure the
1168 ** VFS to block when taking a SHARED lock to connect to a wal mode database.
1169 ** This is used to implement the functionality associated with
1170 ** SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT.
1171 **
1172 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION]]
1173 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] opcode is used to detect changes to
1174 ** a database file.  The argument is a pointer to a 32-bit unsigned integer.
1175 ** The "data version" for the pager is written into the pointer.  The
1176 ** "data version" changes whenever any change occurs to the corresponding
1177 ** database file, either through SQL statements on the same database
1178 ** connection or through transactions committed by separate database
1179 ** connections possibly in other processes. The [sqlite3_total_changes()]
1180 ** interface can be used to find if any database on the connection has changed,
1181 ** but that interface responds to changes on TEMP as well as MAIN and does
1182 ** not provide a mechanism to detect changes to MAIN only.  Also, the
1183 ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface responds to internal changes only and
1184 ** omits changes made by other database connections.  The
1185 ** [PRAGMA data_version] command provides a mechanism to detect changes to
1186 ** a single attached database that occur due to other database connections,
1187 ** but omits changes implemented by the database connection on which it is
1188 ** called.  This file control is the only mechanism to detect changes that
1189 ** happen either internally or externally and that are associated with
1190 ** a particular attached database.
1191 **
1192 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START]]
1193 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1194 ** in wal mode before the client starts to copy pages from the wal
1195 ** file to the database file.
1196 **
1197 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE]]
1198 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE] opcode is invoked from within a checkpoint
1199 ** in wal mode after the client has finished copying pages from the wal
1200 ** file to the database file, but before the *-shm file is updated to
1201 ** record the fact that the pages have been checkpointed.
1202 **
1203 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER]]
1204 ** The EXPERIMENTAL [SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER] opcode is used to detect
1205 ** whether or not there is a database client in another process with a wal-mode
1206 ** transaction open on the database or not. It is only available on unix.The
1207 ** (void*) argument passed with this file-control should be a pointer to a
1208 ** value of type (int). The integer value is set to 1 if the database is a wal
1209 ** mode database and there exists at least one client in another process that
1210 ** currently has an SQL transaction open on the database. It is set to 0 if
1211 ** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
1212 ** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
1213 ** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
1214 **
1215 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
1216 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE] opcode is for use internally by the
1217 ** [checksum VFS shim] only.
1218 **
1219 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE]]
1220 ** If there is currently no transaction open on the database, and the
1221 ** database is not a temp db, then the [SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE] file-control
1222 ** purges the contents of the in-memory page cache. If there is an open
1223 ** transaction, or if the db is a temp-db, this opcode is a no-op, not an error.
1224 ** </ul>
1225 */
1226 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1227 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1228 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1229 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1230 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1231 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1232 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1233 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1234 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1235 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1236 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1237 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1238 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1239 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1240 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1241 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1242 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1243 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1244 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1245 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1246 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1247 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1248 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1249 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1250 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1251 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1252 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1253 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_GET_HANDLE       29
1254 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PDB                    30
1255 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE     31
1256 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE    32
1257 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE  33
1258 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT           34
1259 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
1260 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
1261 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
1262 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
1263 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
1264 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
1265 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
1266 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42
1267 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_NULL_IO                43
1268 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT       44
1269 
1270 /* deprecated names */
1271 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1272 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1273 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1274 
1275 
1276 /*
1277 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1278 **
1279 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1280 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1281 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1282 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1283 **
1284 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1285 */
1286 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1287 
1288 /*
1289 ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1290 **
1291 ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1292 ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1293 ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1294 ** on some platforms.
1295 */
1296 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1297 
1298 /*
1299 ** CAPI3REF: File Name
1300 **
1301 ** Type [sqlite3_filename] is used by SQLite to pass filenames to the
1302 ** xOpen method of a [VFS]. It may be cast to (const char*) and treated
1303 ** as a normal, nul-terminated, UTF-8 buffer containing the filename, but
1304 ** may also be passed to special APIs such as:
1305 **
1306 ** <ul>
1307 ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_database()
1308 ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_journal()
1309 ** <li>  sqlite3_filename_wal()
1310 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_parameter()
1311 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_boolean()
1312 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_int64()
1313 ** <li>  sqlite3_uri_key()
1314 ** </ul>
1315 */
1316 typedef const char *sqlite3_filename;
1317 
1318 /*
1319 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1320 **
1321 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1322 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1323 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1324 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1325 **
1326 ** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
1327 ** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
1328 ** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
1329 ** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
1330 ** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
1331 ** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
1332 ** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
1333 ** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
1334 ** Note that due to an oversight, the structure
1335 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changed in the transition from
1336 ** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
1337 ** and yet the iVersion field was not increased.
1338 **
1339 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1340 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1341 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1342 **
1343 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1344 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1345 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1346 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1347 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1348 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1349 **
1350 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1351 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1352 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1353 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1354 ** object once the object has been registered.
1355 **
1356 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1357 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1358 **
1359 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1360 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1361 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1362 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1363 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1364 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1365 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1366 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1367 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1368 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1369 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1370 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1371 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1372 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1373 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1374 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1375 **
1376 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1377 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1378 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1379 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1380 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1381 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1382 **
1383 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1384 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1385 **
1386 ** <ul>
1387 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1388 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1389 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1390 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1391 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1392 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1393 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUPER_JOURNAL]
1394 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1395 ** </ul>)^
1396 **
1397 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1398 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1399 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1400 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1401 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1402 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1403 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1404 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1405 **
1406 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1407 **
1408 ** <ul>
1409 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1410 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1411 ** </ul>
1412 **
1413 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1414 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1415 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1416 ** databases, and subjournals.
1417 **
1418 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1419 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1420 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1421 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1422 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1423 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1424 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1425 ** for exclusive access.
1426 **
1427 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1428 ** to hold the [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1429 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1430 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1431 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1432 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1433 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1434 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1435 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1436 **
1437 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1438 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1439 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1440 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1441 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ
1442 ** flag is never actually used and is not implemented in the built-in
1443 ** VFSes of SQLite.  The file is named by the second argument and can be a
1444 ** directory. The xAccess method returns [SQLITE_OK] on success or some
1445 ** non-zero error code if there is an I/O error or if the name of
1446 ** the file given in the second argument is illegal.  If SQLITE_OK
1447 ** is returned, then non-zero or zero is written into *pResOut to indicate
1448 ** whether or not the file is accessible.
1449 **
1450 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1451 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1452 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1453 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1454 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1455 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1456 **
1457 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1458 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1459 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1460 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1461 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1462 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1463 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1464 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1465 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1466 ** a floating point value.
1467 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1468 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1469 ** a 24-hour day).
1470 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1471 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1472 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1473 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1474 **
1475 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1476 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1477 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1478 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1479 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1480 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1481 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1482 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1483 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1484 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1485 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1486 */
1487 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1488 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1489 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1490   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1491   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1492   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1493   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1494   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1495   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1496   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_filename zName, sqlite3_file*,
1497                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1498   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1499   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1500   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1501   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1502   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1503   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1504   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1505   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1506   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1507   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1508   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1509   /*
1510   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1511   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1512   */
1513   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1514   /*
1515   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1516   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1517   */
1518   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1519   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1520   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1521   /*
1522   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1523   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1524   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1525   */
1526 };
1527 
1528 /*
1529 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1530 **
1531 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1532 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1533 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1534 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1535 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1536 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1537 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1538 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1539 ** the directory).
1540 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1541 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1542 ** release of SQLite.
1543 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1544 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1545 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1546 ** SQLite.
1547 */
1548 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1549 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1550 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1551 
1552 /*
1553 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1554 **
1555 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1556 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1557 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1558 ** xShmLock method:
1559 **
1560 ** <ul>
1561 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1562 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1563 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1564 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1565 ** </ul>
1566 **
1567 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1568 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1569 **
1570 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1571 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1572 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1573 */
1574 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1575 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1576 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1577 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1578 
1579 /*
1580 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1581 **
1582 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1583 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1584 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1585 ** lock outside of this range
1586 */
1587 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1588 
1589 
1590 /*
1591 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1592 **
1593 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1594 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1595 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1596 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1597 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1598 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1599 **
1600 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1601 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1602 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1603 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1604 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1605 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1606 **
1607 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1608 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1609 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1610 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1611 **
1612 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1613 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1614 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1615 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1616 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1617 **
1618 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1619 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1620 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1621 **
1622 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1623 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1624 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1625 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1626 **
1627 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1628 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1629 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1630 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1631 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1632 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1633 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1634 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1635 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1636 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1637 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1638 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1639 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1640 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1641 **
1642 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1643 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1644 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1645 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1646 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1647 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1648 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1649 **
1650 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1651 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1652 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1653 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1654 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1655 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1656 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1657 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1658 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1659 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1660 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1661 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1662 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1663 ** failure.
1664 */
1665 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1666 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1667 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1668 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1669 
1670 /*
1671 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1672 **
1673 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1674 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1675 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1676 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1677 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1678 **
1679 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1680 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1681 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1682 **
1683 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1684 ** [configuration option] that determines
1685 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1686 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1687 ** in the first argument.
1688 **
1689 ** For most configuration options, the sqlite3_config() interface
1690 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1691 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1692 ** The exceptional configuration options that may be invoked at any time
1693 ** are called "anytime configuration options".
1694 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1695 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] with a first argument that is not an anytime
1696 ** configuration option, then the sqlite3_config() call will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1697 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1698 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1699 **
1700 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1701 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1702 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1703 */
1704 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1705 
1706 /*
1707 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1708 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1709 **
1710 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1711 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1712 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1713 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1714 **
1715 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1716 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1717 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1718 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1719 **
1720 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1721 ** the call is considered successful.
1722 */
1723 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1724 
1725 /*
1726 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1727 **
1728 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1729 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1730 **
1731 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1732 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1733 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1734 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1735 ** By creating an instance of this object
1736 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1737 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1738 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1739 ** dynamic memory needs.
1740 **
1741 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1742 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1743 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1744 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1745 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1746 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1747 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1748 ** conditions.
1749 **
1750 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1751 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1752 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1753 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1754 **
1755 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1756 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1757 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1758 **
1759 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1760 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1761 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1762 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1763 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1764 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1765 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1766 **
1767 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1768 ** it might allocate any required mutexes or initialize internal data
1769 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1770 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1771 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1772 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1773 **
1774 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN] mutex when it invokes
1775 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1776 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1777 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1778 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1779 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1780 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1781 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1782 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1783 ** serialization.
1784 **
1785 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1786 ** call to xShutdown().
1787 */
1788 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1789 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1790   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1791   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1792   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1793   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1794   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1795   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1796   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1797   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1798 };
1799 
1800 /*
1801 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1802 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1803 **
1804 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1805 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1806 **
1807 ** Most of the configuration options for sqlite3_config()
1808 ** will only work if invoked prior to [sqlite3_initialize()] or after
1809 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()].  The few exceptions to this rule are called
1810 ** "anytime configuration options".
1811 ** ^Calling [sqlite3_config()] with a first argument that is not an
1812 ** anytime configuration option in between calls to [sqlite3_initialize()] and
1813 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] is a no-op that returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
1814 **
1815 ** The set of anytime configuration options can change (by insertions
1816 ** and/or deletions) from one release of SQLite to the next.
1817 ** As of SQLite version 3.42.0, the complete set of anytime configuration
1818 ** options is:
1819 ** <ul>
1820 ** <li> SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG
1821 ** <li> SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1822 ** </ul>
1823 **
1824 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1825 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1826 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1827 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1828 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1829 ** is invoked.
1830 **
1831 ** <dl>
1832 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1833 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1834 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1835 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1836 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1837 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1838 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1839 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1840 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1841 ** configuration option.</dd>
1842 **
1843 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1844 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1845 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1846 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1847 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1848 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1849 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1850 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1851 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1852 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1853 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1854 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1855 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1856 **
1857 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1858 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1859 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1860 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1861 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1862 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1863 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1864 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1865 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1866 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1867 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1868 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1869 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1870 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1871 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1872 **
1873 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1874 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1875 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1876 ** The argument specifies
1877 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1878 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1879 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1880 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1881 **
1882 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1883 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1884 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1885 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1886 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1887 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1888 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1889 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1890 **
1891 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
1892 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
1893 ** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
1894 ** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
1895 ** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
1896 ** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
1897 ** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
1898 ** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
1899 ** </dd>
1900 **
1901 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1902 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1903 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1904 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1905 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1906 **   <ul>
1907 **   <li> [sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64()]
1908 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1909 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1910 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1911 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1912 **   </ul>)^
1913 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1914 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1915 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1916 ** </dd>
1917 **
1918 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1919 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
1920 ** </dd>
1921 **
1922 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1923 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1924 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1925 ** cache implementation.
1926 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-defined page
1927 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1928 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1929 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1930 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1931 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1932 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1933 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1934 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1935 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1936 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1937 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1938 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1939 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1940 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1941 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1942 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1943 ** is exhausted.
1944 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1945 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1946 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1947 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1948 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1949 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1950 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1951 **
1952 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1953 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1954 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1955 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1956 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1957 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1958 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1959 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1960 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1961 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1962 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1963 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1964 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1965 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1966 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1967 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1968 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1969 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1970 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1971 **
1972 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1973 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1974 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1975 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1976 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1977 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1978 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1979 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1980 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1981 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1982 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1983 **
1984 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1985 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1986 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1987 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1988 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1989 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1990 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1991 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1992 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1993 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1994 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1995 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1996 **
1997 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1998 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1999 ** the default size of [lookaside memory] on each [database connection].
2000 ** The first argument is the
2001 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot ("sz") and the second is the number of
2002 ** slots allocated to each database connection ("cnt").)^
2003 ** ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size.
2004 ** The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE] option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can
2005 ** be used to change the lookaside configuration on individual connections.)^
2006 ** The [-DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE] option can be used to change the
2007 ** default lookaside configuration at compile-time.
2008 ** </dd>
2009 **
2010 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
2011 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
2012 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
2013 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
2014 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
2015 **
2016 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
2017 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
2018 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
2019 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
2020 **
2021 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
2022 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
2023 ** global [error log].
2024 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
2025 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
2026 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
2027 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
2028 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
2029 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
2030 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
2031 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
2032 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
2033 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
2034 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
2035 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
2036 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
2037 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
2038 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
2039 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
2040 **
2041 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
2042 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
2043 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
2044 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
2045 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
2046 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
2047 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
2048 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
2049 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
2050 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
2051 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
2052 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
2053 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
2054 **
2055 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
2056 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
2057 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
2058 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
2059 ** ^The default setting is determined
2060 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
2061 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
2062 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
2063 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
2064 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
2065 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
2066 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
2067 **
2068 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
2069 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
2070 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
2071 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
2072 ** </dd>
2073 **
2074 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
2075 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
2076 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
2077 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
2078 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
2079 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
2080 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
2081 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
2082 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
2083 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
2084 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
2085 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
2086 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
2087 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
2088 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
2089 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
2090 **
2091 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
2092 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
2093 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
2094 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
2095 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
2096 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
2097 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
2098 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
2099 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
2100 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
2101 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
2102 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
2103 ** changed to its compile-time default.
2104 **
2105 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
2106 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
2107 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
2108 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
2109 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
2110 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
2111 **
2112 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
2113 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
2114 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
2115 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
2116 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
2117 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
2118 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
2119 **
2120 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
2121 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
2122 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
2123 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
2124 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
2125 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
2126 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
2127 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
2128 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
2129 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
2130 **
2131 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
2132 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
2133 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
2134 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
2135 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
2136 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
2137 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
2138 ** exclusively in memory.
2139 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
2140 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
2141 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
2142 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
2143 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
2144 **
2145 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
2146 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
2147 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
2148 ** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
2149 ** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
2150 ** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
2151 ** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
2152 ** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
2153 ** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
2154 ** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
2155 ** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
2156 ** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a
2157 ** negative value for this option restores the default behavior.
2158 ** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
2159 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
2160 **
2161 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE]]
2162 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE
2163 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE option accepts a single parameter
2164 ** [sqlite3_int64] parameter which is the default maximum size for an in-memory
2165 ** database created using [sqlite3_deserialize()].  This default maximum
2166 ** size can be adjusted up or down for individual databases using the
2167 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT] [sqlite3_file_control|file-control].  If this
2168 ** configuration setting is never used, then the default maximum is determined
2169 ** by the [SQLITE_MEMDB_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE] compile-time option.  If that
2170 ** compile-time option is not set, then the default maximum is 1073741824.
2171 **
2172 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW]]
2173 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW
2174 ** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW option enables or disables the ability
2175 ** for VIEWs to have a ROWID.  The capability can only be enabled if SQLite is
2176 ** compiled with -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW, in which case the capability
2177 ** defaults to on.  This configuration option queries the current setting or
2178 ** changes the setting to off or on.  The argument is a pointer to an integer.
2179 ** If that integer initially holds a value of 1, then the ability for VIEWs to
2180 ** have ROWIDs is activated.  If the integer initially holds zero, then the
2181 ** ability is deactivated.  Any other initial value for the integer leaves the
2182 ** setting unchanged.  After changes, if any, the integer is written with
2183 ** a 1 or 0, if the ability for VIEWs to have ROWIDs is on or off.  If SQLite
2184 ** is compiled without -DSQLITE_ALLOW_ROWID_IN_VIEW (which is the usual and
2185 ** recommended case) then the integer is always filled with zero, regardless
2186 ** if its initial value.
2187 ** </dl>
2188 */
2189 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD         1  /* nil */
2190 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD          2  /* nil */
2191 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED           3  /* nil */
2192 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC               4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2193 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC            5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
2194 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH              6  /* No longer used */
2195 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE            7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
2196 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP                 8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
2197 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS            9  /* boolean */
2198 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX               10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2199 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX            11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
2200 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC    12 which is now unused. */
2201 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE           13  /* int int */
2202 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE              14  /* no-op */
2203 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE           15  /* no-op */
2204 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG                 16  /* xFunc, void* */
2205 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI                 17  /* int */
2206 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2             18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2207 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2          19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
2208 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
2209 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG              21  /* xSqllog, void* */
2210 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE           22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
2211 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
2212 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
2213 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
2214 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
2215 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
2216 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE      28  /* int nByte */
2217 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMDB_MAXSIZE       29  /* sqlite3_int64 */
2218 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_ROWID_IN_VIEW       30  /* int* */
2219 
2220 /*
2221 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
2222 **
2223 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
2224 ** can be passed as the second parameter to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
2225 **
2226 ** The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface is a var-args functions.  It takes a
2227 ** variable number of parameters, though always at least two.  The number of
2228 ** parameters passed into sqlite3_db_config() depends on which of these
2229 ** constants is given as the second parameter.  This documentation page
2230 ** refers to parameters beyond the second as "arguments".  Thus, when this
2231 ** page says "the N-th argument" it means "the N-th parameter past the
2232 ** configuration option" or "the (N+2)-th parameter to sqlite3_db_config()".
2233 **
2234 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
2235 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
2236 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
2237 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
2238 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
2239 ** is invoked.
2240 **
2241 ** <dl>
2242 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]]
2243 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
2244 ** <dd> The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE option is used to adjust the
2245 ** configuration of the [lookaside memory allocator] within a database
2246 ** connection.
2247 ** The arguments to the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE option are <i>not</i>
2248 ** in the [DBCONFIG arguments|usual format].
2249 ** The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes three arguments, not two,
2250 ** so that a call to [sqlite3_db_config()] that uses SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE
2251 ** should have a total of five parameters.
2252 ** <ol>
2253 ** <li><p>The first argument ("buf") is a
2254 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
2255 ** The first argument may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
2256 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()].
2257 ** <li><P>The second argument ("sz") is the
2258 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  Lookaside is disabled if "sz"
2259 ** is less than 8.  The "sz" argument should be a multiple of 8 less than
2260 ** 65536.  If "sz" does not meet this constraint, it is reduced in size until
2261 ** it does.
2262 ** <li><p>The third argument ("cnt") is the number of slots. Lookaside is disabled
2263 ** if "cnt"is less than 1.  The "cnt" value will be reduced, if necessary, so
2264 ** that the product of "sz" and "cnt" does not exceed 2,147,418,112.  The "cnt"
2265 ** parameter is usually chosen so that the product of "sz" and "cnt" is less
2266 ** than 1,000,000.
2267 ** </ol>
2268 ** <p>If the "buf" argument is not NULL, then it must
2269 ** point to a memory buffer with a size that is greater than
2270 ** or equal to the product of "sz" and "cnt".
2271 ** The buffer must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.
2272 ** The lookaside memory
2273 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
2274 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
2275 ** when the value returned by [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED] is zero.
2276 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
2277 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
2278 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2279 ** If the "buf" argument is NULL and an attempt
2280 ** to allocate memory based on "sz" and "cnt" fails, then
2281 ** lookaside is silently disabled.
2282 ** <p>
2283 ** The [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE] configuration option can be used to set the
2284 ** default lookaside configuration at initialization.  The
2285 ** [-DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE] option can be used to set the default lookaside
2286 ** configuration at compile-time.  Typical values for lookaside are 1200 for
2287 ** "sz" and 40 to 100 for "cnt".
2288 ** </dd>
2289 **
2290 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
2291 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
2292 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
2293 ** [foreign key constraints].  This is the same setting that is
2294 ** enabled or disabled by the [PRAGMA foreign_keys] statement.
2295 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
2296 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
2297 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2298 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
2299 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2300 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
2301 **
2302 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER]]
2303 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
2304 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
2305 ** There should be two additional arguments.
2306 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
2307 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2308 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2309 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
2310 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2311 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back.
2312 **
2313 ** <p>Originally this option disabled all triggers.  ^(However, since
2314 ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP triggers are still allowed even if
2315 ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2316 ** triggers in the main database schema or in the schemas of [ATTACH]-ed
2317 ** databases.)^ </dd>
2318 **
2319 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW]]
2320 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW</dt>
2321 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE VIEW | views].
2322 ** There must be two additional arguments.
2323 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable views,
2324 ** positive to enable views or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2325 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2326 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether views are disabled or enabled
2327 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2328 ** which case the view setting is not reported back.
2329 **
2330 ** <p>Originally this option disabled all views.  ^(However, since
2331 ** SQLite version 3.35.0, TEMP views are still allowed even if
2332 ** this option is off.  So, in other words, this option now only disables
2333 ** views in the main database schema or in the schemas of ATTACH-ed
2334 ** databases.)^ </dd>
2335 **
2336 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER]]
2337 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
2338 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the
2339 ** [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
2340 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
2341 ** There must be two additional arguments.
2342 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
2343 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
2344 ** unchanged.
2345 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2346 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
2347 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
2348 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
2349 **
2350 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION]]
2351 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
2352 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
2353 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
2354 ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
2355 ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
2356 ** There must be two additional arguments.
2357 ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
2358 ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
2359 ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
2360 ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
2361 ** C-API or the SQL function.
2362 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2363 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
2364 ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
2365 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
2366 ** </dd>
2367 **
2368 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME</dt>
2369 ** <dd> ^This option is used to change the name of the "main" database
2370 ** schema.  This option does not follow the
2371 ** [DBCONFIG arguments|usual SQLITE_DBCONFIG argument format].
2372 ** This option takes exactly one additional argument so that the
2373 ** [sqlite3_db_config()] call has a total of three parameters.  The
2374 ** extra argument must be a pointer to a constant UTF8 string which
2375 ** will become the new schema name in place of "main".  ^SQLite does
2376 ** not make a copy of the new main schema name string, so the application
2377 ** must ensure that the argument passed into SQLITE_DBCONFIG MAINDBNAME
2378 ** is unchanged until after the database connection closes.
2379 ** </dd>
2380 **
2381 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE]]
2382 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE</dt>
2383 ** <dd> Usually, when a database in [WAL mode] is closed or detached from a
2384 ** database handle, SQLite checks if if there are other connections to the
2385 ** same database, and if there are no other database connection (if the
2386 ** connection being closed is the last open connection to the database),
2387 ** then SQLite performs a [checkpoint] before closing the connection and
2388 ** deletes the WAL file.  The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE option can
2389 ** be used to override that behavior. The first argument passed to this
2390 ** operation (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()]) is an integer
2391 ** which is positive to disable checkpoints-on-close, or zero (the default)
2392 ** to enable them, and negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2393 ** The second argument (the fourth parameter) is a pointer to an integer
2394 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
2395 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
2396 ** </dd>
2397 **
2398 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
2399 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
2400 ** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
2401 ** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
2402 ** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
2403 ** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
2404 ** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
2405 ** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
2406 ** was used during testing in the lab.
2407 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2408 ** the QPSG, positive to enable QPSG, or negative to leave the setting
2409 ** unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
2410 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the QPSG is disabled or enabled
2411 ** following this call.
2412 ** </dd>
2413 **
2414 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
2415 ** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not
2416 ** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
2417 ** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
2418 ** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
2419 ** positive to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it,
2420 ** or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
2421 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written
2422 ** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if
2423 ** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.
2424 ** </dd>
2425 **
2426 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE</dt>
2427 ** <dd> Set the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE flag and then run
2428 ** [VACUUM] in order to reset a database back to an empty database
2429 ** with no schema and no content. The following process works even for
2430 ** a badly corrupted database file:
2431 ** <ol>
2432 ** <li> If the database connection is newly opened, make sure it has read the
2433 **      database schema by preparing then discarding some query against the
2434 **      database, or calling sqlite3_table_column_metadata(), ignoring any
2435 **      errors.  This step is only necessary if the application desires to keep
2436 **      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
2437 **      the reset.
2438 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
2439 ** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
2440 ** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
2441 ** </ol>
2442 ** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
2443 ** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to
2444 ** help ensure that it does not happen by accident. Because this
2445 ** feature must be capable of resetting corrupt databases, and
2446 ** shutting down virtual tables may require access to that corrupt
2447 ** storage, the library must abandon any installed virtual tables
2448 ** without calling their xDestroy() methods.
2449 **
2450 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
2451 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
2452 ** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
2453 ** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
2454 ** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
2455 ** features include but are not limited to the following:
2456 ** <ul>
2457 ** <li> The [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] statement.
2458 ** <li> The [PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF] statement.
2459 ** <li> The [PRAGMA schema_version=N] statement.
2460 ** <li> Writes to the [sqlite_dbpage] virtual table.
2461 ** <li> Direct writes to [shadow tables].
2462 ** </ul>
2463 ** </dd>
2464 **
2465 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA</dt>
2466 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA option activates or deactivates the
2467 ** "writable_schema" flag. This has the same effect and is logically equivalent
2468 ** to setting [PRAGMA writable_schema=ON] or [PRAGMA writable_schema=OFF].
2469 ** The first argument to this setting is an integer which is 0 to disable
2470 ** the writable_schema, positive to enable writable_schema, or negative to
2471 ** leave the setting unchanged. The second parameter is a pointer to an
2472 ** integer into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether the writable_schema
2473 ** is enabled or disabled following this call.
2474 ** </dd>
2475 **
2476 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE]]
2477 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE</dt>
2478 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE option activates or deactivates
2479 ** the legacy behavior of the [ALTER TABLE RENAME] command such it
2480 ** behaves as it did prior to [version 3.24.0] (2018-06-04).  See the
2481 ** "Compatibility Notice" on the [ALTER TABLE RENAME documentation] for
2482 ** additional information. This feature can also be turned on and off
2483 ** using the [PRAGMA legacy_alter_table] statement.
2484 ** </dd>
2485 **
2486 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML]]
2487 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML</dt>
2488 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML option activates or deactivates
2489 ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DML statements
2490 ** only, that is DELETE, INSERT, SELECT, and UPDATE statements. The
2491 ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2492 ** compile-time option.
2493 ** </dd>
2494 **
2495 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL]]
2496 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL</dt>
2497 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS option activates or deactivates
2498 ** the legacy [double-quoted string literal] misfeature for DDL statements,
2499 ** such as CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX. The
2500 ** default value of this setting is determined by the [-DSQLITE_DQS]
2501 ** compile-time option.
2502 ** </dd>
2503 **
2504 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA]]
2505 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA</dt>
2506 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option tells SQLite to
2507 ** assume that database schemas are untainted by malicious content.
2508 ** When the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA option is disabled, SQLite
2509 ** takes additional defensive steps to protect the application from harm
2510 ** including:
2511 ** <ul>
2512 ** <li> Prohibit the use of SQL functions inside triggers, views,
2513 ** CHECK constraints, DEFAULT clauses, expression indexes,
2514 ** partial indexes, or generated columns
2515 ** unless those functions are tagged with [SQLITE_INNOCUOUS].
2516 ** <li> Prohibit the use of virtual tables inside of triggers or views
2517 ** unless those virtual tables are tagged with [SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS].
2518 ** </ul>
2519 ** This setting defaults to "on" for legacy compatibility, however
2520 ** all applications are advised to turn it off if possible. This setting
2521 ** can also be controlled using the [PRAGMA trusted_schema] statement.
2522 ** </dd>
2523 **
2524 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT]]
2525 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT</dt>
2526 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT option activates or deactivates
2527 ** the legacy file format flag.  When activated, this flag causes all newly
2528 ** created database file to have a schema format version number (the 4-byte
2529 ** integer found at offset 44 into the database header) of 1.  This in turn
2530 ** means that the resulting database file will be readable and writable by
2531 ** any SQLite version back to 3.0.0 ([dateof:3.0.0]).  Without this setting,
2532 ** newly created databases are generally not understandable by SQLite versions
2533 ** prior to 3.3.0 ([dateof:3.3.0]).  As these words are written, there
2534 ** is now scarcely any need to generate database files that are compatible
2535 ** all the way back to version 3.0.0, and so this setting is of little
2536 ** practical use, but is provided so that SQLite can continue to claim the
2537 ** ability to generate new database files that are compatible with  version
2538 ** 3.0.0.
2539 ** <p>Note that when the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT setting is on,
2540 ** the [VACUUM] command will fail with an obscure error when attempting to
2541 ** process a table with generated columns and a descending index.  This is
2542 ** not considered a bug since SQLite versions 3.3.0 and earlier do not support
2543 ** either generated columns or descending indexes.
2544 ** </dd>
2545 **
2546 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS]]
2547 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS</dt>
2548 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS option is only useful in
2549 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS builds. In this case, it sets or clears
2550 ** a flag that enables collection of the sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2()
2551 ** statistics. For statistics to be collected, the flag must be set on
2552 ** the database handle both when the SQL statement is prepared and when it
2553 ** is stepped. The flag is set (collection of statistics is enabled)
2554 ** by default. <p>This option takes two arguments: an integer and a pointer to
2555 ** an integer..  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
2556 ** leave unchanged the statement scanstatus option.  If the second argument
2557 ** is not NULL, then the value of the statement scanstatus setting after
2558 ** processing the first argument is written into the integer that the second
2559 ** argument points to.
2560 ** </dd>
2561 **
2562 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER]]
2563 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER</dt>
2564 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER option changes the default order
2565 ** in which tables and indexes are scanned so that the scans start at the end
2566 ** and work toward the beginning rather than starting at the beginning and
2567 ** working toward the end. Setting SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER is the
2568 ** same as setting [PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects]. <p>This option takes
2569 ** two arguments which are an integer and a pointer to an integer.  The first
2570 ** argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or leave unchanged the
2571 ** reverse scan order flag, respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL,
2572 ** then 0 or 1 is written into the integer that the second argument points to
2573 ** depending on if the reverse scan order flag is set after processing the
2574 ** first argument.
2575 ** </dd>
2576 **
2577 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE]]
2578 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE</dt>
2579 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE option enables or disables
2580 ** the ability of the [ATTACH DATABASE] SQL command to create a new database
2581 ** file if the database filed named in the ATTACH command does not already
2582 ** exist.  This ability of ATTACH to create a new database is enabled by
2583 ** default.  Applications can disable or reenable the ability for ATTACH to
2584 ** create new database files using this DBCONFIG option.<p>
2585 ** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
2586 ** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
2587 ** leave unchanged the attach-create flag, respectively.  If the second
2588 ** argument is not NULL, then 0 or 1 is written into the integer that the
2589 ** second argument points to depending on if the attach-create flag is set
2590 ** after processing the first argument.
2591 ** </dd>
2592 **
2593 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE]]
2594 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE</dt>
2595 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE option enables or disables the
2596 ** ability of the [ATTACH DATABASE] SQL command to open a database for writing.
2597 ** This capability is enabled by default.  Applications can disable or
2598 ** reenable this capability using the current DBCONFIG option.  If the
2599 ** the this capability is disabled, the [ATTACH] command will still work,
2600 ** but the database will be opened read-only.  If this option is disabled,
2601 ** then the ability to create a new database using [ATTACH] is also disabled,
2602 ** regardless of the value of the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE]
2603 ** option.<p>
2604 ** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
2605 ** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
2606 ** leave unchanged the ability to ATTACH another database for writing,
2607 ** respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL, then 0 or 1 is written
2608 ** into the integer to which the second argument points, depending on whether
2609 ** the ability to ATTACH a read/write database is enabled or disabled
2610 ** after processing the first argument.
2611 ** </dd>
2612 **
2613 ** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS]]
2614 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS</dt>
2615 ** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS option enables or disables the
2616 ** ability to include comments in SQL text.  Comments are enabled by default.
2617 ** An application can disable or reenable comments in SQL text using this
2618 ** DBCONFIG option.<p>
2619 ** This option takes two arguments which are an integer and a pointer
2620 ** to an integer.  The first argument is 1, 0, or -1 to enable, disable, or
2621 ** leave unchanged the ability to use comments in SQL text,
2622 ** respectively.  If the second argument is not NULL, then 0 or 1 is written
2623 ** into the integer that the second argument points to depending on if
2624 ** comments are allowed in SQL text after processing the first argument.
2625 ** </dd>
2626 **
2627 ** </dl>
2628 **
2629 ** [[DBCONFIG arguments]] <h3>Arguments To SQLITE_DBCONFIG Options</h3>
2630 **
2631 ** <p>Most of the SQLITE_DBCONFIG options take two arguments, so that the
2632 ** overall call to [sqlite3_db_config()] has a total of four parameters.
2633 ** The first argument (the third parameter to sqlite3_db_config()) is a integer.
2634 ** The second argument is a pointer to an integer.  If the first argument is 1,
2635 ** then the option becomes enabled.  If the first integer argument is 0, then the
2636 ** option is disabled.  If the first argument is -1, then the option setting
2637 ** is unchanged.  The second argument, the pointer to an integer, may be NULL.
2638 ** If the second argument is not NULL, then a value of 0 or 1 is written into
2639 ** the integer to which the second argument points, depending on whether the
2640 ** setting is disabled or enabled after applying any changes specified by
2641 ** the first argument.
2642 **
2643 ** <p>While most SQLITE_DBCONFIG options use the argument format
2644 ** described in the previous paragraph, the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME]
2645 ** and [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE] options are different.  See the
2646 ** documentation of those exceptional options for details.
