xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision 65b71c48d226f3ef3eb1c4452dccc678a7d2ac96)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34 #define _SQLITE3_H_
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
58 # define SQLITE_STDCALL
59 #endif
60 
61 /*
62 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
63 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
64 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
65 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
66 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
67 **
68 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
69 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
70 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
71 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
72 ** noop macros.
73 */
74 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
75 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
76 
77 /*
78 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
79 */
80 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
81 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
82 #endif
83 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
84 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
85 #endif
86 
87 /*
88 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
89 **
90 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
91 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
92 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
93 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
94 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
95 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
96 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
97 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
98 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
99 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
100 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
101 **
102 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
103 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
104 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
105 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
106 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
107 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
108 ** hash of the entire source tree.
109 **
110 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
111 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
112 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
113 */
114 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.8.11.1"
115 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3008011
116 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2015-07-29 20:00:57 cf538e2783e468bbc25e7cb2a9ee64d3e0e80b2f"
117 
118 /*
119 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
120 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
121 **
122 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
123 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
124 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
125 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
126 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
127 ** the header, and thus insure that the application is
128 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
129 **
130 ** <blockquote><pre>
131 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
132 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
133 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
134 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
135 **
136 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
137 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
138 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
139 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
140 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
141 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
142 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
143 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
144 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
145 **
146 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
147 */
148 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
149 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion(void);
150 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sourceid(void);
151 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
152 
153 /*
154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
155 **
156 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
157 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
158 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
159 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
160 **
161 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
162 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
163 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
164 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
165 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
166 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
167 **
168 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
169 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
170 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
171 **
172 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
173 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
174 */
175 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
176 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
177 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
178 #endif
179 
180 /*
181 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
182 **
183 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
184 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
185 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
186 **
187 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
188 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
189 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
190 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
191 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
192 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
193 **
194 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
195 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
196 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
197 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
198 **
199 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
200 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
201 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
202 **
203 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
204 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
205 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
206 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
207 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
208 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
209 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
210 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
211 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
212 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
213 **
214 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
215 */
216 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
217 
218 /*
219 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
220 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
221 **
222 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
223 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
224 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
225 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
226 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
227 ** interfaces (such as
228 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
229 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
230 ** sqlite3 object.
231 */
232 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
233 
234 /*
235 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
236 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
237 **
238 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
239 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
240 **
241 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
242 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
243 ** compatibility only.
244 **
245 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
246 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
247 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
248 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
249 */
250 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
251   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
252   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
253 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
254   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
255   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
256 #else
257   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
258   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
259 #endif
260 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
261 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
262 
263 /*
264 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
265 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
266 */
267 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
268 # define double sqlite3_int64
269 #endif
270 
271 /*
272 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
273 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
274 **
275 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
276 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
277 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
278 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
279 ** resources are deallocated.
280 **
281 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
282 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
283 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
284 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
285 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
286 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
287 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
288 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
289 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
290 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
291 **
292 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
293 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
294 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
295 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
296 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
297 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
298 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
299 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
300 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
301 **
302 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
303 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
304 **
305 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
306 ** must be either a NULL
307 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
308 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
309 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
310 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
311 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
312 */
313 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
314 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
315 
316 /*
317 ** The type for a callback function.
318 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
319 ** compatibility and is not documented.
320 */
321 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
322 
323 /*
324 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
325 ** METHOD: sqlite3
326 **
327 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
328 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
329 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
330 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
331 **
332 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
333 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
334 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
335 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
336 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
337 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
338 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
339 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
340 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
341 ** ignored.
342 **
343 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
344 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
345 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
346 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
347 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
348 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
349 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
350 ** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
351 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
352 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
353 ** NULL before returning.
354 **
355 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
356 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
357 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
358 **
359 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
360 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
361 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
362 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
363 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
364 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
365 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
366 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
367 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
368 **
369 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
370 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
371 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
372 ** is not changed.
