xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision 8ef24a0d4b28fe230e20637f56869cc4148cd2ca)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34 #define _SQLITE3_H_
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
58 # define SQLITE_STDCALL
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
63 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
64 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
65 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
66 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
67 **
68 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
69 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
70 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
71 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
72 ** noop macros.
73 */
74 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
75 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
76 
77 /*
78 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
79 */
80 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
81 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
82 #endif
83 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
84 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
85 #endif
86 
87 /*
88 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
89 **
90 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
91 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
92 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
93 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
94 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
95 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
96 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
97 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
98 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
99 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
100 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
101 **
102 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
103 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
104 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
105 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
106 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
107 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
108 ** hash of the entire source tree.
109 **
110 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
111 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
112 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
113 */
114 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.12.1"
115 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3012001
116 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2016-04-08 15:09:49 fe7d3b75fe1bde41511b323925af8ae1b910bc4d"
117 
118 /*
119 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
120 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
121 **
122 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
123 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
124 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
125 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
126 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
127 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
128 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
129 **
130 ** <blockquote><pre>
131 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
132 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
133 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
134 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
135 **
136 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
137 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
138 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
139 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
140 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
141 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
142 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
143 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
144 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
145 **
146 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
147 */
148 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
149 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion(void);
150 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sourceid(void);
151 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
152 
153 /*
154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
155 **
156 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
157 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
158 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
159 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
160 **
161 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
162 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
163 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
164 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
165 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
166 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
167 **
168 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
169 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
170 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
171 **
172 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
173 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
174 */
175 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
176 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
177 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
178 #endif
179 
180 /*
181 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
182 **
183 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
184 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
185 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
186 **
187 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
188 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
189 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
190 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
191 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
192 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
193 **
194 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
195 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
196 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
197 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
198 **
199 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
200 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
201 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
202 **
203 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
204 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
205 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
206 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
207 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
208 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
209 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
210 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
211 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
212 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
213 **
214 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
215 */
216 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
217 
218 /*
219 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
220 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
221 **
222 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
223 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
224 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
225 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
226 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
227 ** interfaces (such as
228 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
229 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
230 ** sqlite3 object.
231 */
232 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
233 
234 /*
235 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
236 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
237 **
238 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
239 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
240 **
241 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
242 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
243 ** compatibility only.
244 **
245 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
246 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
247 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
248 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
249 */
250 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
251   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
252   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
253 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
254   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
255   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
256 #else
257   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
258   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
259 #endif
260 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
261 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
262 
263 /*
264 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
265 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
266 */
267 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
268 # define double sqlite3_int64
269 #endif
270 
271 /*
272 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
273 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
274 **
275 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
276 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
277 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
278 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
279 ** resources are deallocated.
280 **
281 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
282 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
283 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
284 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
285 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
286 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
287 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
288 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
289 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
290 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
291 **
292 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
293 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
294 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
295 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
296 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
297 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
298 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
299 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
300 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
301 **
302 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
303 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
304 **
305 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
306 ** must be either a NULL
307 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
308 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
309 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
310 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
311 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
312 */
313 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
314 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
315 
316 /*
317 ** The type for a callback function.
318 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
319 ** compatibility and is not documented.
320 */
321 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
322 
323 /*
324 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
325 ** METHOD: sqlite3
326 **
327 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
328 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
329 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
330 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
331 **
332 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
333 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
334 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
335 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
336 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
337 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
338 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
339 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
340 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
341 ** ignored.
342 **
343 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
344 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
345 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
346 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
347 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
348 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
349 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
350 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
351 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
352 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
353 ** NULL before returning.
354 **
355 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
356 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
357 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
358 **
359 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
360 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
361 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
362 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
363 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
364 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
365 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
366 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
367 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
368 **
369 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
370 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
371 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
372 ** is not changed.
373 **
374 ** Restrictions:
375 **
376 ** <ul>
377 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
378 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
379 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
380 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
381 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
382 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
383 ** </ul>
384 */
385 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_exec(
386   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
387   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
388   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
389   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
390   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
391 );
392 
393 /*
394 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
395 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
396 **
397 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
398 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
399 **
400 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
401 **
402 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
403 */
404 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
405 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
406 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
407 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
408 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
409 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
410 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
411 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
412 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
413 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
414 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
415 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
416 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
417 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
418 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
419 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
420 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
421 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
422 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
423 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
424 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
425 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
426 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
427 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
428 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
429 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
430 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
431 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
432 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
433 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
434 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
435 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
436 /* end-of-error-codes */
437 
438 /*
439 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
440 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
441 **
442 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
443 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
444 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
445 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
446 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
447 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
448 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
449 ** on a per database connection basis using the
450 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
451 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
452 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
453 */
454 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
455 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
456 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
457 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
458 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
459 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
460 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
461 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
462 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
509 
510 /*
511 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
512 **
513 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
514 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
515 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
516 */
517 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
518 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
519 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
520 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
521 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
522 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
523 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
524 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
525 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
526 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
529 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
530 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
531 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
532 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
533 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
535 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
536 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
537 
538 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
539 
540 /*
541 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
542 **
543 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
544 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
545 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
546 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
547 ** refers to.
548 **
549 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
550 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
551 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
552 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
553 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
554 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
555 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
556 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
557 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
558 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
559 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
560 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
561 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
562 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
563 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
564 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
565 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
566 ** elevated privileges.
567 */
568 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
569 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
570 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
571 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
572 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
573 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
574 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
575 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
576 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
577 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
578 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
579 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
580 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
581 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
582 
583 /*
584 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
585 **
586 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
587 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
588 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
589 */
590 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
591 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
592 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
593 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
594 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
595 
596 /*
597 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
598 **
599 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
600 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
601 ** these integer values as the second argument.
602 **
603 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
604 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
605 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
606 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
607 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
608 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
609 **
610 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
611 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
612 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
613 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
614 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
615 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
616 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
617 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
618 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
619 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
620 ** cares about the difference.)
621 */
622 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
623 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
624 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
625 
626 /*
627 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
628 **
629 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
630 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
631 ** implementations will
632 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
633 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
634 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
635 ** I/O operations on the open file.
636 */
637 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
638 struct sqlite3_file {
639   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
640 };
641 
642 /*
643 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
644 **
645 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
646 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
647 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
648 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
649 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
650 **
651 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
652 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
653 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
654 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
655 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
656 ** to NULL.
657 **
658 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
659 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
660 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
661 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
662 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
663 **
664 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
665 ** <ul>
666 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
667 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
668 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
669 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
670 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
671 ** </ul>
672 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
673 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
674 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
675 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
676 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
677 **
678 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
679 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
680 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
681 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
682 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
683 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
684 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
685 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
686 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
687 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
688 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
689 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
690 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
691 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
692 ** recognize.
693 **
694 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
695 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
696 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
697 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
698 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
699 ** underlying device:
700 **
701 ** <ul>
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
704 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
705 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
706 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
707 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
708 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
709 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
710 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
711 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
712 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
713 ** </ul>
714 **
715 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
716 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
717 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
718 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
719 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
720 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
721 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
722 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
723 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
724 ** to xWrite().
725 **
726 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
727 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
728 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
729 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
730 ** database corruption.
731 */
732 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
733 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
734   int iVersion;
735   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
736   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
737   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
738   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
739   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
740   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
741   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
742   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
743   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
744   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
745   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
746   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
747   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
748   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
749   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
750   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
751   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
752   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
753   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
754   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
755   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
756   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
757 };
758 
759 /*
760 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
761 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
762 **
763 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
764 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
765 ** interface.
766 **
767 ** <ul>
768 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
769 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
770 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
771 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
772 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
773 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
774 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
775 ** compile-time option is used.
776 **
777 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
778 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
779 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
780 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
781 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
782 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
783 ** file run faster.
784 **
785 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
786 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
787 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
788 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
789 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
790 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
791 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
792 ** improve performance on some systems.
793 **
794 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
795 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
796 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
797 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
798 **
799 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
800 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
801 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
802 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
803 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
804 **
805 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
806 ** No longer in use.
807 **
808 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
809 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
810 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
811 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
812 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
813 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
814 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
815 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
816 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
817 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
818 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
819 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
820 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
821 **
822 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
823 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
824 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
825 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
826 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
827 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
828 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
829 **
830 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
831 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
832 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
833 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
834 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
835 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
836 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
837 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
838 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
839 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
840 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
841 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
842 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
843 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
844 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
845 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
846 **
847 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
848 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
849 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
850 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
851 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
852 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
853 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
854 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
855 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
856 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
857 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
858 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
859 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
860 ** WAL persistence setting.
861 **
862 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
863 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
864 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
865 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
866 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
867 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
868 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
869 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
870 ** zero-damage mode setting.
871 **
872 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
873 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
874 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
875 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
876 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
877 **
878 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
879 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
880 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
881 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
882 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
883 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
884 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
885 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
886 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
887 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
888 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
889 **
890 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
891 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
892 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
893 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
894 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
895 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
896 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
897 ** upper-most shim only.
898 **
899 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
900 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
901 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
902 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
903 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
904 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
905 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
906 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
907 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
908 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
909 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
910 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
911 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
912 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
913 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
914 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
915 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
916 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
917 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
918 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
919 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
920 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
921 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
922 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
923 **
924 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
925 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
926 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
927 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
928 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
929 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
930 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
931 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
932 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
933 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
934 ** current operation.
935 **
936 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
937 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
938 ** to have SQLite generate a
939 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
940 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
941 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
942 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
943 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
944 **
945 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
946 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
947 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
948 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
949 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
950 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
951 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
952 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
953 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
954 **
955 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
956 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
957 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
958 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
959 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
960 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
961 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
962 **
963 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
964 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
965 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
966 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
967 ** was first opened.
968 **
969 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
970 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
971 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
972 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
973 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
974 **
975 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
976 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
977 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
978 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
979 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
980 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
981 **
982 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
983 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
984 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
985 **
986 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
987 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
988 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
989 ** this opcode.
990 ** </ul>
991 */
992 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
993 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
994 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
995 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
996 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
997 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
998 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
999 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1000 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1001 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1002 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1003 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1004 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1005 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1006 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1007 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1008 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1009 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1010 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1011 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1012 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1013 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1014 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1015 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1016 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1017 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1018 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1019 
1020 /* deprecated names */
1021 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1022 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1023 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1024 
1025 
1026 /*
1027 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1028 **
1029 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1030 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1031 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1032 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1033 **
1034 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1035 */
1036 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1037 
1038 /*
1039 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1040 **
1041 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1042 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1043 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1044 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1045 **
1046 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1047 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1048 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1049 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1050 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1051 ** modified.
1052 **
1053 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1054 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1055 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1056 **
1057 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1058 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1059 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1060 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1061 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1062 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1063 **
1064 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1065 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1066 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1067 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1068 ** object once the object has been registered.
1069 **
1070 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1071 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1072 **
1073 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1074 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1075 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1076 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1077 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1078 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1079 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1080 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1081 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1082 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1083 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1084 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1085 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1086 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1087 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1088 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1089 **
1090 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1091 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1092 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1093 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1094 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1095 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1096 **
1097 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1098 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1099 **
1100 ** <ul>
1101 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1102 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1103 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1104 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1105 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1106 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1107 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1108 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1109 ** </ul>)^
1110 **
1111 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1112 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1113 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1114 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1115 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1116 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1117 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1118 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1119 **
1120 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1121 **
1122 ** <ul>
1123 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1124 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1125 ** </ul>
1126 **
1127 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1128 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1129 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1130 ** databases, and subjournals.
1131 **
1132 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1133 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1134 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1135 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1136 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1137 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1138 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1139 ** for exclusive access.
1140 **
1141 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1142 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1143 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1144 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1145 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1146 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1147 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1148 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1149 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1150 **
1151 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1152 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1153 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1154 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1155 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1156 ** directory.
1157 **
1158 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1159 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1160 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1161 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1162 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1163 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1164 **
1165 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1166 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1167 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1168 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1169 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1170 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1171 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1172 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1173 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1174 ** a floating point value.
1175 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1176 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1177 ** a 24-hour day).
1178 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1179 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1180 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1181 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1182 **
1183 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1184 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1185 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1186 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1187 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1188 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1189 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1190 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1191 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1192 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1193 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1194 */
1195 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1196 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1197 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1198   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1199   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1200   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1201   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1202   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1203   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1204   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1205                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1206   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1207   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1208   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1209   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1210   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1211   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1212   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1213   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1214   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1215   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1216   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1217   /*
1218   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1219   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1220   */
1221   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1222   /*
1223   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1224   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1225   */
1226   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1227   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1228   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1229   /*
1230   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1231   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1232   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1233   */
1234 };
1235 
1236 /*
1237 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1238 **
1239 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1240 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1241 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1242 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1243 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1244 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1245 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1246 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1247 ** the directory).
1248 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1249 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1250 ** release of SQLite.
1251 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1252 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1253 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1254 ** SQLite.