2647 */
2648 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
2649 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
2650 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
2651 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
2652 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
2653 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
2654 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
2655 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
2656 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
2657 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE        1009 /* int int* */
2658 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE             1010 /* int int* */
2659 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_WRITABLE_SCHEMA       1011 /* int int* */
2660 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_ALTER_TABLE    1012 /* int int* */
2661 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML               1013 /* int int* */
2662 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DDL               1014 /* int int* */
2663 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_VIEW           1015 /* int int* */
2664 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LEGACY_FILE_FORMAT    1016 /* int int* */
2665 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA        1017 /* int int* */
2666 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_STMT_SCANSTATUS       1018 /* int int* */
2667 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_REVERSE_SCANORDER     1019 /* int int* */
2668 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_CREATE  1020 /* int int* */
2669 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_ATTACH_WRITE   1021 /* int int* */
2670 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_COMMENTS       1022 /* int int* */
2671 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1022 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
2672 
2673 /*
2674 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
2675 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2676 **
2677 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
2678 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
2679 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
2680 */
2681 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
2682 
2683 /*
2684 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
2685 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2686 **
2687 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
2688 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
2689 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
2690 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
2691 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2692 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2693 ** is another alias for the rowid.
2694 **
2695 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface usually returns the [rowid] of
2696 ** the most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2697 ** on database connection D. ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not
2698 ** recorded. ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables have ever occurred
2699 ** on the database connection D, then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns
2700 ** zero.
2701 **
2702 ** As well as being set automatically as rows are inserted into database
2703 ** tables, the value returned by this function may be set explicitly by
2704 ** [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()]
2705 **
2706 ** Some virtual table implementations may INSERT rows into rowid tables as
2707 ** part of committing a transaction (e.g. to flush data accumulated in memory
2708 ** to disk). In this case subsequent calls to this function return the rowid
2709 ** associated with these internal INSERT operations, which leads to
2710 ** unintuitive results. Virtual table implementations that do write to rowid
2711 ** tables in this way can avoid this problem by restoring the original
2712 ** rowid value using [sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid()] before returning
2713 ** control to the user.
2714 **
2715 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger then this routine will
2716 ** return the [rowid] of the inserted row as long as the trigger is
2717 ** running. Once the trigger program ends, the value returned
2718 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger was fired.)^
2719 **
2720 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2721 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2722 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2723 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2724 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2725 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2726 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2727 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2728 ** the return value of this interface.)^
2729 **
2730 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2731 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2732 **
2733 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2734 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2735 **
2736 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2737 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2738 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2739 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2740 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2741 ** last insert [rowid].
2742 */
2743 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2744 
2745 /*
2746 ** CAPI3REF: Set the Last Insert Rowid value.
2747 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2748 **
2749 ** The sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(D, R) method allows the application to
2750 ** set the value returned by calling sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) to R
2751 ** without inserting a row into the database.
2752 */
2753 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
2754 
2755 /*
2756 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2757 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2758 **
2759 ** ^These functions return the number of rows modified, inserted or
2760 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2761 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2762 ** The two functions are identical except for the type of the return value
2763 ** and that if the number of rows modified by the most recent INSERT, UPDATE,
2764 ** or DELETE is greater than the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2765 ** the return value of sqlite3_changes() is undefined. ^Executing any other
2766 ** type of SQL statement does not modify the value returned by these functions.
2767 ** For the purposes of this interface, a CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement
2768 ** does not count as an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement and hence the rows
2769 ** added to the new table by the CREATE TABLE AS SELECT statement are not
2770 ** counted.
2771 **
2772 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2773 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2774 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2775 **
2776 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2777 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2778 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2779 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2780 ** tables are counted.
2781 **
2782 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2783 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2784 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2785 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2786 **
2787 ** <ul>
2788 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2789 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2790 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2791 **
2792 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2793 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2794 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2795 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2796 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2797 ** </ul>
2798 **
2799 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2800 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2801 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2802 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2803 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2804 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2805 **
2806 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2807 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2808 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2809 **
2810 ** See also:
2811 ** <ul>
2812 ** <li> the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface
2813 ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2814 ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2815 ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2816 ** </ul>
2817 */
2818 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2819 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_changes64(sqlite3*);
2820 
2821 /*
2822 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2823 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2824 **
2825 ** ^These functions return the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2826 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2827 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2828 ** part of trigger programs. The two functions are identical except for the
2829 ** type of the return value and that if the number of rows modified by the
2830 ** connection exceeds the maximum value supported by type "int", then
2831 ** the return value of sqlite3_total_changes() is undefined. ^Executing
2832 ** any other type of SQL statement does not affect the value returned by
2833 ** sqlite3_total_changes().
2834 **
2835 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2836 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2837 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2838 ** are not counted.
2839 **
2840 ** The [sqlite3_total_changes(D)] interface only reports the number
2841 ** of rows that changed due to SQL statement run against database
2842 ** connection D.  Any changes by other database connections are ignored.
2843 ** To detect changes against a database file from other database
2844 ** connections use the [PRAGMA data_version] command or the
2845 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control].
2846 **
2847 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2848 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2849 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2850 **
2851 ** See also:
2852 ** <ul>
2853 ** <li> the [sqlite3_changes()] interface
2854 ** <li> the [count_changes pragma]
2855 ** <li> the [changes() SQL function]
2856 ** <li> the [data_version pragma]
2857 ** <li> the [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] [file control]
2858 ** </ul>
2859 */
2860 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2861 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_total_changes64(sqlite3*);
2862 
2863 /*
2864 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2865 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2866 **
2867 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2868 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2869 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2870 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2871 ** immediately.
2872 **
2873 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2874 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2875 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2876 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2877 **
2878 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2879 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2880 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2881 **
2882 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2883 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2884 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2885 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2886 **
2887 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2888 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2889 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2890 ** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2891 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2892 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2893 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2894 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2895 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2896 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2897 **
2898 ** ^The [sqlite3_is_interrupted(D)] interface can be used to determine whether
2899 ** or not an interrupt is currently in effect for [database connection] D.
2900 ** It returns 1 if an interrupt is currently in effect, or 0 otherwise.
2901 */
2902 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2903 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_is_interrupted(sqlite3*);
2904 
2905 /*
2906 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2907 **
2908 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2909 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2910 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2911 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2912 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2913 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2914 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2915 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2916 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2917 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2918 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2919 **
2920 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2921 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2922 **
2923 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2924 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2925 **
2926 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2927 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2928 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2929 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2930 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2931 **
2932 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2933 ** UTF-8 string.
2934 **
2935 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2936 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2937 */
2938 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2939 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2940 
2941 /*
2942 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2943 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2944 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2945 **
2946 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2947 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2948 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2949 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2950 ** or process has the table locked.
2951 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2952 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2953 **
2954 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2955 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2956 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2957 **
2958 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2959 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2960 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2961 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2962 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2963 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2964 ** to the application.
2965 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2966 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2967 **
2968 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2969 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2970 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2971 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2972 ** busy handler.
2973 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2974 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2975 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2976 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2977 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2978 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2979 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2980 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2981 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2982 ** the second process to proceed.
2983 **
2984 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2985 **
2986 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2987 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2988 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2989 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2990 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2991 **
2992 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2993 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2994 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2995 ** result in undefined behavior.
2996 **
2997 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2998 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2999 */
3000 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
3001 
3002 /*
3003 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
3004 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3005 **
3006 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
3007 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
3008 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
3009 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
3010 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
3011 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
3012 **
3013 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
3014 ** turns off all busy handlers.
3015 **
3016 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
3017 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
3018 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
3019 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
3020 **
3021 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
3022 */
3023 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
3024 
3025 /*
3026 ** CAPI3REF: Set the Setlk Timeout
3027 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3028 **
3029 ** This routine is only useful in SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT builds. If
3030 ** the VFS supports blocking locks, it sets the timeout in ms used by
3031 ** eligible locks taken on wal mode databases by the specified database
3032 ** handle. In non-SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT builds, or if the VFS does
3033 ** not support blocking locks, this function is a no-op.
3034 **
3035 ** Passing 0 to this function disables blocking locks altogether. Passing
3036 ** -1 to this function requests that the VFS blocks for a long time -
3037 ** indefinitely if possible. The results of passing any other negative value
3038 ** are undefined.
3039 **
3040 ** Internally, each SQLite database handle store two timeout values - the
3041 ** busy-timeout (used for rollback mode databases, or if the VFS does not
3042 ** support blocking locks) and the setlk-timeout (used for blocking locks
3043 ** on wal-mode databases). The sqlite3_busy_timeout() method sets both
3044 ** values, this function sets only the setlk-timeout value. Therefore,
3045 ** to configure separate busy-timeout and setlk-timeout values for a single
3046 ** database handle, call sqlite3_busy_timeout() followed by this function.
3047 **
3048 ** Whenever the number of connections to a wal mode database falls from
3049 ** 1 to 0, the last connection takes an exclusive lock on the database,
3050 ** then checkpoints and deletes the wal file. While it is doing this, any
3051 ** new connection that tries to read from the database fails with an
3052 ** SQLITE_BUSY error. Or, if the SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT flag is
3053 ** passed to this API, the new connection blocks until the exclusive lock
3054 ** has been released.
3055 */
3056 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_setlk_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms, int flags);
3057 
3058 /*
3059 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_setlk_timeout()
3060 */
3061 #define SQLITE_SETLK_BLOCK_ON_CONNECT 0x01
3062 
3063 /*
3064 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
3065 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3066 **
3067 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
3068 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
3069 **
3070 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
3071 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
3072 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
3073 **
3074 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
3075 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
3076 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
3077 ** and M be the number of columns.
3078 **
3079 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
3080 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
3081 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
3082 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
3083 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
3084 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
3085 **
3086 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
3087 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
3088 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
3089 **
3090 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
3091 ** is as follows:
3092 **
3093 ** <blockquote><pre>
3094 **        Name        | Age
3095 **        -----------------------
3096 **        Alice       | 43
3097 **        Bob         | 28
3098 **        Cindy       | 21
3099 ** </pre></blockquote>
3100 **
3101 ** There are two columns (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
3102 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
3103 ** in an array named azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
3104 **
3105 ** <blockquote><pre>
3106 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
3107 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
3108 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
3109 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
3110 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
3111 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
3112 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
3113 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
3114 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
3115 **
3116 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
3117 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
3118 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
3119 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
3120 **
3121 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
3122 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
3123 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
3124 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
3125 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
3126 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
3127 **
3128 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
3129 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
3130 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
3131 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
3132 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
3133 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
3134 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3135 */
3136 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
3137   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
3138   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
3139   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
3140   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
3141   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
3142   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
3143 );
3144 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
3145 
3146 /*
3147 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
3148 **
3149 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
3150 ** from the standard C library.
3151 ** These routines understand most of the common formatting options from
3152 ** the standard library printf()
3153 ** plus some additional non-standard formats ([%q], [%Q], [%w], and [%z]).
3154 ** See the [built-in printf()] documentation for details.
3155 **
3156 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
3157 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()].
3158 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
3159 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
3160 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc64()] is unable to allocate enough
3161 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
3162 **
3163 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
3164 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
3165 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
3166 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
3167 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
3168 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
3169 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
3170 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
3171 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
3172 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
3173 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
3174 ** now without breaking compatibility.
3175 **
3176 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
3177 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
3178 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
3179 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
3180 ** written will be n-1 characters.
3181 **
3182 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
3183 **
3184 ** See also:  [built-in printf()], [printf() SQL function]
3185 */
3186 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
3187 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
3188 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
3189 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
3190 
3191 /*
3192 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
3193 **
3194 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
3195 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
3196 ** does not include operating-system specific [VFS] implementation.  The
3197 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
3198 **
3199 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
3200 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
3201 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
3202 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
3203 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
3204 ** a NULL pointer.
3205 **
3206 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
3207 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
3208 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
3209 **
3210 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
3211 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
3212 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
3213 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
3214 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
3215 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
3216 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
3217 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
3218 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
3219 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
3220 **
3221 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
3222 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
3223 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
3224 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
3225 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
3226 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
3227 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
3228 ** sqlite3_free(X).
3229 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
3230 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
3231 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
3232 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
3233 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
3234 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
3235 ** prior allocation is not freed.
3236 **
3237 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
3238 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
3239 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
3240 **
3241 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
3242 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
3243 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
3244 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
3245 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
3246 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
3247 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
3248 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
3249 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
3250 **
3251 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
3252 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
3253 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
3254 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
3255 ** option is used.
3256 **
3257 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
3258 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
3259 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
3260 ** not yet been released.
3261 **
3262 ** The application must not read or write any part of
3263 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
3264 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
3265 */
3266 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
3267 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
3268 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
3269 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
3270 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
3271 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
3272 
3273 /*
3274 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
3275 **
3276 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
3277 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
3278 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
3279 **
3280 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
3281 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
3282 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
3283 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
3284 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
3285 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
3286 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
3287 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
3288 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
3289 **
3290 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
3291 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
3292 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
3293 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
3294 ** prior to the reset.
3295 */
3296 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
3297 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
3298 
3299 /*
3300 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
3301 **
3302 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
3303 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
3304 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
3305 ** the built-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
3306 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
3307 **
3308 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
3309 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
3310 **
3311 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
3312 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
3313 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
3314 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
3315 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
3316 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
3317 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
3318 ** method.
3319 */
3320 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
3321 
3322 /*
3323 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
3324 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3325 ** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
3326 **
3327 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
3328 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
3329 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
3330 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
3331 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
3332 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
3333 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
3334 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
3335 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
3336 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
3337 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
3338 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
3339 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
3340 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
3341 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
3342 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
3343 **
3344 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
3345 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
3346 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
3347 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
3348 ** access is denied.
3349 **
3350 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
3351 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
3352 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
3353 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
3354 ** to the callback are either NULL pointers or zero-terminated strings
3355 ** that contain additional details about the action to be authorized.
3356 ** Applications must always be prepared to encounter a NULL pointer in any
3357 ** of the third through the sixth parameters of the authorization callback.
3358 **
3359 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
3360 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
3361 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
3362 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
3363 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
3364 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
3365 ** columns of a table.
3366 ** ^When a table is referenced by a [SELECT] but no column values are
3367 ** extracted from that table (for example in a query like
3368 ** "SELECT count(*) FROM tab") then the [SQLITE_READ] authorizer callback
3369 ** is invoked once for that table with a column name that is an empty string.
3370 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
3371 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
3372 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
3373 **
3374 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
3375 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
3376 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
3377 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
3378 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
3379 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
3380 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
3381 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
3382 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
3383 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
3384 **
3385 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
3386 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
3387 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
3388 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
3389 **
3390 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
3391 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
3392 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
3393 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
3394 **
3395 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
3396 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
3397 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3398 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3399 **
3400 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
3401 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
3402 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
3403 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
3404 **
3405 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
3406 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
3407 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
3408 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
3409 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
3410 */
3411 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
3412   sqlite3*,
3413   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
3414   void *pUserData
3415 );
3416 
3417 /*
3418 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
3419 **
3420 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
3421 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
3422 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
3423 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
3424 ** information.
3425 **
3426 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
3427 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
3428 */
3429 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
3430 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
3431 
3432 /*
3433 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
3434 **
3435 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
3436 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
3437 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
3438 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
3439 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
3440 **
3441 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
3442 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
3443 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
3444 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
3445 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
3446 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
3447 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
3448 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
3449 ** top-level SQL code.
3450 */
3451 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
3452 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3453 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3454 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3455 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3456 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3457 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
3458 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3459 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
3460 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3461 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3462 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3463 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
3464 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3465 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3466 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
3467 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
3468 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
3469 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3470 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
3471 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3472 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
3473 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
3474 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
3475 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
3476 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
3477 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
3478 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
3479 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
3480 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3481 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
3482 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
3483 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
3484 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
3485 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
3486 
3487 /*
3488 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Tracing And Profiling Functions
3489 ** DEPRECATED
3490 **
3491 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
3492 ** instead of the routines described here.
3493 **
3494 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
3495 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
3496 **
3497 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
3498 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
3499 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
3500 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
3501 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
3502 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
3503 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
3504 **
3505 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
3506 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
3507 **
3508 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
3509 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
3510 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
3511 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
3512 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
3513 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
3514 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
3515 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  Invoking
3516 ** either [sqlite3_trace()] or [sqlite3_trace_v2()] will cancel the
3517 ** profile callback.
3518 */
3519 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
3520    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
3521 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
3522    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
3523 
3524 /*
3525 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
3526 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
3527 **
3528 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
3529 ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
3530 ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
3531 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
3532 ** is one of the following constants.
3533 **
3534 ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
3535 **
3536 ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
3537 ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
3538 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
3539 ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
3540 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3541 **
3542 ** <dl>
3543 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
3544 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
3545 ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
3546 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
3547 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
3548 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
3549 ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
3550 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
3551 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
3552 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
3553 ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
3554 **
3555 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
3556 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
3557 ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
3558 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3559 ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is approximately
3560 ** the number of nanoseconds that the prepared statement took to run.
3561 ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
3562 **
3563 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
3564 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
3565 ** statement generates a single row of result.
3566 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
3567 ** X argument is unused.
3568 **
3569 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
3570 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
3571 ** connection closes.
3572 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
3573 ** and the X argument is unused.
3574 ** </dl>
3575 */
3576 #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
3577 #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
3578 #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
3579 #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
3580 
3581 /*
3582 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
3583 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3584 **
3585 ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
3586 ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
3587 ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
3588 ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
3589 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
3590 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
3591 **
3592 ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace(D,X,P) or sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)
3593 ** overrides (cancels) all prior calls to sqlite3_trace(D,X,P) or
3594 ** sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) for the [database connection] D.  Each
3595 ** database connection may have at most one trace callback.
3596 **
3597 ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
3598 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
3599 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
3600 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
3601 **
3602 ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
3603 ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
3604 ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
3605 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
3606 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
3607 **
3608 ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
3609 ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
3610 ** are deprecated.
3611 */
3612 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_trace_v2(
3613   sqlite3*,
3614   unsigned uMask,
3615   int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
3616   void *pCtx
3617 );
3618 
3619 /*
3620 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
3621 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3622 **
3623 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
3624 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
3625 ** [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_prepare()] and similar for
3626 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
3627 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
3628 **
3629 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
3630 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
3631 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
3632 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
3633 ** handler is disabled.
3634 **
3635 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
3636 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
3637 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
3638 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
3639 ** than 1.
3640 **
3641 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
3642 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
3643 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
3644 **
3645 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
3646 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
3647 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
3648 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
3649 **
3650 ** The progress handler callback would originally only be invoked from the
3651 ** bytecode engine.  It still might be invoked during [sqlite3_prepare()]
3652 ** and similar because those routines might force a reparse of the schema
3653 ** which involves running the bytecode engine.  However, beginning with
3654 ** SQLite version 3.41.0, the progress handler callback might also be
3655 ** invoked directly from [sqlite3_prepare()] while analyzing and generating
3656 ** code for complex queries.
3657 */
3658 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
3659 
3660 /*
3661 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
3662 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
3663 **
3664 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
3665 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
3666 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
3667 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
3668 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
3669 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
3670 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
3671 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
3672 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
3673 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
3674 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
3675 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
3676 **
3677 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
3678 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
3679 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
3680 **
3681 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
3682 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
3683 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
3684 **
3685 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
3686 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
3687 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
3688 ** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
3689 ** three flag combinations:)^
3690 **
3691 ** <dl>
3692 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
3693 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does
3694 ** not already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
3695 **
3696 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
3697 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or
3698 ** reading only if the file is write protected by the operating
3699 ** system.  In either case the database must already exist, otherwise
3700 ** an error is returned.  For historical reasons, if opening in
3701 ** read-write mode fails due to OS-level permissions, an attempt is
3702 ** made to open it in read-only mode. [sqlite3_db_readonly()] can be
3703 ** used to determine whether the database is actually
3704 ** read-write.</dd>)^
3705 **
3706 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
3707 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
3708 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
3709 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
3710 ** </dl>
3711 **
3712 ** In addition to the required flags, the following optional flags are
3713 ** also supported:
3714 **
3715 ** <dl>
3716 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_URI]</dt>
3717 ** <dd>The filename can be interpreted as a URI if this flag is set.</dd>)^
3718 **
3719 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY]</dt>
3720 ** <dd>The database will be opened as an in-memory database.  The database
3721 ** is named by the "filename" argument for the purposes of cache-sharing,
3722 ** if shared cache mode is enabled, but the "filename" is otherwise ignored.
3723 ** </dd>)^
3724 **
3725 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX]</dt>
3726 ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "multi-thread"
3727 ** [threading mode].)^  This means that separate threads are allowed
3728 ** to use SQLite at the same time, as long as each thread is using
3729 ** a different [database connection].
3730 **
3731 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX]</dt>
3732 ** <dd>The new database connection will use the "serialized"
3733 ** [threading mode].)^  This means the multiple threads can safely
3734 ** attempt to use the same database connection at the same time.
3735 ** (Mutexes will block any actual concurrency, but in this mode
3736 ** there is no harm in trying.)
3737 **
3738 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE]</dt>
3739 ** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] enabled, overriding
3740 ** the default shared cache setting provided by
3741 ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3742 ** The [use of shared cache mode is discouraged] and hence shared cache
3743 ** capabilities may be omitted from many builds of SQLite.  In such cases,
3744 ** this option is a no-op.
3745 **
3746 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]</dt>
3747 ** <dd>The database is opened [shared cache] disabled, overriding
3748 ** the default shared cache setting provided by
3749 ** [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].)^
3750 **
3751 ** [[OPEN_EXRESCODE]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_EXRESCODE]</dt>
3752 ** <dd>The database connection comes up in "extended result code mode".
3753 ** In other words, the database behaves as if
3754 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes(db,1)] were called on the database
3755 ** connection as soon as the connection is created. In addition to setting
3756 ** the extended result code mode, this flag also causes [sqlite3_open_v2()]
3757 ** to return an extended result code.</dd>
3758 **
3759 ** [[OPEN_NOFOLLOW]] ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_NOFOLLOW]</dt>
3760 ** <dd>The database filename is not allowed to contain a symbolic link</dd>
3761 ** </dl>)^
3762 **
3763 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
3764 ** required combinations shown above optionally combined with other
3765 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
3766 ** then the behavior is undefined.  Historic versions of SQLite
3767 ** have silently ignored surplus bits in the flags parameter to
3768 ** sqlite3_open_v2(), however that behavior might not be carried through
3769 ** into future versions of SQLite and so applications should not rely
3770 ** upon it.  Note in particular that the SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag is a no-op
3771 ** for sqlite3_open_v2().  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE does *not* cause
3772 ** the open to fail if the database already exists.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE
3773 ** flag is intended for use by the [sqlite3_vfs|VFS interface] only, and not
3774 ** by sqlite3_open_v2().
3775 **
3776 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3777 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3778 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3779 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3780 **
3781 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3782 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3783 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3784 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3785 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3786 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3787 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3788 **
3789 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3790 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3791 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3792 **
3793 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3794 **
3795 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3796 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3797 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3798 ** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3799 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3800 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3801 ** URI filename interpretation is turned off
3802 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3803 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3804 ** information.
3805 **
3806 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3807 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3808 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3809 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3810 ** present, is ignored.
3811 **
3812 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3813 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3814 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3815 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3816 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3817 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3818 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3819 **
3820 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
3821 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3822 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3823 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3824 ** following query parameters:
3825 **
3826 ** <ul>
3827 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3828 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3829 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3830 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3831 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3832 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3833 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3834 **
3835 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3836 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3837 **     an error)^.
3838 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3839 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3840 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3841 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3842 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3843 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3844 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3845 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3846 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3847 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3848 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3849 **
3850 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3851 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3852 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3853 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3854 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3855 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3856 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3857 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3858 **
3859 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3860 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3861 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
3862 **
3863 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3864 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3865 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3866 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3867 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3868 **     processes uses nolock=1.
3869 **
3870 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3871 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3872 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3873 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3874 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3875 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3876 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3877 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3878 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3879 **
3880 ** </ul>
3881 **
3882 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3883 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3884 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3885 ** additional information.
3886 **
3887 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3888 **
3889 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3890 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3891 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3892 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3893 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3894 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3895 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3896 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3897 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3898 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3899 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3900 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3901 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3902 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3903 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3904 **          in URI filenames.
3905 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3906 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3907 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3908 **          default, use a private cache.
3909 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3910 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3911 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3912 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3913 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3914 **          Use "ro" instead:  "file:data.db?mode=ro".
3915 ** </table>
3916 **
3917 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3918 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3919 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3920 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3921 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3922 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3923 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3924 ** the results are undefined.
3925 **
3926 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3927 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3928 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3929 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3930 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3931 **
3932 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3933 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3934 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3935 **
3936 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3937 */
3938 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
3939   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3940   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3941 );
3942 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
3943   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3944   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3945 );
3946 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
3947   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3948   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3949   int flags,              /* Flags */
3950   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3951 );
3952 
3953 /*
3954 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3955 **
3956 ** These are utility routines, useful to [VFS|custom VFS implementations],
3957 ** that check if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3958 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3959 **
3960 ** The first parameter to these interfaces (hereafter referred to
3961 ** as F) must be one of:
3962 ** <ul>
3963 ** <li> A database filename pointer created by the SQLite core and
3964 ** passed into the xOpen() method of a VFS implementation, or
3965 ** <li> A filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], or
3966 ** <li> A new filename constructed using [sqlite3_create_filename()].
3967 ** </ul>
3968 ** If the F parameter is not one of the above, then the behavior is
3969 ** undefined and probably undesirable.  Older versions of SQLite were
3970 ** more tolerant of invalid F parameters than newer versions.
3971 **
3972 ** If F is a suitable filename (as described in the previous paragraph)
3973 ** and if P is the name of the query parameter, then
3974 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3975 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3976 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F and it
3977 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3978 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3979 **
3980 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3981 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3982 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3983 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3984 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3985 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3986 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3987 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3988 ** parameter on F or if the value of P does not match any of the
3989 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3990 **
3991 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3992 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3993 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3994 ** zero is returned.
3995 **
3996 ** The sqlite3_uri_key(F,N) returns a pointer to the name (not
3997 ** the value) of the N-th query parameter for filename F, or a NULL
3998 ** pointer if N is less than zero or greater than the number of query
3999 ** parameters minus 1.  The N value is zero-based so N should be 0 to obtain
4000 ** the name of the first query parameter, 1 for the second parameter, and
4001 ** so forth.
4002 **
4003 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
4004 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
4005 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that the SQLite core passed
4006 ** into the xOpen VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined
4007 ** and probably undesirable.
4008 **
4009 ** Beginning with SQLite [version 3.31.0] ([dateof:3.31.0]) the input F
4010 ** parameter can also be the name of a rollback journal file or WAL file
4011 ** in addition to the main database file.  Prior to version 3.31.0, these
4012 ** routines would only work if F was the name of the main database file.
4013 ** When the F parameter is the name of the rollback journal or WAL file,
4014 ** it has access to all the same query parameters as were found on the
4015 ** main database file.
4016 **
4017 ** See the [URI filename] documentation for additional information.
4018 */
4019 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam);
4020 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(sqlite3_filename z, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
4021 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(sqlite3_filename, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
4022 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_key(sqlite3_filename z, int N);
4023 
4024 /*
4025 ** CAPI3REF:  Translate filenames
4026 **
4027 ** These routines are available to [VFS|custom VFS implementations] for
4028 ** translating filenames between the main database file, the journal file,
4029 ** and the WAL file.
4030 **
4031 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
4032 ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, then sqlite3_filename_database(F)
4033 ** returns the name of the corresponding database file.
4034 **
4035 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
4036 ** passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database filename
4037 ** obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then sqlite3_filename_journal(F)
4038 ** returns the name of the corresponding rollback journal file.
4039 **
4040 ** If F is the name of an sqlite database file, journal file, or WAL file
4041 ** that was passed by the SQLite core into the VFS, or if F is a database
4042 ** filename obtained from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then
4043 ** sqlite3_filename_wal(F) returns the name of the corresponding
4044 ** WAL file.
4045 **
4046 ** In all of the above, if F is not the name of a database, journal or WAL
4047 ** filename passed into the VFS from the SQLite core and F is not the
4048 ** return value from [sqlite3_db_filename()], then the result is
4049 ** undefined and is likely a memory access violation.
4050 */
4051 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_database(sqlite3_filename);
4052 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_journal(sqlite3_filename);
4053 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_filename_wal(sqlite3_filename);
4054 
4055 /*
4056 ** CAPI3REF:  Database File Corresponding To A Journal
4057 **
4058 ** ^If X is the name of a rollback or WAL-mode journal file that is
4059 ** passed into the xOpen method of [sqlite3_vfs], then
4060 ** sqlite3_database_file_object(X) returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_file]
4061 ** object that represents the main database file.
4062 **
4063 ** This routine is intended for use in custom [VFS] implementations
4064 ** only.  It is not a general-purpose interface.
4065 ** The argument sqlite3_file_object(X) must be a filename pointer that
4066 ** has been passed into [sqlite3_vfs].xOpen method where the
4067 ** flags parameter to xOpen contains one of the bits
4068 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL] or [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL].  Any other use
4069 ** of this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable
4070 ** behavior.
4071 */
4072 SQLITE_API sqlite3_file *sqlite3_database_file_object(const char*);
4073 
4074 /*
4075 ** CAPI3REF: Create and Destroy VFS Filenames
4076 **
4077 ** These interfaces are provided for use by [VFS shim] implementations and
4078 ** are not useful outside of that context.
4079 **
4080 ** The sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) allocates memory to hold a version of
4081 ** database filename D with corresponding journal file J and WAL file W and
4082 ** an array P of N URI Key/Value pairs.  The result from
4083 ** sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) is a pointer to a database filename that
4084 ** is safe to pass to routines like:
4085 ** <ul>
4086 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()],
4087 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()],
4088 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()],
4089 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_key()],
4090 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()],
4091 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()], or
4092 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()].
4093 ** </ul>
4094 ** If a memory allocation error occurs, sqlite3_create_filename() might
4095 ** return a NULL pointer.  The memory obtained from sqlite3_create_filename(X)
4096 ** must be released by a corresponding call to sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
4097 **
4098 ** The P parameter in sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) should be an array
4099 ** of 2*N pointers to strings.  Each pair of pointers in this array corresponds
4100 ** to a key and value for a query parameter.  The P parameter may be a NULL
4101 ** pointer if N is zero.  None of the 2*N pointers in the P array may be
4102 ** NULL pointers and key pointers should not be empty strings.
4103 ** None of the D, J, or W parameters to sqlite3_create_filename(D,J,W,N,P) may
4104 ** be NULL pointers, though they can be empty strings.
4105 **
4106 ** The sqlite3_free_filename(Y) routine releases a memory allocation
4107 ** previously obtained from sqlite3_create_filename().  Invoking
4108 ** sqlite3_free_filename(Y) where Y is a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4109 **
4110 ** If the Y parameter to sqlite3_free_filename(Y) is anything other
4111 ** than a NULL pointer or a pointer previously acquired from
4112 ** sqlite3_create_filename(), then bad things such as heap
4113 ** corruption or segfaults may occur. The value Y should not be
4114 ** used again after sqlite3_free_filename(Y) has been called.  This means
4115 ** that if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen()] method of a VFS has been called using Y,
4116 ** then the corresponding [sqlite3_module.xClose() method should also be
4117 ** invoked prior to calling sqlite3_free_filename(Y).
4118 */
4119 SQLITE_API sqlite3_filename sqlite3_create_filename(
4120   const char *zDatabase,
4121   const char *zJournal,
4122   const char *zWal,
4123   int nParam,
4124   const char **azParam
4125 );
4126 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_filename(sqlite3_filename);
4127 
4128 /*
4129 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
4130 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4131 **
4132 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
4133 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
4134 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
4135 ** API call.
4136 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
4137 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
4138 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
4139 ** disabled.
4140 **
4141 ** The values returned by sqlite3_errcode() and/or
4142 ** sqlite3_extended_errcode() might change with each API call.
4143 ** Except, there are some interfaces that are guaranteed to never
4144 ** change the value of the error code.  The error-code preserving
4145 ** interfaces include the following:
4146 **
4147 ** <ul>
4148 ** <li> sqlite3_errcode()
4149 ** <li> sqlite3_extended_errcode()
4150 ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg()
4151 ** <li> sqlite3_errmsg16()
4152 ** <li> sqlite3_error_offset()
4153 ** </ul>
4154 **
4155 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
4156 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively,
4157 ** or NULL if no error message is available.
4158 ** (See how SQLite handles [invalid UTF] for exceptions to this rule.)
4159 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
4160 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
4161 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
4162 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
4163 **
4164 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr(E) interface returns the English-language text
4165 ** that describes the [result code] E, as UTF-8, or NULL if E is not an
4166 ** result code for which a text error message is available.
4167 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
4168 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
4169 **
4170 ** ^If the most recent error references a specific token in the input
4171 ** SQL, the sqlite3_error_offset() interface returns the byte offset
4172 ** of the start of that token.  ^The byte offset returned by
4173 ** sqlite3_error_offset() assumes that the input SQL is UTF8.
4174 ** ^If the most recent error does not reference a specific token in the input
4175 ** SQL, then the sqlite3_error_offset() function returns -1.
4176 **
4177 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
4178 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
4179 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
4180 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
4181 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
4182 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
4183 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
4184 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
4185 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
4186 **
4187 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
4188 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
4189 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
4190 */
4191 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
4192 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
4193 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
4194 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
4195 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
4196 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_error_offset(sqlite3 *db);
4197 
4198 /*
4199 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
4200 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
4201 **
4202 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
4203 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
4204 **
4205 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
4206 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
4207 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
4208 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
4209 **
4210 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
4211 **
4212 ** <ol>
4213 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
4214 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
4215 **      interfaces.
4216 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
4217 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
4218 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
4219 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
4220 ** </ol>
4221 */
4222 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
4223 
4224 /*
4225 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
4226 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4227 **
4228 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
4229 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
4230 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
4231 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
4232 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
4233 ** new limit for that construct.)^
4234 **
4235 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
4236 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
4237 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
4238 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
4239 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
4240 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
4241 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
4242 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
4243 **
4244 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
4245 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
4246 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
4247 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
4248 **
4249 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
4250 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
4251 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
4252 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
4253 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
4254 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
4255 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
4256 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
4257 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
4258 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
4259 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
4260 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
4261 **
4262 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
4263 */
4264 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
4265 
4266 /*
4267 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
4268 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
4269 **
4270 ** These constants define various performance limits
4271 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
4272 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
4273 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
4274 **
4275 ** <dl>
4276 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
4277 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
4278 **
4279 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
4280 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
4281 **
4282 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
4283 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
4284 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
4285 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
4286 **
4287 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
4288 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
4289 **
4290 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
4291 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
4292 **
4293 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
4294 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
4295 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
4296 ** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
4297 ** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
4298 **
4299 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
4300 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
4301 **
4302 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
4303 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
4304 **
4305 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
4306 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
4307 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
4308 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
4309 **
4310 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
4311 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
4312 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
4313 **
4314 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
4315 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
4316 **
4317 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
4318 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
4319 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
4320 ** </dl>
4321 */
4322 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
4323 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
4324 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
4325 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
4326 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
4327 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
4328 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
4329 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
4330 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
4331 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
4332 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
4333 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
4334 
4335 /*
4336 ** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
4337 **
4338 ** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
4339 ** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
4340 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
4341 **
4342 ** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
4343 **
4344 ** <dl>
4345 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
4346 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
4347 ** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
4348 ** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
4349 ** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will
4350 ** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
4351 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
4352 ** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
4353 ** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
4354 ** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
4355 **
4356 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE</dt>
4357 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE flag is a no-op. This flag used
4358 ** to be required for any prepared statement that wanted to use the
4359 ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface.  However, the
4360 ** [sqlite3_normalized_sql()] interface is now available to all
4361 ** prepared statements, regardless of whether or not they use this
4362 ** flag.