373 **
374 ** Restrictions:
375 **
376 ** <ul>
377 ** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
378 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
379 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
380 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
381 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
382 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
383 ** </ul>
384 */
385 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_exec(
386   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
387   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
388   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
389   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
390   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
391 );
392 
393 /*
394 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
395 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
396 **
397 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
398 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
399 **
400 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
401 **
402 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
403 */
404 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
405 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
406 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
407 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
408 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
409 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
410 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
411 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
412 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
413 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
414 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
415 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
416 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
417 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
418 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
419 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
420 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
421 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
422 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
423 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
424 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
425 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
426 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
427 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
428 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
429 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
430 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
431 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
432 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
433 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
434 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
435 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
436 /* end-of-error-codes */
437 
438 /*
439 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
440 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
441 **
442 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
443 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
444 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
445 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
446 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
447 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
448 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
449 ** on a per database connection basis using the
450 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
451 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
452 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
453 */
454 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
455 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
456 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
457 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
458 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
459 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
460 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
461 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
462 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
507 
508 /*
509 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
510 **
511 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
512 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
513 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
514 */
515 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
516 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
517 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
518 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
519 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
520 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
521 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
522 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
523 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
524 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
525 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
526 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
529 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
530 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
531 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
532 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
533 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
535 
536 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
537 
538 /*
539 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
540 **
541 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
542 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
543 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
544 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
545 ** refers to.
546 **
547 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
548 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
549 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
550 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
551 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
552 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
553 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
554 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
555 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
556 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
557 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
558 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
559 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
560 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
561 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
562 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
563 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
564 ** elevated privileges.
565 */
566 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
567 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
568 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
569 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
570 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
571 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
572 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
573 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
574 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
575 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
576 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
577 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
578 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
579 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
580 
581 /*
582 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
583 **
584 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
585 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
586 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
587 */
588 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
589 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
590 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
591 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
592 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
593 
594 /*
595 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
596 **
597 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
598 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
599 ** these integer values as the second argument.
600 **
601 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
602 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
603 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
604 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
605 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
606 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
607 **
608 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
609 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
610 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
611 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
612 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
613 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
614 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
615 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
616 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
617 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
618 ** cares about the difference.)
619 */
620 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
621 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
622 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
623 
624 /*
625 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
626 **
627 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
628 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
629 ** implementations will
630 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
631 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
632 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
633 ** I/O operations on the open file.
634 */
635 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
636 struct sqlite3_file {
637   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
638 };
639 
640 /*
641 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
642 **
643 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
644 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
645 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
646 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
647 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
648 **
649 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
650 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
651 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
652 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
653 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
654 ** to NULL.
655 **
656 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
657 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
658 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
659 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
660 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
661 **
662 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
663 ** <ul>
664 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
665 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
666 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
667 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
668 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
669 ** </ul>
670 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
671 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
672 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
673 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
674 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
675 **
676 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
677 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
678 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
679 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
680 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
681 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
682 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
683 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
684 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
685 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
686 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
687 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
688 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
689 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
690 ** recognize.
691 **
692 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
693 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
694 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
695 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
696 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
697 ** underlying device:
698 **
699 ** <ul>
700 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
701 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
704 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
705 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
706 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
707 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
708 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
709 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
710 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
711 ** </ul>
712 **
713 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
714 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
715 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
716 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
717 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
718 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
719 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
720 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
721 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
722 ** to xWrite().
723 **
724 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
725 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
726 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
727 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
728 ** database corruption.
729 */
730 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
731 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
732   int iVersion;
733   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
734   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
735   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
736   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
737   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
738   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
739   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
740   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
741   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
742   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
743   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
744   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
745   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
746   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
747   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
748   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
749   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
750   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
751   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
752   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
753   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
754   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
755 };
756 
757 /*
758 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
759 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
760 **
761 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
762 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
763 ** interface.
764 **
765 ** <ul>
766 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
767 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
768 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
769 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
770 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
771 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
772 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
773 ** compile-time option is used.
774 **
775 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
776 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
777 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
778 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
779 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
780 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
781 ** file run faster.
782 **
783 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
784 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
785 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
786 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
787 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
788 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
789 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
790 ** improve performance on some systems.
791 **
792 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
793 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
794 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
795 ** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
796 ** additional information.
797 **
798 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
799 ** No longer in use.