1255 */
1256 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1257 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1258 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1259 
1260 /*
1261 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1262 **
1263 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1264 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1265 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1266 ** xShmLock method:
1267 **
1268 ** <ul>
1269 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1270 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1271 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1272 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1273 ** </ul>
1274 **
1275 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1276 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1277 **
1278 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1279 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1280 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1281 */
1282 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1283 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1284 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1285 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1286 
1287 /*
1288 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1289 **
1290 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1291 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1292 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1293 ** lock outside of this range
1294 */
1295 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1296 
1297 
1298 /*
1299 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1300 **
1301 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1302 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1303 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1304 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1305 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1306 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1307 **
1308 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1309 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1310 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1311 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1312 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1313 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1314 **
1315 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1316 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1317 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1318 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1319 **
1320 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1321 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1322 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1323 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1324 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1325 **
1326 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1327 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1328 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1329 **
1330 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1331 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1332 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1333 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1334 **
1335 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1336 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1337 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1338 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1339 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1340 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1341 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1342 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1343 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1344 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1345 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1346 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1347 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1348 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1349 **
1350 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1351 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1352 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1353 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1354 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1355 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1356 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1357 **
1358 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1359 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1360 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1361 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1362 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1363 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1364 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1365 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1366 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1367 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1368 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1369 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1370 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1371 ** failure.
1372 */
1373 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_initialize(void);
1374 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1375 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_init(void);
1376 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_end(void);
1377 
1378 /*
1379 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1380 **
1381 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1382 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1383 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1384 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1385 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1386 **
1387 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1388 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1389 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1390 **
1391 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
1392 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1393 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1394 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1395 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1396 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1397 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1398 **
1399 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1400 ** [configuration option] that determines
1401 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1402 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1403 ** in the first argument.
1404 **
1405 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1406 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1407 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1408 */
1409 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1410 
1411 /*
1412 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1413 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1414 **
1415 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1416 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1417 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1418 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1419 **
1420 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1421 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1422 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1423 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1424 **
1425 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1426 ** the call is considered successful.
1427 */
1428 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1429 
1430 /*
1431 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1432 **
1433 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1434 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1435 **
1436 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1437 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1438 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1439 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1440 ** By creating an instance of this object
1441 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1442 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1443 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1444 ** dynamic memory needs.
1445 **
1446 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1447 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1448 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1449 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1450 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1451 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1452 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1453 ** conditions.
1454 **
1455 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1456 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1457 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1458 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1459 **
1460 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1461 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1462 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1463 **
1464 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1465 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1466 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1467 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1468 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1469 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1470 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1471 **
1472 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1473 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1474 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1475 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1476 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1477 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1478 **
1479 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1480 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1481 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1482 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1483 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1484 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1485 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1486 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1487 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1488 ** serialization.
1489 **
1490 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1491 ** call to xShutdown().
1492 */
1493 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1494 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1495   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1496   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1497   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1498   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1499   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1500   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1501   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1502   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1503 };
1504 
1505 /*
1506 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1507 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1508 **
1509 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1510 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1511 **
1512 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1513 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1514 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1515 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1516 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1517 ** is invoked.
1518 **
1519 ** <dl>
1520 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1521 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1522 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1523 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1524 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1525 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1526 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1527 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1528 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1529 ** configuration option.</dd>
1530 **
1531 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1532 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1533 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1534 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1535 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1536 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1537 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1538 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1539 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1540 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1541 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1542 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1543 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1544 **
1545 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1546 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1547 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1548 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1549 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1550 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1551 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1552 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1553 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1554 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1555 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1556 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1557 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1558 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1559 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1560 **
1561 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1562 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1563 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1564 ** The argument specifies
1565 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1566 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1567 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1568 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1569 **
1570 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1571 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1572 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1573 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1574 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1575 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1576 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1577 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1578 **
1579 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1580 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1581 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1582 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1583 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1584 **   <ul>
1585 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1586 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1587 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1588 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1589 **   </ul>)^
1590 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1591 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1592 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1593 ** </dd>
1594 **
1595 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1596 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1597 ** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1598 ** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1599 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1600 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1601 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1602 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1603 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1604 ** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1605 ** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1606 ** times the database page size.
1607 ** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1608 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1609 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1610 ** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1611 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1612 ** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1613 ** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1614 ** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1615 ** </dd>
1616 **
1617 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1618 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1619 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1620 ** cache implementation.
1621 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1622 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1623 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1624 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1625 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1626 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1627 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1628 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1629 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1630 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1631 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1632 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1633 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1634 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1635 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1636 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1637 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1638 ** is exhausted.
1639 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1640 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1641 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1642 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1643 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1644 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1645 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1646 **
1647 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1648 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1649 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1650 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1651 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1652 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1653 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1654 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1655 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1656 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1657 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1658 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1659 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1660 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1661 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1662 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1663 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1664 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1665 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1666 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1667 **
1668 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1669 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1670 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1671 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1672 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1673 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1674 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1675 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1676 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1677 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1678 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1679 **
1680 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1681 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1682 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1683 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1684 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1685 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1686 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1687 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1688 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1689 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1690 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1691 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1692 **
1693 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1694 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1695 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1696 ** The first argument is the
1697 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1698 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1699 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1700 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1701 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1702 **
1703 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1704 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1705 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1706 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1707 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1708 **
1709 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1710 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1711 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1712 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1713 **
1714 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1715 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1716 ** global [error log].
1717 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1718 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1719 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1720 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1721 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1722 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1723 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1724 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1725 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1726 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1727 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1728 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1729 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1730 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1731 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1732 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1733 **
1734 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1735 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1736 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1737 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1738 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1739 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1740 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1741 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1742 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1743 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1744 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1745 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1746 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1747 **
1748 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1749 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1750 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1751 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1752 ** ^The default setting is determined
1753 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1754 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1755 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1756 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1757 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1758 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1759 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1760 **
1761 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1762 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1763 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1764 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1765 ** </dd>
1766 **
1767 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1768 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1769 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1770 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1771 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1772 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1773 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1774 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1775 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1776 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1777 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1778 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1779 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1780 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1781 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1782 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1783 **
1784 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1785 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1786 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1787 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1788 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1789 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1790 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1791 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1792 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1793 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1794 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1795 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1796 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1797 **
1798 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1799 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1800 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1801 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1802 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1803 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1804 **
1805 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1806 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1807 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1808 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1809 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1810 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1811 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1812 **
1813 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1814 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1815 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1816 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1817 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1818 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1819 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1820 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1821 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1822 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1823 **
1824 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1825 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1826 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1827 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1828 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1829 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1830 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1831 ** exclusively in memory.
1832 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1833 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1834 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1835 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1836 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1837 ** </dl>
1838 */
1839 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1840 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1841 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1842 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1843 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1844 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1845 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1846 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1847 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1848 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1849 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1850 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1851 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1852 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1853 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1854 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1855 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1856 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1857 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1858 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1859 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1860 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1861 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1862 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1863 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1864 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1865 
1866 /*
1867 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1868 **
1869 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1870 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1871 **
1872 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1873 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1874 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1875 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1876 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1877 ** is invoked.
1878 **
1879 ** <dl>
1880 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1881 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1882 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1883 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1884 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1885 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1886 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1887 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1888 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1889 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1890 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1891 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1892 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1893 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1894 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1895 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1896 ** when the "current value" returned by
1897 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1898 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1899 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1900 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1901 **
1902 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1903 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1904 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1905 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1906 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1907 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1908 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1909 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1910 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1911 **
1912 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1913 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1914 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1915 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1916 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1917 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1918 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1919 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1920 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1921 **
1922 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
1923 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
1924 ** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
1925 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
1926 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1927 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
1928 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
1929 ** unchanged.
1930 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1931 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
1932 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1933 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
1934 **
1935 ** </dl>
1936 */
1937 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
1938 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
1939 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
1940 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
1941 
1942 
1943 /*
1944 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1945 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1946 **
1947 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1948 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1949 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1950 */
1951 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1952 
1953 /*
1954 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1955 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1956 **
1957 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1958 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
1959 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1960 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1961 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1962 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1963 ** is another alias for the rowid.
1964 **
1965 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1966 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1967 ** on database connection D.
1968 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1969 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1970 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1971 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1972 **
1973 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1974 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1975 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1976 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1977 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1978 ** table method began.)^
1979 **
1980 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1981 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1982 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1983 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1984 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1985 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1986 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1987 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1988 ** the return value of this interface.)^
1989 **
1990 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1991 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1992 **
1993 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1994 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1995 **
1996 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1997 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1998 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1999 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2000 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2001 ** last insert [rowid].
2002 */
2003 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2004 
2005 /*
2006 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2007 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2008 **
2009 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2010 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2011 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2012 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2013 ** returned by this function.
2014 **
2015 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2016 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2017 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2018 **
2019 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2020 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2021 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2022 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2023 ** tables are counted.
2024 **
2025 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2026 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2027 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2028 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2029 **
2030 ** <ul>
2031 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2032 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2033 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2034 **
2035 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2036 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2037 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2038 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2039 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2040 ** </ul>
2041 **
2042 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2043 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2044 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2045 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2046 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2047 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2048 **
2049 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2050 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2051 **
2052 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2053 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2054 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2055 */
2056 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2057 
2058 /*
2059 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2060 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2061 **
2062 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2063 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2064 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2065 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2066 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2067 **
2068 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2069 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2070 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2071 ** are not counted.
2072 **
2073 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2074 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2075 **
2076 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2077 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2078 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2079 */
2080 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2081 
2082 /*
2083 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2084 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2085 **
2086 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2087 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2088 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2089 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2090 ** immediately.
2091 **
2092 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2093 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2094 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2095 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2096 **
2097 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2098 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2099 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2100 **
2101 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2102 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2103 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2104 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2105 **
2106 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2107 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2108 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2109 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2110 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2111 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2112 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2113 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2114 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2115 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2116 **
2117 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2118 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2119 */
2120 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2121 
2122 /*
2123 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2124 **
2125 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2126 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2127 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2128 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2129 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2130 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2131 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2132 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2133 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2134 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2135 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2136 **
2137 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2138 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2139 **
2140 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2141 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2142 **
2143 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2144 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2145 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2146 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2147 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2148 **
2149 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2150 ** UTF-8 string.
2151 **
2152 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2153 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2154 */
2155 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2156 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2157 
2158 /*
2159 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2160 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2161 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2162 **
2163 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2164 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2165 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2166 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2167 ** or process has the table locked.
2168 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2169 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2170 **
2171 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2172 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2173 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2174 **
2175 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2176 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2177 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2178 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2179 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2180 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2181 ** to the application.
2182 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2183 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2184 **
2185 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2186 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2187 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2188 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2189 ** busy handler.
2190 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2191 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2192 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2193 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2194 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2195 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2196 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2197 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2198 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2199 ** the second process to proceed.
2200 **
2201 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2202 **
2203 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2204 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2205 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2206 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2207 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2208 **
2209 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2210 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2211 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2212 ** result in undefined behavior.
2213 **
2214 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2215 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2216 */
2217 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2218 
2219 /*
2220 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2221 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2222 **
2223 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2224 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2225 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2226 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2227 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2228 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2229 **
2230 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2231 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2232 **
2233 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2234 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2235 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2236 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2237 **
2238 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2239 */
2240 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2241 
2242 /*
2243 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2244 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2245 **
2246 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2247 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2248 **
2249 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2250 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2251 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2252 **
2253 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2254 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2255 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2256 ** and M be the number of columns.
2257 **
2258 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2259 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2260 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2261 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2262 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2263 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2264 **
2265 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2266 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2267 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2268 **
2269 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2270 ** is as follows:
2271 **
2272 ** <blockquote><pre>
2273 **        Name        | Age
2274 **        -----------------------
2275 **        Alice       | 43
2276 **        Bob         | 28
2277 **        Cindy       | 21
2278 ** </pre></blockquote>
2279 **
2280 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2281 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2282 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2283 **
2284 ** <blockquote><pre>
2285 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2286 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2287 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2288 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2289 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2290 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2291 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2292 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2293 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2294 **
2295 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2296 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2297 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2298 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2299 **
2300 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2301 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2302 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2303 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2304 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2305 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2306 **
2307 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2308 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2309 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2310 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2311 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2312 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2313 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2314 */
2315 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_table(
2316   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2317   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2318   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2319   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2320   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2321   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2322 );
2323 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2324 
2325 /*
2326 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2327 **
2328 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2329 ** from the standard C library.
2330 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2331 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2332 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2333 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2334 **
2335 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2336 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2337 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2338 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2339 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2340 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2341 **
2342 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2343 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2344 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2345 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2346 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2347 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2348 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2349 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2350 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2351 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2352 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2353 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2354 **
2355 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2356 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2357 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2358 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2359 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2360 **
2361 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2362 **
2363 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2364 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2365 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2366 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2367 **
2368 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2369 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2370 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2371 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2372 ** the string.