4363 **
4364 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB</dt>
4365 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB flag causes the SQL compiler
4366 ** to return an error (error code SQLITE_ERROR) if the statement uses
4367 ** any virtual tables.
4368 **
4369 ** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG</dt>
4370 ** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG flag prevents SQL compiler
4371 ** errors from being sent to the error log defined by
4372 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG].  This can be used, for example, to do test
4373 ** compiles to see if some SQL syntax is well-formed, without generating
4374 ** messages on the global error log when it is not.  If the test compile
4375 ** fails, the sqlite3_prepare_v3() call returns the same error indications
4376 ** with or without this flag; it just omits the call to [sqlite3_log()] that
4377 ** logs the error.
4378 ** </dl>
4379 */
4380 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
4381 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NORMALIZE               0x02
4382 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_NO_VTAB                 0x04
4383 #define SQLITE_PREPARE_DONT_LOG                0x10
4384 
4385 /*
4386 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
4387 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
4388 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4389 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4390 **
4391 ** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
4392 ** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
4393 ** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
4394 **
4395 ** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
4396 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
4397 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
4398 ** for special purposes.
4399 **
4400 ** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
4401 ** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
4402 ** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
4403 ** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
4404 **
4405 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
4406 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
4407 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
4408 **
4409 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
4410 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
4411 ** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
4412 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4413 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
4414 **
4415 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
4416 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the maximum
4417 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is positive, zSql is read
4418 ** up to the first zero terminator or until the nByte bytes have been read,
4419 ** whichever comes first.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
4420 ** statement is generated.
4421 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
4422 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
4423 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
4424 ** the nul-terminator.
4425 ** Note that nByte measure the length of the input in bytes, not
4426 ** characters, even for the UTF-16 interfaces.
4427 **
4428 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
4429 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
4430 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
4431 ** what remains uncompiled.
4432 **
4433 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
4434 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
4435 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
4436 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
4437 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
4438 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
4439 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
4440 **
4441 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
4442 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
4443 **
4444 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
4445 ** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
4446 ** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
4447 ** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
4448 ** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
4449 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
4450 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
4451 ** behave differently in three ways:
4452 **
4453 ** <ol>
4454 ** <li>
4455 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
4456 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
4457 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
4458 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
4459 ** </li>
4460 **
4461 ** <li>
4462 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
4463 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
4464 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
4465 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
4466 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
4467 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
4468 ** </li>
4469 **
4470 ** <li>
4471 ** ^If the specific value bound to a [parameter | host parameter] in the
4472 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
4473 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
4474 ** a schema change, on the first [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
4475 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
4476 ** ^The specific value of a WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
4477 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
4478 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
4479 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time option is enabled.
4480 ** </li>
4481 ** </ol>
4482 **
4483 ** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
4484 ** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
4485 ** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
4486 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
4487 ** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
4488 */
4489 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
4490   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4491   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4492   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4493   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4494   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4495 );
4496 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
4497   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4498   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4499   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4500   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4501   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4502 );
4503 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
4504   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4505   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
4506   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4507   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4508   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4509   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4510 );
4511 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
4512   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4513   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4514   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4515   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4516   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4517 );
4518 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
4519   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4520   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4521   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4522   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4523   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4524 );
4525 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
4526   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
4527   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
4528   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
4529   unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
4530   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
4531   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
4532 );
4533 
4534 /*
4535 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
4536 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4537 **
4538 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
4539 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
4540 ** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
4541 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4542 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4543 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
4544 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
4545 ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
4546 ** string containing the normalized SQL text of prepared statement P.  The
4547 ** semantics used to normalize a SQL statement are unspecified and subject
4548 ** to change.  At a minimum, literal values will be replaced with suitable
4549 ** placeholders.
4550 **
4551 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
4552 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
4553 ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
4554 ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
4555 ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
4556 **
4557 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
4558 ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
4559 ** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
4560 **
4561 ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
4562 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
4563 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
4564 **
4565 ** ^The strings returned by sqlite3_sql(P) and sqlite3_normalized_sql(P)
4566 ** are managed by SQLite and are automatically freed when the prepared
4567 ** statement is finalized.
4568 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
4569 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be freed by the application
4570 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
4571 **
4572 ** ^The sqlite3_normalized_sql() interface is only available if
4573 ** the [SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE] compile-time option is defined.
4574 */
4575 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4576 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4577 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
4578 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_normalized_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4579 #endif
4580 
4581 /*
4582 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
4583 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4584 **
4585 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
4586 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
4587 ** the content of the database file.
4588 **
4589 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
4590 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
4591 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
4592 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
4593 ** change the database file through side-effects:
4594 **
4595 ** <blockquote><pre>
4596 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
4597 ** </pre></blockquote>
4598 **
4599 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
4600 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
4601 **
4602 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
4603 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
4604 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
4605 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
4606 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
4607 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
4608 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
4609 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
4610 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly() interface returns true for [BEGIN] since
4611 ** [BEGIN] merely sets internal flags, but the [BEGIN|BEGIN IMMEDIATE] and
4612 ** [BEGIN|BEGIN EXCLUSIVE] commands do touch the database and so
4613 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() returns false for those commands.
4614 **
4615 ** ^This routine returns false if there is any possibility that the
4616 ** statement might change the database file.  ^A false return does
4617 ** not guarantee that the statement will change the database file.
4618 ** ^For example, an UPDATE statement might have a WHERE clause that
4619 ** makes it a no-op, but the sqlite3_stmt_readonly() result would still
4620 ** be false.  ^Similarly, a CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS statement is a
4621 ** read-only no-op if the table already exists, but
4622 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() still returns false for such a statement.
4623 **
4624 ** ^If prepared statement X is an [EXPLAIN] or [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
4625 ** statement, then sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) returns the same value as
4626 ** if the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prefix were omitted.
4627 */
4628 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4629 
4630 /*
4631 ** CAPI3REF: Query The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4632 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4633 **
4634 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 1 if the
4635 ** prepared statement S is an EXPLAIN statement, or 2 if the
4636 ** statement S is an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
4637 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(S) interface returns 0 if S is
4638 ** an ordinary statement or a NULL pointer.
4639 */
4640 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_isexplain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4641 
4642 /*
4643 ** CAPI3REF: Change The EXPLAIN Setting For A Prepared Statement
4644 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4645 **
4646 ** The sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) interface changes the EXPLAIN
4647 ** setting for [prepared statement] S.  If E is zero, then S becomes
4648 ** a normal prepared statement.  If E is 1, then S behaves as if
4649 ** its SQL text began with "[EXPLAIN]".  If E is 2, then S behaves as if
4650 ** its SQL text began with "[EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]".
4651 **
4652 ** Calling sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) might cause S to be reprepared.
4653 ** SQLite tries to avoid a reprepare, but a reprepare might be necessary
4654 ** on the first transition into EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN mode.
4655 **
4656 ** Because of the potential need to reprepare, a call to
4657 ** sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E) will fail with SQLITE_ERROR if S cannot be
4658 ** reprepared because it was created using [sqlite3_prepare()] instead of
4659 ** the newer [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] interfaces and
4660 ** hence has no saved SQL text with which to reprepare.
4661 **
4662 ** Changing the explain setting for a prepared statement does not change
4663 ** the original SQL text for the statement.  Hence, if the SQL text originally
4664 ** began with EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN, but sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,0)
4665 ** is called to convert the statement into an ordinary statement, the EXPLAIN
4666 ** or EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN keywords will still appear in the sqlite3_sql(S)
4667 ** output, even though the statement now acts like a normal SQL statement.
4668 **
4669 ** This routine returns SQLITE_OK if the explain mode is successfully
4670 ** changed, or an error code if the explain mode could not be changed.
4671 ** The explain mode cannot be changed while a statement is active.
4672 ** Hence, it is good practice to call [sqlite3_reset(S)]
4673 ** immediately prior to calling sqlite3_stmt_explain(S,E).
4674 */
4675 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_explain(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int eMode);
4676 
4677 /*
4678 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
4679 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4680 **
4681 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
4682 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
4683 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
4684 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
4685 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
4686 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
4687 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
4688 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
4689 **
4690 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
4691 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
4692 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
4693 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
4694 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
4695 */
4696 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
4697 
4698 /*
4699 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
4700 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
4701 **
4702 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
4703 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
4704 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
4705 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
4706 **
4707 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
4708 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
4709 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4710 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
4711 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
4712 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
4713 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
4714 **
4715 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
4716 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
4717 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
4718 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
4719 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
4720 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
4721 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
4722 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
4723 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
4724 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
4725 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
4726 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
4727 **
4728 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
4729 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
4730 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects returned by [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()]
4731 ** are protected.
4732 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
4733 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
4734 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
4735 ** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
4736 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
4737 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
4738 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
4739 */
4740 typedef struct sqlite3_value sqlite3_value;
4741 
4742 /*
4743 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
4744 **
4745 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
4746 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
4747 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
4748 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
4749 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
4750 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
4751 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
4752 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
4753 */
4754 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
4755 
4756 /*
4757 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
4758 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
4759 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
4760 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4761 **
4762 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
4763 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of the following
4764 ** templates:
4765 **
4766 ** <ul>
4767 ** <li>  ?
4768 ** <li>  ?NNN
4769 ** <li>  :VVV
4770 ** <li>  @VVV
4771 ** <li>  $VVV
4772 ** </ul>
4773 **
4774 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
4775 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
4776 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
4777 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
4778 **
4779 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
4780 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
4781 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
4782 **
4783 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
4784 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
4785 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
4786 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
4787 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
4788 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
4789 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
4790 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
4791 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 32766).
4792 **
4793 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
4794 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4795 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
4796 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
4797 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() is not NULL, then
4798 ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF8 text.
4799 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text16() is not NULL, then
4800 ** it should be a pointer to well-formed UTF16 text.
4801 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not NULL, then
4802 ** it should be a pointer to a well-formed unicode string that is
4803 ** either UTF8 if the sixth parameter is SQLITE_UTF8, or UTF16
4804 ** otherwise.
4805 **
4806 ** [[byte-order determination rules]] ^The byte-order of
4807 ** UTF16 input text is determined by the byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF)
4808 ** found in the first character, which is removed, or in the absence of a BOM
4809 ** the byte order is the native byte order of the host
4810 ** machine for sqlite3_bind_text16() or the byte order specified in
4811 ** the 6th parameter for sqlite3_bind_text64().)^
4812 ** ^If UTF16 input text contains invalid unicode
4813 ** characters, then SQLite might change those invalid characters
4814 ** into the unicode replacement character: U+FFFD.
4815 **
4816 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
4817 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
4818 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
4819 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
4820 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
4821 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
4822 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
4823 ** the behavior is undefined.
4824 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
4825 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
4826 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
4827 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
4828 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
4829 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
4830 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
4831 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
4832 **
4833 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces controls
4834 ** or indicates the lifetime of the object referenced by the third parameter.
4835 ** These three options exist:
4836 ** ^ (1) A destructor to dispose of the BLOB or string after SQLite has finished
4837 ** with it may be passed. ^It is called to dispose of the BLOB or string even
4838 ** if the call to the bind API fails, except the destructor is not called if
4839 ** the third parameter is a NULL pointer or the fourth parameter is negative.
4840 ** ^ (2) The special constant, [SQLITE_STATIC], may be passed to indicate that
4841 ** the application remains responsible for disposing of the object. ^In this
4842 ** case, the object and the provided pointer to it must remain valid until
4843 ** either the prepared statement is finalized or the same SQL parameter is
4844 ** bound to something else, whichever occurs sooner.
4845 ** ^ (3) The constant, [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], may be passed to indicate that the
4846 ** object is to be copied prior to the return from sqlite3_bind_*(). ^The
4847 ** object and pointer to it must remain valid until then. ^SQLite will then
4848 ** manage the lifetime of its private copy.
4849 **
4850 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
4851 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
4852 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
4853 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
4854 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
4855 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
4856 ** is undefined.
4857 **
4858 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
4859 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
4860 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
4861 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
4862 ** content is later written using
4863 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
4864 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
4865 **
4866 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
4867 ** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
4868 ** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
4869 ** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
4870 ** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
4871 ** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
4872 ** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
4873 ** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
4874 **
4875 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
4876 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
4877 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
4878 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
4879 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
4880 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
4881 **
4882 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
4883 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
4884 **
4885 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
4886 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
4887 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
4888 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
4889 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
4890 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
4891 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
4892 **
4893 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
4894 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4895 */
4896 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
4897 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
4898                         void(*)(void*));
4899 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
4900 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
4901 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
4902 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4903 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
4904 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4905 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
4906                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4907 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
4908 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
4909 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
4910 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
4911 
4912 /*
4913 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
4914 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4915 **
4916 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
4917 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
4918 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
4919 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
4920 ** to the parameters at a later time.
4921 **
4922 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
4923 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
4924 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
4925 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
4926 **
4927 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4928 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
4929 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4930 */
4931 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
4932 
4933 /*
4934 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
4935 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4936 **
4937 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
4938 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
4939 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4940 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
4941 ** respectively.
4942 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
4943 ** is included as part of the name.)^
4944 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
4945 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
4946 **
4947 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
4948 **
4949 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
4950 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
4951 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
4952 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
4953 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4954 **
4955 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4956 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4957 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
4958 */
4959 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
4960 
4961 /*
4962 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
4963 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4964 **
4965 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
4966 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
4967 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
4968 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
4969 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
4970 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
4971 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
4972 **
4973 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
4974 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
4975 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
4976 */
4977 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
4978 
4979 /*
4980 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
4981 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4982 **
4983 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
4984 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
4985 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
4986 */
4987 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
4988 
4989 /*
4990 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
4991 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4992 **
4993 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
4994 ** [prepared statement]. ^If this routine returns 0, that means the
4995 ** [prepared statement] returns no data (for example an [UPDATE]).
4996 ** ^However, just because this routine returns a positive number does not
4997 ** mean that one or more rows of data will be returned.  ^A SELECT statement
4998 ** will always have a positive sqlite3_column_count() but depending on the
4999 ** WHERE clause constraints and the table content, it might return no rows.
5000 **
5001 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
5002 */
5003 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5004 
5005 /*
5006 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
5007 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5008 **
5009 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
5010 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
5011 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
5012 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
5013 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
5014 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
5015 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
5016 **
5017 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
5018 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
5019 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
5020 ** or until the next call to
5021 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
5022 **
5023 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
5024 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
5025 ** NULL pointer is returned.
5026 **
5027 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
5028 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
5029 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
5030 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
5031 */
5032 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
5033 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
5034 
5035 /*
5036 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
5037 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5038 **
5039 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
5040 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in a
5041 ** [SELECT] statement.
5042 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
5043 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
5044 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
5045 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
5046 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
5047 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
5048 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
5049 ** or until the same information is requested
5050 ** again in a different encoding.
5051 **
5052 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
5053 ** database, table, and column.
5054 **
5055 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
5056 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
5057 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
5058 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
5059 **
5060 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
5061 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
5062 ** NULL.  ^These routines might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
5063 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
5064 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
5065 **
5066 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
5067 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
5068 **
5069 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
5070 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
5071 **
5072 ** If two or more threads call one or more
5073 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
5074 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
5075 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
5076 */
5077 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5078 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5079 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5080 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5081 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5082 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5083 
5084 /*
5085 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
5086 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5087 **
5088 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
5089 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
5090 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
5091 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
5092 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
5093 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
5094 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
5095 **
5096 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
5097 **
5098 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
5099 **
5100 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
5101 **
5102 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
5103 **
5104 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
5105 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
5106 **
5107 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
5108 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
5109 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
5110 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
5111 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
5112 ** used to hold those values.
5113 */
5114 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5115 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
5116 
5117 /*
5118 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
5119 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5120 **
5121 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
5122 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
5123 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
5124 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
5125 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
5126 **
5127 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
5128 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
5129 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
5130 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
5131 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
5132 ** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
5133 ** interface will continue to be supported.
5134 **
5135 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
5136 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
5137 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
5138 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
5139 **
5140 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
5141 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
5142 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
5143 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
5144 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
5145 ** continuing.
5146 **
5147 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
5148 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
5149 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
5150 ** machine back to its initial state.
5151 **
5152 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
5153 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
5154 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
5155 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
5156 **
5157 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
5158 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
5159 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
5160 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
5161 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
5162 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
5163 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
5164 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
5165 **
5166 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
5167 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
5168 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
5169 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
5170 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
5171 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
5172 **
5173 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
5174 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
5175 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
5176 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
5177 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
5178 ** sqlite3_step().  But after [version 3.6.23.1] ([dateof:3.6.23.1]),
5179 ** sqlite3_step() began
5180 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
5181 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
5182 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
5183 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
5184 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
5185 **
5186 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
5187 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
5188 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
5189 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
5190 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
5191 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
5192 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
5193 ** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
5194 ** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
5195 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
5196 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
5197 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
5198 */
5199 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
5200 
5201 /*
5202 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
5203 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5204 **
5205 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
5206 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
5207 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
5208 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column()] family of
5209 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
5210 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
5211 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
5212 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
5213 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
5214 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
5215 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
5216 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
5217 **
5218 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
5219 */
5220 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5221 
5222 /*
5223 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
5224 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
5225 **
5226 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
5227 **
5228 ** <ul>
5229 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
5230 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
5231 ** <li> string
5232 ** <li> BLOB
5233 ** <li> NULL
5234 ** </ul>)^
5235 **
5236 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
5237 **
5238 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
5239 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
5240 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
5241 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
5242 */
5243 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
5244 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
5245 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
5246 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
5247 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
5248 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
5249 #else
5250 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
5251 #endif
5252 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
5253 
5254 /*
5255 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
5256 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
5257 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5258 **
5259 ** <b>Summary:</b>
5260 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5261 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
5262 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
5263 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
5264 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
5265 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
5266 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
5267 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an
5268 ** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
5269 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5270 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5271 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
5272 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5273 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5274 ** TEXT in bytes
5275 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5276 ** datatype of the result
5277 ** </table></blockquote>
5278 **
5279 ** <b>Details:</b>
5280 **
5281 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
5282 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
5283 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
5284 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
5285 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
5286 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
5287 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
5288 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
5289 **
5290 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
5291 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
5292 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
5293 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
5294 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
5295 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
5296 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
5297 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
5298 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
5299 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
5300 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
5301 **
5302 ** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
5303 ** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
5304 ** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
5305 ** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
5306 ** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
5307 **
5308 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
5309 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
5310 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5311 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
5312 ** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
5313 ** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
5314 ** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
5315 ** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
5316 ** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
5317 ** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
5318 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
5319 ** following a type conversion.
5320 **
5321 ** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
5322 ** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
5323 ** of that BLOB or string.
5324 **
5325 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
5326 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
5327 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
5328 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
5329 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
5330 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
5331 ** the number of bytes in that string.
5332 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
5333 **
5334 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5335 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
5336 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
5337 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
5338 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
5339 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
5340 ** the number of bytes in that string.
5341 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
5342 **
5343 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
5344 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
5345 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
5346 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
5347 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
5348 **
5349 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
5350 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
5351 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
5352 **
5353 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text16() always have the endianness
5354 ** which is native to the platform, regardless of the text encoding set
5355 ** for the database.
5356 **
5357 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
5358 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
5359 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
5360 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
5361 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
5362 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
5363 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5364 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
5365 ** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
5366 ** is normally only useful within the implementation of
5367 ** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
5368 ** top-level application code.
5369 **
5370 ** These routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
5371 ** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
5372 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
5373 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
5374 ** that are applied:
5375 **
5376 ** <blockquote>
5377 ** <table border="1">
5378 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
5379 **
5380 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
5381 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
5382 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5383 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
5384 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
5385 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
5386 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
5387 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5388 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
5389 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
5390 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5391 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5392 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
5393 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
5394 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
5395 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> [CAST] to TEXT, ensure zero terminator
5396 ** </table>
5397 ** </blockquote>)^
5398 **
5399 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
5400 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
5401 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
5402 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
5403 ** in the following cases:
5404 **
5405 ** <ul>
5406 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
5407 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
5408 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
5409 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
5410 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
5411 **      to UTF-16.</li>
5412 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5413 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
5414 **      to UTF-8.</li>
5415 ** </ul>
5416 **
5417 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
5418 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
5419 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
5420 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
5421 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
5422 **
5423 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
5424 ** in one of the following ways:
5425 **
5426 ** <ul>
5427 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5428 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
5429 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
5430 ** </ul>
5431 **
5432 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
5433 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
5434 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
5435 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
5436 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
5437 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
5438 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
5439 **
5440 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
5441 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
5442 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
5443 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
5444 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
5445 ** [sqlite3_free()].
5446 **
5447 ** As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
5448 ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5449 ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5450 ** errors:
5451 **
5452 ** <ul>
5453 ** <li> sqlite3_column_blob()
5454 ** <li> sqlite3_column_text()
5455 ** <li> sqlite3_column_text16()
5456 ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes()
5457 ** <li> sqlite3_column_bytes16()
5458 ** </ul>
5459 **
5460 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5461 ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5462 ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5463 ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5464 ** return value is obtained and before any
5465 ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5466 */
5467 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5468 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5469 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5470 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5471 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5472 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5473 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5474 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5475 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5476 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
5477 
5478 /*
5479 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
5480 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
5481 **
5482 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
5483 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
5484 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
5485 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
5486 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
5487 ** [extended error code].
5488 **
5489 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
5490 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
5491 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
5492 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
5493 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
5494 ** completed execution.
5495 **
5496 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
5497 **
5498 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
5499 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
5500 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
5501 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
5502 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
5503 */
5504 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5505 
5506 /*
5507 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
5508 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5509 **
5510 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
5511 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
5512 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
5513 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
5514 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
5515 **
5516 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
5517 ** back to the beginning of its program.
5518 **
5519 ** ^The return code from [sqlite3_reset(S)] indicates whether or not
5520 ** the previous evaluation of prepared statement S completed successfully.
5521 ** ^If [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S or if
5522 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] has not been called since the previous call
5523 ** to [sqlite3_reset(S)], then [sqlite3_reset(S)] will return
5524 ** [SQLITE_OK].
5525 **
5526 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
5527 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
5528 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
5529 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface might also return an [error code]
5530 ** if there were no prior errors but the process of resetting
5531 ** the prepared statement caused a new error. ^For example, if an
5532 ** [INSERT] statement with a [RETURNING] clause is only stepped one time,
5533 ** that one call to [sqlite3_step(S)] might return SQLITE_ROW but
5534 ** the overall statement might still fail and the [sqlite3_reset(S)] call
5535 ** might return SQLITE_BUSY if locking constraints prevent the
5536 ** database change from committing.  Therefore, it is important that
5537 ** applications check the return code from [sqlite3_reset(S)] even if
5538 ** no prior call to [sqlite3_step(S)] indicated a problem.
5539 **
5540 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
5541 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
5542 */
5543 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5544 
5545 
5546 /*
5547 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
5548 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
5549 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5550 **
5551 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
5552 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
5553 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates. The only differences between
5554 ** the three "sqlite3_create_function*" routines are the text encoding
5555 ** expected for the second parameter (the name of the function being
5556 ** created) and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
5557 ** the application data pointer. Function sqlite3_create_window_function()
5558 ** is similar, but allows the user to supply the extra callback functions
5559 ** needed by [aggregate window functions].
5560 **
5561 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
5562 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
5563 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
5564 ** to each database connection separately.
5565 **
5566 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
5567 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
5568 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
5569 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
5570 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
5571 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
5572 **
5573 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
5574 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
5575 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
5576 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
5577 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
5578 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
5579 ** undefined.
5580 **
5581 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
5582 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
5583 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
5584 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
5585 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
5586 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
5587 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
5588 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
5589 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
5590 ** each encoding.
5591 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
5592 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
5593 **
5594 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
5595 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
5596 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
5597 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
5598 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
5599 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
5600 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
5601 **
5602 ** ^The fourth parameter may also optionally include the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]
5603 ** flag, which if present prevents the function from being invoked from
5604 ** within VIEWs, TRIGGERs, CHECK constraints, generated column expressions,
5605 ** index expressions, or the WHERE clause of partial indexes.
5606 **
5607 ** For best security, the [SQLITE_DIRECTONLY] flag is recommended for
5608 ** all application-defined SQL functions that do not need to be
5609 ** used inside of triggers, views, CHECK constraints, or other elements of
5610 ** the database schema.  This flag is especially recommended for SQL
5611 ** functions that have side effects or reveal internal application state.
5612 ** Without this flag, an attacker might be able to modify the schema of
5613 ** a database file to include invocations of the function with parameters
5614 ** chosen by the attacker, which the application will then execute when
5615 ** the database file is opened and read.
5616 **
5617 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
5618 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
5619 **
5620 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters passed to the three
5621 ** "sqlite3_create_function*" functions, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
5622 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
5623 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
5624 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
5625 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
5626 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
5627 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
5628 ** callbacks.
5629 **
5630 ** ^The sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth parameters (xStep, xFinal, xValue
5631 ** and xInverse) passed to sqlite3_create_window_function are pointers to
5632 ** C-language callbacks that implement the new function. xStep and xFinal
5633 ** must both be non-NULL. xValue and xInverse may either both be NULL, in
5634 ** which case a regular aggregate function is created, or must both be
5635 ** non-NULL, in which case the new function may be used as either an aggregate
5636 ** or aggregate window function. More details regarding the implementation
5637 ** of aggregate window functions are
5638 ** [user-defined window functions|available here].
5639 **
5640 ** ^(If the final parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() or
5641 ** sqlite3_create_window_function() is not NULL, then it is the destructor for
5642 ** the application data pointer. The destructor is invoked when the function
5643 ** is deleted, either by being overloaded or when the database connection
5644 ** closes.)^ ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
5645 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.  ^When the destructor callback is
5646 ** invoked, it is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application
5647 ** data pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
5648 **
5649 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
5650 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
5651 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
5652 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
5653 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
5654 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
5655 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
5656 ** matches the database encoding is a better
5657 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
5658 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
5659 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
5660 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
5661 **
5662 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
5663 **
5664 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
5665 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
5666 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
5667 ** statement in which the function is running.
5668 */
5669 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
5670   sqlite3 *db,
5671   const char *zFunctionName,
5672   int nArg,
5673   int eTextRep,
5674   void *pApp,
5675   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5676   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5677   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5678 );
5679 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
5680   sqlite3 *db,
5681   const void *zFunctionName,
5682   int nArg,
5683   int eTextRep,
5684   void *pApp,
5685   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5686   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5687   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
5688 );
5689 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
5690   sqlite3 *db,
5691   const char *zFunctionName,
5692   int nArg,
5693   int eTextRep,
5694   void *pApp,
5695   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5696   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5697   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5698   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5699 );
5700 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_window_function(
5701   sqlite3 *db,
5702   const char *zFunctionName,
5703   int nArg,
5704   int eTextRep,
5705   void *pApp,
5706   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5707   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
5708   void (*xValue)(sqlite3_context*),
5709   void (*xInverse)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5710   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
5711 );
5712 
5713 /*
5714 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
5715 **
5716 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
5717 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
5718 */
5719 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
5720 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
5721 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
5722 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
5723 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
5724 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
5725 
5726 /*
5727 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
5728 **
5729 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
5730 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
5731 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
5732 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
5733 **
5734 ** <dl>
5735 ** [[SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]] <dt>SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC</dt><dd>
5736 ** The SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC flag means that the new function always gives
5737 ** the same output when the input parameters are the same.
5738 ** The [abs|abs() function] is deterministic, for example, but
5739 ** [randomblob|randomblob()] is not.  Functions must
5740 ** be deterministic in order to be used in certain contexts such as
5741 ** with the WHERE clause of [partial indexes] or in [generated columns].
5742 ** SQLite might also optimize deterministic functions by factoring them
5743 ** out of inner loops.
5744 ** </dd>
5745 **
5746 ** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
5747 ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
5748 ** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
5749 ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5750 ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
5751 ** <p>
5752 ** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag is recommended for any
5753 ** [application-defined SQL function]
5754 ** that has side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive information.
5755 ** This will prevent attacks in which an application is tricked
5756 ** into using a database file that has had its schema surreptitiously
5757 ** modified to invoke the application-defined function in ways that are
5758 ** harmful.
5759 ** <p>
5760 ** Some people say it is good practice to set SQLITE_DIRECTONLY on all
5761 ** [application-defined SQL functions], regardless of whether or not they
5762 ** are security sensitive, as doing so prevents those functions from being used
5763 ** inside of the database schema, and thus ensures that the database
5764 ** can be inspected and modified using generic tools (such as the [CLI])
5765 ** that do not have access to the application-defined functions.
5766 ** </dd>
5767 **
5768 ** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
5769 ** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
5770 ** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
5771 ** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
5772 ** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an
5773 ** innocuous function.
5774 ** The [load_extension() SQL function] is not innocuous because of its
5775 ** side effects.
5776 ** <p> SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is similar to SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, but is not
5777 ** exactly the same.  The [random|random() function] is an example of a
5778 ** function that is innocuous but not deterministic.
5779 ** <p>Some heightened security settings
5780 ** ([SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRUSTED_SCHEMA] and [PRAGMA trusted_schema=OFF])
5781 ** disable the use of SQL functions inside views and triggers and in
5782 ** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
5783 ** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], and [generated columns] unless
5784 ** the function is tagged with SQLITE_INNOCUOUS.  Most built-in functions
5785 ** are innocuous.  Developers are advised to avoid using the
5786 ** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag for application-defined functions unless the
5787 ** function has been carefully audited and found to be free of potentially
5788 ** security-adverse side-effects and information-leaks.
5789 ** </dd>
5790 **
5791 ** [[SQLITE_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5792 ** The SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
5793 ** [sqlite3_value_subtype()] to inspect the sub-types of its arguments.
5794 ** This flag instructs SQLite to omit some corner-case optimizations that
5795 ** might disrupt the operation of the [sqlite3_value_subtype()] function,
5796 ** causing it to return zero rather than the correct subtype().
5797 ** All SQL functions that invoke [sqlite3_value_subtype()] should have this
5798 ** property.  If the SQLITE_SUBTYPE property is omitted, then the return
5799 ** value from [sqlite3_value_subtype()] might sometimes be zero even though
5800 ** a non-zero subtype was specified by the function argument expression.
5801 **
5802 ** [[SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]] <dt>SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE</dt><dd>
5803 ** The SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE flag indicates to SQLite that a function might call
5804 ** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] to cause a sub-type to be associated with its
5805 ** result.
5806 ** Every function that invokes [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should have this
5807 ** property.  If it does not, then the call to [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
5808 ** might become a no-op if the function is used as term in an
5809 ** [expression index].  On the other hand, SQL functions that never invoke
5810 ** [sqlite3_result_subtype()] should avoid setting this property, as the
5811 ** purpose of this property is to disable certain optimizations that are
5812 ** incompatible with subtypes.
5813 **
5814 ** [[SQLITE_SELFORDER1]] <dt>SQLITE_SELFORDER1</dt><dd>
5815 ** The SQLITE_SELFORDER1 flag indicates that the function is an aggregate
5816 ** that internally orders the values provided to the first argument.  The
5817 ** ordered-set aggregate SQL notation with a single ORDER BY term can be
5818 ** used to invoke this function.  If the ordered-set aggregate notation is
5819 ** used on a function that lacks this flag, then an error is raised. Note
5820 ** that the ordered-set aggregate syntax is only available if SQLite is
5821 ** built using the -DSQLITE_ENABLE_ORDERED_SET_AGGREGATES compile-time option.
5822 ** </dd>
5823 ** </dl>
5824 */
5825 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x000000800
5826 #define SQLITE_DIRECTONLY       0x000080000
5827 #define SQLITE_SUBTYPE          0x000100000
5828 #define SQLITE_INNOCUOUS        0x000200000
5829 #define SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE   0x001000000
5830 #define SQLITE_SELFORDER1       0x002000000
5831 
5832 /*
5833 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
5834 ** DEPRECATED
5835 **
5836 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
5837 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
5838 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
5839 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
5840 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
5841 */
5842 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
5843 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
5844 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
5845 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
5846 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
5847 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
5848 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
5849                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
5850 #endif
5851 
5852 /*
5853 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
5854 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5855 **
5856 ** <b>Summary:</b>
5857 ** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
5858 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
5859 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
5860 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
5861 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
5862 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
5863 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
5864 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
5865 ** the native byteorder
5866 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
5867 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
5868 ** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
5869 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
5870 ** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
5871 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5872 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
5873 ** TEXT in bytes
5874 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
5875 ** datatype of the value
5876 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5877 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
5878 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5879 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
5880 ** against a virtual table.
5881 ** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_frombind&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
5882 ** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if value originated from a [bound parameter]
5883 ** </table></blockquote>
5884 **
5885 ** <b>Details:</b>
5886 **
5887 ** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
5888 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
5889 ** are used to pass parameter information into the functions that
5890 ** implement [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
5891 **
5892 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
5893 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
5894 ** is not threadsafe.
5895 **
5896 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
5897 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
5898 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
5899 **
5900 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
5901 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
5902 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
5903 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
5904 **
5905 ** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized
5906 ** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
5907 ** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
5908 ** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
5909 ** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer()
5910 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
5911 **
5912 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
5913 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
5914 ** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
5915 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
5916 ** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
5917 ** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
5918 ** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
5919 ** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
5920 ** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
5921 ** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
5922 **
5923 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
5924 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
5925 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
5926 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
5927 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
5928 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
5929 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
5930 **
5931 ** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
5932 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
5933 ** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
5934 ** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
5935 ** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
5936 ** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
5937 ** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
5938 ** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
5939 ** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
5940 ** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
5941 ** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
5942 ** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
5943 **
5944 ** ^The sqlite3_value_frombind(X) interface returns non-zero if the
5945 ** value X originated from one of the [sqlite3_bind_int|sqlite3_bind()]
5946 ** interfaces.  ^If X comes from an SQL literal value, or a table column,
5947 ** or an expression, then sqlite3_value_frombind(X) returns zero.
5948 **
5949 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
5950 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
5951 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
5952 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
5953 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
5954 **
5955 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
5956 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
5957 **
5958 ** As long as the input parameter is correct, these routines can only
5959 ** fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
5960 ** Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
5961 ** errors:
5962 **
5963 ** <ul>
5964 ** <li> sqlite3_value_blob()
5965 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text()
5966 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16()
5967 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16le()
5968 ** <li> sqlite3_value_text16be()
5969 ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes()
5970 ** <li> sqlite3_value_bytes16()
5971 ** </ul>
5972 **
5973 ** If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
5974 ** routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
5975 ** Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
5976 ** by invoking the [sqlite3_errcode()] immediately after the suspect
5977 ** return value is obtained and before any
5978 ** other SQLite interface is called on the same [database connection].