800 **
801 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
802 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
803 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
804 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
805 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
806 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
807 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
808 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
809 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
810 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
811 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
812 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
813 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
814 **
815 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
816 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
817 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
818 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
819 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
820 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
821 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
822 **
823 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
824 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
825 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
826 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
827 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
828 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
829 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
830 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
831 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
832 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
833 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
834 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
835 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
836 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
837 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
838 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
839 **
840 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
841 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
842 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
843 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
844 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
845 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
846 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
847 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
848 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
849 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
850 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
851 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
852 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
853 ** WAL persistence setting.
854 **
855 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
856 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
857 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
858 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
859 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
860 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
861 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
862 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
863 ** zero-damage mode setting.
864 **
865 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
866 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
867 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
868 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
869 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
870 **
871 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
872 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
873 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
874 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
875 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
876 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
877 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
878 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
879 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
880 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
881 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
882 **
883 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
884 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
885 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
886 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
887 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
888 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
889 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
890 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
891 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
892 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
893 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
894 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
895 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
896 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
897 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
898 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
899 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
900 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
901 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
902 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
903 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
904 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
905 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
906 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
907 **
908 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
909 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
910 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
911 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
912 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
913 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
914 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
915 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
916 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
917 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
918 ** current operation.
919 **
920 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
921 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
922 ** to have SQLite generate a
923 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
924 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
925 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
926 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
927 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
928 **
929 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
930 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
931 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
932 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
933 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
934 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
935 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
936 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
937 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
938 **
939 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
940 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
941 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
942 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
943 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
944 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
945 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
946 **
947 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
948 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
949 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
950 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
951 ** was first opened.
952 **
953 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
954 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
955 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
956 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
957 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
958 **
959 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
960 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
961 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
962 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
963 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
964 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
965 **
966 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
967 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
968 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
969 **
970 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
971 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
972 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
973 ** this opcode.
974 ** </ul>
975 */
976 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
977 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
978 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
979 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
980 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
981 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
982 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
983 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
984 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
985 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
986 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
987 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
988 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
989 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
990 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
991 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
992 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
993 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
994 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
995 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
996 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
997 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
998 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
999 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1000 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1001 
1002 /* deprecated names */
1003 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1004 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1005 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1006 
1007 
1008 /*
1009 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1010 **
1011 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1012 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1013 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1014 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1015 **
1016 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1017 */
1018 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1019 
1020 /*
1021 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1022 **
1023 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1024 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1025 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1026 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1027 **
1028 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1029 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1030 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1031 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1032 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1033 ** modified.
1034 **
1035 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1036 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1037 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1038 **
1039 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1040 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1041 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1042 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1043 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1044 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1045 **
1046 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1047 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1048 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1049 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1050 ** object once the object has been registered.
1051 **
1052 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1053 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1054 **
1055 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1056 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1057 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1058 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1059 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1060 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1061 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1062 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1063 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1064 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1065 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1066 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1067 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1068 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1069 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1070 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1071 **
1072 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1073 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1074 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1075 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1076 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1077 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1078 **
1079 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1080 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1081 **
1082 ** <ul>
1083 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1084 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1085 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1086 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1087 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1088 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1089 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1090 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1091 ** </ul>)^
1092 **
1093 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1094 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1095 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1096 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1097 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1098 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1099 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1100 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1101 **
1102 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1103 **
1104 ** <ul>
1105 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1106 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1107 ** </ul>
1108 **
1109 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1110 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1111 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1112 ** databases, and subjournals.
1113 **
1114 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1115 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1116 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1117 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1118 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1119 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1120 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1121 ** for exclusive access.
1122 **
1123 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1124 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1125 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1126 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1127 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1128 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1129 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1130 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1131 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1132 **
1133 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1134 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1135 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1136 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1137 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1138 ** directory.
1139 **
1140 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1141 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1142 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1143 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1144 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1145 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1146 **
1147 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1148 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1149 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1150 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1151 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1152 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1153 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1154 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1155 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1156 ** a floating point value.
1157 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1158 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1159 ** a 24-hour day).
1160 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1161 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1162 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1163 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1164 **
1165 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1166 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1167 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1168 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1169 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1170 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1171 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1172 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1173 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1174 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1175 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1176 */
1177 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1178 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1179 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1180   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1181   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1182   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1183   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1184   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1185   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1186   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1187                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1188   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1189   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1190   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1191   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1192   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1193   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1194   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1195   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1196   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1197   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1198   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1199   /*
1200   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1201   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1202   */
1203   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1204   /*
1205   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1206   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1207   */
1208   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1209   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1210   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1211   /*
1212   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1213   ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1214   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1215   */
1216 };
1217 
1218 /*
1219 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1220 **
1221 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1222 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1223 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1224 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1225 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1226 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1227 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1228 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1229 ** the directory).