2373 **
2374 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2375 **
2376 ** <blockquote><pre>
2377 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2378 ** </pre></blockquote>
2379 **
2380 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2381 **
2382 ** <blockquote><pre>
2383 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2384 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2385 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2386 ** </pre></blockquote>
2387 **
2388 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2389 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2390 **
2391 ** <blockquote><pre>
2392 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2393 ** </pre></blockquote>
2394 **
2395 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2396 ** would have looked like this:
2397 **
2398 ** <blockquote><pre>
2399 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2400 ** </pre></blockquote>
2401 **
2402 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2403 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2404 **
2405 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2406 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2407 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2408 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2409 **
2410 ** <blockquote><pre>
2411 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2412 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2413 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2414 ** </pre></blockquote>
2415 **
2416 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2417 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2418 **
2419 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2420 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2421 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2422 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2423 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2424 **
2425 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2426 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2427 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2428 */
2429 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2430 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2431 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2432 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2433 
2434 /*
2435 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2436 **
2437 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2438 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2439 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2440 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2441 **
2442 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2443 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2444 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2445 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2446 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2447 ** a NULL pointer.
2448 **
2449 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2450 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2451 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2452 **
2453 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2454 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2455 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2456 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2457 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2458 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2459 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2460 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2461 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2462 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2463 **
2464 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2465 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2466 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2467 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2468 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2469 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2470 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2471 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2472 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2473 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2474 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2475 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2476 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2477 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2478 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2479 **
2480 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2481 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2482 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2483 **
2484 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2485 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2486 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2487 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2488 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2489 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2490 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2491 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2492 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2493 **
2494 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2495 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2496 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2497 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2498 ** option is used.
2499 **
2500 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2501 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2502 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2503 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2504 **
2505 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2506 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2507 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2508 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2509 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2510 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2511 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2512 **
2513 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2514 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2515 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2516 ** not yet been released.
2517 **
2518 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2519 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2520 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2521 */
2522 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc(int);
2523 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2524 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2525 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2526 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free(void*);
2527 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_msize(void*);
2528 
2529 /*
2530 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2531 **
2532 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2533 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2534 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2535 **
2536 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2537 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2538 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2539 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2540 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2541 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2542 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2543 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2544 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2545 **
2546 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2547 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2548 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2549 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2550 ** prior to the reset.
2551 */
2552 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2553 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2554 
2555 /*
2556 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2557 **
2558 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2559 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2560 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2561 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2562 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2563 **
2564 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2565 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2566 **
2567 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2568 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2569 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2570 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2571 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2572 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2573 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2574 ** method.
2575 */
2576 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2577 
2578 /*
2579 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2580 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2581 **
2582 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2583 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2584 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2585 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2586 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2587 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2588 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2589 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2590 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2591 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2592 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2593 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2594 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2595 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2596 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2597 **
2598 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2599 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2600 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2601 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2602 ** access is denied.
2603 **
2604 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2605 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2606 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2607 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2608 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2609 ** details about the action to be authorized.
2610 **
2611 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2612 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2613 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2614 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2615 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2616 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2617 ** columns of a table.
2618 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2619 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2620 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2621 **
2622 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2623 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2624 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2625 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2626 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2627 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2628 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2629 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2630 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2631 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2632 **
2633 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2634 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2635 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2636 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2637 **
2638 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2639 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2640 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2641 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2642 **
2643 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2644 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2645 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2646 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2647 **
2648 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2649 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2650 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2651 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2652 **
2653 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2654 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2655 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2656 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2657 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2658 */
2659 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2660   sqlite3*,
2661   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2662   void *pUserData
2663 );
2664 
2665 /*
2666 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2667 **
2668 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2669 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2670 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2671 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2672 ** information.
2673 **
2674 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2675 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2676 */
2677 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2678 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2679 
2680 /*
2681 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2682 **
2683 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2684 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2685 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2686 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2687 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2688 **
2689 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2690 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2691 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2692 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2693 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2694 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2695 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2696 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2697 ** top-level SQL code.
2698 */
2699 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2700 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2701 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2702 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2703 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2704 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2705 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2706 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2707 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2708 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2709 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2710 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2711 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2712 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2713 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2714 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2715 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2716 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2717 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2718 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2719 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2720 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2721 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2722 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2723 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2724 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2725 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2726 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2727 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2728 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2729 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2730 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2731 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2732 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2733 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2734 
2735 /*
2736 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2737 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2738 **
2739 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2740 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2741 **
2742 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2743 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2744 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2745 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2746 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2747 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2748 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2749 **
2750 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2751 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2752 **
2753 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2754 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2755 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2756 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2757 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2758 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2759 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2760 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2761 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2762 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2763 */
2764 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2765 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2766    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2767 
2768 /*
2769 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2770 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2771 **
2772 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2773 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2774 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2775 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
2776 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2777 **
2778 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2779 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2780 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2781 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2782 ** handler is disabled.
2783 **
2784 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2785 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2786 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2787 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2788 ** than 1.
2789 **
2790 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2791 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2792 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2793 **
2794 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2795 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2796 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2797 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2798 **
2799 */
2800 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2801 
2802 /*
2803 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2804 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2805 **
2806 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2807 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2808 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2809 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2810 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2811 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2812 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2813 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2814 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2815 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2816 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2817 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2818 **
2819 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2820 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2821 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2822 **
2823 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2824 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2825 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2826 **
2827 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2828 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2829 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2830 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2831 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2832 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2833 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2834 **
2835 ** <dl>
2836 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2837 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2838 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2839 **
2840 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2841 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2842 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2843 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2844 **
2845 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2846 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2847 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2848 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2849 ** </dl>
2850 **
2851 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2852 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2853 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2854 ** then the behavior is undefined.
2855 **
2856 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2857 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2858 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2859 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2860 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2861 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2862 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2863 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2864 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2865 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2866 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2867 **
2868 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2869 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2870 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2871 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2872 **
2873 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2874 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2875 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2876 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2877 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2878 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2879 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2880 **
2881 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2882 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2883 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2884 **
2885 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2886 **
2887 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2888 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2889 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2890 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2891 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2892 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2893 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2894 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2895 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2896 ** information.
2897 **
2898 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2899 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2900 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2901 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2902 ** present, is ignored.
2903 **
2904 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2905 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2906 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2907 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2908 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2909 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2910 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2911 **
2912 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
2913 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2914 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2915 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2916 ** following query parameters:
2917 **
2918 ** <ul>
2919 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2920 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2921 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2922 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2923 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2924 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2925 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2926 **
2927 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2928 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2929 **     an error)^.
2930 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2931 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2932 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2933 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2934 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2935 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2936 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2937 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2938 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2939 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2940 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2941 **
2942 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2943 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2944 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2945 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2946 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2947 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2948 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2949 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2950 **
2951 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2952 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2953 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
2954 **
2955 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2956 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2957 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2958 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2959 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2960 **     processes uses nolock=1.
2961 **
2962 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2963 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2964 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2965 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2966 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2967 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2968 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2969 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2970 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2971 **
2972 ** </ul>
2973 **
2974 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2975 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2976 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2977 ** additional information.
2978 **
2979 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2980 **
2981 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2982 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2983 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2984 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2985 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2986 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2987 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2988 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2989 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2990 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2991 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2992 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2993 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2994 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2995 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2996 **          in URI filenames.
2997 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2998 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2999 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3000 **          default, use a private cache.
3001 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3002 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3003 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3004 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3005 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3006 ** </table>
3007 **
3008 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3009 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3010 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3011 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3012 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3013 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3014 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3015 ** the results are undefined.
3016 **
3017 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3018 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3019 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3020 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3021 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3022 **
3023 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3024 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3025 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3026 **
3027 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3028 */
3029 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open(
3030   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3031   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3032 );
3033 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open16(
3034   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3035   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3036 );
3037 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open_v2(
3038   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3039   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3040   int flags,              /* Flags */
3041   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3042 );
3043 
3044 /*
3045 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3046 **
3047 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3048 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3049 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3050 **
3051 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3052 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3053 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3054 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3055 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3056 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3057 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3058 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3059 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3060 **
3061 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3062 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3063 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3064 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3065 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3066 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3067 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3068 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3069 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3070 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3071 **
3072 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3073 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3074 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3075 ** zero is returned.
3076 **
3077 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3078 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3079 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3080 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3081 ** undesirable.
3082 */
3083 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3084 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3085 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3086 
3087 
3088 /*
3089 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3090 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3091 **
3092 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3093 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3094 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3095 ** API call.
3096 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3097 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3098 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3099 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3100 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3101 ** disabled.
3102 **
3103 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3104 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3105 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3106 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3107 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3108 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3109 **
3110 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3111 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3112 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3113 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3114 **
3115 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3116 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3117 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3118 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3119 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3120 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3121 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3122 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3123 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3124 **
3125 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3126 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3127 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3128 */
3129 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3130 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3131 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3132 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3133 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errstr(int);
3134 
3135 /*
3136 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3137 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3138 **
3139 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3140 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3141 **
3142 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3143 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3144 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3145 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3146 **
3147 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3148 **
3149 ** <ol>
3150 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3151 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3152 **      interfaces.
3153 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3154 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3155 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3156 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3157 ** </ol>
3158 */
3159 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3160 
3161 /*
3162 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3163 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3164 **
3165 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3166 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3167 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3168 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3169 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3170 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3171 **
3172 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3173 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3174 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3175 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3176 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3177 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3178 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3179 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3180 **
3181 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3182 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3183 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3184 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3185 **
3186 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3187 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3188 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3189 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3190 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3191 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3192 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3193 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3194 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3195 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3196 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3197 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3198 **
3199 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3200 */
3201 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3202 
3203 /*
3204 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3205 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3206 **
3207 ** These constants define various performance limits
3208 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3209 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3210 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3211 **
3212 ** <dl>
3213 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3214 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3215 **
3216 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3217 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3218 **
3219 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3220 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3221 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3222 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3223 **
3224 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3225 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3226 **
3227 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3228 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3229 **
3230 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3231 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3232 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3233 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3234 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
3235 **
3236 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3237 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3238 **
3239 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3240 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3241 **
3242 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3243 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3244 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3245 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3246 **
3247 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3248 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3249 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3250 **
3251 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3252 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3253 **
3254 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3255 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3256 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3257 ** </dl>
3258 */
3259 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3260 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3261 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3262 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3263 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3264 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3265 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3266 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3267 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3268 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3269 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3270 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3271 
3272 /*
3273 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3274 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3275 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3276 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3277 **
3278 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3279 ** program using one of these routines.
3280 **
3281 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3282 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3283 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3284 **
3285 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3286 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3287 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3288 ** use UTF-16.
3289 **
3290 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3291 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3292 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3293 ** statement is generated.
3294 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3295 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3296 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3297 ** the nul-terminator.
3298 **
3299 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3300 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3301 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3302 ** what remains uncompiled.
3303 **
3304 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3305 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3306 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3307 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3308 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3309 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3310 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3311 **
3312 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3313 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3314 **
3315 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3316 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3317 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3318 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3319 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3320 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3321 ** behave differently in three ways:
3322 **
3323 ** <ol>
3324 ** <li>
3325 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3326 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3327 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3328 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3329 ** </li>
3330 **
3331 ** <li>
3332 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3333 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3334 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3335 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3336 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3337 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3338 ** </li>
3339 **
3340 ** <li>
3341 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3342 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3343 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3344 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3345 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3346 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3347 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3348 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3349 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3350 ** </li>
3351 ** </ol>
3352 */
3353 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare(
3354   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3355   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3356   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3357   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3358   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3359 );
3360 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3361   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3362   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3363   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3364   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3365   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3366 );
3367 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16(
3368   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3369   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3370   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3371   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3372   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3373 );
3374 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3375   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3376   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3377   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3378   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3379   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3380 );
3381 
3382 /*
3383 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3384 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3385 **
3386 ** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3387 ** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3388 ** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3389 */
3390 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3391 
3392 /*
3393 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3394 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3395 **
3396 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3397 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3398 ** the content of the database file.
3399 **
3400 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3401 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3402 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3403 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3404 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3405 **
3406 ** <blockquote><pre>
3407 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3408 ** </pre></blockquote>
3409 **
3410 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3411 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3412 **
3413 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3414 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3415 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3416 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3417 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3418 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3419 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3420 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3421 */
3422 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3423 
3424 /*
3425 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3426 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3427 **
3428 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3429 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3430 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3431 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3432 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3433 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3434 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3435 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3436 **
3437 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3438 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3439 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3440 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3441 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3442 */
3443 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3444 
3445 /*
3446 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3447 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3448 **
3449 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3450 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3451 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3452 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3453 **
3454 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3455 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3456 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3457 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3458 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3459 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3460 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3461 **
3462 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3463 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3464 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3465 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3466 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3467 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3468 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3469 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3470 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3471 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3472 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3473 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3474 **
3475 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3476 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3477 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3478 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3479 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3480 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3481 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3482 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3483 */
3484 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3485 
3486 /*
3487 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3488 **
3489 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3490 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3491 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3492 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3493 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3494 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3495 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3496 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3497 */
3498 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3499 
3500 /*
3501 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3502 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3503 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3504 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3505 **
3506 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3507 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3508 ** templates:
3509 **
3510 ** <ul>
3511 ** <li>  ?