5979 */
5980 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
5981 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
5982 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
5983 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
5984 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
5985 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
5986 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
5987 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
5988 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
5989 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
5990 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
5991 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
5992 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
5993 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
5994 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);
5995 
5996 /*
5997 ** CAPI3REF: Report the internal text encoding state of an sqlite3_value object
5998 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
5999 **
6000 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
6001 ** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current text encoding
6002 ** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
6003 ** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
6004 ** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
6005 ** [sqlite3_value_text(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16be(X)],
6006 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le(X)], [sqlite3_value_bytes(X)], or
6007 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes16(X)] might change the encoding of the value X and
6008 ** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
6009 **
6010 ** This routine is intended for used by applications that test and validate
6011 ** the SQLite implementation.  This routine is inquiring about the opaque
6012 ** internal state of an [sqlite3_value] object.  Ordinary applications should
6013 ** not need to know what the internal state of an sqlite3_value object is and
6014 ** hence should not need to use this interface.
6015 */
6016 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);
6017 
6018 /*
6019 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
6020 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
6021 **
6022 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
6023 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
6024 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
6025 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
6026 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
6027 **
6028 ** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
6029 ** should include the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property in the text
6030 ** encoding argument when the function is [sqlite3_create_function|registered].
6031 ** If the [SQLITE_SUBTYPE] property is omitted, then sqlite3_value_subtype()
6032 ** might return zero instead of the upstream subtype in some corner cases.
6033 */
6034 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
6035 
6036 /*
6037 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
6038 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
6039 **
6040 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
6041 ** object V and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
6042 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
6043 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
6044 ** memory allocation fails. ^If V is a [pointer value], then the result
6045 ** of sqlite3_value_dup(V) is a NULL value.
6046 **
6047 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
6048 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
6049 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
6050 */
6051 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
6052 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
6053 
6054 /*
6055 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
6056 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6057 **
6058 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
6059 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
6060 **
6061 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
6062 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite allocates
6063 ** N bytes of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
6064 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
6065 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
6066 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
6067 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
6068 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
6069 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
6070 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
6071 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
6072 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
6073 **
6074 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
6075 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
6076 ** allocation error occurs.
6077 **
6078 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
6079 ** determined by the N parameter on the first successful call.  Changing the
6080 ** value of N in any subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
6081 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
6082 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
6083 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
6084 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
6085 **
6086 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
6087 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
6088 **
6089 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
6090 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
6091 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
6092 ** function.
6093 **
6094 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
6095 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
6096 */
6097 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
6098 
6099 /*
6100 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
6101 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6102 **
6103 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
6104 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
6105 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
6106 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
6107 ** registered the application defined function.
6108 **
6109 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
6110 ** the application-defined function is running.
6111 */
6112 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
6113 
6114 /*
6115 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
6116 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6117 **
6118 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
6119 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
6120 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
6121 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
6122 ** registered the application defined function.
6123 */
6124 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
6125 
6126 /*
6127 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
6128 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6129 **
6130 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
6131 ** associate auxiliary data with argument values. If the same argument
6132 ** value is passed to multiple invocations of the same SQL function during
6133 ** query execution, under some circumstances the associated auxiliary data
6134 ** might be preserved.  An example of where this might be useful is in a
6135 ** regular-expression matching function. The compiled version of the regular
6136 ** expression can be stored as auxiliary data associated with the pattern string.
6137 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
6138 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
6139 ** invocations of the same function.
6140 **
6141 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface returns a pointer to the auxiliary data
6142 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) function with the Nth argument
6143 ** value to the application-defined function.  ^N is zero for the left-most
6144 ** function argument.  ^If there is no auxiliary data
6145 ** associated with the function argument, the sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) interface
6146 ** returns a NULL pointer.
6147 **
6148 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as auxiliary data for the
6149 ** N-th argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
6150 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
6151 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the auxiliary data is still valid or
6152 ** NULL if the auxiliary data has been discarded.
6153 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
6154 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
6155 ** once, when the auxiliary data is discarded.
6156 ** SQLite is free to discard the auxiliary data at any time, including: <ul>
6157 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
6158 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
6159 **      SQL statement)^, or
6160 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
6161 **       parameter)^, or
6162 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
6163 **      allocation error occurs.)^
6164 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call if the function
6165 **      is evaluated during query planning instead of during query execution,
6166 **      as sometimes happens with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].)^ </ul>
6167 **
6168 ** Note the last two bullets in particular.  The destructor X in
6169 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
6170 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
6171 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
6172 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
6173 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.  Furthermore, a call to
6174 ** sqlite3_get_auxdata() that occurs immediately after a corresponding call
6175 ** to sqlite3_set_auxdata() might still return NULL if an out-of-memory
6176 ** condition occurred during the sqlite3_set_auxdata() call or if the
6177 ** function is being evaluated during query planning rather than during
6178 ** query execution.
6179 **
6180 ** ^(In practice, auxiliary data is preserved between function calls for
6181 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
6182 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
6183 **
6184 ** The value of the N parameter to these interfaces should be non-negative.
6185 ** Future enhancements may make use of negative N values to define new
6186 ** kinds of function caching behavior.
6187 **
6188 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
6189 ** the SQL function is running.
6190 **
6191 ** See also: [sqlite3_get_clientdata()] and [sqlite3_set_clientdata()].
6192 */
6193 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
6194 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
6195 
6196 /*
6197 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Client Data
6198 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6199 **
6200 ** These functions are used to associate one or more named pointers
6201 ** with a [database connection].
6202 ** A call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) causes the pointer P
6203 ** to be attached to [database connection] D using name N.  Subsequent
6204 ** calls to sqlite3_get_clientdata(D,N) will return a copy of pointer P
6205 ** or a NULL pointer if there were no prior calls to
6206 ** sqlite3_set_clientdata() with the same values of D and N.
6207 ** Names are compared using strcmp() and are thus case sensitive.
6208 **
6209 ** If P and X are both non-NULL, then the destructor X is invoked with
6210 ** argument P on the first of the following occurrences:
6211 ** <ul>
6212 ** <li> An out-of-memory error occurs during the call to
6213 **      sqlite3_set_clientdata() which attempts to register pointer P.
6214 ** <li> A subsequent call to sqlite3_set_clientdata(D,N,P,X) is made
6215 **      with the same D and N parameters.
6216 ** <li> The database connection closes.  SQLite does not make any guarantees
6217 **      about the order in which destructors are called, only that all
6218 **      destructors will be called exactly once at some point during the
6219 **      database connection closing process.
6220 ** </ul>
6221 **
6222 ** SQLite does not do anything with client data other than invoke
6223 ** destructors on the client data at the appropriate time.  The intended
6224 ** use for client data is to provide a mechanism for wrapper libraries
6225 ** to store additional information about an SQLite database connection.
6226 **
6227 ** There is no limit (other than available memory) on the number of different
6228 ** client data pointers (with different names) that can be attached to a
6229 ** single database connection.  However, the implementation is optimized
6230 ** for the case of having only one or two different client data names.
6231 ** Applications and wrapper libraries are discouraged from using more than
6232 ** one client data name each.
6233 **
6234 ** There is no way to enumerate the client data pointers
6235 ** associated with a database connection.  The N parameter can be thought
6236 ** of as a secret key such that only code that knows the secret key is able
6237 ** to access the associated data.
6238 **
6239 ** Security Warning:  These interfaces should not be exposed in scripting
6240 ** languages or in other circumstances where it might be possible for an
6241 ** attacker to invoke them.  Any agent that can invoke these interfaces
6242 ** can probably also take control of the process.
6243 **
6244 ** Database connection client data is only available for SQLite
6245 ** version 3.44.0 ([dateof:3.44.0]) and later.
6246 **
6247 ** See also: [sqlite3_set_auxdata()] and [sqlite3_get_auxdata()].
6248 */
6249 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_clientdata(sqlite3*,const char*);
6250 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_clientdata(sqlite3*, const char*, void*, void(*)(void*));
6251 
6252 /*
6253 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
6254 **
6255 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
6256 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
6257 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
6258 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
6259 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
6260 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
6261 ** the content before returning.
6262 **
6263 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
6264 ** C++ compilers.
6265 */
6266 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
6267 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
6268 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
6269 
6270 /*
6271 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
6272 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6273 **
6274 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
6275 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
6276 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
6277 ** for additional information.
6278 **
6279 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
6280 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
6281 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
6282 **
6283 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
6284 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
6285 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
6286 ** third parameter.
6287 **
6288 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
6289 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
6290 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
6291 **
6292 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
6293 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
6294 ** by its 2nd argument.
6295 **
6296 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
6297 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
6298 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
6299 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
6300 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
6301 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
6302 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 using
6303 ** the same [byte-order determination rules] as [sqlite3_bind_text16()].
6304 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
6305 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
6306 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
6307 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
6308 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
6309 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
6310 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
6311 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
6312 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
6313 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
6314 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
6315 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
6316 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
6317 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
6318 **
6319 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
6320 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
6321 **
6322 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
6323 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
6324 **
6325 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
6326 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
6327 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
6328 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
6329 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
6330 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
6331 **
6332 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
6333 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
6334 **
6335 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
6336 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
6337 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
6338 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
6339 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
6340 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
6341 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
6342 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
6343 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
6344 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
6345 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
6346 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to any of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6347 ** other than sqlite3_result_text64() is negative, then SQLite computes
6348 ** the string length itself by searching the 2nd parameter for the first
6349 ** zero character.
6350 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6351 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
6352 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
6353 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
6354 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
6355 ** appear if the string were NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
6356 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
6357 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
6358 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
6359 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6360 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
6361 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
6362 ** finished using that result.
6363 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
6364 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
6365 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
6366 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
6367 ** when it has finished using that result.
6368 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
6369 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
6370 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
6371 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
6372 **
6373 ** ^For the sqlite3_result_text16(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
6374 ** sqlite3_result_text16be() routines, and for sqlite3_result_text64()
6375 ** when the encoding is not UTF8, if the input UTF16 begins with a
6376 ** byte-order mark (BOM, U+FEFF) then the BOM is removed from the
6377 ** string and the rest of the string is interpreted according to the
6378 ** byte-order specified by the BOM.  ^The byte-order specified by
6379 ** the BOM at the beginning of the text overrides the byte-order
6380 ** specified by the interface procedure.  ^So, for example, if
6381 ** sqlite3_result_text16le() is invoked with text that begins
6382 ** with bytes 0xfe, 0xff (a big-endian byte-order mark) then the
6383 ** first two bytes of input are skipped and the remaining input
6384 ** is interpreted as UTF16BE text.
6385 **
6386 ** ^For UTF16 input text to the sqlite3_result_text16(),
6387 ** sqlite3_result_text16be(), sqlite3_result_text16le(), and
6388 ** sqlite3_result_text64() routines, if the text contains invalid
6389 ** UTF16 characters, the invalid characters might be converted
6390 ** into the unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.
6391 **
6392 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
6393 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
6394 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
6395 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
6396 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
6397 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
6398 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
6399 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
6400 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
6401 **
6402 ** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
6403 ** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
6404 ** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that
6405 ** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
6406 ** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
6407 ** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
6408 ** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
6409 ** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
6410 ** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
6411 ** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
6412 **
6413 ** If these routines are called from within a different thread
6414 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
6415 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
6416 */
6417 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
6418 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
6419                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
6420 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
6421 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
6422 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
6423 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
6424 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
6425 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
6426 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
6427 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
6428 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
6429 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
6430 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
6431                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
6432 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
6433 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
6434 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
6435 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
6436 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
6437 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
6438 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
6439 
6440 
6441 /*
6442 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
6443 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
6444 **
6445 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
6446 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
6447 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
6448 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
6449 ** higher order bits are discarded.
6450 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
6451 ** in future releases of SQLite.
6452 **
6453 ** Every [application-defined SQL function] that invokes this interface
6454 ** should include the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE] property in its
6455 ** text encoding argument when the SQL function is
6456 ** [sqlite3_create_function|registered].  If the [SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE]
6457 ** property is omitted from the function that invokes sqlite3_result_subtype(),
6458 ** then in some cases the sqlite3_result_subtype() might fail to set
6459 ** the result subtype.
6460 **
6461 ** If SQLite is compiled with -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1, then any
6462 ** SQL function that invokes the sqlite3_result_subtype() interface
6463 ** and that does not have the SQLITE_RESULT_SUBTYPE property will raise
6464 ** an error.  Future versions of SQLite might enable -DSQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE=1
6465 ** by default.
6466 */
6467 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
6468 
6469 /*
6470 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
6471 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6472 **
6473 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
6474 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
6475 **
6476 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
6477 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
6478 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
6479 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
6480 ** considered to be the same name.
6481 **
6482 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
6483 ** <ul>
6484 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
6485 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
6486 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6487 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
6488 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
6489 ** </ul>)^
6490 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
6491 ** to the collating function callback, xCompare.
6492 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
6493 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
6494 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
6495 ** on an even byte address.
6496 **
6497 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
6498 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
6499 **
6500 ** ^The fifth argument, xCompare, is a pointer to the collating function.
6501 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
6502 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
6503 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
6504 ** ^If the xCompare argument is NULL then the collating function is
6505 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
6506 ** that collation is no longer usable.
6507 **
6508 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
6509 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
6510 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The two integer parameters to the collating
6511 ** function callback are the length of the two strings, in bytes. The collating
6512 ** function must return an integer that is negative, zero, or positive
6513 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
6514 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
6515 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
6516 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
6517 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
6518 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
6519 ** strings A, B, and C:
6520 **
6521 ** <ol>
6522 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
6523 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
6524 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
6525 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
6526 ** </ol>
6527 **
6528 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
6529 ** collating function is registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
6530 ** is undefined.
6531 **
6532 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
6533 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
6534 ** the collating function is deleted.
6535 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
6536 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
6537 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
6538 **
6539 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
6540 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
6541 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
6542 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
6543 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
6544 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
6545 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
6546 ** compatibility.
6547 **
6548 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
6549 */
6550 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
6551   sqlite3*,
6552   const char *zName,
6553   int eTextRep,
6554   void *pArg,
6555   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6556 );
6557 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
6558   sqlite3*,
6559   const char *zName,
6560   int eTextRep,
6561   void *pArg,
6562   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
6563   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
6564 );
6565 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
6566   sqlite3*,
6567   const void *zName,
6568   int eTextRep,
6569   void *pArg,
6570   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
6571 );
6572 
6573 /*
6574 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
6575 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6576 **
6577 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
6578 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
6579 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
6580 ** sequence is required.
6581 **
6582 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
6583 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
6584 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
6585 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
6586 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
6587 **
6588 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
6589 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
6590 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
6591 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
6592 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
6593 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
6594 ** required collation sequence.)^
6595 **
6596 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
6597 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
6598 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
6599 */
6600 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
6601   sqlite3*,
6602   void*,
6603   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
6604 );
6605 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
6606   sqlite3*,
6607   void*,
6608   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
6609 );
6610 
6611 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
6612 /*
6613 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
6614 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
6615 */
6616 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
6617   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
6618 );
6619 #endif
6620 
6621 /*
6622 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
6623 **
6624 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
6625 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
6626 **
6627 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
6628 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
6629 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
6630 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
6631 **
6632 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
6633 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
6634 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
6635 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
6636 ** in the previous paragraphs.
6637 **
6638 ** If a negative argument is passed to sqlite3_sleep() the results vary by
6639 ** VFS and operating system.  Some system treat a negative argument as an
6640 ** instruction to sleep forever.  Others understand it to mean do not sleep
6641 ** at all. ^In SQLite version 3.42.0 and later, a negative
6642 ** argument passed into sqlite3_sleep() is changed to zero before it is relayed
6643 ** down into the xSleep method of the VFS.
6644 */
6645 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
6646 
6647 /*
6648 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
6649 **
6650 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6651 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
6652 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
6653 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
6654 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
6655 ** temporary file directory.
6656 **
6657 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
6658 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
6659 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
6660 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
6661 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
6662 ** be avoided in new projects.
6663 **
6664 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6665 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6666 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6667 ** thread.
6668 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
6669 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6670 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6671 ** thereafter.
6672 **
6673 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6674 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6675 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6676 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6677 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6678 ** using [sqlite3_free].
6679 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6680 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6681 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6682 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
6683 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
6684 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
6685 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
6686 ** objects have been destroyed.
6687 **
6688 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
6689 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
6690 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
6691 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
6692 **
6693 ** <blockquote><pre>
6694 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
6695 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
6696 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
6697 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
6698 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
6699 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
6700 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
6701 ** </pre></blockquote>
6702 */
6703 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
6704 
6705 /*
6706 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
6707 **
6708 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
6709 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
6710 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
6711 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
6712 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
6713 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
6714 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
6715 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
6716 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
6717 **
6718 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
6719 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
6720 **
6721 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
6722 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
6723 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
6724 ** thread.
6725 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
6726 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
6727 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
6728 ** thereafter.
6729 **
6730 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
6731 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
6732 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
6733 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
6734 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
6735 ** using [sqlite3_free].
6736 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
6737 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6738 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
6739 */
6740 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
6741 
6742 /*
6743 ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Specific Interface
6744 **
6745 ** These interfaces are available only on Windows.  The
6746 ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface is used to set the value associated
6747 ** with the [sqlite3_temp_directory] or [sqlite3_data_directory] variable, to
6748 ** zValue, depending on the value of the type parameter.  The zValue parameter
6749 ** should be NULL to cause the previous value to be freed via [sqlite3_free];
6750 ** a non-NULL value will be copied into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
6751 ** prior to being used.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface returns
6752 ** [SQLITE_OK] to indicate success, [SQLITE_ERROR] if the type is unsupported,
6753 ** or [SQLITE_NOMEM] if memory could not be allocated.  The value of the
6754 ** [sqlite3_data_directory] variable is intended to act as a replacement for
6755 ** the current directory on the sub-platforms of Win32 where that concept is
6756 ** not present, e.g. WinRT and UWP.  The [sqlite3_win32_set_directory8] and
6757 ** [sqlite3_win32_set_directory16] interfaces behave exactly the same as the
6758 ** sqlite3_win32_set_directory interface except the string parameter must be
6759 ** UTF-8 or UTF-16, respectively.
6760 */
6761 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
6762   unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
6763   void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
6764 );
6765 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(unsigned long type, const char *zValue);
6766 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(unsigned long type, const void *zValue);
6767 
6768 /*
6769 ** CAPI3REF: Win32 Directory Types
6770 **
6771 ** These macros are only available on Windows.  They define the allowed values
6772 ** for the type argument to the [sqlite3_win32_set_directory] interface.
6773 */
6774 #define SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE  1
6775 #define SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE  2
6776 
6777 /*
6778 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
6779 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
6780 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6781 **
6782 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
6783 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
6784 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
6785 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
6786 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
6787 **
6788 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
6789 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
6790 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
6791 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
6792 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
6793 ** an error is to use this function.
6794 **
6795 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
6796 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
6797 ** is undefined.
6798 */
6799 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
6800 
6801 /*
6802 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
6803 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6804 **
6805 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
6806 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
6807 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
6808 ** that was the first argument
6809 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
6810 ** create the statement in the first place.
6811 */
6812 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
6813 
6814 /*
6815 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Schema Name For A Database Connection
6816 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6817 **
6818 ** ^The sqlite3_db_name(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the schema name
6819 ** for the N-th database on database connection D, or a NULL pointer if N is
6820 ** out of range.  An N value of 0 means the main database file.  An N of 1 is
6821 ** the "temp" schema.  Larger values of N correspond to various ATTACH-ed
6822 ** databases.
6823 **
6824 ** Space to hold the string that is returned by sqlite3_db_name() is managed
6825 ** by SQLite itself.  The string might be deallocated by any operation that
6826 ** changes the schema, including [ATTACH] or [DETACH] or calls to
6827 ** [sqlite3_serialize()] or [sqlite3_deserialize()], even operations that
6828 ** occur on a different thread.  Applications that need to
6829 ** remember the string long-term should make their own copy.  Applications that
6830 ** are accessing the same database connection simultaneously on multiple
6831 ** threads should mutex-protect calls to this API and should make their own
6832 ** private copy of the result prior to releasing the mutex.
6833 */
6834 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_name(sqlite3 *db, int N);
6835 
6836 /*
6837 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
6838 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6839 **
6840 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to the filename
6841 ** associated with database N of connection D.
6842 ** ^If there is no attached database N on the database
6843 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
6844 ** this function will return either a NULL pointer or an empty string.
6845 **
6846 ** ^The string value returned by this routine is owned and managed by
6847 ** the database connection.  ^The value will be valid until the database N
6848 ** is [DETACH]-ed or until the database connection closes.
6849 **
6850 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
6851 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
6852 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
6853 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
6854 **
6855 ** If the filename pointer returned by this routine is not NULL, then it
6856 ** can be used as the filename input parameter to these routines:
6857 ** <ul>
6858 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_parameter()]
6859 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_boolean()]
6860 ** <li> [sqlite3_uri_int64()]
6861 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_database()]
6862 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_journal()]
6863 ** <li> [sqlite3_filename_wal()]
6864 ** </ul>
6865 */
6866 SQLITE_API sqlite3_filename sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6867 
6868 /*
6869 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
6870 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6871 **
6872 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
6873 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
6874 ** the name of a database on connection D.
6875 */
6876 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
6877 
6878 /*
6879 ** CAPI3REF: Determine the transaction state of a database
6880 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6881 **
6882 ** ^The sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) interface returns the current
6883 ** [transaction state] of schema S in database connection D.  ^If S is NULL,
6884 ** then the highest transaction state of any schema on database connection D
6885 ** is returned.  Transaction states are (in order of lowest to highest):
6886 ** <ol>
6887 ** <li value="0"> SQLITE_TXN_NONE
6888 ** <li value="1"> SQLITE_TXN_READ
6889 ** <li value="2"> SQLITE_TXN_WRITE
6890 ** </ol>
6891 ** ^If the S argument to sqlite3_txn_state(D,S) is not the name of
6892 ** a valid schema, then -1 is returned.
6893 */
6894 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_txn_state(sqlite3*,const char *zSchema);
6895 
6896 /*
6897 ** CAPI3REF: Allowed return values from sqlite3_txn_state()
6898 ** KEYWORDS: {transaction state}
6899 **
6900 ** These constants define the current transaction state of a database file.
6901 ** ^The [sqlite3_txn_state(D,S)] interface returns one of these
6902 ** constants in order to describe the transaction state of schema S
6903 ** in [database connection] D.
6904 **
6905 ** <dl>
6906 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_NONE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_NONE</dt>
6907 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_NONE state means that no transaction is currently
6908 ** pending.</dd>
6909 **
6910 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_READ]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_READ</dt>
6911 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_READ state means that the database is currently
6912 ** in a read transaction.  Content has been read from the database file
6913 ** but nothing in the database file has changed.  The transaction state
6914 ** will be advanced to SQLITE_TXN_WRITE if any changes occur and there are
6915 ** no other conflicting concurrent write transactions.  The transaction
6916 ** state will revert to SQLITE_TXN_NONE following a [ROLLBACK] or
6917 ** [COMMIT].</dd>
6918 **
6919 ** [[SQLITE_TXN_WRITE]] <dt>SQLITE_TXN_WRITE</dt>
6920 ** <dd>The SQLITE_TXN_WRITE state means that the database is currently
6921 ** in a write transaction.  Content has been written to the database file
6922 ** but has not yet committed.  The transaction state will change to
6923 ** SQLITE_TXN_NONE at the next [ROLLBACK] or [COMMIT].</dd>
6924 */
6925 #define SQLITE_TXN_NONE  0
6926 #define SQLITE_TXN_READ  1
6927 #define SQLITE_TXN_WRITE 2
6928 
6929 /*
6930 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
6931 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6932 **
6933 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
6934 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
6935 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
6936 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
6937 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
6938 **
6939 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
6940 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
6941 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
6942 */
6943 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
6944 
6945 /*
6946 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
6947 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6948 **
6949 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
6950 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
6951 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
6952 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6953 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
6954 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
6955 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
6956 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
6957 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
6958 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
6959 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
6960 **
6961 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
6962 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
6963 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
6964 ** the first call for each function on D.
6965 **
6966 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
6967 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
6968 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
6969 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
6970 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
6971 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
6972 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
6973 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
6974 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
6975 **
6976 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
6977 **
6978 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
6979 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
6980 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
6981 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
6982 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
6983 **
6984 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
6985 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
6986 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
6987 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
6988 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
6989 **
6990 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
6991 */
6992 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
6993 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
6994 
6995 /*
6996 ** CAPI3REF: Autovacuum Compaction Amount Callback
6997 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6998 **
6999 ** ^The sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) interface registers a callback
7000 ** function C that is invoked prior to each autovacuum of the database
7001 ** file.  ^The callback is passed a copy of the generic data pointer (P),
7002 ** the schema-name of the attached database that is being autovacuumed,
7003 ** the size of the database file in pages, the number of free pages,
7004 ** and the number of bytes per page, respectively.  The callback should
7005 ** return the number of free pages that should be removed by the
7006 ** autovacuum.  ^If the callback returns zero, then no autovacuum happens.
7007 ** ^If the value returned is greater than or equal to the number of
7008 ** free pages, then a complete autovacuum happens.
7009 **
7010 ** <p>^If there are multiple ATTACH-ed database files that are being
7011 ** modified as part of a transaction commit, then the autovacuum pages
7012 ** callback is invoked separately for each file.
7013 **
7014 ** <p><b>The callback is not reentrant.</b> The callback function should
7015 ** not attempt to invoke any other SQLite interface.  If it does, bad
7016 ** things may happen, including segmentation faults and corrupt database
7017 ** files.  The callback function should be a simple function that
7018 ** does some arithmetic on its input parameters and returns a result.
7019 **
7020 ** ^The X parameter to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is an optional
7021 ** destructor for the P parameter.  ^If X is not NULL, then X(P) is
7022 ** invoked whenever the database connection closes or when the callback
7023 ** is overwritten by another invocation of sqlite3_autovacuum_pages().
7024 **
7025 ** <p>^There is only one autovacuum pages callback per database connection.
7026 ** ^Each call to the sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() interface overrides all
7027 ** previous invocations for that database connection.  ^If the callback
7028 ** argument (C) to sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(D,C,P,X) is a NULL pointer,
7029 ** then the autovacuum steps callback is canceled.  The return value
7030 ** from sqlite3_autovacuum_pages() is normally SQLITE_OK, but might
7031 ** be some other error code if something goes wrong.  The current
7032 ** implementation will only return SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_MISUSE, but other
7033 ** return codes might be added in future releases.
7034 **
7035 ** <p>If no autovacuum pages callback is specified (the usual case) or
7036 ** a NULL pointer is provided for the callback,
7037 ** then the default behavior is to vacuum all free pages.  So, in other
7038 ** words, the default behavior is the same as if the callback function
7039 ** were something like this:
7040 **
7041 ** <blockquote><pre>
7042 ** &nbsp;   unsigned int demonstration_autovac_pages_callback(
7043 ** &nbsp;     void *pClientData,
7044 ** &nbsp;     const char *zSchema,
7045 ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nDbPage,
7046 ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nFreePage,
7047 ** &nbsp;     unsigned int nBytePerPage
7048 ** &nbsp;   ){
7049 ** &nbsp;     return nFreePage;
7050 ** &nbsp;   }
7051 ** </pre></blockquote>
7052 */
7053 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_autovacuum_pages(
7054   sqlite3 *db,
7055   unsigned int(*)(void*,const char*,unsigned int,unsigned int,unsigned int),
7056   void*,
7057   void(*)(void*)
7058 );
7059 
7060 
7061 /*
7062 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
7063 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7064 **
7065 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
7066 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
7067 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
7068 ** a [rowid table].
7069 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
7070 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
7071 **
7072 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
7073 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
7074 ** ^The update hook is disabled by invoking sqlite3_update_hook()
7075 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
7076 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
7077 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
7078 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
7079 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
7080 ** to be invoked.
7081 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
7082 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
7083 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
7084 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
7085 **
7086 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
7087 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_sequence).)^
7088 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
7089 **
7090 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
7091 ** is not invoked when conflicting rows are deleted because of an
7092 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
7093 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
7094 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
7095 ** release of SQLite.
7096 **
7097 ** Whether the update hook is invoked before or after the
7098 ** corresponding change is currently unspecified and may differ
7099 ** depending on the type of change. Do not rely on the order of the
7100 ** hook call with regards to the final result of the operation which
7101 ** triggers the hook.
7102 **
7103 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
7104 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
7105 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
7106 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
7107 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
7108 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
7109 **
7110 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
7111 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
7112 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
7113 ** the first call on D.
7114 **
7115 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
7116 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
7117 */
7118 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
7119   sqlite3*,
7120   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
7121   void*
7122 );
7123 
7124 /*
7125 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
7126 **
7127 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
7128 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
7129 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
7130 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
7131 **
7132 ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with
7133 ** [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE].  The [-DSQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE]
7134 ** compile-time option is recommended because the
7135 ** [use of shared cache mode is discouraged].
7136 **
7137 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
7138 ** This is a change as of SQLite [version 3.5.0] ([dateof:3.5.0]).
7139 ** In prior versions of SQLite,
7140 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
7141 **
7142 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
7143 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
7144 ** Existing database connections continue to use the sharing mode
7145 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
7146 **
7147 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
7148 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
7149 **
7150 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. It is recommended that it stay
7151 ** that way.  In other words, do not use this routine.  This interface
7152 ** continues to be provided for historical compatibility, but its use is
7153 ** discouraged.  Any use of shared cache is discouraged.  If shared cache
7154 ** must be used, it is recommended that shared cache only be enabled for
7155 ** individual database connections using the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface
7156 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag.
7157 **
7158 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
7159 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
7160 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
7161 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
7162 **
7163 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
7164 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
7165 **
7166 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
7167 */
7168 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
7169 
7170 /*
7171 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
7172 **
7173 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
7174 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
7175 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
7176 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
7177 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
7178 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
7179 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
7180 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
7181 **
7182 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
7183 */
7184 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
7185 
7186 /*
7187 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
7188 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7189 **
7190 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
7191 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
7192 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
7193 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
7194 ** omitted.
7195 **
7196 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
7197 */
7198 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
7199 
7200 /*
7201 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
7202 **
7203 ** These interfaces impose limits on the amount of heap memory that will be
7204 ** used by all database connections within a single process.
7205 **
7206 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
7207 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
7208 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
7209 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
7210 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
7211 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
7212 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
7213 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
7214 ** is advisory only.
7215 **
7216 ** ^The sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface sets a hard upper bound of
7217 ** N bytes on the amount of memory that will be allocated.  ^The
7218 ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) interface is similar to
7219 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(N) except that memory allocations will fail
7220 ** when the hard heap limit is reached.
7221 **
7222 ** ^The return value from both sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() and
7223 ** sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64() is the size of
7224 ** the heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
7225 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
7226 ** then no change is made to the heap limit.  Hence, the current
7227 ** size of heap limits can be determined by invoking
7228 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(-1) or sqlite3_hard_heap_limit(-1).
7229 **
7230 ** ^Setting the heap limits to zero disables the heap limiter mechanism.
7231 **
7232 ** ^The soft heap limit may not be greater than the hard heap limit.
7233 ** ^If the hard heap limit is enabled and if sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(N)
7234 ** is invoked with a value of N that is greater than the hard heap limit,
7235 ** the soft heap limit is set to the value of the hard heap limit.
7236 ** ^The soft heap limit is automatically enabled whenever the hard heap
7237 ** limit is enabled. ^When sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(N) is invoked and
7238 ** the soft heap limit is outside the range of 1..N, then the soft heap
7239 ** limit is set to N.  ^Invoking sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(0) when the
7240 ** hard heap limit is enabled makes the soft heap limit equal to the
7241 ** hard heap limit.
7242 **
7243 ** The memory allocation limits can also be adjusted using
7244 ** [PRAGMA soft_heap_limit] and [PRAGMA hard_heap_limit].
7245 **
7246 ** ^(The heap limits are not enforced in the current implementation
7247 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
7248 **
7249 ** <ul>
7250 ** <li> The limit value is set to zero.
7251 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
7252 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
7253 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
7254 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
7255 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
7256 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
7257 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
7258 **      from the heap.
7259 ** </ul>)^
7260 **
7261 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the heap limits may
7262 ** change in future releases of SQLite.
7263 */
7264 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
7265 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
7266 
7267 /*
7268 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
7269 ** DEPRECATED
7270 **
7271 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
7272 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
7273 ** only.  All new applications should use the
7274 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
7275 */
7276 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
7277 
7278 
7279 /*
7280 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
7281 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7282 **
7283 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
7284 ** information about column C of table T in database D
7285 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
7286 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
7287 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
7288 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
7289 ** SQLITE_ERROR if the specified column does not exist.
7290 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
7291 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
7292 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
7293 ** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
7294 ** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
7295 ** undefined behavior.
7296 **
7297 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
7298 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
7299 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
7300 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
7301 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
7302 ** resolve unqualified table references.
7303 **
7304 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
7305 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
7306 **
7307 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
7308 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
7309 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
7310 **
7311 ** ^(<blockquote>
7312 ** <table border="1">
7313 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
7314 **
7315 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
7316 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
7317 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
7318 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
7319 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
7320 ** </table>
7321 ** </blockquote>)^
7322 **
7323 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
7324 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
7325 ** call to any SQLite API function.
7326 **
7327 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
7328 **
7329 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
7330 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
7331 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
7332 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
7333 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
7334 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
7335 **
7336 ** <pre>
7337 **     data type: "INTEGER"
7338 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
7339 **     not null: 0
7340 **     primary key: 1
7341 **     auto increment: 0
7342 ** </pre>)^
7343 **
7344 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
7345 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
7346 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
7347 */
7348 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
7349   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
7350   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
7351   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
7352   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
7353   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
7354   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
7355   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
7356   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
7357   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
7358 );
7359 
7360 /*
7361 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
7362 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7363 **
7364 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
7365 **
7366 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
7367 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
7368 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
7369 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
7370 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
7371 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
7372 ** be tried also.
7373 **
7374 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
7375 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
7376 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
7377 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where
7378 ** X consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
7379 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
7380 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
7381 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
7382 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
7383 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
7384 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
7385 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
7386 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
7387 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
7388 **
7389 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
7390 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
7391 ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
7392 ** prior to calling this API,
7393 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
7394 **
7395 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
7396 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
7397 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
7398 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
7399 ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
7400 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
7401 **
7402 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
7403 */
7404 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
7405   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
7406   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
7407   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
7408   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
7409 );
7410 
7411 /*
7412 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
7413 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7414 **
7415 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
7416 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
7417 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
7418 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
7419 **
7420 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
7421 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
7422 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
7423 ** it back off again.