1230 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1231 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1232 ** release of SQLite.
1233 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1234 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1235 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1236 ** SQLite.
1237 */
1238 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1239 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1240 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1241 
1242 /*
1243 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1244 **
1245 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1246 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1247 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1248 ** xShmLock method:
1249 **
1250 ** <ul>
1251 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1252 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1253 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1254 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1255 ** </ul>
1256 **
1257 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1258 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1259 **
1260 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1261 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1262 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1263 */
1264 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1265 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1266 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1267 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1268 
1269 /*
1270 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1271 **
1272 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1273 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1274 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1275 ** lock outside of this range
1276 */
1277 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1278 
1279 
1280 /*
1281 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1282 **
1283 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1284 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1285 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1286 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1287 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1288 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1289 **
1290 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1291 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1292 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1293 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1294 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1295 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1296 **
1297 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1298 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1299 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1300 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1301 **
1302 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1303 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1304 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1305 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1306 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1307 **
1308 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1309 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1310 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1311 **
1312 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1313 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1314 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1315 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1316 **
1317 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1318 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1319 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1320 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1321 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1322 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1323 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1324 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1325 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1326 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1327 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1328 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1329 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1330 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1331 **
1332 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1333 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1334 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1335 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1336 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1337 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1338 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1339 **
1340 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1341 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1342 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1343 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1344 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1345 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1346 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1347 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1348 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1349 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1350 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1351 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1352 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1353 ** failure.
1354 */
1355 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_initialize(void);
1356 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1357 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_init(void);
1358 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_end(void);
1359 
1360 /*
1361 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1362 **
1363 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1364 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1365 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1366 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1367 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1368 **
1369 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1370 ** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1371 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1372 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1373 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1374 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1375 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1376 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1377 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1378 **
1379 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1380 ** [configuration option] that determines
1381 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1382 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1383 ** in the first argument.
1384 **
1385 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1386 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1387 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1388 */
1389 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1390 
1391 /*
1392 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1393 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1394 **
1395 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1396 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1397 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1398 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1399 **
1400 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1401 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1402 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1403 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1404 **
1405 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1406 ** the call is considered successful.
1407 */
1408 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1409 
1410 /*
1411 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1412 **
1413 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1414 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1415 **
1416 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1417 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1418 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1419 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1420 ** By creating an instance of this object
1421 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1422 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1423 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1424 ** dynamic memory needs.
1425 **
1426 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1427 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1428 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1429 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1430 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1431 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1432 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1433 ** conditions.
1434 **
1435 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1436 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1437 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1438 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1439 **
1440 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1441 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1442 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1443 **
1444 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1445 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1446 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1447 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1448 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1449 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1450 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1451 **
1452 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1453 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1454 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1455 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1456 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1457 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1458 **
1459 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1460 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1461 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1462 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1463 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1464 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1465 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1466 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1467 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1468 ** serialization.
1469 **
1470 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1471 ** call to xShutdown().
1472 */
1473 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1474 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1475   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1476   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1477   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1478   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1479   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1480   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1481   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1482   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1483 };
1484 
1485 /*
1486 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1487 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1488 **
1489 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1490 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1491 **
1492 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1493 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1494 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1495 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1496 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1497 ** is invoked.
1498 **
1499 ** <dl>
1500 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1501 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1502 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1503 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1504 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1505 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1506 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1507 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1508 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1509 ** configuration option.</dd>
1510 **
1511 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1512 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1513 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1514 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1515 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1516 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1517 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1518 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1519 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1520 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1521 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1522 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1523 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1524 **
1525 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1526 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1527 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1528 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1529 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1530 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1531 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1532 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1533 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1534 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1535 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1536 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1537 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1538 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1539 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1540 **
1541 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1542 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1543 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1544 ** The argument specifies
1545 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1546 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1547 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1548 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1549 **
1550 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1551 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1552 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1553 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1554 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1555 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1556 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1557 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1558 **
1559 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1560 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1561 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1562 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1563 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1564 **   <ul>
1565 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1566 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1567 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1568 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1569 **   </ul>)^
1570 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1571 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1572 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1573 ** </dd>
1574 **
1575 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1576 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1577 ** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1578 ** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1579 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1580 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1581 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1582 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1583 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1584 ** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1585 ** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1586 ** times the database page size.