3512 ** <li>  ?NNN
3513 ** <li>  :VVV
3514 ** <li>  @VVV
3515 ** <li>  $VVV
3516 ** </ul>
3517 **
3518 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3519 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3520 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3521 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3522 **
3523 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3524 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3525 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3526 **
3527 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3528 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3529 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3530 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3531 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3532 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3533 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3534 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3535 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3536 **
3537 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3538 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3539 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3540 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3541 **
3542 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3543 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3544 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3545 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3546 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3547 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3548 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3549 ** the behavior is undefined.
3550 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3551 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3552 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3553 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3554 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3555 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3556 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3557 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3558 **
3559 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3560 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3561 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3562 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3563 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3564 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3565 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3566 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3567 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3568 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3569 **
3570 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3571 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3572 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3573 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3574 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3575 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3576 ** is undefined.
3577 **
3578 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3579 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3580 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3581 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3582 ** content is later written using
3583 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3584 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3585 **
3586 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3587 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3588 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3589 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3590 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3591 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3592 **
3593 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3594 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3595 **
3596 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3597 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3598 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3599 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3600 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3601 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3602 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3603 **
3604 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3605 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3606 */
3607 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3608 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3609                         void(*)(void*));
3610 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3611 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3612 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3613 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3614 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3615 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3616 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3617                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3618 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3619 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3620 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3621 
3622 /*
3623 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3624 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3625 **
3626 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3627 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3628 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3629 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3630 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3631 **
3632 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3633 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3634 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3635 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3636 **
3637 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3638 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3639 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3640 */
3641 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3642 
3643 /*
3644 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3645 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3646 **
3647 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3648 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3649 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3650 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3651 ** respectively.
3652 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3653 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3654 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3655 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3656 **
3657 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3658 **
3659 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3660 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3661 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3662 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3663 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3664 **
3665 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3666 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3667 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3668 */
3669 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3670 
3671 /*
3672 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3673 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3674 **
3675 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3676 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3677 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3678 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3679 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3680 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3681 **
3682 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3683 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3684 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
3685 */
3686 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3687 
3688 /*
3689 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3690 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3691 **
3692 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3693 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3694 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3695 */
3696 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3697 
3698 /*
3699 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3700 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3701 **
3702 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3703 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3704 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3705 **
3706 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3707 */
3708 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3709 
3710 /*
3711 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3712 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3713 **
3714 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3715 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3716 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3717 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3718 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3719 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3720 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3721 **
3722 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3723 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3724 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3725 ** or until the next call to
3726 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3727 **
3728 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3729 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3730 ** NULL pointer is returned.
3731 **
3732 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3733 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3734 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3735 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
3736 */
3737 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3738 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3739 
3740 /*
3741 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3742 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3743 **
3744 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3745 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3746 ** [SELECT] statement.
3747 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3748 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3749 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3750 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3751 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3752 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3753 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3754 ** or until the same information is requested
3755 ** again in a different encoding.
3756 **
3757 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3758 ** database, table, and column.
3759 **
3760 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3761 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3762 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3763 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3764 **
3765 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3766 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3767 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3768 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3769 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3770 **
3771 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3772 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3773 **
3774 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3775 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3776 **
3777 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3778 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3779 ** undefined.
3780 **
3781 ** If two or more threads call one or more
3782 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3783 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3784 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3785 */
3786 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3787 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3788 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3789 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3790 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3791 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3792 
3793 /*
3794 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3795 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3796 **
3797 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3798 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3799 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3800 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3801 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3802 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3803 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3804 **
3805 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3806 **
3807 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3808 **
3809 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
3810 **
3811 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3812 **
3813 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3814 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3815 **
3816 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3817 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3818 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3819 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3820 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3821 ** used to hold those values.
3822 */
3823 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3824 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3825 
3826 /*
3827 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3828 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3829 **
3830 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3831 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3832 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3833 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3834 **
3835 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3836 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3837 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3838 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3839 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3840 ** interface will continue to be supported.
3841 **
3842 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3843 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3844 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3845 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3846 **
3847 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3848 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3849 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3850 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3851 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3852 ** continuing.
3853 **
3854 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3855 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3856 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3857 ** machine back to its initial state.
3858 **
3859 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3860 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3861 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3862 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3863 **
3864 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3865 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3866 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3867 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3868 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3869 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3870 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3871 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3872 **
3873 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3874 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3875 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3876 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3877 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3878 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
3879 **
3880 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3881 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3882 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3883 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3884 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3885 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3886 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3887 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3888 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3889 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3890 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3891 **
3892 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3893 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3894 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3895 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3896 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3897 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3898 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3899 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3900 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3901 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3902 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3903 */
3904 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3905 
3906 /*
3907 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3908 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3909 **
3910 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3911 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3912 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3913 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3914 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3915 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3916 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3917 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3918 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3919 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3920 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3921 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3922 **
3923 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3924 */
3925 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3926 
3927 /*
3928 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3929 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3930 **
3931 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3932 **
3933 ** <ul>
3934 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3935 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3936 ** <li> string
3937 ** <li> BLOB
3938 ** <li> NULL
3939 ** </ul>)^
3940 **
3941 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3942 **
3943 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3944 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3945 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3946 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
3947 */
3948 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3949 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3950 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3951 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
3952 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3953 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
3954 #else
3955 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3956 #endif
3957 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3958 
3959 /*
3960 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3961 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3962 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3963 **
3964 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3965 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3966 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3967 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3968 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3969 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3970 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3971 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3972 **
3973 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3974 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3975 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3976 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3977 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3978 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3979 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3980 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3981 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3982 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3983 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3984 **
3985 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3986 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3987 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3988 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3989 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3990 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3991 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3992 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3993 ** following a type conversion.
3994 **
3995 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3996 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3997 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3998 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3999 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4000 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4001 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4002 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4003 **
4004 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4005 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4006 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4007 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4008 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4009 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4010 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4011 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4012 **
4013 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4014 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4015 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4016 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4017 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4018 **
4019 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4020 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4021 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4022 **
4023 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4024 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4025 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4026 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4027 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4028 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4029 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4030 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4031 **
4032 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
4033 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4034 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4035 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4036 ** that are applied:
4037 **
4038 ** <blockquote>
4039 ** <table border="1">
4040 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4041 **
4042 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4043 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4044 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4045 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4046 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4047 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4048 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4049 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4050 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4051 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4052 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4053 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4054 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4055 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4056 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4057 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4058 ** </table>
4059 ** </blockquote>)^
4060 **
4061 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4062 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4063 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4064 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4065 ** in the following cases:
4066 **
4067 ** <ul>
4068 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4069 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4070 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4071 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4072 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4073 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4074 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4075 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4076 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4077 ** </ul>
4078 **
4079 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4080 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4081 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4082 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4083 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4084 **
4085 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4086 ** in one of the following ways:
4087 **
4088 ** <ul>
4089 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4090 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4091 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4092 ** </ul>
4093 **
4094 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4095 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4096 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4097 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4098 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4099 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4100 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4101 **
4102 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4103 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4104 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4105 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4106 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4107 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4108 **
4109 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4110 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4111 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4112 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4113 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4114 */
4115 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4116 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4117 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4118 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4119 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4120 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4121 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4122 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4123 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4124 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4125 
4126 /*
4127 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4128 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4129 **
4130 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4131 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4132 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4133 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4134 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4135 ** [extended error code].
4136 **
4137 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4138 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4139 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4140 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4141 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4142 ** completed execution.
4143 **
4144 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4145 **
4146 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4147 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4148 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4149 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4150 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4151 */
4152 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4153 
4154 /*
4155 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4156 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4157 **
4158 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4159 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4160 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4161 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4162 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4163 **
4164 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4165 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4166 **
4167 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4168 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4169 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4170 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4171 **
4172 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4173 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4174 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4175 **
4176 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4177 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4178 */
4179 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4180 
4181 /*
4182 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4183 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4184 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4185 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4186 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4187 **
4188 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4189 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4190 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4191 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4192 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4193 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4194 ** the application data pointer.
4195 **
4196 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4197 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4198 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4199 ** to each database connection separately.
4200 **
4201 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4202 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4203 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4204 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4205 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4206 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4207 **
4208 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4209 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4210 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4211 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4212 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4213 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4214 ** undefined.
4215 **
4216 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4217 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4218 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4219 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4220 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4221 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4222 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4223 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4224 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4225 ** each encoding.
4226 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4227 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4228 **
4229 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4230 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4231 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4232 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4233 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4234 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4235 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4236 **
4237 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4238 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4239 **
4240 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4241 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4242 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4243 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4244 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4245 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4246 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4247 ** callbacks.
4248 **
4249 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4250 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4251 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4252 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4253 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4254 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4255 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4256 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4257 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4258 **
4259 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4260 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4261 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4262 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4263 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4264 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4265 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4266 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4267 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4268 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4269 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4270 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4271 **
4272 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4273 **
4274 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4275 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4276 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4277 ** statement in which the function is running.
4278 */
4279 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function(
4280   sqlite3 *db,
4281   const char *zFunctionName,
4282   int nArg,
4283   int eTextRep,
4284   void *pApp,
4285   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4286   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4287   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4288 );
4289 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function16(
4290   sqlite3 *db,
4291   const void *zFunctionName,
4292   int nArg,
4293   int eTextRep,
4294   void *pApp,
4295   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4296   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4297   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4298 );
4299 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4300   sqlite3 *db,
4301   const char *zFunctionName,
4302   int nArg,
4303   int eTextRep,
4304   void *pApp,
4305   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4306   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4307   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4308   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4309 );
4310 
4311 /*
4312 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4313 **
4314 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4315 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4316 */
4317 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4318 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4319 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4320 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4321 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4322 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4323 
4324 /*
4325 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4326 **
4327 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4328 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4329 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4330 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4331 */
4332 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4333 
4334 /*
4335 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4336 ** DEPRECATED
4337 **
4338 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4339 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4340 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4341 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4342 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4343 */
4344 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4345 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4346 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4347 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4348 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4349 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4350 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4351                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4352 #endif
4353 
4354 /*
4355 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4356 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4357 **
4358 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4359 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4360 ** the function or aggregate.
4361 **
4362 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4363 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4364 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4365 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4366 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4367 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4368 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4369 **
4370 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4371 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4372 ** object results in undefined behavior.
4373 **
4374 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4375 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4376 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4377 **
4378 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4379 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4380 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4381 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4382 **
4383 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4384 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4385 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4386 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4387 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4388 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4389 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4390 **
4391 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4392 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4393 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4394 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4395 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4396 **
4397 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4398 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4399 */
4400 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4401 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4402 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4403 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4404 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4405 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4406 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4407 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4408 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4409 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4410 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4411 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4412 
4413 /*
4414 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4415 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4416 **
4417 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4418 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4419 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4420 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4421 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4422 **
4423 ** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
4424 ** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
4425 ** input of another.
4426 */
4427 SQLITE_API unsigned int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4428 
4429 /*
4430 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4431 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4432 **
4433 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4434 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4435 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4436 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4437 ** memory allocation fails.
4438 **
4439 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4440 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4441 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4442 */
4443 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4444 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4445 
4446 /*
4447 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4448 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4449 **
4450 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4451 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4452 **
4453 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4454 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4455 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4456 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4457 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4458 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4459 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4460 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4461 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4462 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4463 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4464 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4465 **
4466 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4467 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4468 ** allocate error occurs.
4469 **
4470 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4471 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4472 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4473 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4474 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4475 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4476 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4477 **
4478 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4479 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4480 **
4481 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4482 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4483 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4484 ** function.
4485 **
4486 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4487 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4488 */
4489 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4490 
4491 /*
4492 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4493 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4494 **
4495 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4496 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4497 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4498 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4499 ** registered the application defined function.
4500 **
4501 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4502 ** the application-defined function is running.
4503 */
4504 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4505 
4506 /*
4507 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4508 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4509 **
4510 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4511 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4512 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4513 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4514 ** registered the application defined function.
4515 */
4516 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4517 
4518 /*
4519 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4520 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4521 **
4522 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4523 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4524 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4525 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4526 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4527 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4528 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4529 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4530 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4531 ** invocations of the same function.
4532 **
4533 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4534 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4535 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4536 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4537 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4538 **
4539 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4540 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4541 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4542 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4543 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4544 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4545 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4546 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4547 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4548 ** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4549 ** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4550 **      SQL statement, or
4551 ** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4552 ** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4553 **      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4554 **
4555 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4556 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4557 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4558 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4559 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4560 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4561 **
4562 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4563 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4564 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4565 **
4566 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4567 ** the SQL function is running.
4568 */
4569 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4570 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4571 
4572 
4573 /*
4574 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4575 **
4576 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4577 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4578 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4579 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4580 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4581 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4582 ** the content before returning.
4583 **
4584 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4585 ** C++ compilers.
4586 */
4587 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4588 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4589 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4590 
4591 /*
4592 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4593 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4594 **
4595 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4596 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4597 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4598 ** for additional information.
4599 **
4600 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4601 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4602 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4603 **
4604 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4605 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4606 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4607 ** third parameter.
4608 **
4609 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4610 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4611 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4612 **
4613 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4614 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4615 ** by its 2nd argument.