7424 **
7425 ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
7426 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
7427 ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
7428 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
7429 **
7430 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
7431 ** be enabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
7432 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
7433 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
7434 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
7435 */
7436 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
7437 
7438 /*
7439 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
7440 **
7441 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
7442 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
7443 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
7444 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
7445 **
7446 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
7447 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
7448 ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
7449 ** entry point were as follows:
7450 **
7451 ** <blockquote><pre>
7452 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
7453 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
7454 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
7455 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
7456 ** &nbsp;  );
7457 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
7458 **
7459 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
7460 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
7461 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
7462 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
7463 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
7464 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
7465 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
7466 **
7467 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
7468 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
7469 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
7470 **
7471 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
7472 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
7473 */
7474 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
7475 
7476 /*
7477 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
7478 **
7479 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
7480 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
7481 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
7482 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
7483 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
7484 ** routines.
7485 */
7486 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
7487 
7488 /*
7489 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
7490 **
7491 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
7492 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
7493 */
7494 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
7495 
7496 /*
7497 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
7498 */
7499 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
7500 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
7501 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
7502 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
7503 
7504 /*
7505 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
7506 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
7507 **
7508 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
7509 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual table].
7510 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
7511 **
7512 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
7513 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
7514 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
7515 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
7516 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
7517 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
7518 ** any database connection.
7519 */
7520 struct sqlite3_module {
7521   int iVersion;
7522   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7523                int argc, const char *const*argv,
7524                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7525   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
7526                int argc, const char *const*argv,
7527                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
7528   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
7529   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7530   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7531   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
7532   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7533   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
7534                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
7535   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7536   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
7537   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
7538   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
7539   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
7540   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7541   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7542   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7543   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
7544   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
7545                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
7546                        void **ppArg);
7547   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
7548   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
7549   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
7550   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7551   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7552   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
7553   /* The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_module object.
7554   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater. */
7555   int (*xShadowName)(const char*);
7556   /* The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_module object.
7557   ** Those below are for version 4 and greater. */
7558   int (*xIntegrity)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, const char *zSchema,
7559                     const char *zTabName, int mFlags, char **pzErr);
7560 };
7561 
7562 /*
7563 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
7564 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
7565 **
7566 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
7567 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
7568 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
7569 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
7570 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
7571 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
7572 **
7573 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
7574 **
7575 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
7576 **
7577 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
7578 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
7579 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
7580 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
7581 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
7582 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
7583 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
7584 **
7585 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
7586 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
7587 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
7588 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
7589 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
7590 **
7591 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
7592 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
7593 **
7594 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
7595 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
7596 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
7597 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
7598 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
7599 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
7600 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
7601 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
7602 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
7603 ** non-zero.
7604 **
7605 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
7606 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
7607 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
7608 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
7609 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
7610 ** virtual table and might not be checked again by the byte code.)^ ^(The
7611 ** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
7612 ** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
7613 ** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is changed to true, then
7614 ** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
7615 ** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
7616 ** not be checked again using byte code.)^
7617 **
7618 ** ^The idxNum and idxStr values are recorded and passed into the
7619 ** [xFilter] method.
7620 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxStr if and only if
7621 ** needToFreeIdxStr is true.
7622 **
7623 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
7624 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
7625 ** sorting step is required.
7626 **
7627 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
7628 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
7629 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
7630 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
7631 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
7632 **
7633 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
7634 ** will be returned by the strategy.
7635 **
7636 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
7637 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. One such flag is
7638 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_HEX], which if set causes the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7639 ** output to show the idxNum as hex instead of as decimal.  Another flag is
7640 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE, which if set indicates that the query plan will
7641 ** return at most one row.
7642 **
7643 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
7644 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
7645 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
7646 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
7647 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
7648 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
7649 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
7650 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
7651 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
7652 **
7653 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
7654 ** structure for SQLite [version 3.8.2] ([dateof:3.8.2]).
7655 ** If a virtual table extension is
7656 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
7657 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
7658 ** to include crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
7659 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
7660 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
7661 ** was added for [version 3.9.0] ([dateof:3.9.0]).
7662 ** It may therefore only be used if
7663 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
7664 ** 3009000.
7665 */
7666 struct sqlite3_index_info {
7667   /* Inputs */
7668   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
7669   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
7670      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
7671      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
7672      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
7673      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
7674   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
7675   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
7676   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
7677      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
7678      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
7679   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
7680   /* Outputs */
7681   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
7682     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
7683     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
7684   } *aConstraintUsage;
7685   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
7686   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
7687   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
7688   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
7689   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
7690   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
7691   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
7692   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
7693   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
7694   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
7695   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
7696 };
7697 
7698 /*
7699 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
7700 **
7701 ** Virtual table implementations are allowed to set the
7702 ** [sqlite3_index_info].idxFlags field to some combination of
7703 ** these bits.
7704 */
7705 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE 0x00000001 /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
7706 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_HEX    0x00000002 /* Display idxNum as hex */
7707                                             /* in EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
7708 
7709 /*
7710 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
7711 **
7712 ** These macros define the allowed values for the
7713 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
7714 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the WHERE clause of
7715 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
7716 **
7717 ** ^The left-hand operand of the operator is given by the corresponding
7718 ** aConstraint[].iColumn field.  ^An iColumn of -1 indicates the left-hand
7719 ** operand is the rowid.
7720 ** The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET
7721 ** operators have no left-hand operand, and so for those operators the
7722 ** corresponding aConstraint[].iColumn is meaningless and should not be
7723 ** used.
7724 **
7725 ** All operator values from SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION through
7726 ** value 255 are reserved to represent functions that are overloaded
7727 ** by the [xFindFunction|xFindFunction method] of the virtual table
7728 ** implementation.
7729 **
7730 ** The right-hand operands for each constraint might be accessible using
7731 ** the [sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()] interface.  Usually the right-hand
7732 ** operand is only available if it appears as a single constant literal
7733 ** in the input SQL.  If the right-hand operand is another column or an
7734 ** expression (even a constant expression) or a parameter, then the
7735 ** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() probably will not be able to extract it.
7736 ** ^The SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL and
7737 ** SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL operators have no right-hand operand
7738 ** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
7739 ** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
7740 **
7741 ** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
7742 ** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
7743 ** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
7744 ** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
7745 ** interface is not commonly needed.
7746 */
7747 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
7748 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
7749 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
7750 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
7751 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
7752 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64
7753 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE       65
7754 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB       66
7755 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP     67
7756 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE         68
7757 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT      69
7758 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL  70
7759 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL     71
7760 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS         72
7761 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIMIT      73
7762 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_OFFSET     74
7763 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION  150
7764 
7765 /*
7766 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
7767 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7768 **
7769 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
7770 ** ^Module names must be registered before
7771 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
7772 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
7773 **
7774 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
7775 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
7776 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
7777 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
7778 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
7779 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
7780 ** when a new virtual table is being created or reinitialized.
7781 **
7782 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
7783 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
7784 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
7785 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
7786 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
7787 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
7788 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
7789 ** destructor.
7790 **
7791 ** ^If the third parameter (the pointer to the sqlite3_module object) is
7792 ** NULL then no new module is created and any existing modules with the
7793 ** same name are dropped.
7794 **
7795 ** See also: [sqlite3_drop_modules()]
7796 */
7797 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
7798   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7799   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7800   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7801   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7802 );
7803 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
7804   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
7805   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
7806   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
7807   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
7808   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
7809 );
7810 
7811 /*
7812 ** CAPI3REF: Remove Unnecessary Virtual Table Implementations
7813 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7814 **
7815 ** ^The sqlite3_drop_modules(D,L) interface removes all virtual
7816 ** table modules from database connection D except those named on list L.
7817 ** The L parameter must be either NULL or a pointer to an array of pointers
7818 ** to strings where the array is terminated by a single NULL pointer.
7819 ** ^If the L parameter is NULL, then all virtual table modules are removed.
7820 **
7821 ** See also: [sqlite3_create_module()]
7822 */
7823 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_drop_modules(
7824   sqlite3 *db,                /* Remove modules from this connection */
7825   const char **azKeep         /* Except, do not remove the ones named here */
7826 );
7827 
7828 /*
7829 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
7830 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
7831 **
7832 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
7833 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
7834 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
7835 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
7836 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
7837 ** common to all module implementations.
7838 **
7839 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
7840 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
7841 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
7842 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
7843 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
7844 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
7845 */
7846 struct sqlite3_vtab {
7847   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
7848   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
7849   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
7850   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7851 };
7852 
7853 /*
7854 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
7855 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
7856 **
7857 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
7858 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
7859 ** [virtual table] and are used
7860 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
7861 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
7862 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
7863 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
7864 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
7865 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
7866 **
7867 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
7868 ** are common to all implementations.
7869 */
7870 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
7871   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
7872   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
7873 };
7874 
7875 /*
7876 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
7877 **
7878 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
7879 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
7880 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
7881 ** the virtual tables they implement.
7882 */
7883 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
7884 
7885 /*
7886 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
7887 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7888 **
7889 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
7890 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
7891 ** But global versions of those functions
7892 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
7893 **
7894 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
7895 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
7896 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
7897 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
7898 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
7899 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
7900 ** by a [virtual table].
7901 */
7902 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
7903 
7904 /*
7905 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
7906 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
7907 **
7908 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
7909 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
7910 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
7911 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7912 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
7913 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
7914 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
7915 */
7916 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
7917 
7918 /*
7919 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
7920 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7921 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
7922 **
7923 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
7924 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
7925 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
7926 **
7927 ** <pre>
7928 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
7929 ** </pre>)^
7930 **
7931 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
7932 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
7933 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
7934 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
7935 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
7936 **
7937 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
7938 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
7939 ** read-only access.
7940 **
7941 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
7942 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
7943 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
7944 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
7945 ** on *ppBlob after this function returns.
7946 **
7947 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
7948 ** <ul>
7949 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
7950 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
7951 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
7952 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
7953 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
7954 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
7955 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
7956 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
7957 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
7958 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
7959 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
7960 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
7961 ** </ul>
7962 **
7963 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
7964 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
7965 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
7966 **
7967 ** A BLOB referenced by sqlite3_blob_open() may be read using the
7968 ** [sqlite3_blob_read()] interface and modified by using
7969 ** [sqlite3_blob_write()].  The [BLOB handle] can be moved to a
7970 ** different row of the same table using the [sqlite3_blob_reopen()]
7971 ** interface.  However, the column, table, or database of a [BLOB handle]
7972 ** cannot be changed after the [BLOB handle] is opened.
7973 **
7974 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
7975 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
7976 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
7977 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
7978 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
7979 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
7980 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
7981 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
7982 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
7983 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
7984 **
7985 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
7986 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
7987 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
7988 ** blob.
7989 **
7990 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
7991 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
7992 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
7993 **
7994 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
7995 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
7996 **
7997 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_close()],
7998 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()], [sqlite3_blob_read()],
7999 ** [sqlite3_blob_bytes()], [sqlite3_blob_write()].
8000 */
8001 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
8002   sqlite3*,
8003   const char *zDb,
8004   const char *zTable,
8005   const char *zColumn,
8006   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
8007   int flags,
8008   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
8009 );
8010 
8011 /*
8012 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
8013 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
8014 **
8015 ** ^This function is used to move an existing [BLOB handle] so that it points
8016 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
8017 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
8018 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
8019 ** remain the same. Moving an existing [BLOB handle] to a new row is
8020 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
8021 **
8022 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
8023 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
8024 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
8025 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
8026 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
8027 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
8028 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
8029 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
8030 ** always returns zero.
8031 **
8032 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
8033 */
8034 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
8035 
8036 /*
8037 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
8038 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
8039 **
8040 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
8041 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
8042 ** handle is still closed.)^
8043 **
8044 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
8045 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
8046 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
8047 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
8048 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
8049 **
8050 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
8051 ** open blob handle results in undefined behavior. ^Calling this routine
8052 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
8053 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
8054 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
8055 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
8056 */
8057 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
8058 
8059 /*
8060 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
8061 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
8062 **
8063 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
8064 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
8065 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwrite existing
8066 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
8067 **
8068 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
8069 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
8070 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
8071 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
8072 */
8073 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
8074 
8075 /*
8076 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
8077 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
8078 **
8079 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
8080 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
8081 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
8082 **
8083 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
8084 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
8085 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
8086 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
8087 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
8088 **
8089 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
8090 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
8091 **
8092 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
8093 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
8094 **
8095 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
8096 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
8097 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
8098 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
8099 **
8100 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
8101 */
8102 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
8103 
8104 /*
8105 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
8106 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
8107 **
8108 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
8109 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
8110 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
8111 **
8112 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
8113 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
8114 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
8115 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
8116 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
8117 **
8118 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
8119 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
8120 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
8121 **
8122 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
8123 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
8124 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
8125 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
8126 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
8127 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
8128 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
8129 **
8130 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
8131 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
8132 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
8133 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
8134 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
8135 ** or by other independent statements.
8136 **
8137 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
8138 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
8139 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
8140 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
8141 **
8142 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
8143 */
8144 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
8145 
8146 /*
8147 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
8148 **
8149 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
8150 ** that SQLite uses to interact
8151 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
8152 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
8153 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
8154 ** The following interfaces are provided.
8155 **
8156 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
8157 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
8158 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
8159 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
8160 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
8161 **
8162 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
8163 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
8164 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
8165 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
8166 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
8167 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
8168 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
8169 ** then the behavior is undefined.
8170 **
8171 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
8172 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
8173 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
8174 */
8175 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
8176 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
8177 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
8178 
8179 /*
8180 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
8181 **
8182 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
8183 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
8184 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
8185 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
8186 **
8187 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
8188 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
8189 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
8190 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
8191 **
8192 ** <ul>
8193 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
8194 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
8195 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
8196 ** </ul>
8197 **
8198 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
8199 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
8200 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
8201 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
8202 ** and Windows.
8203 **
8204 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
8205 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
8206 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
8207 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
8208 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
8209 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
8210 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
8211 **
8212 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
8213 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
8214 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
8215 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must be one of these
8216 ** integer constants:
8217 **
8218 ** <ul>
8219 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
8220 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
8221 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN
8222 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
8223 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
8224 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
8225 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
8226 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
8227 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
8228 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
8229 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
8230 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
8231 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
8232 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
8233 ** </ul>
8234 **
8235 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
8236 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
8237 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
8238 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
8239 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
8240 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
8241 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
8242 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
8243 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
8244 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
8245 **
8246 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
8247 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
8248 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
8249 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
8250 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
8251 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
8252 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
8253 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
8254 **
8255 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
8256 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
8257 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
8258 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
8259 ** the same type number.
8260 **
8261 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
8262 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
8263 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
8264 **
8265 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
8266 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
8267 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
8268 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
8269 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
8270 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
8271 ** In such cases, the
8272 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
8273 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
8274 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
8275 **
8276 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
8277 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
8278 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. In most cases the SQLite core only uses
8279 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization, so this is acceptable
8280 ** behavior. The exceptions are unix builds that set the
8281 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT build option. In that case a working
8282 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() is required.)^
8283 **
8284 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
8285 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
8286 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
8287 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
8288 **
8289 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(),
8290 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave(), or sqlite3_mutex_free() is a NULL pointer,
8291 ** then any of the four routines behaves as a no-op.
8292 **
8293 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
8294 */
8295 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
8296 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
8297 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
8298 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
8299 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
8300 
8301 /*
8302 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
8303 **
8304 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
8305 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
8306 **
8307 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
8308 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
8309 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
8310 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
8311 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
8312 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
8313 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
8314 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
8315 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
8316 **
8317 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
8318 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
8319 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
8320 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
8321 **
8322 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
8323 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
8324 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
8325 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
8326 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
8327 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
8328 **
8329 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
8330 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
8331 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
8332 **
8333 ** <ul>
8334 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
8335 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
8336 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
8337 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
8338 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
8339 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
8340 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
8341 ** </ul>)^
8342 **
8343 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
8344 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
8345 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
8346 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case. The results
8347 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
8348 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
8349 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
8350 **
8351 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
8352 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
8353 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
8354 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
8355 **
8356 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
8357 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
8358 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
8359 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
8360 **
8361 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
8362 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
8363 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
8364 ** prior to returning.
8365 */
8366 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
8367 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
8368   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
8369   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
8370   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
8371   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8372   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8373   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8374   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8375   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8376   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
8377 };
8378 
8379 /*
8380 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
8381 **
8382 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
8383 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
8384 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
8385 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
8386 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
8387 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
8388 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
8389 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
8390 **
8391 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
8392 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
8393 **
8394 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
8395 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
8396 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
8397 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
8398 **
8399 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
8400 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
8401 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
8402 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
8403 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
8404 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
8405 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
8406 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
8407 */
8408 #ifndef NDEBUG
8409 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
8410 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
8411 #endif
8412 
8413 /*
8414 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
8415 **
8416 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
8417 ** which is one of these integer constants.
8418 **
8419 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
8420 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
8421 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
8422 */
8423 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
8424 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
8425 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MAIN      2
8426 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
8427 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
8428 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
8429 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_randomness() */
8430 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
8431 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
8432 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
8433 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
8434 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
8435 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
8436 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
8437 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
8438 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
8439 
8440 /* Legacy compatibility: */
8441 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
8442 
8443 
8444 /*
8445 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
8446 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8447 **
8448 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
8449 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
8450 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
8451 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
8452 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
8453 */
8454 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
8455 
8456 /*
8457 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
8458 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8459 ** KEYWORDS: {file control}
8460 **
8461 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
8462 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
8463 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
8464 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
8465 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
8466 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
8467 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
8468 ** main database file.
8469 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
8470 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
8471 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
8472 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
8473 **
8474 ** A few opcodes for [sqlite3_file_control()] are handled directly
8475 ** by the SQLite core and never invoke the
8476 ** sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
8477 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
8478 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
8479 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  The
8480 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] works similarly except that it returns
8481 ** the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file instead of
8482 ** the main database.  The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode returns
8483 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_vfs] object for the file.
8484 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION] returns the data version counter
8485 ** from the pager.
8486 **
8487 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
8488 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
8489 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
8490 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
8491 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
8492 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
8493 ** xFileControl method.
8494 **
8495 ** See also: [file control opcodes]
8496 */
8497 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
8498 
8499 /*
8500 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
8501 **
8502 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
8503 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
8504 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
8505 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
8506 **
8507 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
8508 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
8509 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
8510 **
8511 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
8512 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
8513 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
8514 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
8515 */
8516 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
8517 
8518 /*
8519 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
8520 **
8521 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
8522 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
8523 **
8524 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
8525 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
8526 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
8527 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
8528 */
8529 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
8530 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
8531 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
8532 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7  /* NOT USED */
8533 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FK_NO_ACTION             7
8534 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
8535 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
8536 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
8537 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
8538 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
8539 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
8540 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14  /* NOT USED */
8541 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_JSON_SELFCHECK          14
8542 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
8543 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16  /* NOT USED */
8544 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_GETOPT                  16
8545 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
8546 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_INTERNAL_FUNCTIONS      17
8547 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
8548 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
8549 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
8550 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
8551 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
8552 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
8553 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
8554 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
8555 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
8556 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
8557 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESULT_INTREAL          27
8558 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SEED               28
8559 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXTRA_SCHEMA_CHECKS     29
8560 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SEEK_COUNT              30
8561 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TRACEFLAGS              31
8562 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_TUNE                    32
8563 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOGEST                  33
8564 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_USELONGDOUBLE           34  /* NOT USED */
8565 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    34  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
8566 
8567 /*
8568 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Keyword Checking
8569 **
8570 ** These routines provide access to the set of SQL language keywords
8571 ** recognized by SQLite.  Applications can use these routines to determine
8572 ** whether or not a specific identifier needs to be escaped (for example,
8573 ** by enclosing in double-quotes) so as not to confuse the parser.
8574 **
8575 ** The sqlite3_keyword_count() interface returns the number of distinct
8576 ** keywords understood by SQLite.
8577 **
8578 ** The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) interface finds the 0-based N-th keyword and
8579 ** makes *Z point to that keyword expressed as UTF8 and writes the number
8580 ** of bytes in the keyword into *L.  The string that *Z points to is not
8581 ** zero-terminated.  The sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) routine returns
8582 ** SQLITE_OK if N is within bounds and SQLITE_ERROR if not. If either Z
8583 ** or L are NULL or invalid pointers then calls to
8584 ** sqlite3_keyword_name(N,Z,L) result in undefined behavior.
8585 **
8586 ** The sqlite3_keyword_check(Z,L) interface checks to see whether or not
8587 ** the L-byte UTF8 identifier that Z points to is a keyword, returning non-zero
8588 ** if it is and zero if not.
8589 **
8590 ** The parser used by SQLite is forgiving.  It is often possible to use
8591 ** a keyword as an identifier as long as such use does not result in a
8592 ** parsing ambiguity.  For example, the statement
8593 ** "CREATE TABLE BEGIN(REPLACE,PRAGMA,END);" is accepted by SQLite, and
8594 ** creates a new table named "BEGIN" with three columns named
8595 ** "REPLACE", "PRAGMA", and "END".  Nevertheless, best practice is to avoid
8596 ** using keywords as identifiers.  Common techniques used to avoid keyword
8597 ** name collisions include:
8598 ** <ul>
8599 ** <li> Put all identifier names inside double-quotes.  This is the official
8600 **      SQL way to escape identifier names.
8601 ** <li> Put identifier names inside &#91;...&#93;.  This is not standard SQL,
8602 **      but it is what SQL Server does and so lots of programmers use this
8603 **      technique.
8604 ** <li> Begin every identifier with the letter "Z" as no SQL keywords start
8605 **      with "Z".
8606 ** <li> Include a digit somewhere in every identifier name.
8607 ** </ul>
8608 **
8609 ** Note that the number of keywords understood by SQLite can depend on
8610 ** compile-time options.  For example, "VACUUM" is not a keyword if
8611 ** SQLite is compiled with the [-DSQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM] option.  Also,
8612 ** new keywords may be added to future releases of SQLite.
8613 */
8614 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_count(void);
8615 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_name(int,const char**,int*);
8616 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_keyword_check(const char*,int);
8617 
8618 /*
8619 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamic String Object
8620 ** KEYWORDS: {dynamic string}
8621 **
8622 ** An instance of the sqlite3_str object contains a dynamically-sized
8623 ** string under construction.
8624 **
8625 ** The lifecycle of an sqlite3_str object is as follows:
8626 ** <ol>
8627 ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is created using [sqlite3_str_new()].
8628 ** <li> ^Text is appended to the sqlite3_str object using various
8629 ** methods, such as [sqlite3_str_appendf()].
8630 ** <li> ^The sqlite3_str object is destroyed and the string it created
8631 ** is returned using the [sqlite3_str_finish()] interface.
8632 ** </ol>
8633 */
8634 typedef struct sqlite3_str sqlite3_str;
8635 
8636 /*
8637 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Dynamic String Object
8638 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8639 **
8640 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface allocates and initializes
8641 ** a new [sqlite3_str] object.  To avoid memory leaks, the object returned by
8642 ** [sqlite3_str_new()] must be freed by a subsequent call to
8643 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].
8644 **
8645 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_new(D)] interface always returns a pointer to a
8646 ** valid [sqlite3_str] object, though in the event of an out-of-memory
8647 ** error the returned object might be a special singleton that will
8648 ** silently reject new text, always return SQLITE_NOMEM from
8649 ** [sqlite3_str_errcode()], always return 0 for
8650 ** [sqlite3_str_length()], and always return NULL from
8651 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)].  It is always safe to use the value
8652 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_new(D)] as the sqlite3_str parameter
8653 ** to any of the other [sqlite3_str] methods.
8654 **
8655 ** The D parameter to [sqlite3_str_new(D)] may be NULL.  If the
8656 ** D parameter in [sqlite3_str_new(D)] is not NULL, then the maximum
8657 ** length of the string contained in the [sqlite3_str] object will be
8658 ** the value set for [sqlite3_limit](D,[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) instead
8659 ** of [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
8660 */
8661 SQLITE_API sqlite3_str *sqlite3_str_new(sqlite3*);
8662 
8663 /*
8664 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Dynamic String
8665 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_str
8666 **
8667 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface destroys the sqlite3_str object X
8668 ** and returns a pointer to a memory buffer obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
8669 ** that contains the constructed string.  The calling application should
8670 ** pass the returned value to [sqlite3_free()] to avoid a memory leak.
8671 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface may return a NULL pointer if any
8672 ** errors were encountered during construction of the string.  ^The
8673 ** [sqlite3_str_finish(X)] interface will also return a NULL pointer if the
8674 ** string in [sqlite3_str] object X is zero bytes long.
8675 */
8676 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_finish(sqlite3_str*);
8677 
8678 /*
8679 ** CAPI3REF: Add Content To A Dynamic String
8680 ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8681 **
8682 ** These interfaces add content to an sqlite3_str object previously obtained
8683 ** from [sqlite3_str_new()].
8684 **
8685 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendf(X,F,...)] and
8686 ** [sqlite3_str_vappendf(X,F,V)] interfaces uses the [built-in printf]
8687 ** functionality of SQLite to append formatted text onto the end of
8688 ** [sqlite3_str] object X.
8689 **
8690 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_append(X,S,N)] method appends exactly N bytes from string S
8691 ** onto the end of the [sqlite3_str] object X.  N must be non-negative.
8692 ** S must contain at least N non-zero bytes of content.  To append a
8693 ** zero-terminated string in its entirety, use the [sqlite3_str_appendall()]
8694 ** method instead.
8695 **
8696 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendall(X,S)] method appends the complete content of
8697 ** zero-terminated string S onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8698 **
8699 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_appendchar(X,N,C)] method appends N copies of the
8700 ** single-byte character C onto the end of [sqlite3_str] object X.
8701 ** ^This method can be used, for example, to add whitespace indentation.
8702 **
8703 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_reset(X)] method resets the string under construction
8704 ** inside [sqlite3_str] object X back to zero bytes in length.
8705 **
8706 ** These methods do not return a result code.  ^If an error occurs, that fact
8707 ** is recorded in the [sqlite3_str] object and can be recovered by a
8708 ** subsequent call to [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)].
8709 */
8710 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, ...);
8711 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_vappendf(sqlite3_str*, const char *zFormat, va_list);
8712 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_append(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn, int N);
8713 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendall(sqlite3_str*, const char *zIn);
8714 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str*, int N, char C);
8715 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_reset(sqlite3_str*);
8716 
8717 /*
8718 ** CAPI3REF: Status Of A Dynamic String
8719 ** METHOD: sqlite3_str
8720 **
8721 ** These interfaces return the current status of an [sqlite3_str] object.
8722 **
8723 ** ^If any prior errors have occurred while constructing the dynamic string
8724 ** in sqlite3_str X, then the [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method will return
8725 ** an appropriate error code.  ^The [sqlite3_str_errcode(X)] method returns
8726 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] following any out-of-memory error, or
8727 ** [SQLITE_TOOBIG] if the size of the dynamic string exceeds
8728 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH], or [SQLITE_OK] if there have been no errors.
8729 **
8730 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_length(X)] method returns the current length, in bytes,
8731 ** of the dynamic string under construction in [sqlite3_str] object X.
8732 ** ^The length returned by [sqlite3_str_length(X)] does not include the
8733 ** zero-termination byte.
8734 **
8735 ** ^The [sqlite3_str_value(X)] method returns a pointer to the current
8736 ** content of the dynamic string under construction in X.  The value
8737 ** returned by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] is managed by the sqlite3_str object X
8738 ** and might be freed or altered by any subsequent method on the same
8739 ** [sqlite3_str] object.  Applications must not use the pointer returned by
8740 ** [sqlite3_str_value(X)] after any subsequent method call on the same
8741 ** object.  ^Applications may change the content of the string returned
8742 ** by [sqlite3_str_value(X)] as long as they do not write into any bytes
8743 ** outside the range of 0 to [sqlite3_str_length(X)] and do not read or
8744 ** write any byte after any subsequent sqlite3_str method call.
8745 */
8746 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_errcode(sqlite3_str*);
8747 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_str_length(sqlite3_str*);
8748 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_str_value(sqlite3_str*);
8749 
8750 /*
8751 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
8752 **
8753 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
8754 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
8755 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
8756 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
8757 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
8758 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
8759 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
8760 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
8761 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
8762 ** value.  For those parameters
8763 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
8764 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
8765 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
8766 **
8767 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
8768 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
8769 **
8770 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
8771 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
8772 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
8773 **
8774 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
8775 */
8776 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
8777 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status64(
8778   int op,
8779   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
8780   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
8781   int resetFlag
8782 );
8783 
8784 
8785 /*
8786 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
8787 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
8788 **
8789 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
8790 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
8791 **
8792 ** <dl>
8793 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
8794 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
8795 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
8796 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
8797 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
8798 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
8799 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
8800 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
8801 **
8802 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
8803 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8804 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
8805 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
8806 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8807 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8808 **
8809 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
8810 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
8811 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
8812 **
8813 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
8814 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
8815 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
8816 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
8817 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
8818 **
8819 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
8820 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
8821 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
8822 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
8823 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
8824 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
8825 ** were too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
8826 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
8827 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
8828 **
8829 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
8830 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
8831 ** handed to the [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
8832 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
8833 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
8834 **
8835 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
8836 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8837 **
8838 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
8839 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8840 **
8841 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
8842 ** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
8843 **
8844 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
8845 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
8846 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
8847 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
8848 ** </dl>
8849 **
8850 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
8851 */
8852 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
8853 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
8854 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
8855 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
8856 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
8857 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
8858 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
8859 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
8860 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
8861 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
8862 
8863 /*
8864 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
8865 ** METHOD: sqlite3
8866 **
8867 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
8868 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
8869 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
8870 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
8871 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
8872 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
8873 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
8874 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
8875 **
8876 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
8877 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
8878 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
8879 ** reset back down to the current value.
8880 **
8881 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
8882 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
8883 **
8884 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
8885 */
8886 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
8887 
8888 /*
8889 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
8890 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
8891 **
8892 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
8893 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
8894 **
8895 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
8896 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
8897 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
8898 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
8899 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
8900 **
8901 ** <dl>
8902 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
8903 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
8904 ** checked out.</dd>)^
8905 **
8906 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
8907 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that were
8908 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8909 ** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
8910 **
8911 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
8912 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
8913 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that might have
8914 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
8915 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
8916 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8917 ** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
8918 **
8919 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
8920 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
8921 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of malloc attempts that might have
8922 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
8923 ** memory already being in use.
8924 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
8925 ** the current value is always zero.</dd>)^
8926 **
8927 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
8928 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8929 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
8930 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
8931 ** </dd>
8932 **
8933 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
8934 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
8935 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
8936 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
8937 ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
8938 ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
8939 ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
8940 ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more of the pager caches are
8941 ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
8942 ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
8943 ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.</dd>
8944 **
8945 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
8946 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8947 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
8948 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
8949 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
8950 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
8951 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
8952 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
8953 ** </dd>
8954 **
8955 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
8956 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
8957 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
8958 ** the database connection.)^
8959 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
8960 ** </dd>
8961 **
8962 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
8963 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
8964 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
8965 ** is always 0.
8966 ** </dd>
8967 **
8968 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
8969 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
8970 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
8971 ** is always 0.
8972 ** </dd>
8973 **
8974 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
8975 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8976 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
8977 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
8978 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
8979 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
8980 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
8981 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
8982 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
8983 ** </dd>
8984 **
8985 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL</dt>
8986 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
8987 ** been written to disk in the middle of a transaction due to the page
8988 ** cache overflowing. Transactions are more efficient if they are written
8989 ** to disk all at once. When pages spill mid-transaction, that introduces
8990 ** additional overhead. This parameter can be used to help identify
8991 ** inefficiencies that can be resolved by increasing the cache size.
8992 ** </dd>
8993 **
8994 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
8995 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
8996 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
8997 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
8998 ** </dd>
8999 ** </dl>
9000 */
9001 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
9002 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
9003 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
9004 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
9005 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
9006 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
9007 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
9008 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
9009 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
9010 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
9011 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
9012 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
9013 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_SPILL         12
9014 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 12   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
9015 
9016 
9017 /*
9018 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
9019 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
9020 **
9021 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
9022 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
9023 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
9024 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
9025 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
9026 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
9027 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
9028 ** an index.
9029 **
9030 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
9031 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
9032 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
9033 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
9034 ** to be interrogated.)^
9035 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
9036 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
9037 ** interface call returns.
9038 **
9039 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
9040 */
9041 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
9042 
9043 /*
9044 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
9045 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
9046 **
9047 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
9048 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
9049 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
9050 **
9051 ** <dl>
9052 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
9053 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
9054 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
9055 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
9056 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
9057 **
9058 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
9059 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
9060 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
9061 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
9062 **
9063 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
9064 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
9065 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
9066 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
9067 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
9068 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
9069 **
9070 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
9071 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
9072 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
9073 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
9074 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
9075 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
9076 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
9077 **
9078 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
9079 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
9080 ** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or changes to
9081 ** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
9082 **
9083 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
9084 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
9085 ** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
9086 ** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
9087 ** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
9088 ** cycle.
9089 **
9090 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS]]
9091 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER HIT]]
9092 ** <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT<br>
9093 ** SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS</dt>
9094 ** <dd>^SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT is the number of times that a join
9095 ** step was bypassed because a Bloom filter returned not-found.  The
9096 ** corresponding SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS value is the number of
9097 ** times that the Bloom filter returned a find, and thus the join step
9098 ** had to be processed as normal.
9099 **
9100 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
9101 ** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
9102 ** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
9103 ** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
9104 ** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
9105 ** </dd>
9106 ** </dl>
9107 */
9108 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
9109 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
9110 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
9111 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
9112 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
9113 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
9114 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_MISS       7
9115 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FILTER_HIT        8
9116 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
9117 
9118 /*
9119 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
9120 **
9121 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
9122 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
9123 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
9124 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
9125 ** to the object.
9126 **
9127 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
9128 */
9129 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
9130 
9131 /*
9132 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
9133 **
9134 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
9135 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
9136 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
9137 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
9138 **
9139 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
9140 */
9141 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
9142 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
9143   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
9144   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
9145 };
9146 
9147 /*
9148 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
9149 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
9150 **
9151 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
9152 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
9153 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
9154 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
9155 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
9156 ** By implementing a
9157 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
9158 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
9159 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
9160 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
9161 ** how long.
9162 **
9163 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
9164 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
9165 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
9166 **
9167 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
9168 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
9169 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
9170 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
9171 **
9172 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
9173 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
9174 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
9175 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
9176 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
9177 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
9178 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
9179 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
9180 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
9181 ** page cache.)^
9182 **
9183 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
9184 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
9185 ** It can be used to clean up
9186 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
9187 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
9188 **
9189 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
9190 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
9191 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
9192 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
9193 ** in multithreaded applications.
9194 **
9195 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
9196 ** call to xShutdown().