1587 ** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1588 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1589 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1590 ** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1591 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1592 ** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1593 ** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1594 ** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1595 ** </dd>
1596 **
1597 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1598 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a static memory buffer
1599 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1600 ** cache implementation.
1601 ** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1602 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]
1603 ** configuration option.
1604 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1605 ** 8-byte aligned
1606 ** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1607 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1608 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1609 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1610 ** can be determined using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ] option
1611 ** to [sqlite3_config()].
1612 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1613 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The first
1614 ** argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned block of memory that
1615 ** is at least sz*N bytes of memory, otherwise subsequent behavior is
1616 ** undefined.
1617 ** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1618 ** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1619 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1620 ** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
1621 **
1622 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1623 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1624 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1625 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1626 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1627 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1628 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1629 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1630 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1631 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1632 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1633 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1634 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1635 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1636 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1637 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1638 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1639 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1640 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1641 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1642 **
1643 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1644 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1645 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1646 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1647 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1648 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1649 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1650 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1651 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1652 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1653 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1654 **
1655 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1656 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1657 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1658 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1659 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1660 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1661 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1662 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1663 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1664 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1665 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1666 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1667 **
1668 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1669 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1670 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1671 ** The first argument is the
1672 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1673 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1674 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1675 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1676 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1677 **
1678 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1679 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1680 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1681 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1682 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1683 **
1684 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1685 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1686 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1687 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1688 **
1689 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1690 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1691 ** global [error log].
1692 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1693 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1694 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1695 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1696 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1697 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1698 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1699 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1700 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1701 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1702 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1703 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1704 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1705 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1706 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1707 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1708 **
1709 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1710 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1711 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1712 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1713 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1714 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1715 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1716 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1717 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1718 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1719 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1720 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1721 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1722 **
1723 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1724 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1725 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1726 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1727 ** ^The default setting is determined
1728 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1729 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1730 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1731 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1732 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1733 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1734 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1735 **
1736 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1737 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1738 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1739 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1740 ** </dd>
1741 **
1742 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1743 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1744 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1745 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1746 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1747 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1748 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1749 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1750 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1751 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1752 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1753 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1754 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1755 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1756 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1757 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1758 **
1759 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1760 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1761 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1762 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1763 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1764 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1765 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1766 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1767 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1768 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1769 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1770 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1771 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1772 **
1773 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1774 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1775 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1776 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1777 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1778 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1779 **
1780 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1781 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1782 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1783 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1784 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1785 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1786 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1787 **
1788 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1789 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1790 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1791 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1792 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1793 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1794 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1795 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1796 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1797 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1798 ** </dl>
1799 */
1800 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1801 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1802 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1803 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1804 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1805 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1806 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1807 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1808 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1809 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1810 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1811 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1812 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1813 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1814 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1815 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1816 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1817 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1818 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1819 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1820 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1821 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1822 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1823 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1824 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1825 
1826 /*
1827 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1828 **
1829 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1830 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1831 **
1832 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1833 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1834 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1835 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1836 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1837 ** is invoked.
1838 **
1839 ** <dl>
1840 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1841 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1842 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1843 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1844 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1845 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1846 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1847 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1848 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1849 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1850 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1851 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1852 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1853 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1854 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1855 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1856 ** when the "current value" returned by
1857 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1858 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1859 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1860 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1861 **
1862 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1863 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1864 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1865 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1866 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1867 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1868 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1869 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1870 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1871 **
1872 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1873 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1874 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1875 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1876 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1877 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1878 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1879 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1880 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1881 **
1882 ** </dl>
1883 */
1884 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1885 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1886 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1887 
1888 
1889 /*
1890 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1891 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1892 **
1893 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1894 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1895 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1896 */
1897 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1898 
1899 /*
1900 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1901 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1902 **
1903 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1904 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
1905 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1906 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1907 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1908 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1909 ** is another alias for the rowid.