4616 **
4617 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4618 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4619 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4620 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4621 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4622 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4623 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4624 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4625 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4626 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
4627 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4628 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4629 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4630 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4631 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4632 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4633 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
4634 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4635 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4636 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4637 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4638 **
4639 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4640 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4641 **
4642 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4643 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4644 **
4645 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4646 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4647 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4648 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4649 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4650 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4651 **
4652 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4653 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4654 **
4655 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4656 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4657 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4658 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4659 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4660 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4661 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4662 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4663 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4664 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4665 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4666 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4667 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4668 ** through the first zero character.
4669 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4670 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4671 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4672 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4673 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4674 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4675 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4676 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4677 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4678 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4679 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4680 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4681 ** finished using that result.
4682 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4683 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4684 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4685 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4686 ** when it has finished using that result.
4687 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4688 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4689 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4690 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4691 **
4692 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4693 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4694 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4695 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4696 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4697 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4698 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4699 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4700 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4701 **
4702 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4703 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4704 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4705 */
4706 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4707 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4708                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4709 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4710 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4711 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4712 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4713 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4714 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4715 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4716 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4717 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4718 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4719 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4720                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4721 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4722 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4723 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4724 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4725 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4726 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4727 
4728 
4729 /*
4730 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
4731 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4732 **
4733 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
4734 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
4735 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
4736 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
4737 ** higher order bits are discarded.
4738 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
4739 ** in future releases of SQLite.
4740 */
4741 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
4742 
4743 /*
4744 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4745 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4746 **
4747 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4748 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4749 **
4750 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4751 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4752 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4753 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4754 ** considered to be the same name.
4755 **
4756 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4757 ** <ul>
4758 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4759 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4760 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4761 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4762 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4763 ** </ul>)^
4764 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4765 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4766 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4767 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4768 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4769 ** on an even byte address.
4770 **
4771 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4772 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4773 **
4774 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4775 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4776 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4777 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4778 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4779 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4780 ** that collation is no longer usable.
4781 **
4782 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4783 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4784 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4785 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4786 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4787 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4788 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4789 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4790 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4791 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4792 ** strings A, B, and C:
4793 **
4794 ** <ol>
4795 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4796 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4797 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4798 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4799 ** </ol>
4800 **
4801 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4802 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4803 ** is undefined.
4804 **
4805 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4806 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4807 ** the collating function is deleted.
4808 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4809 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4810 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4811 **
4812 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4813 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4814 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4815 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4816 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4817 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4818 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4819 ** compatibility.
4820 **
4821 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4822 */
4823 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation(
4824   sqlite3*,
4825   const char *zName,
4826   int eTextRep,
4827   void *pArg,
4828   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4829 );
4830 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4831   sqlite3*,
4832   const char *zName,
4833   int eTextRep,
4834   void *pArg,
4835   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4836   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4837 );
4838 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation16(
4839   sqlite3*,
4840   const void *zName,
4841   int eTextRep,
4842   void *pArg,
4843   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4844 );
4845 
4846 /*
4847 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4848 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4849 **
4850 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4851 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4852 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4853 ** sequence is required.
4854 **
4855 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4856 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4857 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4858 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4859 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4860 **
4861 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4862 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4863 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4864 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4865 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4866 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4867 ** required collation sequence.)^
4868 **
4869 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4870 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4871 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4872 */
4873 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed(
4874   sqlite3*,
4875   void*,
4876   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4877 );
4878 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4879   sqlite3*,
4880   void*,
4881   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4882 );
4883 
4884 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4885 /*
4886 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4887 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
4888 **
4889 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4890 ** of SQLite.
4891 */
4892 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key(
4893   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4894   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4895 );
4896 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key_v2(
4897   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4898   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4899   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4900 );
4901 
4902 /*
4903 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4904 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4905 ** database is decrypted.
4906 **
4907 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4908 ** of SQLite.
4909 */
4910 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey(
4911   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4912   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4913 );
4914 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4915   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4916   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4917   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4918 );
4919 
4920 /*
4921 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4922 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4923 */
4924 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_see(
4925   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4926 );
4927 #endif
4928 
4929 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4930 /*
4931 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4932 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4933 */
4934 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4935   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4936 );
4937 #endif
4938 
4939 /*
4940 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4941 **
4942 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4943 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4944 **
4945 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4946 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4947 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4948 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
4949 **
4950 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4951 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4952 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4953 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4954 ** in the previous paragraphs.
4955 */
4956 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sleep(int);
4957 
4958 /*
4959 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4960 **
4961 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4962 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4963 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4964 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4965 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4966 ** temporary file directory.
4967 **
4968 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4969 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4970 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4971 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4972 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4973 ** be avoided in new projects.
4974 **
4975 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4976 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4977 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4978 ** thread.
4979 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4980 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4981 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4982 ** thereafter.
4983 **
4984 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4985 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4986 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4987 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4988 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4989 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4990 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4991 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4992 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4993 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4994 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4995 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4996 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4997 ** objects have been destroyed.
4998 **
4999 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5000 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5001 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5002 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5003 **
5004 ** <blockquote><pre>
5005 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5006 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5007 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5008 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5009 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5010 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5011 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5012 ** </pre></blockquote>
5013 */
5014 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5015 
5016 /*
5017 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5018 **
5019 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5020 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5021 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5022 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5023 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5024 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5025 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5026 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5027 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5028 **
5029 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5030 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
5031 **
5032 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5033 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5034 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5035 ** thread.
5036 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5037 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5038 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5039 ** thereafter.
5040 **
5041 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5042 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5043 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5044 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5045 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5046 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5047 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5048 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5049 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5050 */
5051 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5052 
5053 /*
5054 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5055 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5056 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5057 **
5058 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5059 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5060 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5061 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5062 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5063 **
5064 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5065 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5066 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5067 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5068 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5069 ** an error is to use this function.
5070 **
5071 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5072 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5073 ** is undefined.
5074 */
5075 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5076 
5077 /*
5078 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5079 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5080 **
5081 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5082 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5083 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5084 ** that was the first argument
5085 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5086 ** create the statement in the first place.
5087 */
5088 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5089 
5090 /*
5091 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5092 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5093 **
5094 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5095 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5096 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5097 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5098 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
5099 **
5100 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5101 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5102 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5103 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5104 */
5105 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5106 
5107 /*
5108 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5109 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5110 **
5111 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5112 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5113 ** the name of a database on connection D.
5114 */
5115 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5116 
5117 /*
5118 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5119 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5120 **
5121 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5122 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5123 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5124 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5125 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5126 **
5127 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5128 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5129 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5130 */
5131 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5132 
5133 /*
5134 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5135 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5136 **
5137 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5138 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5139 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5140 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5141 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5142 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5143 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5144 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5145 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5146 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5147 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5148 **
5149 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5150 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5151 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5152 ** the first call for each function on D.
5153 **
5154 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5155 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5156 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5157 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5158 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5159 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
5160 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5161 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5162 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5163 **
5164 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5165 **
5166 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5167 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5168 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5169 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5170 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5171 **
5172 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5173 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5174 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5175 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5176 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5177 **
5178 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5179 */
5180 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5181 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5182 
5183 /*
5184 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5185 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5186 **
5187 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5188 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5189 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5190 ** a rowid table.
5191 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5192 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5193 **
5194 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5195 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5196 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5197 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5198 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5199 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5200 ** to be invoked.
5201 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5202 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5203 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5204 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5205 **
5206 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5207 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5208 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5209 **
5210 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5211 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5212 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5213 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5214 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5215 ** release of SQLite.
5216 **
5217 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5218 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5219 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5220 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5221 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5222 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5223 **
5224 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5225 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5226 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5227 ** the first call on D.
5228 **
5229 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5230 ** interfaces.
5231 */
5232 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_update_hook(
5233   sqlite3*,
5234   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5235   void*
5236 );
5237 
5238 /*
5239 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5240 **
5241 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5242 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5243 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5244 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5245 **
5246 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5247 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5248 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5249 **
5250 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5251 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5252 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5253 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5254 **
5255 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5256 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5257 **
5258 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5259 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5260 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5261 **
5262 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5263 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5264 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5265 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5266 **
5267 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5268 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5269 **
5270 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5271 */
5272 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5273 
5274 /*
5275 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5276 **
5277 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5278 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5279 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5280 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5281 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5282 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5283 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5284 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5285 **
5286 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5287 */
5288 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5289 
5290 /*
5291 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5292 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5293 **
5294 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5295 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5296 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5297 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5298 ** omitted.
5299 **
5300 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5301 */
5302 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5303 
5304 /*
5305 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5306 **
5307 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5308 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5309 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5310 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5311 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5312 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5313 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5314 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5315 ** is advisory only.
5316 **
5317 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5318 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5319 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5320 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5321 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5322 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5323 **
5324 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5325 **
5326 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5327 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5328 **
5329 ** <ul>
5330 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5331 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5332 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5333 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5334 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5335 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5336 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5337 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5338 **      from the heap.
5339 ** </ul>)^
5340 **
5341 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5342 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5343 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5344 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5345 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5346 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5347 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5348 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5349 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5350 **
5351 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5352 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5353 */
5354 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5355 
5356 /*
5357 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5358 ** DEPRECATED
5359 **
5360 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5361 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5362 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5363 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5364 */
5365 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5366 
5367 
5368 /*
5369 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5370 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5371 **
5372 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5373 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5374 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5375 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5376 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5377 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5378 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5379 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5380 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5381 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5382 ** does not.
5383 **
5384 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5385 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5386 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5387 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5388 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5389 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5390 **
5391 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5392 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5393 **
5394 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5395 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5396 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5397 **
5398 ** ^(<blockquote>
5399 ** <table border="1">
5400 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5401 **
5402 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5403 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5404 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5405 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5406 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5407 ** </table>
5408 ** </blockquote>)^
5409 **
5410 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5411 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5412 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5413 **
5414 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5415 **
5416 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5417 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5418 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5419 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5420 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5421 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5422 **
5423 ** <pre>
5424 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5425 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5426 **     not null: 0
5427 **     primary key: 1
5428 **     auto increment: 0
5429 ** </pre>)^
5430 **
5431 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5432 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5433 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5434 */
5435 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5436   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5437   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5438   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5439   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5440   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5441   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5442   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5443   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5444   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5445 );
5446 
5447 /*
5448 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5449 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5450 **
5451 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5452 **
5453 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5454 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5455 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5456 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5457 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5458 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5459 ** be tried also.
5460 **
5461 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5462 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5463 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5464 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5465 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5466 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5467 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5468 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5469 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5470 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5471 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5472 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5473 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5474 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5475 **
5476 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5477 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5478 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5479 **
5480 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5481 */
5482 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_load_extension(
5483   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5484   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5485   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5486   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5487 );
5488 
5489 /*
5490 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5491 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5492 **
5493 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5494 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5495 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5496 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5497 **
5498 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5499 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5500 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5501 ** it back off again.
5502 */
5503 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5504 
5505 /*
5506 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5507 **
5508 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5509 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5510 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5511 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5512 **
5513 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5514 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5515 ** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5516 ** entry point where as follows:
5517 **
5518 ** <blockquote><pre>
5519 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5520 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5521 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5522 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5523 ** &nbsp;  );
5524 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5525 **
5526 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5527 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5528 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5529 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5530 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5531 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5532 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5533 **
5534 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5535 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5536 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5537 **
5538 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5539 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5540 */
5541 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5542 
5543 /*
5544 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5545 **
5546 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5547 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5548 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5549 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5550 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5551 ** routines.
5552 */
5553 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5554 
5555 /*
5556 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5557 **
5558 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5559 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5560 */
5561 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5562 
5563 /*
5564 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5565 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5566 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5567 **
5568 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5569 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5570 */
5571 
5572 /*
5573 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5574 */
5575 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5576 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5577 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5578 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5579 
5580 /*
5581 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5582 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5583 **
5584 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5585 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5586 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5587 **
5588 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5589 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5590 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5591 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5592 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5593 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5594 ** any database connection.
5595 */
5596 struct sqlite3_module {
5597   int iVersion;
5598   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5599                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5600                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5601   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5602                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5603                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5604   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5605   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5606   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5607   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5608   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5609   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5610                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5611   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5612   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5613   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5614   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5615   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5616   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5617   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5618   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5619   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5620   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5621                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5622                        void **ppArg);
5623   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5624   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5625   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5626   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5627   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5628   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5629 };
5630 
5631 /*
5632 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5633 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5634 **
5635 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5636 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
5637 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5638 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5639 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5640 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5641 **
5642 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5643 **
5644 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5645 **
5646 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5647 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5648 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5649 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5650 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5651 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5652 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5653 **
5654 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5655 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5656 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5657 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5658 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5659 **
5660 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5661 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5662 **
5663 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
5664 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
5665 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
5666 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
5667 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
5668 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
5669 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
5670 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
5671 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
5672 ** non-zero.
5673 **
5674 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5675 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5676 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5677 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5678 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5679 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5680 **
5681 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5682 ** [xFilter] method.
5683 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5684 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5685 **
5686 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5687 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5688 ** sorting step is required.