9197 **
9198 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
9199 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
9200 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
9201 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
9202 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
9203 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
9204 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
9205 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
9206 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
9207 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
9208 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
9209 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
9210 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
9211 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
9212 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
9213 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
9214 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
9215 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
9216 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
9217 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
9218 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
9219 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
9220 **
9221 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
9222 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
9223 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
9224 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
9225 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
9226 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
9227 ** value; it is advisory only.
9228 **
9229 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
9230 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
9231 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
9232 **
9233 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
9234 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
9235 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
9236 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
9237 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
9238 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
9239 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
9240 ** for each entry in the page cache.
9241 **
9242 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
9243 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
9244 ** to be "pinned".
9245 **
9246 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
9247 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
9248 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
9249 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
9250 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
9251 **
9252 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
9253 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
9254 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
9255 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
9256 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
9257 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
9258 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
9259 ** </table>
9260 **
9261 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
9262 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
9263 ** failed.)^  In between the xFetch() calls, SQLite may
9264 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
9265 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
9266 **
9267 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
9268 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
9269 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
9270 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
9271 ** ^If the discard parameter is
9272 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
9273 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
9274 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
9275 **
9276 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
9277 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
9278 ** to xFetch().
9279 **
9280 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
9281 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
9282 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
9283 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
9284 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
9285 ** to be pinned.
9286 **
9287 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
9288 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
9289 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
9290 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
9291 ** they can be safely discarded.
9292 **
9293 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
9294 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
9295 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
9296 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
9297 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
9298 ** functions.
9299 **
9300 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
9301 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
9302 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
9303 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
9304 ** do their best.
9305 */
9306 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
9307 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
9308   int iVersion;
9309   void *pArg;
9310   int (*xInit)(void*);
9311   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
9312   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
9313   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
9314   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9315   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
9316   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
9317   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
9318       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
9319   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
9320   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9321   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9322 };
9323 
9324 /*
9325 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
9326 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
9327 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
9328 */
9329 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
9330 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
9331   void *pArg;
9332   int (*xInit)(void*);
9333   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
9334   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
9335   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
9336   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9337   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
9338   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
9339   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
9340   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
9341   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
9342 };
9343 
9344 
9345 /*
9346 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
9347 **
9348 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
9349 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
9350 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
9351 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
9352 **
9353 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
9354 */
9355 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
9356 
9357 /*
9358 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
9359 **
9360 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
9361 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
9362 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
9363 **
9364 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
9365 **
9366 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
9367 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
9368 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
9369 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
9370 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
9371 ** preventing other database connections from
9372 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
9373 **
9374 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
9375 **   <ol>
9376 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
9377 **         backup,
9378 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
9379 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
9380 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
9381 **         associated with the backup operation.
9382 **   </ol>)^
9383 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
9384 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
9385 **
9386 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
9387 **
9388 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
9389 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
9390 ** and the database name, respectively.
9391 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
9392 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
9393 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
9394 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
9395 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
9396 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
9397 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
9398 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
9399 ** an error.
9400 **
9401 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
9402 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
9403 ** destination database.
9404 **
9405 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
9406 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
9407 ** destination [database connection] D.
9408 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
9409 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
9410 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
9411 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
9412 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
9413 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
9414 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
9415 ** operation.
9416 **
9417 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
9418 **
9419 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
9420 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
9421 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
9422 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
9423 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
9424 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
9425 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
9426 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
9427 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
9428 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
9429 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
9430 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
9431 **
9432 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
9433 ** <ol>
9434 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
9435 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
9436 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
9437 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
9438 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
9439 ** </ol>)^
9440 **
9441 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
9442 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
9443 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
9444 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
9445 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
9446 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
9447 ** [database connection]
9448 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
9449 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
9450 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
9451 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
9452 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
9453 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
9454 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
9455 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
9456 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
9457 **
9458 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
9459 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
9460 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
9461 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
9462 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
9463 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
9464 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
9465 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
9466 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
9467 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
9468 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
9469 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
9470 ** database is modified by using the same database connection as is used
9471 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
9472 ** updated at the same time.
9473 **
9474 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
9475 **
9476 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
9477 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
9478 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
9479 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
9480 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
9481 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
9482 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
9483 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
9484 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
9485 **
9486 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
9487 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless of whether or not
9488 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
9489 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
9490 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
9491 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
9492 **
9493 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
9494 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
9495 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
9496 **
9497 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
9498 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
9499 **
9500 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
9501 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
9502 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
9503 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
9504 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
9505 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
9506 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
9507 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
9508 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9509 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
9510 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
9511 **
9512 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
9513 **
9514 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
9515 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
9516 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
9517 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
9518 ** from within other threads.
9519 **
9520 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
9521 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
9522 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
9523 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
9524 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
9525 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
9526 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
9527 ** backup is in progress might also cause a mutex deadlock.
9528 **
9529 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
9530 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
9531 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
9532 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
9533 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
9534 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
9535 **
9536 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
9537 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
9538 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
9539 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
9540 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
9541 ** possible that they return invalid values.
9542 **
9543 ** <b>Alternatives To Using The Backup API</b>
9544 **
9545 ** Other techniques for safely creating a consistent backup of an SQLite
9546 ** database include:
9547 **
9548 ** <ul>
9549 ** <li> The [VACUUM INTO] command.
9550 ** <li> The [sqlite3_rsync] utility program.
9551 ** </ul>
9552 */
9553 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
9554   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
9555   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
9556   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
9557   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
9558 );
9559 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
9560 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
9561 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
9562 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
9563 
9564 /*
9565 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
9566 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9567 **
9568 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
9569 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
9570 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
9571 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
9572 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
9573 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
9574 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
9575 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
9576 **
9577 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
9578 **
9579 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
9580 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
9581 **
9582 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
9583 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
9584 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
9585 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
9586 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
9587 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
9588 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
9589 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
9590 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
9591 ** call that concludes the blocking connection's transaction.
9592 **
9593 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
9594 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
9595 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
9596 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
9597 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
9598 **
9599 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
9600 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
9601 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
9602 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
9603 **
9604 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
9605 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
9606 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
9607 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
9608 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
9609 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
9610 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
9611 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
9612 **
9613 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
9614 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
9615 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
9616 **
9617 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
9618 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
9619 **
9620 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
9621 **
9622 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
9623 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
9624 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
9625 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
9626 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
9627 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
9628 **
9629 ** When a blocking connection's transaction is concluded, there may be
9630 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
9631 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
9632 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
9633 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
9634 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
9635 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
9636 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
9637 **
9638 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
9639 **
9640 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
9641 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
9642 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
9643 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
9644 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
9645 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
9646 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
9647 **
9648 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
9649 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
9650 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
9651 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
9652 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
9653 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
9654 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
9655 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
9656 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
9657 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
9658 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
9659 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
9660 **
9661 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
9662 **
9663 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
9664 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
9665 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
9666 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
9667 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
9668 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
9669 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
9670 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
9671 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
9672 **
9673 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
9674 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
9675 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
9676 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
9677 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
9678 */
9679 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
9680   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
9681   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
9682   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
9683 );
9684 
9685 
9686 /*
9687 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
9688 **
9689 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
9690 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
9691 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
9692 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
9693 */
9694 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
9695 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
9696 
9697 /*
9698 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
9699 *
9700 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
9701 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
9702 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
9703 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
9704 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
9705 ** is case sensitive.
9706 **
9707 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9708 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9709 **
9710 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
9711 */
9712 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
9713 
9714 /*
9715 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
9716 *
9717 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
9718 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
9719 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
9720 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
9721 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
9722 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
9723 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
9724 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
9725 ** one another.
9726 **
9727 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
9728 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
9729 **
9730 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
9731 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
9732 **
9733 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
9734 */
9735 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
9736 
9737 /*
9738 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
9739 **
9740 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
9741 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
9742 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
9743 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
9744 **
9745 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
9746 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
9747 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
9748 ** is considered bad form.
9749 **
9750 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
9751 **
9752 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
9753 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
9754 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
9755 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
9756 ** buffer.
9757 */
9758 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
9759 
9760 /*
9761 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
9762 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9763 **
9764 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
9765 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
9766 **
9767 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
9768 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
9769 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
9770 **
9771 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
9772 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
9773 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
9774 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
9775 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
9776 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
9777 ** including those that were just committed.
9778 **
9779 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
9780 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
9781 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
9782 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
9783 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
9784 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
9785 ** are undefined.
9786 **
9787 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
9788 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
9789 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^The return value is
9790 ** a copy of the third parameter from the previous call, if any, or 0.
9791 ** ^Note that the [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
9792 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
9793 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
9794 */
9795 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
9796   sqlite3*,
9797   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
9798   void*
9799 );
9800 
9801 /*
9802 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
9803 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9804 **
9805 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
9806 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
9807 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
9808 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
9809 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
9810 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
9811 ** checkpoints entirely.
9812 **
9813 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
9814 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
9815 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
9816 ** configured by this function.
9817 **
9818 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
9819 ** from SQL.
9820 **
9821 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
9822 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
9823 **
9824 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
9825 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
9826 ** pages.  The use of this interface
9827 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
9828 ** for a particular application.
9829 */
9830 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
9831 
9832 /*
9833 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9834 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9835 **
9836 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
9837 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
9838 **
9839 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
9840 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
9841 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
9842 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
9843 ** information.
9844 **
9845 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
9846 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
9847 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
9848 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
9849 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
9850 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
9851 */
9852 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
9853 
9854 /*
9855 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
9856 ** METHOD: sqlite3
9857 **
9858 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
9859 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
9860 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
9861 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
9862 **
9863 ** <dl>
9864 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
9865 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
9866 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
9867 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
9868 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
9869 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
9870 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
9871 **
9872 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
9873 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
9874 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
9875 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
9876 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
9877 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
9878 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
9879 **
9880 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
9881 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
9882 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
9883 **   [busy-handler callback])
9884 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
9885 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
9886 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
9887 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
9888 **
9889 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
9890 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
9891 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
9892 **   to a successful return.
9893 ** </dl>
9894 **
9895 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
9896 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
9897 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
9898 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
9899 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
9900 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
9901 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
9902 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
9903 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
9904 **
9905 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
9906 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
9907 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
9908 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
9909 **
9910 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
9911 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
9912 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
9913 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
9914 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
9915 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
9916 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
9917 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
9918 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
9919 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
9920 **
9921 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
9922 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
9923 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
9924 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
9925 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
9926 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
9927 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
9928 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
9929 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
9930 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
9931 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9932 **
9933 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
9934 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
9935 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
9936 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
9937 **
9938 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
9939 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
9940 ** sets the error information that is queried by
9941 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
9942 **
9943 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
9944 ** from SQL.
9945 */
9946 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
9947   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
9948   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
9949   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
9950   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
9951   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
9952 );
9953 
9954 /*
9955 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
9956 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
9957 **
9958 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
9959 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
9960 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
9961 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
9962 */
9963 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
9964 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
9965 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for readers */
9966 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
9967 
9968 /*
9969 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
9970 **
9971 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
9972 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
9973 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
9974 **
9975 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
9976 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
9977 **
9978 ** In the call sqlite3_vtab_config(D,C,...) the D parameter is the
9979 ** [database connection] in which the virtual table is being created and
9980 ** which is passed in as the first argument to the [xConnect] or [xCreate]
9981 ** method that is invoking sqlite3_vtab_config().  The C parameter is one
9982 ** of the [virtual table configuration options].  The presence and meaning
9983 ** of parameters after C depend on which [virtual table configuration option]
9984 ** is used.
9985 */
9986 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
9987 
9988 /*
9989 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
9990 ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration options}
9991 ** KEYWORDS: {virtual table configuration option}
9992 **
9993 ** These macros define the various options to the
9994 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
9995 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
9996 **
9997 ** <dl>
9998 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT]]
9999 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT</dt>
10000 ** <dd>Calls of the form
10001 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
10002 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
10003 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
10004 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
10005 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
10006 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
10007 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
10008 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
10009 **
10010 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
10011 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
10012 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
10013 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
10014 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
10015 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
10016 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
10017 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
10018 ** had been ABORT.
10019 **
10020 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
10021 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
10022 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
10023 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
10024 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
10025 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
10026 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
10027 ** constraint handling.
10028 ** </dd>
10029 **
10030 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY</dt>
10031 ** <dd>Calls of the form
10032 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY) from within the
10033 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
10034 ** prohibits that virtual table from being used from within triggers and
10035 ** views.
10036 ** </dd>
10037 **
10038 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS</dt>
10039 ** <dd>Calls of the form
10040 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS) from within the
10041 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
10042 ** identify that virtual table as being safe to use from within triggers
10043 ** and views.  Conceptually, the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS tag means that the
10044 ** virtual table can do no serious harm even if it is controlled by a
10045 ** malicious hacker.  Developers should avoid setting the SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS
10046 ** flag unless absolutely necessary.
10047 ** </dd>
10048 **
10049 ** [[SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS]]<dt>SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS</dt>
10050 ** <dd>Calls of the form
10051 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMA) from within the
10052 ** the [xConnect] or [xCreate] methods of a [virtual table] implementation
10053 ** instruct the query planner to begin at least a read transaction on
10054 ** all schemas ("main", "temp", and any ATTACH-ed databases) whenever the
10055 ** virtual table is used.
10056 ** </dd>
10057 ** </dl>
10058 */
10059 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
10060 #define SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS          2
10061 #define SQLITE_VTAB_DIRECTONLY         3
10062 #define SQLITE_VTAB_USES_ALL_SCHEMAS   4
10063 
10064 /*
10065 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
10066 **
10067 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
10068 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
10069 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
10070 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
10071 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
10072 ** [virtual table].
10073 */
10074 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
10075 
10076 /*
10077 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
10078 **
10079 ** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
10080 ** method of a [virtual table], then it might return true if the
10081 ** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
10082 ** column value will not change.  The virtual table implementation can use
10083 ** this hint as permission to substitute a return value that is less
10084 ** expensive to compute and that the corresponding
10085 ** [xUpdate] method understands as a "no-change" value.
10086 **
10087 ** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
10088 ** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, then the xColumn
10089 ** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
10090 ** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
10091 ** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
10092 ** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
10093 **
10094 ** The sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine is an optimization.  Virtual table
10095 ** implementations should continue to give a correct answer even if the
10096 ** sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface were to always return false.  In the
10097 ** current implementation, the sqlite3_vtab_nochange() interface does always
10098 ** returns false for the enhanced [UPDATE FROM] statement.
10099 */
10100 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
10101 
10102 /*
10103 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
10104 ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10105 **
10106 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
10107 ** method of a [virtual table].  This function returns a pointer to a string
10108 ** that is the name of the appropriate collation sequence to use for text
10109 ** comparisons on the constraint identified by its arguments.
10110 **
10111 ** The first argument must be the pointer to the [sqlite3_index_info] object
10112 ** that is the first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument
10113 ** must be an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the
10114 ** sqlite3_index_info structure passed to xBestIndex.
10115 **
10116 ** Important:
10117 ** The first parameter must be the same pointer that is passed into the
10118 ** xBestMethod() method.  The first parameter may not be a pointer to a
10119 ** different [sqlite3_index_info] object, even an exact copy.
10120 **
10121 ** The return value is computed as follows:
10122 **
10123 ** <ol>
10124 ** <li><p> If the constraint comes from a WHERE clause expression that contains
10125 **         a [COLLATE operator], then the name of the collation specified by
10126 **         that COLLATE operator is returned.
10127 ** <li><p> If there is no COLLATE operator, but the column that is the subject
10128 **         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
10129 **         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
10130 **         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
10131 **         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
10132 ** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
10133 ** </ol>
10134 */
10135 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
10136 
10137 /*
10138 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
10139 ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10140 **
10141 ** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
10142 ** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this
10143 ** interface from outside of xBestIndex() is undefined and probably harmful.
10144 **
10145 ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns an integer between 0 and
10146 ** 3.  The integer returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct()
10147 ** gives the virtual table additional information about how the query
10148 ** planner wants the output to be ordered. As long as the virtual table
10149 ** can meet the ordering requirements of the query planner, it may set
10150 ** the "orderByConsumed" flag.
10151 **
10152 ** <ol><li value="0"><p>
10153 ** ^If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 0, that means
10154 ** that the query planner needs the virtual table to return all rows in the
10155 ** sort order defined by the "nOrderBy" and "aOrderBy" fields of the
10156 ** [sqlite3_index_info] object.  This is the default expectation.  If the
10157 ** virtual table outputs all rows in sorted order, then it is always safe for
10158 ** the xBestIndex method to set the "orderByConsumed" flag, regardless of
10159 ** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_distinct().
10160 ** <li value="1"><p>
10161 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 1, that means
10162 ** that the query planner does not need the rows to be returned in sorted order
10163 ** as long as all rows with the same values in all columns identified by the
10164 ** "aOrderBy" field are adjacent.)^  This mode is used when the query planner
10165 ** is doing a GROUP BY.
10166 ** <li value="2"><p>
10167 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 2, that means
10168 ** that the query planner does not need the rows returned in any particular
10169 ** order, as long as rows with the same values in all columns identified
10170 ** by "aOrderBy" are adjacent.)^  ^(Furthermore, when two or more rows
10171 ** contain the same values for all columns identified by "colUsed", all but
10172 ** one such row may optionally be omitted from the result.)^
10173 ** The virtual table is not required to omit rows that are duplicates
10174 ** over the "colUsed" columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
10175 ** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
10176 ** This mode is used for a DISTINCT query.
10177 ** <li value="3"><p>
10178 ** ^(If the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface returns 3, that means the
10179 ** virtual table must return rows in the order defined by "aOrderBy" as
10180 ** if the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface had returned 0.  However if
10181 ** two or more rows in the result have the same values for all columns
10182 ** identified by "colUsed", then all but one such row may optionally be
10183 ** omitted.)^  Like when the return value is 2, the virtual table
10184 ** is not required to omit rows that are duplicates over the "colUsed"
10185 ** columns, but if the virtual table can do that without
10186 ** too much extra effort, it could potentially help the query to run faster.
10187 ** This mode is used for queries
10188 ** that have both DISTINCT and ORDER BY clauses.
10189 ** </ol>
10190 **
10191 ** <p>The following table summarizes the conditions under which the
10192 ** virtual table is allowed to set the "orderByConsumed" flag based on
10193 ** the value returned by sqlite3_vtab_distinct().  This table is a
10194 ** restatement of the previous four paragraphs:
10195 **
10196 ** <table border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=10 width="90%">
10197 ** <tr>
10198 ** <td valign="top">sqlite3_vtab_distinct() return value
10199 ** <td valign="top">Rows are returned in aOrderBy order
10200 ** <td valign="top">Rows with the same value in all aOrderBy columns are adjacent
10201 ** <td valign="top">Duplicates over all colUsed columns may be omitted
10202 ** <tr><td>0<td>yes<td>yes<td>no
10203 ** <tr><td>1<td>no<td>yes<td>no
10204 ** <tr><td>2<td>no<td>yes<td>yes
10205 ** <tr><td>3<td>yes<td>yes<td>yes
10206 ** </table>
10207 **
10208 ** ^For the purposes of comparing virtual table output values to see if the
10209 ** values are same value for sorting purposes, two NULL values are considered
10210 ** to be the same.  In other words, the comparison operator is "IS"
10211 ** (or "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM") and not "==".
10212 **
10213 ** If a virtual table implementation is unable to meet the requirements
10214 ** specified above, then it must not set the "orderByConsumed" flag in the
10215 ** [sqlite3_index_info] object or an incorrect answer may result.
10216 **
10217 ** ^A virtual table implementation is always free to return rows in any order
10218 ** it wants, as long as the "orderByConsumed" flag is not set.  ^When the
10219 ** the "orderByConsumed" flag is unset, the query planner will add extra
10220 ** [bytecode] to ensure that the final results returned by the SQL query are
10221 ** ordered correctly.  The use of the "orderByConsumed" flag and the
10222 ** sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface is merely an optimization.  ^Careful
10223 ** use of the sqlite3_vtab_distinct() interface and the "orderByConsumed"
10224 ** flag might help queries against a virtual table to run faster.  Being
10225 ** overly aggressive and setting the "orderByConsumed" flag when it is not
10226 ** valid to do so, on the other hand, might cause SQLite to return incorrect
10227 ** results.
10228 */
10229 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_distinct(sqlite3_index_info*);
10230 
10231 /*
10232 ** CAPI3REF: Identify and handle IN constraints in xBestIndex
10233 **
10234 ** This interface may only be used from within an
10235 ** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
10236 ** The result of invoking this interface from any other context is
10237 ** undefined and probably harmful.
10238 **
10239 ** ^(A constraint on a virtual table of the form
10240 ** "[IN operator|column IN (...)]" is
10241 ** communicated to the xBestIndex method as a
10242 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ] constraint.)^  If xBestIndex wants to use
10243 ** this constraint, it must set the corresponding
10244 ** aConstraintUsage[].argvIndex to a positive integer.  ^(Then, under
10245 ** the usual mode of handling IN operators, SQLite generates [bytecode]
10246 ** that invokes the [xFilter|xFilter() method] once for each value
10247 ** on the right-hand side of the IN operator.)^  Thus the virtual table
10248 ** only sees a single value from the right-hand side of the IN operator
10249 ** at a time.
10250 **
10251 ** In some cases, however, it would be advantageous for the virtual
10252 ** table to see all values on the right-hand of the IN operator all at
10253 ** once.  The sqlite3_vtab_in() interfaces facilitates this in two ways:
10254 **
10255 ** <ol>
10256 ** <li><p>
10257 **   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,-1) will return true (non-zero)
10258 **   if and only if the [sqlite3_index_info|P->aConstraint][N] constraint
10259 **   is an [IN operator] that can be processed all at once.  ^In other words,
10260 **   sqlite3_vtab_in() with -1 in the third argument is a mechanism
10261 **   by which the virtual table can ask SQLite if all-at-once processing
10262 **   of the IN operator is even possible.
10263 **
10264 ** <li><p>
10265 **   ^A call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) with F==1 or F==0 indicates
10266 **   to SQLite that the virtual table does or does not want to process
10267 **   the IN operator all-at-once, respectively.  ^Thus when the third
10268 **   parameter (F) is non-negative, this interface is the mechanism by
10269 **   which the virtual table tells SQLite how it wants to process the
10270 **   IN operator.
10271 ** </ol>
10272 **
10273 ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) interface can be invoked multiple times
10274 ** within the same xBestIndex method call.  ^For any given P,N pair,
10275 ** the return value from sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) will always be the same
10276 ** within the same xBestIndex call.  ^If the interface returns true
10277 ** (non-zero), that means that the constraint is an IN operator
10278 ** that can be processed all-at-once.  ^If the constraint is not an IN
10279 ** operator or cannot be processed all-at-once, then the interface returns
10280 ** false.
10281 **
10282 ** ^(All-at-once processing of the IN operator is selected if both of the
10283 ** following conditions are met:
10284 **
10285 ** <ol>
10286 ** <li><p> The P->aConstraintUsage[N].argvIndex value is set to a positive
10287 ** integer.  This is how the virtual table tells SQLite that it wants to
10288 ** use the N-th constraint.
10289 **
10290 ** <li><p> The last call to sqlite3_vtab_in(P,N,F) for which F was
10291 ** non-negative had F>=1.
10292 ** </ol>)^
10293 **
10294 ** ^If either or both of the conditions above are false, then SQLite uses
10295 ** the traditional one-at-a-time processing strategy for the IN constraint.
10296 ** ^If both conditions are true, then the argvIndex-th parameter to the
10297 ** xFilter method will be an [sqlite3_value] that appears to be NULL,
10298 ** but which can be passed to [sqlite3_vtab_in_first()] and
10299 ** [sqlite3_vtab_in_next()] to find all values on the right-hand side
10300 ** of the IN constraint.
10301 */
10302 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in(sqlite3_index_info*, int iCons, int bHandle);
10303 
10304 /*
10305 ** CAPI3REF: Find all elements on the right-hand side of an IN constraint.
10306 **
10307 ** These interfaces are only useful from within the
10308 ** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
10309 ** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
10310 ** is undefined and probably harmful.
10311 **
10312 ** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
10313 ** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) should be one of the parameters to the
10314 ** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
10315 ** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
10316 ** processing use the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
10317 ** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
10318 ** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
10319 ** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_ERROR].)^
10320 **
10321 ** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
10322 ** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
10323 **
10324 ** <blockquote><pre>
10325 ** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
10326 ** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal;
10327 ** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
10328 ** &nbsp;  ){
10329 ** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
10330 ** &nbsp;  }
10331 ** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
10332 ** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
10333 ** &nbsp;  }
10334 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
10335 **
10336 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) and sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P)
10337 ** routines return SQLITE_OK and set *P to point to the first or next value
10338 ** on the RHS of the IN constraint.  ^If there are no more values on the
10339 ** right hand side of the IN constraint, then *P is set to NULL and these
10340 ** routines return [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The return value might be
10341 ** some other value, such as SQLITE_NOMEM, in the event of a malfunction.
10342 **
10343 ** The *ppOut values returned by these routines are only valid until the
10344 ** next call to either of these routines or until the end of the xFilter
10345 ** method from which these routines were called.  If the virtual table
10346 ** implementation needs to retain the *ppOut values for longer, it must make
10347 ** copies.  The *ppOut values are [protected sqlite3_value|protected].
10348 */
10349 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_first(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
10350 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_in_next(sqlite3_value *pVal, sqlite3_value **ppOut);
10351 
10352 /*
10353 ** CAPI3REF: Constraint values in xBestIndex()
10354 ** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
10355 **
10356 ** This API may only be used from within the [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
10357 ** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this interface
10358 ** from outside of an xBestIndex method are undefined and probably harmful.
10359 **
10360 ** ^When the sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface is invoked from within
10361 ** the [xBestIndex] method of a [virtual table] implementation, with P being
10362 ** a copy of the [sqlite3_index_info] object pointer passed into xBestIndex and
10363 ** J being a 0-based index into P->aConstraint[], then this routine
10364 ** attempts to set *V to the value of the right-hand operand of
10365 ** that constraint if the right-hand operand is known.  ^If the
10366 ** right-hand operand is not known, then *V is set to a NULL pointer.
10367 ** ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V) interface returns SQLITE_OK if
10368 ** and only if *V is set to a value.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(P,J,V)
10369 ** inteface returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND if the right-hand side of the J-th
10370 ** constraint is not available.  ^The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface
10371 ** can return an result code other than SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if
10372 ** something goes wrong.
10373 **
10374 ** The sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() interface is usually only successful if
10375 ** the right-hand operand of a constraint is a literal value in the original
10376 ** SQL statement.  If the right-hand operand is an expression or a reference
10377 ** to some other column or a [host parameter], then sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value()
10378 ** will probably return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND].
10379 **
10380 ** ^(Some constraints, such as [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL] and
10381 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL], have no right-hand operand.  For such
10382 ** constraints, sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() always returns SQLITE_NOTFOUND.)^
10383 **
10384 ** ^The [sqlite3_value] object returned in *V is a protected sqlite3_value
10385 ** and remains valid for the duration of the xBestIndex method call.
10386 ** ^When xBestIndex returns, the sqlite3_value object returned by
10387 ** sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() is automatically deallocated.
10388 **
10389 ** The "_rhs_" in the name of this routine is an abbreviation for
10390 ** "Right-Hand Side".
10391 */
10392 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value(sqlite3_index_info*, int, sqlite3_value **ppVal);
10393 
10394 /*
10395 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
10396 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
10397 **
10398 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
10399 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
10400 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
10401 **
10402 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
10403 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
10404 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
10405 */
10406 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
10407 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
10408 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
10409 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
10410 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
10411 
10412 /*
10413 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
10414 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
10415 **
10416 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
10417 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
10418 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
10419 **
10420 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
10421 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
10422 ** S is finalized.
10423 **
10424 ** Not all values are available for all query elements. When a value is
10425 ** not available, the output variable is set to -1 if the value is numeric,
10426 ** or to NULL if it is a string (SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME).
10427 **
10428 ** <dl>
10429 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
10430 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
10431 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
10432 **
10433 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
10434 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10435 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
10436 **
10437 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
10438 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10439 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
10440 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
10441 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
10442 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
10443 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
10444 **
10445 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
10446 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10447 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
10448 ** used for the X-th loop.
10449 **
10450 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
10451 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
10452 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
10453 ** description for the X-th loop.
10454 **
10455 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID</dt>
10456 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10457 ** id for the X-th query plan element. The id value is unique within the
10458 ** statement. The select-id is the same value as is output in the first
10459 ** column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
10460 **
10461 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID</dt>
10462 ** <dd>The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
10463 ** the id of the parent of the current query element, if applicable, or
10464 ** to zero if the query element has no parent. This is the same value as
10465 ** returned in the second column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
10466 **
10467 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE</dt>
10468 ** <dd>The sqlite3_int64 output value is set to the number of cycles,
10469 ** according to the processor time-stamp counter, that elapsed while the
10470 ** query element was being processed. This value is not available for
10471 ** all query elements - if it is unavailable the output variable is
10472 ** set to -1.
10473 ** </dl>
10474 */
10475 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
10476 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
10477 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
10478 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
10479 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
10480 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
10481 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID 6
10482 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE   7
10483 
10484 /*
10485 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
10486 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
10487 **
10488 ** These interfaces return information about the predicted and measured
10489 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
10490 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
10491 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
10492 **
10493 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
10494 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
10495 ** compile-time option.
10496 **
10497 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
10498 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
10499 ** of this interface is undefined. ^The requested measurement is written into
10500 ** a variable pointed to by the "pOut" parameter.
10501 **
10502 ** The "flags" parameter must be passed a mask of flags. At present only
10503 ** one flag is defined - SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX. If SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX
10504 ** is specified, then status information is available for all elements
10505 ** of a query plan that are reported by "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN" output. If
10506 ** SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX is not specified, then only query plan elements
10507 ** that correspond to query loops (the "SCAN..." and "SEARCH..." elements of
10508 ** the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output) are available. Invoking API
10509 ** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() is equivalent to calling
10510 ** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2() with a zeroed flags parameter.
10511 **
10512 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific query element to retrieve statistics
10513 ** for. Query elements are numbered starting from zero. A value of -1 may be
10514 ** to query for statistics regarding the entire query. ^If idx is out of range
10515 ** - less than -1 or greater than or equal to the total number of query
10516 ** elements used to implement the statement - a non-zero value is returned and
10517 ** the variable that pOut points to is unchanged.
10518 **
10519 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
10520 */
10521 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
10522   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
10523   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
10524   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
10525   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
10526 );
10527 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
10528   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
10529   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
10530   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
10531   int flags,                /* Mask of flags defined below */
10532   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
10533 );
10534 
10535 /*
10536 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
10537 ** KEYWORDS: {scan status flags}
10538 */
10539 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX 0x0001
10540 
10541 /*
10542 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
10543 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
10544 **
10545 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
10546 **
10547 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
10548 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
10549 */
10550 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
10551 
10552 /*
10553 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
10554 ** METHOD: sqlite3
10555 **
10556 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
10557 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface is invoked, any dirty
10558 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
10559 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
10560 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
10561 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
10562 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
10563 ** any [attached] databases.
10564 **
10565 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
10566 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
10567 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
10568 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
10569 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
10570 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
10571 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
10572 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
10573 **
10574 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
10575 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
10576 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
10577 **
10578 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
10579 **
10580 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
10581 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
10582 */
10583 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
10584 
10585 /*
10586 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
10587 ** METHOD: sqlite3
10588 **
10589 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
10590 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
10591 **
10592 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
10593 ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
10594 ** on a database table.
10595 ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
10596 ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
10597 ** the previous setting.
10598 ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
10599 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
10600 ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
10601 ** the first parameter to callbacks.
10602 **
10603 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to real database tables; the
10604 ** preupdate hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or to
10605 ** system tables like sqlite_sequence or sqlite_stat1.
10606 **
10607 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
10608 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
10609 ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
10610 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
10611 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
10612 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10613 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
10614 ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
10615 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
10616 ** databases.)^
10617 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
10618 ** table that is being modified.
10619 **
10620 ** For an UPDATE or DELETE operation on a [rowid table], the sixth
10621 ** parameter passed to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
10622 ** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
10623 ** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
10624 ** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
10625 ** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
10626 ** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
10627 ** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
10628 ** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
10629 **
10630 ** ^The sqlite3_preupdate_hook(D,C,P) function returns the P argument from
10631 ** the previous call on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
10632 ** the first call on D.
10633 **
10634 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
10635 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
10636 ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
10637 ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
10638 ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
10639 ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
10640 ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
10641 ** behavior.
10642 **
10643 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
10644 ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
10645 **
10646 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10647 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10648 ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10649 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10650 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
10651 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
10652 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10653 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10654 **
10655 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
10656 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
10657 ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
10658 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
10659 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
10660 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
10661 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
10662 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
10663 **
10664 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
10665 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
10666 ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
10667 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
10668 ** triggers; and so forth.
10669 **
10670 ** When the [sqlite3_blob_write()] API is used to update a blob column,
10671 ** the pre-update hook is invoked with SQLITE_DELETE. This is because the
10672 ** in this case the new values are not available. In this case, when a
10673 ** callback made with op==SQLITE_DELETE is actually a write using the
10674 ** sqlite3_blob_write() API, the [sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite()] returns
10675 ** the index of the column being written. In other cases, where the
10676 ** pre-update hook is being invoked for some other reason, including a
10677 ** regular DELETE, sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite() returns -1.
10678 **
10679 ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
10680 */
10681 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
10682 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
10683   sqlite3 *db,
10684   void(*xPreUpdate)(
10685     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
10686     sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
10687     int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
10688     char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
10689     char const *zName,            /* Table name */
10690     sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
10691     sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
10692   ),
10693   void*
10694 );
10695 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10696 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
10697 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
10698 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
10699 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_blobwrite(sqlite3 *);
10700 #endif
10701 
10702 /*
10703 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
10704 ** METHOD: sqlite3
10705 **
10706 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
10707 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
10708 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
10709 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
10710 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
10711 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
10712 */
10713 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
10714 
10715 /*
10716 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
10717 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot} {sqlite3_snapshot}
10718 **
10719 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
10720 ** database for some specific point in history.
10721 **
10722 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
10723 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
10724 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
10725 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
10726 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
10727 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
10728 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
10729 **
10730 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
10731 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
10732 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
10733 ** the most recent version.
10734 */
10735 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot {
10736   unsigned char hidden[48];
10737 } sqlite3_snapshot;
10738 
10739 /*
10740 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
10741 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10742 **
10743 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
10744 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
10745 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
10746 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
10747 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
10748 ** If there is not already a read-transaction open on schema S when
10749 ** this function is called, one is opened automatically.
10750 **
10751 ** If a read-transaction is opened by this function, then it is guaranteed
10752 ** that the returned snapshot object may not be invalidated by a database
10753 ** writer or checkpointer until after the read-transaction is closed. This
10754 ** is not guaranteed if a read-transaction is already open when this
10755 ** function is called. In that case, any subsequent write or checkpoint
10756 ** operation on the database may invalidate the returned snapshot handle,
10757 ** even while the read-transaction remains open.