1910 **
1911 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1912 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1913 ** on database connection D.
1914 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1915 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1916 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1917 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1918 **
1919 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1920 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1921 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1922 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1923 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1924 ** table method began.)^
1925 **
1926 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1927 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1928 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1929 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1930 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1931 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1932 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1933 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1934 ** the return value of this interface.)^
1935 **
1936 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1937 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1938 **
1939 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1940 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1941 **
1942 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1943 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1944 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1945 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1946 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1947 ** last insert [rowid].
1948 */
1949 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1950 
1951 /*
1952 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1953 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1954 **
1955 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
1956 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
1957 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
1958 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
1959 ** returned by this function.
1960 **
1961 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
1962 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
1963 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
1964 **
1965 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
1966 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
1967 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
1968 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
1969 ** tables are counted.
1970 **
1971 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
1972 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
1973 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
1974 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
1975 **
1976 ** <ul>
1977 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
1978 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
1979 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
1980 **
1981 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
1982 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
1983 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
1984 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
1985 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
1986 ** </ul>
1987 **
1988 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
1989 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
1990 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
1991 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
1992 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
1993 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
1994 **
1995 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1996 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1997 **
1998 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1999 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2000 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2001 */
2002 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2003 
2004 /*
2005 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2006 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2007 **
2008 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2009 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2010 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2011 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2012 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2013 **
2014 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2015 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2016 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2017 ** are not counted.
2018 **
2019 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2020 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2021 **
2022 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2023 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2024 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2025 */
2026 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2027 
2028 /*
2029 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2030 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2031 **
2032 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2033 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2034 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2035 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2036 ** immediately.
2037 **
2038 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2039 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2040 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2041 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2042 **
2043 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2044 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2045 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2046 **
2047 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2048 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2049 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2050 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2051 **
2052 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2053 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2054 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2055 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2056 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2057 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2058 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2059 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2060 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2061 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2062 **
2063 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2064 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2065 */
2066 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2067 
2068 /*
2069 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2070 **
2071 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2072 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2073 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2074 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2075 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2076 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2077 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2078 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2079 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2080 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2081 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2082 **
2083 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2084 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2085 **
2086 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2087 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2088 **
2089 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2090 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2091 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2092 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2093 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2094 **
2095 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2096 ** UTF-8 string.
2097 **
2098 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2099 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2100 */
2101 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2102 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2103 
2104 /*
2105 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2106 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2107 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2108 **
2109 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2110 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2111 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2112 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2113 ** or process has the table locked.
2114 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2115 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2116 **
2117 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2118 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2119 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2120 **
2121 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2122 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2123 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2124 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2125 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2126 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2127 ** to the application.
2128 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2129 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2130 **
2131 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2132 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2133 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2134 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2135 ** busy handler.
2136 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2137 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2138 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2139 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2140 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2141 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2142 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2143 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2144 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2145 ** the second process to proceed.
2146 **
2147 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2148 **
2149 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2150 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2151 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2152 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2153 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2154 **
2155 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2156 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2157 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2158 ** result in undefined behavior.
2159 **
2160 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2161 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2162 */
2163 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2164 
2165 /*
2166 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2167 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2168 **
2169 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2170 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2171 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2172 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2173 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2174 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2175 **
2176 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2177 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2178 **
2179 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2180 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2181 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2182 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2183 **
2184 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2185 */
2186 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2187 
2188 /*
2189 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2190 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2191 **
2192 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2193 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2194 **
2195 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2196 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2197 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2198 **
2199 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2200 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2201 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2202 ** and M be the number of columns.
2203 **
2204 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2205 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2206 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2207 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2208 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2209 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2210 **
2211 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2212 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2213 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2214 **
2215 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2216 ** is as follows:
2217 **
2218 ** <blockquote><pre>
2219 **        Name        | Age
2220 **        -----------------------
2221 **        Alice       | 43
2222 **        Bob         | 28
2223 **        Cindy       | 21
2224 ** </pre></blockquote>
2225 **
2226 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2227 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2228 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2229 **
2230 ** <blockquote><pre>
2231 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2232 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2233 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2234 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2235 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2236 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2237 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2238 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2239 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2240 **
2241 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2242 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2243 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2244 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2245 **
2246 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2247 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2248 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2249 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2250 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2251 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2252 **
2253 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2254 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2255 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2256 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2257 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2258 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2259 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2260 */
2261 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_table(
2262   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2263   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2264   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2265   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2266   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2267   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2268 );
2269 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2270 
2271 /*
2272 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2273 **
2274 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2275 ** from the standard C library.