5689 **
5690 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5691 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5692 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5693 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5694 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5695 **
5696 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5697 ** will be returned by the strategy.
5698 **
5699 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
5700 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
5701 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
5702 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
5703 **
5704 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
5705 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
5706 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
5707 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
5708 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
5709 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
5710 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
5711 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
5712 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
5713 **
5714 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5715 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5716 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5717 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5718 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5719 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5720 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
5721 ** was added for version 3.9.0. It may therefore only be used if
5722 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
5723 ** 3009000.
5724 */
5725 struct sqlite3_index_info {
5726   /* Inputs */
5727   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5728   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5729      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
5730      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5731      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5732      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5733   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5734   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5735   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5736      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5737      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5738   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5739   /* Outputs */
5740   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5741     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5742     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5743   } *aConstraintUsage;
5744   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5745   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5746   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5747   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5748   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5749   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5750   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5751   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
5752   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
5753   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
5754   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
5755 };
5756 
5757 /*
5758 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
5759 */
5760 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
5761 
5762 /*
5763 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5764 **
5765 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5766 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5767 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5768 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5769 */
5770 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
5771 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
5772 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
5773 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
5774 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
5775 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
5776 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
5777 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
5778 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
5779 
5780 /*
5781 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5782 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5783 **
5784 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5785 ** ^Module names must be registered before
5786 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5787 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5788 **
5789 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5790 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5791 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5792 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5793 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5794 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5795 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5796 **
5797 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5798 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5799 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5800 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5801 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5802 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5803 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5804 ** destructor.
5805 */
5806 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module(
5807   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5808   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5809   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5810   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5811 );
5812 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5813   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5814   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5815   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5816   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5817   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5818 );
5819 
5820 /*
5821 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5822 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5823 **
5824 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5825 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
5826 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5827 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5828 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5829 ** common to all module implementations.
5830 **
5831 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5832 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5833 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5834 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5835 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5836 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5837 */
5838 struct sqlite3_vtab {
5839   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5840   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
5841   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5842   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5843 };
5844 
5845 /*
5846 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5847 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5848 **
5849 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5850 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5851 ** [virtual table] and are used
5852 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5853 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5854 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5855 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5856 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5857 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5858 **
5859 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5860 ** are common to all implementations.
5861 */
5862 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5863   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5864   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5865 };
5866 
5867 /*
5868 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5869 **
5870 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5871 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
5872 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5873 ** the virtual tables they implement.
5874 */
5875 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5876 
5877 /*
5878 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5879 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5880 **
5881 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5882 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5883 ** But global versions of those functions
5884 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5885 **
5886 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5887 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5888 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5889 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5890 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5891 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5892 ** by a [virtual table].
5893 */
5894 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5895 
5896 /*
5897 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5898 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5899 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5900 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5901 **
5902 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5903 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5904 */
5905 
5906 /*
5907 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5908 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5909 **
5910 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5911 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5912 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5913 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5914 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5915 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5916 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5917 */
5918 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5919 
5920 /*
5921 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5922 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5923 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
5924 **
5925 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5926 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5927 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5928 **
5929 ** <pre>
5930 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5931 ** </pre>)^
5932 **
5933 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5934 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5935 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5936 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5937 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5938 **
5939 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5940 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5941 ** read-only access.
5942 **
5943 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5944 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5945 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5946 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5947 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5948 **
5949 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5950 ** <ul>
5951 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5952 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5953 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5954 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5955 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5956 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5957 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5958 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5959 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5960 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5961 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5962 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
5963 ** </ul>
5964 **
5965 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5966 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5967 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5968 **
5969 **
5970 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5971 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5972 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5973 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5974 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5975 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5976 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5977 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5978 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5979 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5980 **
5981 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5982 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5983 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5984 ** blob.
5985 **
5986 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5987 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5988 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5989 **
5990 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5991 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5992 */
5993 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_open(
5994   sqlite3*,
5995   const char *zDb,
5996   const char *zTable,
5997   const char *zColumn,
5998   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5999   int flags,
6000   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6001 );
6002 
6003 /*
6004 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6005 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6006 **
6007 ** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
6008 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6009 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6010 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6011 ** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
6012 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6013 **
6014 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6015 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6016 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6017 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6018 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6019 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6020 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6021 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6022 ** always returns zero.
6023 **
6024 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6025 */
6026 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6027 
6028 /*
6029 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6030 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6031 **
6032 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6033 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6034 ** handle is still closed.)^
6035 **
6036 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6037 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6038 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6039 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6040 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6041 **
6042 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6043 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6044 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6045 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6046 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6047 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6048 */
6049 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6050 
6051 /*
6052 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6053 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6054 **
6055 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6056 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6057 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6058 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6059 **
6060 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6061 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6062 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6063 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6064 */
6065 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6066 
6067 /*
6068 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6069 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6070 **
6071 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6072 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6073 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6074 **
6075 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6076 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6077 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6078 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6079 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6080 **
6081 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6082 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6083 **
6084 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6085 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6086 **
6087 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6088 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6089 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6090 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6091 **
6092 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6093 */
6094 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6095 
6096 /*
6097 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6098 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6099 **
6100 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6101 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6102 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6103 **
6104 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6105 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6106 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6107 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6108 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6109 **
6110 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6111 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6112 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6113 **
6114 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6115 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6116 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6117 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6118 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6119 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6120 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6121 **
6122 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6123 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6124 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6125 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6126 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6127 ** or by other independent statements.
6128 **
6129 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6130 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6131 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6132 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6133 **
6134 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6135 */
6136 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6137 
6138 /*
6139 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6140 **
6141 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6142 ** that SQLite uses to interact
6143 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6144 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6145 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6146 ** The following interfaces are provided.
6147 **
6148 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6149 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
6150 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6151 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6152 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6153 **
6154 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6155 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6156 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6157 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6158 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6159 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6160 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6161 ** then the behavior is undefined.
6162 **
6163 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6164 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6165 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6166 */
6167 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6168 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6169 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6170 
6171 /*
6172 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6173 **
6174 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6175 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6176 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6177 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
6178 **
6179 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6180 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6181 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6182 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6183 **
6184 ** <ul>
6185 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6186 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6187 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6188 ** </ul>
6189 **
6190 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6191 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6192 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6193 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6194 ** and Windows.
6195 **
6196 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6197 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6198 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6199 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6200 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6201 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6202 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6203 **
6204 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6205 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6206 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6207 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6208 ** integer constants:
6209 **
6210 ** <ul>
6211 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6212 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6213 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6214 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6215 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6216 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6217 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6218 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6219 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6220 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6221 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6222 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6223 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6224 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6225 ** </ul>
6226 **
6227 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6228 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6229 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6230 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6231 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6232 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6233 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6234 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6235 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6236 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6237 **
6238 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6239 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6240 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6241 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6242 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6243 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6244 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6245 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6246 **
6247 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6248 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6249 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6250 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6251 ** the same type number.
6252 **
6253 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6254 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6255 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6256 **
6257 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6258 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6259 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6260 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6261 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6262 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6263 ** In such cases, the
6264 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6265 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6266 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6267 **
6268 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6269 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6270 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6271 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6272 ** behavior.)^
6273 **
6274 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6275 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6276 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6277 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6278 **
6279 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6280 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6281 ** behave as no-ops.
6282 **
6283 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6284 */
6285 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6286 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6287 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6288 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6289 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6290 
6291 /*
6292 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6293 **
6294 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6295 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6296 **
6297 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6298 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6299 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6300 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6301 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6302 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6303 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6304 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6305 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6306 **
6307 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6308 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6309 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6310 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6311 **
6312 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6313 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6314 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6315 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6316 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6317 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6318 **
6319 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6320 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6321 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6322 **
6323 ** <ul>
6324 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6325 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6326 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6327 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6328 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6329 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6330 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6331 ** </ul>)^
6332 **
6333 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6334 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6335 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6336 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6337 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6338 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6339 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6340 **
6341 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6342 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6343 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6344 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6345 **
6346 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6347 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6348 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6349 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6350 **
6351 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6352 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6353 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6354 ** prior to returning.
6355 */
6356 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6357 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6358   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6359   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6360   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6361   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6362   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6363   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6364   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6365   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6366   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6367 };
6368 
6369 /*
6370 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6371 **
6372 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6373 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6374 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6375 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6376 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6377 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6378 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6379 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6380 **
6381 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6382 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6383 **
6384 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6385 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6386 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6387 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6388 **
6389 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6390 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6391 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6392 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6393 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6394 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6395 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6396 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6397 */
6398 #ifndef NDEBUG
6399 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6400 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6401 #endif
6402 
6403 /*
6404 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6405 **
6406 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6407 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6408 **
6409 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6410 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6411 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6412 */
6413 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6414 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6415 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6416 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6417 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6418 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6419 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6420 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6421 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6422 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6423 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6424 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6425 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6426 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6427 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6428 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6429 
6430 /*
6431 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6432 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6433 **
6434 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6435 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6436 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6437 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6438 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6439 */
6440 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6441 
6442 /*
6443 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6444 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6445 **
6446 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6447 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6448 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6449 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6450 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6451 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6452 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6453 ** main database file.
6454 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6455 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6456 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6457 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6458 **
6459 ** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6460 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6461 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6462 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6463 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6464 **
6465 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6466 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6467 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6468 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6469 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6470 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6471 ** xFileControl method.
6472 **
6473 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6474 */
6475 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6476 
6477 /*
6478 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6479 **
6480 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6481 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6482 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6483 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6484 **
6485 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6486 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6487 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6488 **
6489 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6490 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6491 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6492 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6493 */
6494 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6495 
6496 /*
6497 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6498 **
6499 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6500 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6501 **
6502 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6503 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6504 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6505 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6506 */
6507 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6508 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6509 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6510 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6511 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6512 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6513 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6514 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6515 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6516 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6517 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6518 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6519 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6520 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6521 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6522 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6523 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6524 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6525 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6526 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6527 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6528 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6529 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6530 
6531 /*
6532 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6533 **
6534 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6535 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6536 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6537 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6538 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6539 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6540 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6541 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6542 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6543 ** value.  For those parameters
6544 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6545 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6546 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6547 **
6548 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6549 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6550 **
6551 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6552 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6553 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6554 **
6555 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6556 */
6557 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6558 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status64(
6559   int op,
6560   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6561   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6562   int resetFlag
6563 );
6564 
6565 
6566 /*
6567 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6568 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6569 **
6570 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6571 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6572 **
6573 ** <dl>
6574 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6575 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6576 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6577 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6578 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6579 ** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6580 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6581 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6582 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6583 **
6584 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6585 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6586 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6587 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6588 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6589 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6590 **
6591 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6592 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6593 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6594 **
6595 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6596 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6597 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6598 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6599 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6600 **
6601 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6602 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6603 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6604 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6605 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6606 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6607 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6608 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6609 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6610 **
6611 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6612 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6613 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6614 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6615 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6616 **
6617 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6618 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6619 ** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6620 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6621 ** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6622 ** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6623 ** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6624 **
6625 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6626 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6627 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6628 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6629 ** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6630 ** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6631 ** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6632 ** slots were available.
6633 ** </dd>)^
6634 **
6635 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6636 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6637 ** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6638 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6639 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6640 **
6641 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6642 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
6643 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
6644 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6645 ** </dl>
6646 **
6647 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6648 */
6649 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6650 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6651 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6652 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6653 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6654 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6655 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6656 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6657 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6658 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6659 
6660 /*
6661 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6662 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6663 **
6664 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6665 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6666 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6667 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6668 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6669 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6670 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6671 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6672 **
6673 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6674 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6675 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6676 ** reset back down to the current value.
6677 **
6678 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6679 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6680 **
6681 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6682 */
6683 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6684 
6685 /*
6686 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6687 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6688 **
6689 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6690 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6691 **
6692 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6693 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6694 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6695 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6696 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6697 **
6698 ** <dl>
6699 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6700 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6701 ** checked out.</dd>)^
6702 **
6703 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6704 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6705 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6706 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6707 **
6708 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6709 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6710 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6711 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6712 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6713 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6714 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6715 **
6716 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6717 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6718 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6719 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6720 ** memory already being in use.
6721 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6722 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6723 **
6724 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6725 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6726 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6727 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6728 **
6729 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6730 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6731 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6732 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6733 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6734 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6735 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6736 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6737 **
6738 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6739 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6740 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6741 ** the database connection.)^
6742 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6743 ** </dd>
6744 **
6745 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6746 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6747 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6748 ** is always 0.
6749 ** </dd>
6750 **
6751 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6752 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6753 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6754 ** is always 0.
6755 ** </dd>
6756 **
6757 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6758 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6759 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6760 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6761 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6762 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6763 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6764 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6765 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6766 ** </dd>
6767 **
6768 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6769 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6770 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6771 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6772 ** </dd>
6773 ** </dl>
6774 */
6775 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6776 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6777 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6778 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6779 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6780 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6781 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6782 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6783 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6784 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6785 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6786 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6787 
6788 
6789 /*
6790 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6791 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6792 **
6793 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6794 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6795 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6796 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6797 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6798 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6799 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6800 ** an index.