10758 **
10759 ** The following must be true for this function to succeed. If any of
10760 ** the following statements are false when sqlite3_snapshot_get() is
10761 ** called, SQLITE_ERROR is returned. The final value of *P is undefined
10762 ** in this case.
10763 **
10764 ** <ul>
10765 **   <li> The database handle must not be in [autocommit mode].
10766 **
10767 **   <li> Schema S of [database connection] D must be a [WAL mode] database.
10768 **
10769 **   <li> There must not be a write transaction open on schema S of database
10770 **        connection D.
10771 **
10772 **   <li> One or more transactions must have been written to the current wal
10773 **        file since it was created on disk (by any connection). This means
10774 **        that a snapshot cannot be taken on a wal mode database with no wal
10775 **        file immediately after it is first opened. At least one transaction
10776 **        must be written to it first.
10777 ** </ul>
10778 **
10779 ** This function may also return SQLITE_NOMEM.  If it is called with the
10780 ** database handle in autocommit mode but fails for some other reason,
10781 ** whether or not a read transaction is opened on schema S is undefined.
10782 **
10783 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
10784 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
10785 ** to avoid a memory leak.
10786 **
10787 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
10788 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10789 */
10790 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_get(
10791   sqlite3 *db,
10792   const char *zSchema,
10793   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
10794 );
10795 
10796 /*
10797 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
10798 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10799 **
10800 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface either starts a new read
10801 ** transaction or upgrades an existing one for schema S of
10802 ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction refers to
10803 ** historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most recent change to the
10804 ** database. ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK
10805 ** on success or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
10806 **
10807 ** ^In order to succeed, the database connection must not be in
10808 ** [autocommit mode] when [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] is called. If there
10809 ** is already a read transaction open on schema S, then the database handle
10810 ** must have no active statements (SELECT statements that have been passed
10811 ** to sqlite3_step() but not sqlite3_reset() or sqlite3_finalize()).
10812 ** SQLITE_ERROR is returned if either of these conditions is violated, or
10813 ** if schema S does not exist, or if the snapshot object is invalid.
10814 **
10815 ** ^A call to sqlite3_snapshot_open() will fail to open if the specified
10816 ** snapshot has been overwritten by a [checkpoint]. In this case
10817 ** SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT is returned.
10818 **
10819 ** If there is already a read transaction open when this function is
10820 ** invoked, then the same read transaction remains open (on the same
10821 ** database snapshot) if SQLITE_ERROR, SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_ERROR_SNAPSHOT
10822 ** is returned. If another error code - for example SQLITE_PROTOCOL or an
10823 ** SQLITE_IOERR error code - is returned, then the final state of the
10824 ** read transaction is undefined. If SQLITE_OK is returned, then the
10825 ** read transaction is now open on database snapshot P.
10826 **
10827 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
10828 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
10829 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
10830 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
10831 ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
10832 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
10833 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
10834 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
10835 **
10836 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
10837 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10838 */
10839 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_open(
10840   sqlite3 *db,
10841   const char *zSchema,
10842   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
10843 );
10844 
10845 /*
10846 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
10847 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_snapshot
10848 **
10849 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
10850 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
10851 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
10852 **
10853 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
10854 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] compile-time option is used.
10855 */
10856 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
10857 
10858 /*
10859 ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
10860 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10861 **
10862 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
10863 ** of two valid snapshot handles.
10864 **
10865 ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
10866 ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
10867 **
10868 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
10869 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
10870 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
10871 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
10872 ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
10873 ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
10874 ** is undefined.
10875 **
10876 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
10877 ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
10878 ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
10879 **
10880 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10881 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10882 */
10883 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
10884   sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
10885   sqlite3_snapshot *p2
10886 );
10887 
10888 /*
10889 ** CAPI3REF: Recover snapshots from a wal file
10890 ** METHOD: sqlite3_snapshot
10891 **
10892 ** If a [WAL file] remains on disk after all database connections close
10893 ** (either through the use of the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] [file control]
10894 ** or because the last process to have the database opened exited without
10895 ** calling [sqlite3_close()]) and a new connection is subsequently opened
10896 ** on that database and [WAL file], the [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface
10897 ** will only be able to open the last transaction added to the WAL file
10898 ** even though the WAL file contains other valid transactions.
10899 **
10900 ** This function attempts to scan the WAL file associated with database zDb
10901 ** of database handle db and make all valid snapshots available to
10902 ** sqlite3_snapshot_open(). It is an error if there is already a read
10903 ** transaction open on the database, or if the database is not a WAL mode
10904 ** database.
10905 **
10906 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
10907 **
10908 ** This interface is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
10909 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT] option.
10910 */
10911 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_snapshot_recover(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
10912 
10913 /*
10914 ** CAPI3REF: Serialize a database
10915 **
10916 ** The sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) interface returns a pointer to
10917 ** memory that is a serialization of the S database on
10918 ** [database connection] D.  If S is a NULL pointer, the main database is used.
10919 ** If P is not a NULL pointer, then the size of the database in bytes
10920 ** is written into *P.
10921 **
10922 ** For an ordinary on-disk database file, the serialization is just a
10923 ** copy of the disk file.  For an in-memory database or a "TEMP" database,
10924 ** the serialization is the same sequence of bytes which would be written
10925 ** to disk if that database where backed up to disk.
10926 **
10927 ** The usual case is that sqlite3_serialize() copies the serialization of
10928 ** the database into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and returns
10929 ** a pointer to that memory.  The caller is responsible for freeing the
10930 ** returned value to avoid a memory leak.  However, if the F argument
10931 ** contains the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit, then no memory allocations
10932 ** are made, and the sqlite3_serialize() function will return a pointer
10933 ** to the contiguous memory representation of the database that SQLite
10934 ** is currently using for that database, or NULL if the no such contiguous
10935 ** memory representation of the database exists.  A contiguous memory
10936 ** representation of the database will usually only exist if there has
10937 ** been a prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,...)] with the same
10938 ** values of D and S.
10939 ** The size of the database is written into *P even if the
10940 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is set but no contiguous copy
10941 ** of the database exists.
10942 **
10943 ** After the call, if the SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit had been set,
10944 ** the returned buffer content will remain accessible and unchanged
10945 ** until either the next write operation on the connection or when
10946 ** the connection is closed, and applications must not modify the
10947 ** buffer. If the bit had been clear, the returned buffer will not
10948 ** be accessed by SQLite after the call.
10949 **
10950 ** A call to sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F) might return NULL even if the
10951 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY bit is omitted from argument F if a memory
10952 ** allocation error occurs.
10953 **
10954 ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
10955 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
10956 */
10957 SQLITE_API unsigned char *sqlite3_serialize(
10958   sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
10959   const char *zSchema,   /* Which DB to serialize. ex: "main", "temp", ... */
10960   sqlite3_int64 *piSize, /* Write size of the DB here, if not NULL */
10961   unsigned int mFlags    /* Zero or more SQLITE_SERIALIZE_* flags */
10962 );
10963 
10964 /*
10965 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_serialize
10966 **
10967 ** Zero or more of the following constants can be OR-ed together for
10968 ** the F argument to [sqlite3_serialize(D,S,P,F)].
10969 **
10970 ** SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY means that [sqlite3_serialize()] will return
10971 ** a pointer to contiguous in-memory database that it is currently using,
10972 ** without making a copy of the database.  If SQLite is not currently using
10973 ** a contiguous in-memory database, then this option causes
10974 ** [sqlite3_serialize()] to return a NULL pointer.  SQLite will only be
10975 ** using a contiguous in-memory database if it has been initialized by a
10976 ** prior call to [sqlite3_deserialize()].
10977 */
10978 #define SQLITE_SERIALIZE_NOCOPY 0x001   /* Do no memory allocations */
10979 
10980 /*
10981 ** CAPI3REF: Deserialize a database
10982 **
10983 ** The sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) interface causes the
10984 ** [database connection] D to disconnect from database S and then
10985 ** reopen S as an in-memory database based on the serialization contained
10986 ** in P.  The serialized database P is N bytes in size.  M is the size of
10987 ** the buffer P, which might be larger than N.  If M is larger than N, and
10988 ** the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY bit is not set in F, then SQLite is
10989 ** permitted to add content to the in-memory database as long as the total
10990 ** size does not exceed M bytes.
10991 **
10992 ** If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in F, then SQLite will
10993 ** invoke sqlite3_free() on the serialization buffer when the database
10994 ** connection closes.  If the SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE bit is set, then
10995 ** SQLite will try to increase the buffer size using sqlite3_realloc64()
10996 ** if writes on the database cause it to grow larger than M bytes.
10997 **
10998 ** Applications must not modify the buffer P or invalidate it before
10999 ** the database connection D is closed.
11000 **
11001 ** The sqlite3_deserialize() interface will fail with SQLITE_BUSY if the
11002 ** database is currently in a read transaction or is involved in a backup
11003 ** operation.
11004 **
11005 ** It is not possible to deserialized into the TEMP database.  If the
11006 ** S argument to sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) is "temp" then the
11007 ** function returns SQLITE_ERROR.
11008 **
11009 ** The deserialized database should not be in [WAL mode].  If the database
11010 ** is in WAL mode, then any attempt to use the database file will result
11011 ** in an [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] error.  The application can set the
11012 ** [file format version numbers] (bytes 18 and 19) of the input database P
11013 ** to 0x01 prior to invoking sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) to force the
11014 ** database file into rollback mode and work around this limitation.
11015 **
11016 ** If sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F) fails for any reason and if the
11017 ** SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE bit is set in argument F, then
11018 ** [sqlite3_free()] is invoked on argument P prior to returning.
11019 **
11020 ** This interface is omitted if SQLite is compiled with the
11021 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE] option.
11022 */
11023 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_deserialize(
11024   sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection */
11025   const char *zSchema,    /* Which DB to reopen with the deserialization */
11026   unsigned char *pData,   /* The serialized database content */
11027   sqlite3_int64 szDb,     /* Number bytes in the deserialization */
11028   sqlite3_int64 szBuf,    /* Total size of buffer pData[] */
11029   unsigned mFlags         /* Zero or more SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_* flags */
11030 );
11031 
11032 /*
11033 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3_deserialize()
11034 **
11035 ** The following are allowed values for 6th argument (the F argument) to
11036 ** the [sqlite3_deserialize(D,S,P,N,M,F)] interface.
11037 **
11038 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE means that the database serialization
11039 ** in the P argument is held in memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()]
11040 ** and that SQLite should take ownership of this memory and automatically
11041 ** free it when it has finished using it.  Without this flag, the caller
11042 ** is responsible for freeing any dynamically allocated memory.
11043 **
11044 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE flag means that SQLite is allowed to
11045 ** grow the size of the database using calls to [sqlite3_realloc64()].  This
11046 ** flag should only be used if SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE is also used.
11047 ** Without this flag, the deserialized database cannot increase in size beyond
11048 ** the number of bytes specified by the M parameter.
11049 **
11050 ** The SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY flag means that the deserialized database
11051 ** should be treated as read-only.
11052 */
11053 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE 1 /* Call sqlite3_free() on close */
11054 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_RESIZEABLE  2 /* Resize using sqlite3_realloc64() */
11055 #define SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY    4 /* Database is read-only */
11056 
11057 /*
11058 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
11059 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
11060 */
11061 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
11062 # undef double
11063 #endif
11064 
11065 #if defined(__wasi__)
11066 # undef SQLITE_WASI
11067 # define SQLITE_WASI 1
11068 # ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
11069 #  define SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
11070 # endif
11071 # ifndef SQLITE_THREADSAFE
11072 #  define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
11073 # endif
11074 #endif
11075 
11076 #ifdef __cplusplus
11077 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
11078 #endif
11079 /* #endif for SQLITE3_H will be added by mksqlite3.tcl */
11080 
11081 /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
11082 /*
11083 ** 2010 August 30
11084 **
11085 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
11086 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
11087 **
11088 **    May you do good and not evil.
11089 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
11090 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
11091 **
11092 *************************************************************************
11093 */
11094 
11095 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
11096 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
11097 
11098 
11099 #ifdef __cplusplus
11100 extern "C" {
11101 #endif
11102 
11103 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
11104 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
11105 
11106 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
11107 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
11108 */
11109 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
11110   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
11111 #else
11112   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
11113 #endif
11114 
11115 /*
11116 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
11117 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
11118 **
11119 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
11120 */
11121 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
11122   sqlite3 *db,
11123   const char *zGeom,
11124   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
11125   void *pContext
11126 );
11127 
11128 
11129 /*
11130 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
11131 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
11132 */
11133 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
11134   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
11135   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
11136   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
11137   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
11138   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
11139 };
11140 
11141 /*
11142 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
11143 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
11144 **
11145 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
11146 */
11147 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
11148   sqlite3 *db,
11149   const char *zQueryFunc,
11150   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
11151   void *pContext,
11152   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
11153 );
11154 
11155 
11156 /*
11157 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
11158 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
11159 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
11160 **
11161 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
11162 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
11163 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
11164 */
11165 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
11166   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
11167   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
11168   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
11169   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
11170   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
11171   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
11172   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
11173   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
11174   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
11175   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
11176   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
11177   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
11178   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
11179   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visibility */
11180   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
11181   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
11182   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
11183 };
11184 
11185 /*
11186 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
11187 */
11188 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
11189 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
11190 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
11191 
11192 
11193 #ifdef __cplusplus
11194 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
11195 #endif
11196 
11197 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
11198 
11199 /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
11200 /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
11201 
11202 #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
11203 #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
11204 
11205 /*
11206 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
11207 */
11208 #ifdef __cplusplus
11209 extern "C" {
11210 #endif
11211 
11212 
11213 /*
11214 ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
11215 **
11216 ** An instance of this object is a [session] that can be used to
11217 ** record changes to a database.
11218 */
11219 typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
11220 
11221 /*
11222 ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
11223 **
11224 ** An instance of this object acts as a cursor for iterating
11225 ** over the elements of a [changeset] or [patchset].
11226 */
11227 typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
11228 
11229 /*
11230 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
11231 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
11232 **
11233 ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
11234 ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
11235 ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
11236 ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
11237 **
11238 ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
11239 ** database handle.
11240 **
11241 ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
11242 ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
11243 ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
11244 ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
11245 ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
11246 ** are undefined.
11247 **
11248 ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
11249 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
11250 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
11251 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
11252 ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
11253 ** either of these things are undefined.
11254 **
11255 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
11256 ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
11257 ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
11258 ** to the database when the session object is created.
11259 */
11260 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_create(
11261   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
11262   const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
11263   sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
11264 );
11265 
11266 /*
11267 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
11268 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_session
11269 **
11270 ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
11271 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
11272 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
11273 ** function are undefined.
11274 **
11275 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
11276 ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
11277 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
11278 */
11279 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11280 
11281 /*
11282 ** CAPI3REF: Configure a Session Object
11283 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11284 **
11285 ** This method is used to configure a session object after it has been
11286 ** created. At present the only valid values for the second parameter are
11287 ** [SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE] and [SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID].
11288 **
11289 */
11290 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_object_config(sqlite3_session*, int op, void *pArg);
11291 
11292 /*
11293 ** CAPI3REF: Options for sqlite3session_object_config
11294 **
11295 ** The following values may passed as the the 2nd parameter to
11296 ** sqlite3session_object_config().
11297 **
11298 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE <dd>
11299 **   This option is used to set, clear or query the flag that enables
11300 **   the [sqlite3session_changeset_size()] API. Because it imposes some
11301 **   computational overhead, this API is disabled by default. Argument
11302 **   pArg must point to a value of type (int). If the value is initially
11303 **   0, then the sqlite3session_changeset_size() API is disabled. If it
11304 **   is greater than 0, then the same API is enabled. Or, if the initial
11305 **   value is less than zero, no change is made. In all cases the (int)
11306 **   variable is set to 1 if the sqlite3session_changeset_size() API is
11307 **   enabled following the current call, or 0 otherwise.
11308 **
11309 **   It is an error (SQLITE_MISUSE) to attempt to modify this setting after
11310 **   the first table has been attached to the session object.
11311 **
11312 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID <dd>
11313 **   This option is used to set, clear or query the flag that enables
11314 **   collection of data for tables with no explicit PRIMARY KEY.
11315 **
11316 **   Normally, tables with no explicit PRIMARY KEY are simply ignored
11317 **   by the sessions module. However, if this flag is set, it behaves
11318 **   as if such tables have a column "_rowid_ INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" inserted
11319 **   as their leftmost columns.
11320 **
11321 **   It is an error (SQLITE_MISUSE) to attempt to modify this setting after
11322 **   the first table has been attached to the session object.
11323 */
11324 #define SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE  1
11325 #define SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_ROWID 2
11326 
11327 /*
11328 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
11329 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11330 **
11331 ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
11332 ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
11333 ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
11334 ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
11335 ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
11336 ** the eventual changesets.
11337 **
11338 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
11339 ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
11340 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
11341 **
11342 ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
11343 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
11344 */
11345 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
11346 
11347 /*
11348 ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
11349 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11350 **
11351 ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
11352 ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
11353 **
11354 ** <ul>
11355 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
11356 **        made, or
11357 **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
11358 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
11359 ** </ul>
11360 **
11361 ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
11362 ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
11363 ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
11364 **
11365 ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
11366 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
11367 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
11368 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
11369 ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
11370 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
11371 **
11372 ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
11373 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
11374 */
11375 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
11376 
11377 /*
11378 ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
11379 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11380 **
11381 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
11382 ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
11383 ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
11384 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
11385 **
11386 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
11387 ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
11388 ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
11389 ** the new tables are also recorded.
11390 **
11391 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
11392 ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
11393 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
11394 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
11395 **
11396 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
11397 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
11398 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
11399 **
11400 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
11401 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
11402 **
11403 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
11404 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
11405 **
11406 ** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
11407 **
11408 ** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to
11409 ** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
11410 **  <pre>
11411 **  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)
11412 **  </pre>
11413 **
11414 ** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are
11415 ** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes
11416 ** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
11417 ** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
11418 ** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
11419 ** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
11420 ** concat() and similar.
11421 **
11422 ** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the
11423 ** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
11424 ** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
11425 ** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset
11426 ** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
11427 ** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
11428 ** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
11429 **
11430 ** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
11431 ** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
11432 ** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
11433 ** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
11434 */
11435 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
11436   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11437   const char *zTab                /* Table name */
11438 );
11439 
11440 /*
11441 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
11442 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11443 **
11444 ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
11445 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session object, the filter is called
11446 ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
11447 ** If xFilter returns 0, changes are not tracked. Note that once a table is
11448 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
11449 */
11450 SQLITE_API void sqlite3session_table_filter(
11451   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11452   int(*xFilter)(
11453     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
11454     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
11455   ),
11456   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
11457 );
11458 
11459 /*
11460 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
11461 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11462 **
11463 ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
11464 ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
11465 ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
11466 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
11467 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
11468 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
11469 **
11470 ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
11471 ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
11472 ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
11473 ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
11474 ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
11475 ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
11476 ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
11477 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
11478 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
11479 **
11480 ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
11481 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
11482 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
11483 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
11484 ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
11485 ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
11486 ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
11487 ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
11488 ** DELETE change only.
11489 **
11490 ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
11491 ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
11492 ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
11493 ** API.
11494 **
11495 ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
11496 ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
11497 ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
11498 ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
11499 ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
11500 ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
11501 ** a single table are stored is undefined.
11502 **
11503 ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
11504 ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
11505 ** [sqlite3_free()].
11506 **
11507 ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
11508 **
11509 ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
11510 ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
11511 ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
11512 ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
11513 ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
11514 ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
11515 **
11516 ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
11517 ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
11518 ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
11519 **
11520 ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
11521 ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
11522 ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
11523 ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
11524 ** or updates a record).
11525 **
11526 ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
11527 ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
11528 ** file. Specifically:
11529 **
11530 ** <ul>
11531 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
11532 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
11533 **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
11534 **        is added to the changeset.
11535 **
11536 **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
11537 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
11538 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
11539 **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
11540 **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
11541 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
11542 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
11543 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
11544 ** </ul>
11545 **
11546 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
11547 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
11548 ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
11549 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
11550 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
11551 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
11552 **
11553 ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
11554 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
11555 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
11556 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
11557 ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
11558 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
11559 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
11560 ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is enabled, and
11561 ** then another field of the same row is updated while the session is disabled,
11562 ** the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both
11563 ** fields.
11564 */
11565 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset(
11566   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11567   int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
11568   void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
11569 );
11570 
11571 /*
11572 ** CAPI3REF: Return An Upper-limit For The Size Of The Changeset
11573 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11574 **
11575 ** By default, this function always returns 0. For it to return
11576 ** a useful result, the sqlite3_session object must have been configured
11577 ** to enable this API using sqlite3session_object_config() with the
11578 ** SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE verb.
11579 **
11580 ** When enabled, this function returns an upper limit, in bytes, for the size
11581 ** of the changeset that might be produced if sqlite3session_changeset() were
11582 ** called. The final changeset size might be equal to or smaller than the
11583 ** size in bytes returned by this function.
11584 */
11585 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_changeset_size(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11586 
11587 /*
11588 ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
11589 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11590 **
11591 ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
11592 ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
11593 ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
11594 ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
11595 ** an error).
11596 **
11597 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
11598 ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
11599 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
11600 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
11601 **
11602 ** <ul>
11603 **   <li> Has the same name,
11604 **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
11605 **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
11606 ** </ul>
11607 **
11608 ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
11609 ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
11610 ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
11611 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
11612 **
11613 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
11614 ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
11615 ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
11616 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
11617 **
11618 ** <ul>
11619 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
11620 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
11621 **
11622 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
11623 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
11624 **
11625 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
11626 **     different non-PK values in each, an UPDATE record is added to the
11627 **     session.
11628 ** </ul>
11629 **
11630 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
11631 ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
11632 ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
11633 ** identical.
11634 **
11635 ** Unless the call to this function is a no-op as described above, it is an
11636 ** error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the required
11637 ** compatible table.
11638 **
11639 ** If the operation is successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
11640 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
11641 ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
11642 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
11643 ** sqlite3_free().
11644 */
11645 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_diff(
11646   sqlite3_session *pSession,
11647   const char *zFromDb,
11648   const char *zTbl,
11649   char **pzErrMsg
11650 );
11651 
11652 
11653 /*
11654 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
11655 ** METHOD: sqlite3_session
11656 **
11657 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
11658 **
11659 ** <ul>
11660 **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
11661 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
11662 **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
11663 **        UPDATE records.
11664 ** </ul>
11665 **
11666 ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
11667 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
11668 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
11669 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
11670 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
11671 **
11672 ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
11673 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
11674 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
11675 ** in the same way as for changesets.
11676 **
11677 ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
11678 ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
11679 ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
11680 ** they were attached to the session object).
11681 */
11682 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
11683   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
11684   int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
11685   void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
11686 );
11687 
11688 /*
11689 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
11690 **
11691 ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
11692 ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
11693 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
11694 **
11695 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
11696 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
11697 ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
11698 ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
11699 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
11700 ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
11701 ** changeset containing zero changes.
11702 */
11703 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11704 
11705 /*
11706 ** CAPI3REF: Query for the amount of heap memory used by a session object.
11707 **
11708 ** This API returns the total amount of heap memory in bytes currently
11709 ** used by the session object passed as the only argument.
11710 */
11711 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3session_memory_used(sqlite3_session *pSession);
11712 
11713 /*
11714 ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
11715 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11716 **
11717 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
11718 ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
11719 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
11720 ** SQLite error code is returned.
11721 **
11722 ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
11723 ** iterator created by this function:
11724 **
11725 ** <ul>
11726 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
11727 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
11728 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
11729 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
11730 ** </ul>
11731 **
11732 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
11733 ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
11734 ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
11735 ** destroyed.
11736 **
11737 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
11738 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
11739 ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
11740 ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
11741 ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
11742 ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visited
11743 ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
11744 ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
11745 ** another change for table X.
11746 **
11747 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_start_v2() and its streaming equivalent
11748 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
11749 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT | supported flags] as the 4th parameter.
11750 **
11751 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_start_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
11752 ** and therefore subject to change.
11753 */
11754 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start(
11755   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
11756   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
11757   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
11758 );
11759 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2(
11760   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
11761   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
11762   void *pChangeset,               /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
11763   int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETSTART_* flags */
11764 );
11765 
11766 /*
11767 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_start_v2
11768 **
11769 ** The following flags may passed via the 4th parameter to
11770 ** [sqlite3changeset_start_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm]:
11771 **
11772 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT <dd>
11773 **   Invert the changeset while iterating through it. This is equivalent to
11774 **   inverting a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it.
11775 **   It is an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
11776 */
11777 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETSTART_INVERT        0x0002
11778 
11779 
11780 /*
11781 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
11782 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11783 **
11784 ** This function may only be used with iterators created by the function
11785 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
11786 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
11787 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
11788 **
11789 ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
11790 ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
11791 ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
11792 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
11793 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
11794 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
11795 ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
11796 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
11797 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
11798 **
11799 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
11800 ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
11801 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
11802 */
11803 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
11804 
11805 /*
11806 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
11807 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11808 **
11809 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11810 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11811 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11812 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
11813 ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
11814 **
11815 ** Arguments pOp, pnCol and pzTab may not be NULL. Upon return, three
11816 ** outputs are set through these pointers:
11817 **
11818 ** *pOp is set to one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE],
11819 ** depending on the type of change that the iterator currently points to;
11820 **
11821 ** *pnCol is set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change; and
11822 **
11823 ** *pzTab is set to point to a nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing
11824 ** the name of the table affected by the current change. The buffer remains
11825 ** valid until either sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator
11826 ** or until the conflict-handler function returns.
11827 **
11828 ** If pbIndirect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
11829 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
11830 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
11831 ** changes.
11832 **
11833 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
11834 ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
11835 ** be trusted in this case.
11836 */
11837 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_op(
11838   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
11839   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
11840   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
11841   int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
11842   int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
11843 );
11844 
11845 /*
11846 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
11847 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11848 **
11849 ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
11850 **
11851 ** <ul>
11852 **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
11853 **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
11854 ** </ul>
11855 **
11856 ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
11857 ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
11858 ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
11859 ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
11860 ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
11861 ** 0x00 if it is not.
11862 **
11863 ** If argument pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
11864 ** in the table.
11865 **
11866 ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
11867 ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
11868 ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
11869 ** above.
11870 */
11871 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_pk(
11872   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
11873   unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
11874   int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
11875 );
11876 
11877 /*
11878 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
11879 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11880 **
11881 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11882 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11883 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11884 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
11885 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
11886 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
11887 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
11888 **
11889 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
11890 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
11891 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11892 **
11893 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
11894 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
11895 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
11896 ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
11897 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
11898 **
11899 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
11900 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11901 */
11902 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_old(
11903   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11904   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
11905   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
11906 );
11907 
11908 /*
11909 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
11910 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11911 **
11912 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
11913 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
11914 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
11915 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
11916 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
11917 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
11918 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
11919 **
11920 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
11921 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
11922 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11923 **
11924 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
11925 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
11926 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
11927 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
11928 ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
11929 ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
11930 ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
11931 ** triggers.
11932 **
11933 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
11934 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11935 */
11936 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_new(
11937   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11938   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
11939   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
11940 );
11941 
11942 /*
11943 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
11944 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11945 **
11946 ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
11947 ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
11948 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
11949 ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
11950 ** is set to NULL.
11951 **
11952 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
11953 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
11954 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11955 **
11956 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
11957 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
11958 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
11959 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
11960 **
11961 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
11962 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
11963 */
11964 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
11965   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11966   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
11967   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
11968 );
11969 
11970 /*
11971 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
11972 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11973 **
11974 ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
11975 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
11976 ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
11977 ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
11978 **
11979 ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
11980 */
11981 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
11982   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
11983   int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
11984 );
11985 
11986 
11987 /*
11988 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
11989 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changeset_iter
11990 **
11991 ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
11992 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
11993 **
11994 ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
11995 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
11996 ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
11997 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
11998 ** call has no effect.
11999 **
12000 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
12001 ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
12002 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
12003 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
12004 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
12005 **
12006 ** <pre>
12007 **   sqlite3changeset_start();
12008 **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
12009 **     // Do something with change.
12010 **   }
12011 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
12012 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
12013 **     // An error has occurred
12014 **   }
12015 ** </pre>
12016 */
12017 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
12018 
12019 /*
12020 ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
12021 **
12022 ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
12023 ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
12024 ** changeset. Specifically:
12025 **
12026 ** <ul>
12027 **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
12028 **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
12029 **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
12030 ** </ul>
12031 **
12032 ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
12033 ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
12034 **
12035 ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
12036 ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
12037 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
12038 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
12039 **
12040 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
12041 ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
12042 ** call to this function.
12043 **
12044 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
12045 ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
12046 */
12047 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert(
12048   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
12049   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
12050 );
12051 
12052 /*
12053 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
12054 **
12055 ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
12056 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
12057 ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
12058 **
12059 ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
12060 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
12061 ** following code fragment:
12062 **
12063 ** <pre>
12064 **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
12065 **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
12066 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
12067 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
12068 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
12069 **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
12070 **   }else{
12071 **     *ppOut = 0;
12072 **     *pnOut = 0;
12073 **   }
12074 ** </pre>
12075 **
12076 ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
12077 */
12078 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat(
12079   int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
12080   void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
12081   int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
12082   void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
12083   int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
12084   void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
12085 );
12086 
12087 /*
12088 ** CAPI3REF: Changegroup Handle
12089 **
12090 ** A changegroup is an object used to combine two or more
12091 ** [changesets] or [patchsets]
12092 */
12093 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
12094 
12095 /*
12096 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Changegroup Object
12097 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
12098 **
12099 ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
12100 ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
12101 ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
12102 ** always in the same format as the input.
12103 **
12104 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
12105 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
12106 ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
12107 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
12108 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
12109 **
12110 ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
12111 **
12112 ** <ul>
12113 **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
12114 **
12115 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
12116 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
12117 **
12118 **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
12119 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
12120 **
12121 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
12122 ** </ul>
12123 **
12124 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
12125 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
12126 **
12127 ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
12128 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
12129 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
12130 */
12131 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
12132 
12133 /*
12134 ** CAPI3REF: Add a Schema to a Changegroup
12135 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup_schema
12136 **
12137 ** This method may be used to optionally enforce the rule that the changesets
12138 ** added to the changegroup handle must match the schema of database zDb
12139 ** ("main", "temp", or the name of an attached database). If
12140 ** sqlite3changegroup_add() is called to add a changeset that is not compatible
12141 ** with the configured schema, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and the changegroup
12142 ** object is left in an undefined state.
12143 **
12144 ** A changeset schema is considered compatible with the database schema in
12145 ** the same way as for sqlite3changeset_apply(). Specifically, for each
12146 ** table in the changeset, there exists a database table with:
12147 **
12148 ** <ul>
12149 **   <li> The name identified by the changeset, and
12150 **   <li> at least as many columns as recorded in the changeset, and
12151 **   <li> the primary key columns in the same position as recorded in
12152 **        the changeset.
12153 ** </ul>
12154 **
12155 ** The output of the changegroup object always has the same schema as the
12156 ** database nominated using this function. In cases where changesets passed
12157 ** to sqlite3changegroup_add() have fewer columns than the corresponding table
12158 ** in the database schema, these are filled in using the default column
12159 ** values from the database schema. This makes it possible to combined
12160 ** changesets that have different numbers of columns for a single table
12161 ** within a changegroup, provided that they are otherwise compatible.
12162 */
12163 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_schema(sqlite3_changegroup*, sqlite3*, const char *zDb);
12164 
12165 /*
12166 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Changeset To A Changegroup
12167 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12168 **
12169 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
12170 ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
12171 **
12172 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
12173 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
12174 ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
12175 ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
12176 ** to the changegroup.
12177 **
12178 ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
12179 ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
12180 ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
12181 ** the two rows have the same primary key.
12182 **
12183 ** Changes to rows that do not already appear in the changegroup are
12184 ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
12185 ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
12186 ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
12187 **
12188 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
12189 **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
12190 **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
12191 **       <th>Output Change
12192 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
12193 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12194 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12195 **       added to the changegroup.
12196 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
12197 **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
12198 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
12199 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
12200 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
12201 **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
12202 **       not added.
12203 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
12204 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12205 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12206 **       added to the changegroup.
12207 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
12208 **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
12209 **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
12210 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
12211 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
12212 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
12213 **       changegroup.
12214 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
12215 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
12216 **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
12217 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
12218 **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
12219 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
12220 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
12221 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12222 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12223 **       added to the changegroup.
12224 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
12225 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
12226 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
12227 **       added to the changegroup.
12228 ** </table>
12229 **
12230 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
12231 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
12232 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
12233 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. Except, if the changegroup
12234 ** object has been configured with a database schema using the
12235 ** sqlite3changegroup_schema() API, then it is possible to combine changesets
12236 ** with different numbers of columns for a single table, provided that
12237 ** they are otherwise compatible.
12238 **
12239 ** If the input changeset appears to be corrupt and the corruption is
12240 ** detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition
12241 ** occurs during processing, this function returns SQLITE_NOMEM.
12242 **
12243 ** In all cases, if an error occurs the state of the final contents of the
12244 ** changegroup is undefined. If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
12245 */
12246 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
12247 
12248 /*
12249 ** CAPI3REF: Add A Single Change To A Changegroup
12250 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12251 **
12252 ** This function adds the single change currently indicated by the iterator
12253 ** passed as the second argument to the changegroup object. The rules for
12254 ** adding the change are just as described for [sqlite3changegroup_add()].
12255 **
12256 ** If the change is successfully added to the changegroup, SQLITE_OK is
12257 ** returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error code is returned.
12258 **
12259 ** The iterator must point to a valid entry when this function is called.
12260 ** If it does not, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no change is added to the
12261 ** changegroup. Additionally, the iterator must not have been opened with
12262 ** the SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT flag. In this case SQLITE_ERROR is also
12263 ** returned.
12264 */
12265 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_change(
12266   sqlite3_changegroup*,
12267   sqlite3_changeset_iter*
12268 );
12269 
12270 
12271 
12272 /*
12273 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain A Composite Changeset From A Changegroup
12274 ** METHOD: sqlite3_changegroup
12275 **
12276 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
12277 ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
12278 ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
12279 ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
12280 **
12281 ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
12282 ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
12283 ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
12284 ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
12285 ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
12286 ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
12287 ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
12288 ** which they are first encountered.
12289 **
12290 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
12291 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
12292 ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
12293 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
12294 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
12295 ** call to sqlite3_free().
12296 */
12297 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output(
12298   sqlite3_changegroup*,
12299   int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
12300   void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
12301 );
12302 
12303 /*
12304 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Changegroup Object
12305 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_changegroup
12306 */
12307 SQLITE_API void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
12308 
12309 /*
12310 ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
12311 **
12312 ** Apply a changeset or patchset to a database. These functions attempt to
12313 ** update the "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in
12314 ** the changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
12315 **
12316 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to these functions is the "filter
12317 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
12318 ** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
12319 ** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
12320 ** passed as the sixth argument as the first. If the "filter callback"
12321 ** returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to the table.
12322 ** Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter argument to
12323 ** is NULL, all changes related to the table are attempted.
12324 **
12325 ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
12326 ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
12327 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
12328 **
12329 ** <ul>
12330 **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
12331 **        changeset, and
12332 **   <li> The table has at least as many columns as recorded in the
12333 **        changeset, and
12334 **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
12335 **        recorded in the changeset.