2276 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2277 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2278 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2279 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2280 **
2281 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2282 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2283 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2284 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2285 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2286 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2287 **
2288 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2289 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2290 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2291 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2292 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2293 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2294 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2295 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2296 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2297 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2298 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2299 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2300 **
2301 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2302 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2303 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2304 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2305 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2306 **
2307 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2308 **
2309 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2310 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2311 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2312 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2313 **
2314 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2315 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2316 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2317 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2318 ** the string.
2319 **
2320 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2321 **
2322 ** <blockquote><pre>
2323 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2324 ** </pre></blockquote>
2325 **
2326 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2327 **
2328 ** <blockquote><pre>
2329 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2330 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2331 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2332 ** </pre></blockquote>
2333 **
2334 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2335 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2336 **
2337 ** <blockquote><pre>
2338 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2339 ** </pre></blockquote>
2340 **
2341 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2342 ** would have looked like this:
2343 **
2344 ** <blockquote><pre>
2345 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2346 ** </pre></blockquote>
2347 **
2348 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2349 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2350 **
2351 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2352 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2353 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2354 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2355 **
2356 ** <blockquote><pre>
2357 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2358 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2359 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2360 ** </pre></blockquote>
2361 **
2362 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2363 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2364 **
2365 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2366 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2367 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2368 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2369 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2370 **
2371 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2372 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2373 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2374 */
2375 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2376 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2377 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2378 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2379 
2380 /*
2381 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2382 **
2383 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2384 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2385 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2386 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2387 **
2388 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2389 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2390 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2391 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2392 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2393 ** a NULL pointer.
2394 **
2395 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2396 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2397 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2398 **
2399 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2400 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2401 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2402 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2403 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2404 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2405 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2406 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2407 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2408 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2409 **
2410 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2411 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2412 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2413 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2414 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2415 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2416 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2417 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2418 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2419 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2420 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2421 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2422 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2423 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2424 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2425 **
2426 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2427 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2428 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2429 **
2430 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2431 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2432 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2433 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2434 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2435 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2436 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2437 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2438 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2439 **
2440 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2441 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2442 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2443 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2444 ** option is used.
2445 **
2446 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2447 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2448 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2449 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2450 **
2451 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2452 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2453 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2454 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2455 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2456 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2457 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2458 **
2459 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2460 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2461 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2462 ** not yet been released.
2463 **
2464 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2465 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2466 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2467 */
2468 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc(int);
2469 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2470 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2471 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2472 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free(void*);
2473 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_msize(void*);
2474 
2475 /*
2476 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2477 **
2478 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2479 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2480 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2481 **
2482 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2483 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2484 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2485 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2486 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2487 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2488 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2489 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2490 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2491 **
2492 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2493 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2494 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2495 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2496 ** prior to the reset.
2497 */
2498 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2499 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2500 
2501 /*
2502 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2503 **
2504 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2505 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2506 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2507 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2508 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2509 **
2510 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2511 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2512 **
2513 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2514 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2515 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2516 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2517 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2518 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2519 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2520 ** method.
2521 */
2522 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2523 
2524 /*
2525 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2526 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2527 **
2528 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2529 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2530 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2531 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2532 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2533 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2534 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2535 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2536 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2537 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2538 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2539 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2540 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2541 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2542 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2543 **
2544 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2545 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2546 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2547 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2548 ** access is denied.
2549 **
2550 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2551 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2552 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2553 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2554 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2555 ** details about the action to be authorized.
2556 **
2557 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2558 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2559 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2560 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2561 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2562 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2563 ** columns of a table.
2564 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2565 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2566 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2567 **
2568 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2569 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2570 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2571 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2572 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2573 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2574 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2575 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2576 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2577 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2578 **
2579 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2580 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2581 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2582 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2583 **
2584 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2585 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2586 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2587 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2588 **
2589 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2590 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2591 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2592 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2593 **
2594 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2595 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2596 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2597 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2598 **
2599 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2600 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2601 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2602 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2603 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2604 */
2605 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2606   sqlite3*,
2607   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2608   void *pUserData
2609 );
2610 
2611 /*
2612 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2613 **
2614 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2615 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2616 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2617 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2618 ** information.