6801 **
6802 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6803 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6804 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6805 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6806 ** to be interrogated.)^
6807 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6808 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6809 ** interface call returns.
6810 **
6811 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6812 */
6813 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6814 
6815 /*
6816 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6817 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6818 **
6819 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6820 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6821 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6822 **
6823 ** <dl>
6824 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6825 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6826 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6827 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6828 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
6829 **
6830 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6831 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6832 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6833 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6834 **
6835 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6836 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6837 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6838 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6839 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6840 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6841 **
6842 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6843 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6844 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6845 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6846 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6847 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6848 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6849 ** </dd>
6850 ** </dl>
6851 */
6852 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6853 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6854 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6855 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6856 
6857 /*
6858 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6859 **
6860 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6861 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6862 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6863 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6864 ** to the object.
6865 **
6866 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6867 */
6868 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6869 
6870 /*
6871 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6872 **
6873 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6874 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6875 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6876 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6877 **
6878 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6879 */
6880 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6881 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6882   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6883   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6884 };
6885 
6886 /*
6887 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6888 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6889 **
6890 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6891 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6892 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6893 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6894 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6895 ** By implementing a
6896 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6897 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6898 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6899 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6900 ** how long.
6901 **
6902 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6903 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6904 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6905 **
6906 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6907 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6908 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6909 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6910 **
6911 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6912 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6913 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6914 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6915 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6916 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6917 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6918 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6919 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6920 ** page cache.)^
6921 **
6922 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6923 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6924 ** It can be used to clean up
6925 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6926 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6927 **
6928 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6929 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6930 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6931 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6932 ** in multithreaded applications.
6933 **
6934 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6935 ** call to xShutdown().
6936 **
6937 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6938 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6939 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6940 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6941 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6942 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6943 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6944 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6945 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6946 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6947 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6948 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6949 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6950 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6951 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6952 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6953 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6954 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6955 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6956 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6957 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6958 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
6959 **
6960 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6961 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6962 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6963 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6964 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6965 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6966 ** value; it is advisory only.
6967 **
6968 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6969 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6970 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6971 **
6972 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6973 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6974 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6975 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6976 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6977 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6978 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6979 ** for each entry in the page cache.
6980 **
6981 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6982 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6983 ** to be "pinned".
6984 **
6985 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6986 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6987 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6988 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6989 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6990 **
6991 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6992 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6993 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6994 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6995 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
6996 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6997 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6998 ** </table>
6999 **
7000 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7001 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7002 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7003 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7004 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7005 **
7006 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7007 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7008 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7009 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7010 ** ^If the discard parameter is
7011 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7012 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7013 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7014 **
7015 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7016 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7017 ** to xFetch().
7018 **
7019 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7020 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7021 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7022 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7023 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7024 ** to be pinned.
7025 **
7026 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7027 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7028 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7029 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7030 ** they can be safely discarded.
7031 **
7032 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7033 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7034 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7035 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7036 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7037 ** functions.
7038 **
7039 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7040 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7041 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7042 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7043 ** do their best.
7044 */
7045 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7046 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7047   int iVersion;
7048   void *pArg;
7049   int (*xInit)(void*);
7050   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7051   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7052   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7053   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7054   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7055   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7056   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7057       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7058   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7059   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7060   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7061 };
7062 
7063 /*
7064 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7065 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7066 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7067 */
7068 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7069 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7070   void *pArg;
7071   int (*xInit)(void*);
7072   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7073   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7074   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7075   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7076   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7077   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7078   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7079   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7080   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7081 };
7082 
7083 
7084 /*
7085 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7086 **
7087 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7088 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7089 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7090 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7091 **
7092 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7093 */
7094 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7095 
7096 /*
7097 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7098 **
7099 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7100 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7101 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7102 **
7103 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7104 **
7105 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7106 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
7107 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7108 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7109 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7110 ** preventing other database connections from
7111 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7112 **
7113 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7114 **   <ol>
7115 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7116 **         backup,
7117 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7118 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
7119 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7120 **         associated with the backup operation.
7121 **   </ol>)^
7122 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7123 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7124 **
7125 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7126 **
7127 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7128 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7129 ** and the database name, respectively.
7130 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7131 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7132 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7133 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7134 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7135 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7136 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7137 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7138 ** an error.
7139 **
7140 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
7141 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7142 ** destination database.
7143 **
7144 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7145 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7146 ** destination [database connection] D.
7147 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7148 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7149 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7150 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7151 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7152 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7153 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7154 ** operation.
7155 **
7156 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7157 **
7158 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7159 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7160 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7161 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7162 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7163 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7164 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7165 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7166 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7167 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7168 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7169 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7170 **
7171 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7172 ** <ol>
7173 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7174 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7175 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7176 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7177 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
7178 ** </ol>)^
7179 **
7180 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7181 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7182 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7183 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7184 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7185 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7186 ** [database connection]
7187 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7188 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7189 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7190 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7191 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7192 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7193 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7194 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7195 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7196 **
7197 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7198 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7199 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7200 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7201 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7202 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7203 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7204 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7205 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7206 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7207 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7208 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7209 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7210 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7211 ** updated at the same time.
7212 **
7213 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7214 **
7215 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7216 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7217 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7218 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7219 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7220 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7221 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7222 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7223 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7224 **
7225 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7226 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7227 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7228 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7229 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7230 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7231 **
7232 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7233 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7234 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7235 **
7236 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7237 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7238 **
7239 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7240 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7241 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7242 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7243 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7244 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7245 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7246 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7247 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7248 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7249 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7250 **
7251 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7252 **
7253 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7254 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7255 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7256 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7257 ** from within other threads.
7258 **
7259 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7260 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7261 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7262 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7263 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7264 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7265 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7266 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7267 **
7268 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7269 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7270 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7271 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7272 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7273 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7274 **
7275 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7276 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7277 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7278 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7279 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7280 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7281 */
7282 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_init(
7283   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7284   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7285   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7286   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7287 );
7288 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7289 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7290 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7291 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7292 
7293 /*
7294 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7295 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7296 **
7297 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7298 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7299 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7300 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7301 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7302 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7303 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7304 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7305 **
7306 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7307 **
7308 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7309 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7310 **
7311 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7312 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7313 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7314 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7315 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7316 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7317 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7318 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7319 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7320 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7321 **
7322 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7323 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7324 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7325 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7326 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7327 **
7328 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7329 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7330 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7331 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7332 **
7333 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7334 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7335 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7336 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7337 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7338 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7339 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7340 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7341 **
7342 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7343 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7344 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7345 **
7346 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7347 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7348 **
7349 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7350 **
7351 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7352 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7353 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7354 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7355 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7356 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7357 **
7358 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7359 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7360 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7361 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7362 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7363 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7364 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7365 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7366 **
7367 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7368 **
7369 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7370 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7371 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7372 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7373 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7374 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7375 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7376 **
7377 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7378 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7379 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7380 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7381 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7382 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7383 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7384 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7385 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7386 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7387 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7388 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7389 **
7390 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7391 **
7392 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7393 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7394 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7395 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7396 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7397 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7398 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7399 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7400 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7401 **
7402 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7403 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7404 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7405 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7406 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7407 */
7408 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7409   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7410   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7411   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7412 );
7413 
7414 
7415 /*
7416 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7417 **
7418 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7419 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7420 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7421 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7422 */
7423 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7424 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7425 
7426 /*
7427 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7428 *
7429 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7430 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7431 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7432 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7433 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7434 ** is case sensitive.
7435 **
7436 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7437 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7438 **
7439 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7440 */
7441 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7442 
7443 /*
7444 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7445 *
7446 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7447 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7448 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7449 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7450 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7451 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7452 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7453 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7454 ** one another.
7455 **
7456 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7457 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7458 **
7459 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7460 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7461 **
7462 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7463 */
7464 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7465 
7466 /*
7467 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7468 **
7469 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7470 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7471 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7472 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7473 **
7474 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7475 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7476 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7477 ** is considered bad form.
7478 **
7479 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7480 **
7481 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7482 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7483 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7484 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7485 ** buffer.
7486 */
7487 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7488 
7489 /*
7490 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7491 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7492 **
7493 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7494 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7495 **
7496 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7497 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7498 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7499 **
7500 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7501 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7502 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7503 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7504 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7505 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7506 ** including those that were just committed.
7507 **
7508 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7509 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7510 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7511 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7512 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7513 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7514 ** are undefined.
7515 **
7516 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7517 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7518 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7519 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7520 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7521 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7522 */
7523 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_hook(
7524   sqlite3*,
7525   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7526   void*
7527 );
7528 
7529 /*
7530 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7531 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7532 **
7533 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7534 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7535 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
7536 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7537 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7538 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7539 ** checkpoints entirely.
7540 **
7541 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7542 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7543 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7544 ** configured by this function.
7545 **
7546 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7547 ** from SQL.
7548 **
7549 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7550 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7551 **
7552 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7553 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7554 ** pages.  The use of this interface
7555 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7556 ** for a particular application.
7557 */
7558 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7559 
7560 /*
7561 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7562 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7563 **
7564 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7565 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7566 **
7567 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7568 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7569 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7570 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7571 ** information.
7572 **
7573 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7574 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7575 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7576 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7577 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7578 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7579 */
7580 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7581 
7582 /*
7583 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7584 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7585 **
7586 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7587 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7588 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7589 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7590 **
7591 ** <dl>
7592 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7593 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7594 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7595 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7596 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7597 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7598 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7599 **
7600 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7601 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7602 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7603 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7604 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7605 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7606 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7607 **
7608 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7609 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7610 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7611 **   [busy-handler callback])
7612 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7613 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7614 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7615 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7616 **
7617 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7618 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7619 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7620 **   to a successful return.
7621 ** </dl>
7622 **
7623 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7624 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7625 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7626 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7627 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7628 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7629 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7630 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7631 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7632 **
7633 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7634 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7635 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7636 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7637 **
7638 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7639 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7640 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7641 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7642 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7643 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7644 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7645 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7646 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7647 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7648 **
7649 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7650 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7651 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7652 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7653 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7654 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7655 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7656 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7657 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7658 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7659 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7660 **
7661 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7662 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7663 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7664 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7665 **
7666 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7667 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7668 ** sets the error information that is queried by
7669 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7670 **
7671 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7672 ** from SQL.
7673 */
7674 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7675   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7676   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7677   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7678   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7679   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7680 );
7681 
7682 /*
7683 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7684 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7685 **
7686 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7687 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7688 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7689 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7690 */
7691 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7692 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7693 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7694 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7695 
7696 /*
7697 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7698 **
7699 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7700 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7701 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7702 **
7703 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7704 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7705 **
7706 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7707 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7708 ** may be added in the future.
7709 */
7710 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7711 
7712 /*
7713 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7714 **
7715 ** These macros define the various options to the
7716 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7717 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7718 **
7719 ** <dl>
7720 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7721 ** <dd>Calls of the form
7722 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7723 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7724 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7725 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7726 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7727 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7728 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7729 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7730 **
7731 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7732 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7733 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7734 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7735 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7736 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7737 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7738 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7739 ** had been ABORT.
7740 **
7741 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7742 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7743 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7744 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7745 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7746 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7747 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7748 ** constraint handling.
7749 ** </dl>
7750 */
7751 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7752 
7753 /*
7754 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7755 **
7756 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7757 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7758 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7759 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7760 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7761 ** [virtual table].
7762 */
7763 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7764 
7765 /*
7766 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7767 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7768 **
7769 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7770 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7771 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7772 **
7773 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7774 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7775 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7776 */
7777 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7778 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7779 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7780 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7781 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7782 
7783 /*
7784 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7785 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7786 **
7787 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7788 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7789 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7790 **
7791 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7792 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7793 ** S is finalized.
7794 **
7795 ** <dl>
7796 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7797 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7798 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7799 **
7800 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7801 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7802 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7803 **
7804 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7805 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7806 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7807 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7808 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7809 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7810 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7811 **
7812 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7813 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7814 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7815 ** used for the X-th loop.
7816 **
7817 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7818 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7819 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7820 ** description for the X-th loop.
7821 **
7822 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7823 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7824 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7825 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7826 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7827 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7828 ** </dl>
7829 */
7830 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7831 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7832 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7833 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7834 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7835 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7836 
7837 /*
7838 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7839 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7840 **
7841 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7842 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7843 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7844 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7845 **
7846 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7847 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7848 ** compile-time option.
7849 **
7850 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7851 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7852 ** of this interface is undefined.
7853 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7854 ** the "pOut" parameter.
7855 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7856 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7857 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7858 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7859 ** points to is unchanged.
7860 **
7861 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7862 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7863 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7864 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
7865 **
7866 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7867 */
7868 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7869   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7870   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7871   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7872   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7873 );
7874 
7875 /*
7876 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7877 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7878 **
7879 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7880 **
7881 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7882 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7883 */
7884 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7885 
7886 /*
7887 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
7888 **
7889 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
7890 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
7891 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
7892 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
7893 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
7894 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
7895 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
7896 ** any [attached] databases.