12336 ** </ul>
12337 **
12338 ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
12339 ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
12340 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
12341 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
12342 **
12343 ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
12344 ** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
12345 ** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
12346 ** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
12347 ** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
12348 ** each type of change is below.
12349 **
12350 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
12351 ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
12352 ** argument are undefined.
12353 **
12354 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
12355 ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
12356 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
12357 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
12358 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
12359 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
12360 ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
12361 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
12362 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
12363 ** the documentation for the three
12364 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
12365 **
12366 ** <dl>
12367 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
12368 **   For each DELETE change, the function checks if the target database
12369 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
12370 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
12371 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
12372 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
12373 **
12374 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
12375 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
12376 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
12377 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. If the
12378 **   database table has more columns than are recorded in the changeset,
12379 **   only the values of those non-primary key fields are compared against
12380 **   the current database contents - any trailing database table columns
12381 **   are ignored.
12382 **
12383 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
12384 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
12385 **   passed as the second argument.
12386 **
12387 **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
12388 **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
12389 **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
12390 **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
12391 **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
12392 **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12393 **
12394 ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
12395 **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
12396 **   the database. If the changeset row contains fewer fields than the
12397 **   database table, the trailing fields are populated with their default
12398 **   values.
12399 **
12400 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
12401 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
12402 **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
12403 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
12404 **
12405 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
12406 **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
12407 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
12408 **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
12409 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
12410 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12411 **
12412 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
12413 **   For each UPDATE change, the function checks if the target database
12414 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
12415 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
12416 **   stored in all modified non-primary key columns also match the values
12417 **   stored in the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
12418 **
12419 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
12420 **   the modified non-primary key fields contains a value different from an
12421 **   original row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function
12422 **   is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
12423 **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
12424 **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
12425 **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
12426 **
12427 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
12428 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
12429 **   passed as the second argument.
12430 **
12431 **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
12432 **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
12433 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
12434 **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
12435 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
12436 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
12437 ** </dl>
12438 **
12439 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
12440 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
12441 ** This can be used to further customize the application's conflict
12442 ** resolution strategy.
12443 **
12444 ** All changes made by these functions are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
12445 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
12446 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
12447 ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
12448 ** SQLite error code returned.
12449 **
12450 ** If the output parameters (ppRebase) and (pnRebase) are non-NULL and
12451 ** the input is a changeset (not a patchset), then sqlite3changeset_apply_v2()
12452 ** may set (*ppRebase) to point to a "rebase" that may be used with the
12453 ** sqlite3_rebaser APIs buffer before returning. In this case (*pnRebase)
12454 ** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes. It is the responsibility of the
12455 ** caller to eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free(). The buffer
12456 ** is only allocated and populated if one or more conflicts were encountered
12457 ** while applying the patchset. See comments surrounding the sqlite3_rebaser
12458 ** APIs for further details.
12459 **
12460 ** The behavior of sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and its streaming equivalent
12461 ** may be modified by passing a combination of
12462 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT | supported flags] as the 9th parameter.
12463 **
12464 ** Note that the sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() API is still <b>experimental</b>
12465 ** and therefore subject to change.
12466 */
12467 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply(
12468   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12469   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12470   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12471   int(*xFilter)(
12472     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12473     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12474   ),
12475   int(*xConflict)(
12476     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12477     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12478     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12479   ),
12480   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12481 );
12482 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2(
12483   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12484   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
12485   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
12486   int(*xFilter)(
12487     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12488     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12489   ),
12490   int(*xConflict)(
12491     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12492     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12493     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12494   ),
12495   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12496   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase, /* OUT: Rebase data */
12497   int flags                       /* SESSION_CHANGESETAPPLY_* flags */
12498 );
12499 
12500 /*
12501 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for sqlite3changeset_apply_v2
12502 **
12503 ** The following flags may passed via the 9th parameter to
12504 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2] and [sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm]:
12505 **
12506 ** <dl>
12507 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT <dd>
12508 **   Usually, the sessions module encloses all operations performed by
12509 **   a single call to apply_v2() or apply_v2_strm() in a [SAVEPOINT]. The
12510 **   SAVEPOINT is committed if the changeset or patchset is successfully
12511 **   applied, or rolled back if an error occurs. Specifying this flag
12512 **   causes the sessions module to omit this savepoint. In this case, if the
12513 **   caller has an open transaction or savepoint when apply_v2() is called,
12514 **   it may revert the partially applied changeset by rolling it back.
12515 **
12516 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT <dd>
12517 **   Invert the changeset before applying it. This is equivalent to inverting
12518 **   a changeset using sqlite3changeset_invert() before applying it. It is
12519 **   an error to specify this flag with a patchset.
12520 **
12521 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP <dd>
12522 **   Do not invoke the conflict handler callback for any changes that
12523 **   would not actually modify the database even if they were applied.
12524 **   Specifically, this means that the conflict handler is not invoked
12525 **   for:
12526 **    <ul>
12527 **    <li>a delete change if the row being deleted cannot be found,
12528 **    <li>an update change if the modified fields are already set to
12529 **        their new values in the conflicting row, or
12530 **    <li>an insert change if all fields of the conflicting row match
12531 **        the row being inserted.
12532 **    </ul>
12533 **
12534 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION <dd>
12535 **   If this flag it set, then all foreign key constraints in the target
12536 **   database behave as if they were declared with "ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON
12537 **   DELETE NO ACTION", even if they are actually CASCADE, RESTRICT, SET NULL
12538 **   or SET DEFAULT.
12539 */
12540 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_NOSAVEPOINT   0x0001
12541 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_INVERT        0x0002
12542 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_IGNORENOOP    0x0004
12543 #define SQLITE_CHANGESETAPPLY_FKNOACTION    0x0008
12544 
12545 /*
12546 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
12547 **
12548 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
12549 **
12550 ** <dl>
12551 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
12552 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
12553 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
12554 **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
12555 **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
12556 **   expected "before" values.
12557 **
12558 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
12559 **   primary key.
12560 **
12561 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
12562 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
12563 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
12564 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
12565 **
12566 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
12567 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
12568 **
12569 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
12570 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
12571 **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
12572 **   in duplicate primary key values.
12573 **
12574 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
12575 **   primary key.
12576 **
12577 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
12578 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
12579 **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
12580 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
12581 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
12582 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
12583 **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
12584 **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
12585 **
12586 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
12587 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
12588 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
12589 **
12590 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
12591 **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
12592 **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
12593 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
12594 **
12595 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
12596 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
12597 **
12598 ** </dl>
12599 */
12600 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
12601 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
12602 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
12603 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
12604 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
12605 
12606 /*
12607 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
12608 **
12609 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
12610 **
12611 ** <dl>
12612 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
12613 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
12614 **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
12615 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
12616 **
12617 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
12618 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
12619 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
12620 **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
12621 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
12622 **
12623 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
12624 **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
12625 **   on the type of change.
12626 **
12627 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
12628 **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
12629 **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
12630 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
12631 **
12632 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
12633 **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
12634 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
12635 ** </dl>
12636 */
12637 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
12638 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
12639 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
12640 
12641 /*
12642 ** CAPI3REF: Rebasing changesets
12643 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12644 **
12645 ** Suppose there is a site hosting a database in state S0. And that
12646 ** modifications are made that move that database to state S1 and a
12647 ** changeset recorded (the "local" changeset). Then, a changeset based
12648 ** on S0 is received from another site (the "remote" changeset) and
12649 ** applied to the database. The database is then in state
12650 ** (S1+"remote"), where the exact state depends on any conflict
12651 ** resolution decisions (OMIT or REPLACE) made while applying "remote".
12652 ** Rebasing a changeset is to update it to take those conflict
12653 ** resolution decisions into account, so that the same conflicts
12654 ** do not have to be resolved elsewhere in the network.
12655 **
12656 ** For example, if both the local and remote changesets contain an
12657 ** INSERT of the same key on "CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b)":
12658 **
12659 **   local:  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v1');
12660 **   remote: INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'v2');
12661 **
12662 ** and the conflict resolution is REPLACE, then the INSERT change is
12663 ** removed from the local changeset (it was overridden). Or, if the
12664 ** conflict resolution was "OMIT", then the local changeset is modified
12665 ** to instead contain:
12666 **
12667 **           UPDATE t1 SET b = 'v2' WHERE a=1;
12668 **
12669 ** Changes within the local changeset are rebased as follows:
12670 **
12671 ** <dl>
12672 ** <dt>Local INSERT<dd>
12673 **   This may only conflict with a remote INSERT. If the conflict
12674 **   resolution was OMIT, then add an UPDATE change to the rebased
12675 **   changeset. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE, add
12676 **   nothing to the rebased changeset.
12677 **
12678 ** <dt>Local DELETE<dd>
12679 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. In both cases the
12680 **   only possible resolution is OMIT. If the remote operation was a
12681 **   DELETE, then add no change to the rebased changeset. If the remote
12682 **   operation was an UPDATE, then the old.* fields of change are updated
12683 **   to reflect the new.* values in the UPDATE.
12684 **
12685 ** <dt>Local UPDATE<dd>
12686 **   This may conflict with a remote UPDATE or DELETE. If it conflicts
12687 **   with a DELETE, and the conflict resolution was OMIT, then the update
12688 **   is changed into an INSERT. Any undefined values in the new.* record
12689 **   from the update change are filled in using the old.* values from
12690 **   the conflicting DELETE. Or, if the conflict resolution was REPLACE,
12691 **   the UPDATE change is simply omitted from the rebased changeset.
12692 **
12693 **   If conflict is with a remote UPDATE and the resolution is OMIT, then
12694 **   the old.* values are rebased using the new.* values in the remote
12695 **   change. Or, if the resolution is REPLACE, then the change is copied
12696 **   into the rebased changeset with updates to columns also updated by
12697 **   the conflicting remote UPDATE removed. If this means no columns would
12698 **   be updated, the change is omitted.
12699 ** </dl>
12700 **
12701 ** A local change may be rebased against multiple remote changes
12702 ** simultaneously. If a single key is modified by multiple remote
12703 ** changesets, they are combined as follows before the local changeset
12704 ** is rebased:
12705 **
12706 ** <ul>
12707 **    <li> If there has been one or more REPLACE resolutions on a
12708 **         key, it is rebased according to a REPLACE.
12709 **
12710 **    <li> If there have been no REPLACE resolutions on a key, then
12711 **         the local changeset is rebased according to the most recent
12712 **         of the OMIT resolutions.
12713 ** </ul>
12714 **
12715 ** Note that conflict resolutions from multiple remote changesets are
12716 ** combined on a per-field basis, not per-row. This means that in the
12717 ** case of multiple remote UPDATE operations, some fields of a single
12718 ** local change may be rebased for REPLACE while others are rebased for
12719 ** OMIT.
12720 **
12721 ** In order to rebase a local changeset, the remote changeset must first
12722 ** be applied to the local database using sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() and
12723 ** the buffer of rebase information captured. Then:
12724 **
12725 ** <ol>
12726 **   <li> An sqlite3_rebaser object is created by calling
12727 **        sqlite3rebaser_create().
12728 **   <li> The new object is configured with the rebase buffer obtained from
12729 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() by calling sqlite3rebaser_configure().
12730 **        If the local changeset is to be rebased against multiple remote
12731 **        changesets, then sqlite3rebaser_configure() should be called
12732 **        multiple times, in the same order that the multiple
12733 **        sqlite3changeset_apply_v2() calls were made.
12734 **   <li> Each local changeset is rebased by calling sqlite3rebaser_rebase().
12735 **   <li> The sqlite3_rebaser object is deleted by calling
12736 **        sqlite3rebaser_delete().
12737 ** </ol>
12738 */
12739 typedef struct sqlite3_rebaser sqlite3_rebaser;
12740 
12741 /*
12742 ** CAPI3REF: Create a changeset rebaser object.
12743 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12744 **
12745 ** Allocate a new changeset rebaser object. If successful, set (*ppNew) to
12746 ** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, if an error
12747 ** occurs, return an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) and set (*ppNew)
12748 ** to NULL.
12749 */
12750 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_create(sqlite3_rebaser **ppNew);
12751 
12752 /*
12753 ** CAPI3REF: Configure a changeset rebaser object.
12754 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12755 **
12756 ** Configure the changeset rebaser object to rebase changesets according
12757 ** to the conflict resolutions described by buffer pRebase (size nRebase
12758 ** bytes), which must have been obtained from a previous call to
12759 ** sqlite3changeset_apply_v2().
12760 */
12761 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_configure(
12762   sqlite3_rebaser*,
12763   int nRebase, const void *pRebase
12764 );
12765 
12766 /*
12767 ** CAPI3REF: Rebase a changeset
12768 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12769 **
12770 ** Argument pIn must point to a buffer containing a changeset nIn bytes
12771 ** in size. This function allocates and populates a buffer with a copy
12772 ** of the changeset rebased according to the configuration of the
12773 ** rebaser object passed as the first argument. If successful, (*ppOut)
12774 ** is set to point to the new buffer containing the rebased changeset and
12775 ** (*pnOut) to its size in bytes and SQLITE_OK returned. It is the
12776 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the new buffer using
12777 ** sqlite3_free(). Otherwise, if an error occurs, (*ppOut) and (*pnOut)
12778 ** are set to zero and an SQLite error code returned.
12779 */
12780 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase(
12781   sqlite3_rebaser*,
12782   int nIn, const void *pIn,
12783   int *pnOut, void **ppOut
12784 );
12785 
12786 /*
12787 ** CAPI3REF: Delete a changeset rebaser object.
12788 ** EXPERIMENTAL
12789 **
12790 ** Delete the changeset rebaser object and all associated resources. There
12791 ** should be one call to this function for each successful invocation
12792 ** of sqlite3rebaser_create().
12793 */
12794 SQLITE_API void sqlite3rebaser_delete(sqlite3_rebaser *p);
12795 
12796 /*
12797 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
12798 **
12799 ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
12800 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
12801 **
12802 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
12803 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
12804 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
12805 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm_v2<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply_v2]
12806 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
12807 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
12808 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
12809 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
12810 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
12811 ** </table>
12812 **
12813 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
12814 ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
12815 ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
12816 ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
12817 ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
12818 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
12819 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
12820 **
12821 ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
12822 ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
12823 ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
12824 ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
12825 **
12826 **  <pre>
12827 **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
12828 **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
12829 **  </pre>
12830 **
12831 ** Is replaced by:
12832 **
12833 **  <pre>
12834 **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12835 **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
12836 **  </pre>
12837 **
12838 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
12839 ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
12840 ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
12841 ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
12842 ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
12843 ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
12844 ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
12845 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
12846 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
12847 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
12848 **
12849 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
12850 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
12851 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
12852 ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
12853 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
12854 **
12855 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
12856 ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
12857 ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
12858 ** as:
12859 **
12860 **  <pre>
12861 **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
12862 **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
12863 **  </pre>
12864 **
12865 ** Is replaced by:
12866 **
12867 **  <pre>
12868 **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12869 **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
12870 **  </pre>
12871 **
12872 ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
12873 ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
12874 ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
12875 ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
12876 ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
12877 ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
12878 ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
12879 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
12880 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
12881 **
12882 ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
12883 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
12884 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
12885 */
12886 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
12887   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12888   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
12889   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
12890   int(*xFilter)(
12891     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12892     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12893   ),
12894   int(*xConflict)(
12895     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12896     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12897     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12898   ),
12899   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12900 );
12901 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_apply_v2_strm(
12902   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
12903   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
12904   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
12905   int(*xFilter)(
12906     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12907     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
12908   ),
12909   int(*xConflict)(
12910     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
12911     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
12912     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
12913   ),
12914   void *pCtx,                     /* First argument passed to xConflict */
12915   void **ppRebase, int *pnRebase,
12916   int flags
12917 );
12918 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
12919   int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12920   void *pInA,
12921   int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12922   void *pInB,
12923   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12924   void *pOut
12925 );
12926 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
12927   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12928   void *pIn,
12929   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12930   void *pOut
12931 );
12932 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
12933   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
12934   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12935   void *pIn
12936 );
12937 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changeset_start_v2_strm(
12938   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
12939   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12940   void *pIn,
12941   int flags
12942 );
12943 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
12944   sqlite3_session *pSession,
12945   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12946   void *pOut
12947 );
12948 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
12949   sqlite3_session *pSession,
12950   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12951   void *pOut
12952 );
12953 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
12954     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12955     void *pIn
12956 );
12957 SQLITE_API int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
12958     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12959     void *pOut
12960 );
12961 SQLITE_API int sqlite3rebaser_rebase_strm(
12962   sqlite3_rebaser *pRebaser,
12963   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
12964   void *pIn,
12965   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
12966   void *pOut
12967 );
12968 
12969 /*
12970 ** CAPI3REF: Configure global parameters
12971 **
12972 ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is used to make global configuration
12973 ** changes to the sessions module in order to tune it to the specific needs
12974 ** of the application.
12975 **
12976 ** The sqlite3session_config() interface is not threadsafe. If it is invoked
12977 ** while any other thread is inside any other sessions method then the
12978 ** results are undefined. Furthermore, if it is invoked after any sessions
12979 ** related objects have been created, the results are also undefined.
12980 **
12981 ** The first argument to the sqlite3session_config() function must be one
12982 ** of the SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_XXX constants defined below. The
12983 ** interpretation of the (void*) value passed as the second parameter and
12984 ** the effect of calling this function depends on the value of the first
12985 ** parameter.
12986 **
12987 ** <dl>
12988 ** <dt>SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE<dd>
12989 **    By default, the sessions module streaming interfaces attempt to input
12990 **    and output data in approximately 1 KiB chunks. This operand may be used
12991 **    to set and query the value of this configuration setting. The pointer
12992 **    passed as the second argument must point to a value of type (int).
12993 **    If this value is greater than 0, it is used as the new streaming data
12994 **    chunk size for both input and output. Before returning, the (int) value
12995 **    pointed to by pArg is set to the final value of the streaming interface
12996 **    chunk size.
12997 ** </dl>
12998 **
12999 ** This function returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
13000 ** otherwise.
13001 */
13002 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_config(int op, void *pArg);
13003 
13004 /*
13005 ** CAPI3REF: Values for sqlite3session_config().
13006 */
13007 #define SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE 1
13008 
13009 /*
13010 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
13011 */
13012 #ifdef __cplusplus
13013 }
13014 #endif
13015 
13016 #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
13017 
13018 /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
13019 /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
13020 /*
13021 ** 2014 May 31
13022 **
13023 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
13024 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
13025 **
13026 **    May you do good and not evil.
13027 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
13028 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
13029 **
13030 ******************************************************************************
13031 **
13032 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
13033 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
13034 **
13035 **     * custom tokenizers, and
13036 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
13037 */
13038 
13039 
13040 #ifndef _FTS5_H
13041 #define _FTS5_H
13042 
13043 
13044 #ifdef __cplusplus
13045 extern "C" {
13046 #endif
13047 
13048 /*************************************************************************
13049 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
13050 **
13051 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
13052 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
13053 */
13054 
13055 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
13056 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
13057 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
13058 
13059 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
13060   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
13061   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
13062   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
13063   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
13064   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
13065 );
13066 
13067 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
13068   const unsigned char *a;
13069   const unsigned char *b;
13070 };
13071 
13072 /*
13073 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
13074 **
13075 ** xUserData(pFts):
13076 **   Return a copy of the pUserData pointer passed to the xCreateFunction()
13077 **   API when the extension function was registered.
13078 **
13079 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
13080 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
13081 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
13082 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
13083 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
13084 **   the FTS5 table.
13085 **
13086 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
13087 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
13088 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
13089 **   returned.
13090 **
13091 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
13092 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
13093 **
13094 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
13095 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
13096 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
13097 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
13098 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
13099 **
13100 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
13101 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
13102 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
13103 **   returned.
13104 **
13105 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
13106 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
13107 **
13108 ** xColumnText:
13109 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
13110 **   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
13111 **
13112 **   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of
13113 **   the current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
13114 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
13115 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
13116 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
13117 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
13118 **
13119 ** xPhraseCount:
13120 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
13121 **
13122 ** xPhraseSize:
13123 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
13124 **   number of phrases in the current query, as returned by xPhraseCount,
13125 **   0 is returned. Otherwise, this function returns the number of tokens in
13126 **   phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases are numbered starting from zero.
13127 **
13128 ** xInstCount:
13129 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
13130 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
13131 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
13132 **
13133 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13134 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
13135 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
13136 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
13137 **
13138 ** xInst:
13139 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
13140 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
13141 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
13142 **   output by xInstCount(). If iIdx is less than zero or greater than
13143 **   or equal to the value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
13144 **
13145 **   Otherwise, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
13146 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
13147 **   first token of the phrase. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an
13148 **   error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
13149 **
13150 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13151 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
13152 **
13153 ** xRowid:
13154 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
13155 **
13156 ** xTokenize:
13157 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
13158 **
13159 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
13160 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
13161 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
13162 **
13163 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
13164 **
13165 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
13166 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
13167 **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
13168 **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
13169 **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
13170 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
13171 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
13172 **   the third argument to pUserData.
13173 **
13174 **   If parameter iPhrase is less than zero, or greater than or equal to
13175 **   the number of phrases in the query, as returned by xPhraseCount(),
13176 **   this function returns SQLITE_RANGE.
13177 **
13178 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
13179 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
13180 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
13181 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
13182 **
13183 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
13184 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
13185 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
13186 **
13187 **
13188 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
13189 **
13190 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension function's
13191 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
13192 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
13193 **   the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
13194 **
13195 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
13196 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
13197 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
13198 **   single auxiliary data context.
13199 **
13200 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
13201 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
13202 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
13203 **   point.
13204 **
13205 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
13206 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
13207 **
13208 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function,
13209 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
13210 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
13211 **   pointer before returning.
13212 **
13213 **
13214 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
13215 **
13216 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
13217 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
13218 **
13219 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
13220 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
13221 **   if any, is not invoked.
13222 **
13223 **
13224 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
13225 **
13226 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
13227 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
13228 **
13229 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
13230 **
13231 ** xPhraseFirst()
13232 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
13233 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
13234 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
13235 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
13236 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
13237 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
13238 **
13239 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
13240 **       int iCol, iOff;
13241 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
13242 **           iCol>=0;
13243 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
13244 **       ){
13245 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
13246 **       }
13247 **
13248 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
13249 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
13250 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
13251 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
13252 **
13253 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13254 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
13255 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
13256 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
13257 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
13258 **
13259 **   In all cases, matches are visited in (column ASC, offset ASC) order.
13260 **   i.e. all those in column 0, sorted by offset, followed by those in
13261 **   column 1, etc.
13262 **
13263 ** xPhraseNext()
13264 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
13265 **
13266 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
13267 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
13268 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
13269 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
13270 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
13271 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
13272 **
13273 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
13274 **       int iCol;
13275 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
13276 **           iCol>=0;
13277 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
13278 **       ){
13279 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
13280 **       }
13281 **
13282 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13283 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
13284 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
13285 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
13286 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
13287 **
13288 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
13289 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
13290 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
13291 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
13292 **   "detail=column" tables.
13293 **
13294 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
13295 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
13296 **
13297 ** xQueryToken(pFts5, iPhrase, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
13298 **   This is used to access token iToken of phrase iPhrase of the current
13299 **   query. Before returning, output parameter *ppToken is set to point
13300 **   to a buffer containing the requested token, and *pnToken to the
13301 **   size of this buffer in bytes.
13302 **
13303 **   If iPhrase or iToken are less than zero, or if iPhrase is greater than
13304 **   or equal to the number of phrases in the query as reported by
13305 **   xPhraseCount(), or if iToken is equal to or greater than the number of
13306 **   tokens in the phrase, SQLITE_RANGE is returned and *ppToken and *pnToken
13307      are both zeroed.
13308 **
13309 **   The output text is not a copy of the query text that specified the
13310 **   token. It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1
13311 **   tables, this includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
13312 **
13313 ** xInstToken(pFts5, iIdx, iToken, ppToken, pnToken)
13314 **   This is used to access token iToken of phrase hit iIdx within the
13315 **   current row. If iIdx is less than zero or greater than or equal to the
13316 **   value returned by xInstCount(), SQLITE_RANGE is returned.  Otherwise,
13317 **   output variable (*ppToken) is set to point to a buffer containing the
13318 **   matching document token, and (*pnToken) to the size of that buffer in
13319 **   bytes.
13320 **
13321 **   The output text is not a copy of the document text that was tokenized.
13322 **   It is the output of the tokenizer module. For tokendata=1 tables, this
13323 **   includes any embedded 0x00 and trailing data.
13324 **
13325 **   This API may be slow in some cases if the token identified by parameters
13326 **   iIdx and iToken matched a prefix token in the query. In most cases, the
13327 **   first call to this API for each prefix token in the query is forced
13328 **   to scan the portion of the full-text index that matches the prefix
13329 **   token to collect the extra data required by this API. If the prefix
13330 **   token matches a large number of token instances in the document set,
13331 **   this may be a performance problem.
13332 **
13333 **   If the user knows in advance that a query may use this API for a
13334 **   prefix token, FTS5 may be configured to collect all required data as part
13335 **   of the initial querying of the full-text index, avoiding the second scan
13336 **   entirely. This also causes prefix queries that do not use this API to
13337 **   run more slowly and use more memory. FTS5 may be configured in this way
13338 **   either on a per-table basis using the [FTS5 insttoken | 'insttoken']
13339 **   option, or on a per-query basis using the
13340 **   [fts5_insttoken | fts5_insttoken()] user function.
13341 **
13342 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
13343 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
13344 **
13345 ** xColumnLocale(pFts5, iIdx, pzLocale, pnLocale)
13346 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
13347 **   number of columns in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned.
13348 **
13349 **   Otherwise, this function attempts to retrieve the locale associated
13350 **   with column iCol of the current row. Usually, there is no associated
13351 **   locale, and output parameters (*pzLocale) and (*pnLocale) are set
13352 **   to NULL and 0, respectively. However, if the fts5_locale() function
13353 **   was used to associate a locale with the value when it was inserted
13354 **   into the fts5 table, then (*pzLocale) is set to point to a nul-terminated
13355 **   buffer containing the name of the locale in utf-8 encoding. (*pnLocale)
13356 **   is set to the size in bytes of the buffer, not including the
13357 **   nul-terminator.
13358 **
13359 **   If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Or, if an error occurs, an
13360 **   SQLite error code is returned. The final value of the output parameters
13361 **   is undefined in this case.
13362 **
13363 ** xTokenize_v2:
13364 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table. This
13365 **   API is the same as the xTokenize() API, except that it allows a tokenizer
13366 **   locale to be specified.
13367 */
13368 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
13369   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 4 */
13370 
13371   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
13372 
13373   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
13374   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
13375   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
13376 
13377   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
13378     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
13379     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
13380     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
13381   );
13382 
13383   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
13384   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
13385 
13386   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
13387   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
13388 
13389   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
13390   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
13391   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
13392 
13393   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
13394     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
13395   );
13396   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
13397   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
13398 
13399   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
13400   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
13401 
13402   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
13403   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
13404 
13405   /* Below this point are iVersion>=3 only */
13406   int (*xQueryToken)(Fts5Context*,
13407       int iPhrase, int iToken,
13408       const char **ppToken, int *pnToken
13409   );
13410   int (*xInstToken)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int iToken, const char**, int*);
13411 
13412   /* Below this point are iVersion>=4 only */
13413   int (*xColumnLocale)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
13414   int (*xTokenize_v2)(Fts5Context*,
13415     const char *pText, int nText,      /* Text to tokenize */
13416     const char *pLocale, int nLocale,  /* Locale to pass to tokenizer */
13417     void *pCtx,                        /* Context passed to xToken() */
13418     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
13419   );
13420 };
13421 
13422 /*
13423 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
13424 *************************************************************************/
13425 
13426 /*************************************************************************
13427 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
13428 **
13429 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
13430 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
13431 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
13432 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
13433 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
13434 **
13435 ** xCreate:
13436 **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
13437 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
13438 **
13439 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
13440 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer_v2 object
13441 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
13442 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
13443 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
13444 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
13445 **   to create the FTS5 table.
13446 **
13447 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
13448 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
13449 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
13450 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
13451 **   is undefined.
13452 **
13453 ** xDelete:
13454 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
13455 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
13456 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
13457 **
13458 ** xTokenize:
13459 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
13460 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
13461 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
13462 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
13463 **
13464 **   The third argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
13465 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
13466 **   four values:
13467 **
13468 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
13469 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
13470 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
13471 **            FTS index.
13472 **
13473 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
13474 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
13475 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
13476 **
13477 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
13478 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
13479 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
13480 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
13481 **
13482 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
13483 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
13484 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
13485 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
13486 **   </ul>
13487 **
13488 **   The sixth and seventh arguments passed to xTokenize() - pLocale and
13489 **   nLocale - are a pointer to a buffer containing the locale to use for
13490 **   tokenization (e.g. "en_US") and its size in bytes, respectively. The
13491 **   pLocale buffer is not nul-terminated. pLocale may be passed NULL (in
13492 **   which case nLocale is always 0) to indicate that the tokenizer should
13493 **   use its default locale.
13494 **
13495 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
13496 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
13497 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
13498 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
13499 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
13500 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
13501 **   which the token is derived within the input.
13502 **
13503 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
13504 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
13505 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
13506 **
13507 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
13508 **   order that they occur within the input text.
13509 **
13510 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
13511 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
13512 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
13513 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
13514 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
13515 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
13516 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
13517 **
13518 **   If the tokenizer is registered using an fts5_tokenizer_v2 object,
13519 **   then the xTokenize() method has two additional arguments - pLocale
13520 **   and nLocale. These specify the locale that the tokenizer should use
13521 **   for the current request. If pLocale and nLocale are both 0, then the
13522 **   tokenizer should use its default locale. Otherwise, pLocale points to
13523 **   an nLocale byte buffer containing the name of the locale to use as utf-8
13524 **   text. pLocale is not nul-terminated.
13525 **
13526 ** FTS5_TOKENIZER
13527 **
13528 ** There is also an fts5_tokenizer object. This is an older, deprecated,
13529 ** version of fts5_tokenizer_v2. It is similar except that:
13530 **
13531 **  <ul>
13532 **    <li> There is no "iVersion" field, and
13533 **    <li> The xTokenize() method does not take a locale argument.
13534 **  </ul>
13535 **
13536 ** Legacy fts5_tokenizer tokenizers must be registered using the
13537 ** legacy xCreateTokenizer() function, instead of xCreateTokenizer_v2().
13538 **
13539 ** Tokenizer implementations registered using either API may be retrieved
13540 ** using both xFindTokenizer() and xFindTokenizer_v2().
13541 **
13542 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
13543 **
13544 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
13545 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
13546 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
13547 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
13548 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
13549 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
13550 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
13551 **
13552 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
13553 **
13554 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, using
13555 **            the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
13556 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
13557 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
13558 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
13559 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
13560 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
13561 **            as expected.
13562 **
13563 **       <li> By querying the index for all synonyms of each query term
13564 **            separately. In this case, when tokenizing query text, the
13565 **            tokenizer may provide multiple synonyms for a single term
13566 **            within the document. FTS5 then queries the index for each
13567 **            synonym individually. For example, faced with the query:
13568 **
13569 **   <codeblock>
13570 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
13571 **
13572 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
13573 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
13574 **            similar to:
13575 **
13576 **   <codeblock>
13577 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
13578 **
13579 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
13580 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
13581 **            being treated as a single phrase.
13582 **
13583 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
13584 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
13585 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
13586 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
13587 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
13588 **            "place".
13589 **
13590 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
13591 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do so would be
13592 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
13593 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entries in the
13594 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
13595 **   </ol>
13596 **
13597 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
13598 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
13599 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
13600 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
13601 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
13602 **
13603 **   <codeblock>
13604 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
13605 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
13606 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
13607 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
13608 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
13609 **</codeblock>
13610 **
13611 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
13612 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
13613 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
13614 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
13615 **   single token.
13616 **
13617 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
13618 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
13619 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
13620 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
13621 **   token "first" is substituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
13622 **
13623 **   <codeblock>
13624 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
13625 **
13626 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
13627 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
13628 **
13629 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
13630 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
13631 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
13632 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
13633 **   within the database.
13634 **
13635 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
13636 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
13637 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
13638 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
13639 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
13640 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
13641 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
13642 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
13643 **
13644 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
13645 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (3)) or query
13646 **   text (method (2)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
13647 **   inefficient.
13648 */
13649 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
13650 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer_v2 fts5_tokenizer_v2;
13651 struct fts5_tokenizer_v2 {
13652   int iVersion;             /* Currently always 2 */
13653 
13654   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
13655   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
13656   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
13657       void *pCtx,
13658       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
13659       const char *pText, int nText,
13660       const char *pLocale, int nLocale,
13661       int (*xToken)(
13662         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
13663         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
13664         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
13665         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
13666         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
13667         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
13668       )
13669   );
13670 };
13671 
13672 /*
13673 ** New code should use the fts5_tokenizer_v2 type to define tokenizer
13674 ** implementations. The following type is included for legacy applications
13675 ** that still use it.
13676 */
13677 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
13678 struct fts5_tokenizer {
13679   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
13680   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
13681   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
13682       void *pCtx,
13683       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
13684       const char *pText, int nText,
13685       int (*xToken)(
13686         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
13687         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
13688         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
13689         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
13690         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
13691         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
13692       )
13693   );
13694 };
13695 
13696 
13697 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
13698 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
13699 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
13700 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
13701 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
13702 
13703 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
13704 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
13705 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
13706 
13707 /*
13708 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
13709 *************************************************************************/
13710 
13711 /*************************************************************************
13712 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
13713 */
13714 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
13715 struct fts5_api {
13716   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
13717 
13718   /* Create a new tokenizer */
13719   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
13720     fts5_api *pApi,
13721     const char *zName,
13722     void *pUserData,
13723     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
13724     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13725   );
13726 
13727   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
13728   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
13729     fts5_api *pApi,
13730     const char *zName,
13731     void **ppUserData,
13732     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
13733   );
13734 
13735   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
13736   int (*xCreateFunction)(
13737     fts5_api *pApi,
13738     const char *zName,
13739     void *pUserData,
13740     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
13741     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13742   );
13743 
13744   /* APIs below this point are only available if iVersion>=3 */
13745 
13746   /* Create a new tokenizer */
13747   int (*xCreateTokenizer_v2)(
13748     fts5_api *pApi,
13749     const char *zName,
13750     void *pUserData,
13751     fts5_tokenizer_v2 *pTokenizer,
13752     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
13753   );
13754 
13755   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
13756   int (*xFindTokenizer_v2)(
13757     fts5_api *pApi,
13758     const char *zName,
13759     void **ppUserData,
13760     fts5_tokenizer_v2 **ppTokenizer
13761   );
13762 };
13763 
13764 /*
13765 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
13766 *************************************************************************/
13767 
13768 #ifdef __cplusplus
13769 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
13770 #endif
13771 
13772 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
13773 
13774 /******** End of fts5.h *********/
13775 #endif /* SQLITE3_H */
13776