7897 **
7898 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
7899 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
7900 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
7901 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
7902 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
7903 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
7904 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
7905 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
7906 **
7907 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
7908 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
7909 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
7910 **
7911 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
7912 **
7913 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
7914 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
7915 */
7916 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
7917 
7918 /*
7919 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
7920 **
7921 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
7922 ** number that caused the most reason I/O error or failure to open a file.
7923 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
7924 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
7925 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
7926 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
7927 */
7928 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
7929 
7930 /*
7931 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
7932 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot}
7933 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7934 **
7935 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
7936 ** database for some specific point in history.
7937 **
7938 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
7939 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
7940 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
7941 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
7942 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
7943 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
7944 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
7945 **
7946 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
7947 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
7948 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
7949 ** the most recent version.
7950 **
7951 ** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
7952 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
7953 ** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
7954 ** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
7955 */
7956 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot sqlite3_snapshot;
7957 
7958 /*
7959 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
7960 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7961 **
7962 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
7963 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
7964 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
7965 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
7966 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
7967 ** ^If schema S of [database connection] D is not a [WAL mode] database
7968 ** that is in a read transaction, then [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)]
7969 ** leaves the *P value unchanged and returns an appropriate [error code].
7970 **
7971 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
7972 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
7973 ** to avoid a memory leak.
7974 **
7975 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
7976 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
7977 */
7978 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_get(
7979   sqlite3 *db,
7980   const char *zSchema,
7981   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
7982 );
7983 
7984 /*
7985 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
7986 ** EXPERIMENTAL
7987 **
7988 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface attempts to move the
7989 ** read transaction that is currently open on schema S of
7990 ** [database connection] D so that it refers to historical [snapshot] P.
7991 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
7992 ** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
7993 **
7994 ** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
7995 ** the first operation, apart from other sqlite3_snapshot_open() calls,
7996 ** following the [BEGIN] that starts a new read transaction.
7997 ** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
7998 ** [checkpoint].
7999 ** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if the database connection D has not
8000 ** previously completed at least one read operation against the database
8001 ** file.  (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8002 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8003 **
8004 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8005 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8006 */
8007 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8008   sqlite3 *db,
8009   const char *zSchema,
8010   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8011 );
8012 
8013 /*
8014 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8015 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8016 **
8017 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8018 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8019 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8020 **
8021 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8022 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8023 */
8024 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8025 
8026 /*
8027 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8028 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
8029 */
8030 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8031 # undef double
8032 #endif
8033 
8034 #ifdef __cplusplus
8035 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8036 #endif
8037 #endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
8038 
8039 /*
8040 ** 2010 August 30
8041 **
8042 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
8043 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
8044 **
8045 **    May you do good and not evil.
8046 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8047 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8048 **
8049 *************************************************************************
8050 */
8051 
8052 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8053 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8054 
8055 
8056 #ifdef __cplusplus
8057 extern "C" {
8058 #endif
8059 
8060 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
8061 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
8062 
8063 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
8064 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
8065 */
8066 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
8067   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8068 #else
8069   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8070 #endif
8071 
8072 /*
8073 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
8074 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8075 **
8076 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
8077 */
8078 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
8079   sqlite3 *db,
8080   const char *zGeom,
8081   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
8082   void *pContext
8083 );
8084 
8085 
8086 /*
8087 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
8088 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
8089 */
8090 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
8091   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
8092   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
8093   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
8094   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
8095   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
8096 };
8097 
8098 /*
8099 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
8100 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8101 **
8102 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
8103 */
8104 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
8105   sqlite3 *db,
8106   const char *zQueryFunc,
8107   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
8108   void *pContext,
8109   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
8110 );
8111 
8112 
8113 /*
8114 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
8115 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
8116 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
8117 **
8118 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
8119 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
8120 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
8121 */
8122 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
8123   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
8124   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
8125   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
8126   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
8127   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
8128   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
8129   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
8130   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
8131   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
8132   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
8133   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
8134   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
8135   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
8136   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
8137   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
8138   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
8139   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
8140 };
8141 
8142 /*
8143 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
8144 */
8145 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
8146 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
8147 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
8148 
8149 
8150 #ifdef __cplusplus
8151 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
8152 #endif
8153 
8154 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
8155 
8156 /*
8157 ** 2014 May 31
8158 **
8159 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
8160 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
8161 **
8162 **    May you do good and not evil.
8163 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8164 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8165 **
8166 ******************************************************************************
8167 **
8168 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
8169 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
8170 **
8171 **     * custom tokenizers, and
8172 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
8173 */
8174 
8175 
8176 #ifndef _FTS5_H
8177 #define _FTS5_H
8178 
8179 
8180 #ifdef __cplusplus
8181 extern "C" {
8182 #endif
8183 
8184 /*************************************************************************
8185 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
8186 **
8187 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
8188 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
8189 */
8190 
8191 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
8192 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
8193 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
8194 
8195 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
8196   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
8197   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
8198   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
8199   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
8200   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
8201 );
8202 
8203 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
8204   const unsigned char *a;
8205   const unsigned char *b;
8206 };
8207 
8208 /*
8209 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
8210 **
8211 ** xUserData(pFts):
8212 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
8213 **   registered with.
8214 **
8215 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
8216 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
8217 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
8218 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
8219 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
8220 **   the FTS5 table.
8221 **
8222 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
8223 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
8224 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
8225 **   returned.
8226 **
8227 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
8228 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
8229 **
8230 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
8231 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
8232 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
8233 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
8234 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
8235 **
8236 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
8237 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
8238 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
8239 **   returned.
8240 **
8241 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
8242 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
8243 **
8244 ** xColumnText:
8245 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
8246 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
8247 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
8248 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
8249 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
8250 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
8251 **
8252 ** xPhraseCount:
8253 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
8254 **
8255 ** xPhraseSize:
8256 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
8257 **   are numbered starting from zero.
8258 **
8259 ** xInstCount:
8260 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
8261 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
8262 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
8263 **
8264 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
8265 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
8266 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
8267 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
8268 **
8269 ** xInst:
8270 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
8271 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
8272 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
8273 **   output by xInstCount().
8274 **
8275 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
8276 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
8277 **   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
8278 **   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
8279 **   set to -1.
8280 **
8281 **   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM)
8282 **   if an error occurs.
8283 **
8284 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
8285 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
8286 **
8287 ** xRowid:
8288 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
8289 **
8290 ** xTokenize:
8291 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
8292 **
8293 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
8294 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
8295 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
8296 **
8297 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
8298 **
8299 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
8300 **   current query is executed. For each row visited, the callback function
8301 **   passed as the fourth argument is invoked. The context and API objects
8302 **   passed to the callback function may be used to access the properties of
8303 **   each matched row. Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer
8304 **   passed as the third argument to pUserData.
8305 **
8306 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
8307 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
8308 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
8309 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
8310 **
8311 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
8312 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
8313 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
8314 **
8315 **
8316 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
8317 **
8318 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions
8319 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
8320 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
8321 **   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
8322 **
8323 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
8324 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
8325 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
8326 **   single auxiliary data context.
8327 **
8328 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
8329 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
8330 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
8331 **   point.
8332 **
8333 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
8334 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
8335 **
8336 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
8337 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
8338 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
8339 **   pointer before returning.
8340 **
8341 **
8342 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
8343 **
8344 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
8345 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
8346 **
8347 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
8348 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
8349 **   if any, is not invoked.
8350 **
8351 **
8352 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
8353 **
8354 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
8355 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
8356 **
8357 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
8358 **
8359 ** xPhraseFirst()
8360 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
8361 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
8362 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
8363 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
8364 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
8365 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
8366 **
8367 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
8368 **       int iCol, iOff;
8369 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
8370 **           iCol>=0;
8371 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
8372 **       ){
8373 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
8374 **       }
8375 **
8376 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
8377 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
8378 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
8379 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
8380 **
8381 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
8382 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
8383 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
8384 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
8385 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
8386 **
8387 ** xPhraseNext()
8388 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
8389 **
8390 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
8391 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
8392 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
8393 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
8394 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
8395 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
8396 **
8397 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
8398 **       int iCol;
8399 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
8400 **           iCol>=0;
8401 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
8402 **       ){
8403 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
8404 **       }
8405 **
8406 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
8407 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
8408 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
8409 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
8410 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
8411 **
8412 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
8413 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
8414 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
8415 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
8416 **   "detail=column" tables.
8417 **
8418 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
8419 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
8420 */
8421 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
8422   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
8423 
8424   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
8425 
8426   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
8427   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
8428   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
8429 
8430   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
8431     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
8432     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
8433     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
8434   );
8435 
8436   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
8437   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
8438 
8439   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
8440   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
8441 
8442   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
8443   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
8444   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
8445 
8446   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
8447     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
8448   );
8449   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
8450   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
8451 
8452   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
8453   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
8454 
8455   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
8456   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
8457 };
8458 
8459 /*
8460 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
8461 *************************************************************************/
8462 
8463 /*************************************************************************
8464 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
8465 **
8466 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
8467 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
8468 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
8469 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
8470 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
8471 **
8472 ** xCreate:
8473 **   This function is used to allocate and inititalize a tokenizer instance.
8474 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
8475 **
8476 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
8477 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
8478 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
8479 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
8480 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
8481 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
8482 **   to create the FTS5 table.
8483 **
8484 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
8485 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
8486 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
8487 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
8488 **   is undefined.
8489 **
8490 ** xDelete:
8491 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
8492 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
8493 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
8494 **
8495 ** xTokenize:
8496 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
8497 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
8498 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
8499 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
8500 **
8501 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
8502 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
8503 **   four values:
8504 **
8505 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
8506 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
8507 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
8508 **            FTS index.
8509 **
8510 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
8511 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
8512 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
8513 **
8514 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
8515 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
8516 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
8517 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
8518 **
8519 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
8520 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
8521 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
8522 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
8523 **   </ul>
8524 **
8525 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
8526 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
8527 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
8528 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
8529 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
8530 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
8531 **   which the token is derived within the input.
8532 **
8533 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
8534 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
8535 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
8536 **
8537 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
8538 **   order that they occur within the input text.
8539 **
8540 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
8541 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
8542 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
8543 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
8544 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
8545 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
8546 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
8547 **
8548 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
8549 **
8550 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
8551 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
8552 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
8553 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
8554 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
8555 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
8556 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
8557 **
8558 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
8559 **
8560 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the
8561 **            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
8562 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
8563 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
8564 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
8565 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
8566 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
8567 **            as expected.
8568 **
8569 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
8570 **            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may
8571 **            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
8572 **            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
8573 **            example, faced with the query:
8574 **
8575 **   <codeblock>
8576 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
8577 **
8578 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
8579 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
8580 **            similar to:
8581 **
8582 **   <codeblock>
8583 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
8584 **
8585 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
8586 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
8587 **            being treated as a single phrase.
8588 **
8589 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
8590 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
8591 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
8592 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
8593 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
8594 **            "place".
8595 **
8596 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
8597 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
8598 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
8599 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
8600 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
8601 **   </ol>
8602 **
8603 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
8604 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
8605 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
8606 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
8607 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
8608 **
8609 **   <codeblock>
8610 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
8611 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
8612 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
8613 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
8614 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
8615 **</codeblock>
8616 **
8617 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
8618 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
8619 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
8620 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
8621 **   single token.
8622 **
8623 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
8624 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
8625 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
8626 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
8627 **   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
8628 **
8629 **   <codeblock>
8630 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
8631 **
8632 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
8633 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
8634 **
8635 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
8636 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
8637 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
8638 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
8639 **   within the database.
8640 **
8641 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
8642 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
8643 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
8644 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
8645 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
8646 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
8647 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
8648 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
8649 **
8650 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
8651 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
8652 **   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
8653 **   inefficient.
8654 */
8655 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
8656 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
8657 struct fts5_tokenizer {
8658   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
8659   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
8660   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
8661       void *pCtx,
8662       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
8663       const char *pText, int nText,
8664       int (*xToken)(
8665         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
8666         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
8667         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
8668         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
8669         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
8670         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
8671       )
8672   );
8673 };
8674 
8675 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
8676 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
8677 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
8678 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
8679 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
8680 
8681 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
8682 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
8683 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
8684 
8685 /*
8686 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
8687 *************************************************************************/
8688 
8689 /*************************************************************************
8690 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
8691 */
8692 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
8693 struct fts5_api {
8694   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
8695 
8696   /* Create a new tokenizer */
8697   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
8698     fts5_api *pApi,
8699     const char *zName,
8700     void *pContext,
8701     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
8702     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
8703   );
8704 
8705   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
8706   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
8707     fts5_api *pApi,
8708     const char *zName,
8709     void **ppContext,
8710     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
8711   );
8712 
8713   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
8714   int (*xCreateFunction)(
8715     fts5_api *pApi,
8716     const char *zName,
8717     void *pContext,
8718     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
8719     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
8720   );
8721 };
8722 
8723 /*
8724 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
8725 *************************************************************************/
8726 
8727 #ifdef __cplusplus
8728 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
8729 #endif
8730 
8731 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
8732 
8733 
8734