2619 **
2620 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2621 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2622 */
2623 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2624 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2625 
2626 /*
2627 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2628 **
2629 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2630 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2631 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2632 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2633 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2634 **
2635 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2636 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2637 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2638 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2639 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2640 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2641 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2642 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2643 ** top-level SQL code.
2644 */
2645 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2646 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2647 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2648 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2649 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2650 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2651 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2652 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2653 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2654 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2655 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2656 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2657 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2658 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2659 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2660 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2661 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2662 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2663 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2664 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2665 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2666 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2667 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2668 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2669 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2670 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2671 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2672 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2673 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2674 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2675 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2676 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2677 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2678 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2679 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2680 
2681 /*
2682 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2683 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2684 **
2685 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2686 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2687 **
2688 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2689 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2690 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2691 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2692 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2693 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2694 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2695 **
2696 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2697 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2698 **
2699 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2700 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2701 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2702 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2703 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2704 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2705 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2706 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2707 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2708 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2709 */
2710 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2711 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2712    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2713 
2714 /*
2715 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2716 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2717 **
2718 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2719 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2720 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2721 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
2722 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2723 **
2724 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2725 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2726 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2727 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2728 ** handler is disabled.
2729 **
2730 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2731 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2732 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2733 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2734 ** than 1.
2735 **
2736 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2737 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2738 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2739 **
2740 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2741 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2742 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2743 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2744 **
2745 */
2746 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2747 
2748 /*
2749 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2750 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2751 **
2752 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2753 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2754 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2755 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2756 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2757 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2758 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2759 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2760 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2761 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2762 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2763 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2764 **
2765 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2766 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2767 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2768 **
2769 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2770 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2771 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2772 **
2773 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2774 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2775 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2776 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2777 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2778 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2779 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2780 **
2781 ** <dl>
2782 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2783 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2784 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2785 **
2786 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2787 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2788 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2789 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2790 **
2791 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2792 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2793 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2794 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2795 ** </dl>
2796 **
2797 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2798 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2799 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2800 ** then the behavior is undefined.
2801 **
2802 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2803 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2804 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2805 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2806 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2807 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2808 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2809 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2810 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2811 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2812 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2813 **
2814 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2815 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2816 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2817 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2818 **
2819 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2820 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2821 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2822 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2823 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2824 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2825 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2826 **
2827 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2828 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2829 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2830 **
2831 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2832 **
2833 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2834 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2835 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2836 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2837 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2838 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2839 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2840 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2841 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2842 ** information.
2843 **
2844 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2845 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2846 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2847 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2848 ** present, is ignored.
2849 **
2850 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2851 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2852 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2853 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2854 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2855 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2856 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2857 **
2858 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
2859 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2860 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2861 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2862 ** following query parameters:
2863 **
2864 ** <ul>
2865 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2866 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2867 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2868 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2869 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2870 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2871 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2872 **
2873 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2874 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2875 **     an error)^.
2876 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2877 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2878 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2879 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2880 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2881 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2882 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2883 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2884 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2885 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2886 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2887 **
2888 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2889 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2890 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2891 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2892 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2893 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2894 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2895 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2896 **
2897 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2898 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2899 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
2900 **
2901 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2902 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2903 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2904 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2905 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2906 **     processes uses nolock=1.
2907 **
2908 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2909 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2910 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2911 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2912 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2913 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2914 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2915 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2916 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2917 **
2918 ** </ul>
2919 **
2920 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2921 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2922 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2923 ** additional information.
2924 **
2925 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2926 **
2927 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2928 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2929 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2930 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2931 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2932 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2933 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2934 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2935 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2936 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2937 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2938 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2939 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2940 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2941 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2942 **          in URI filenames.
2943 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2944 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2945 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2946 **          default, use a private cache.
2947 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2948 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2949 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2950 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2951 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2952 ** </table>
2953 **
2954 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2955 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2956 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2957 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2958 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2959 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2960 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2961 ** the results are undefined.
2962 **
2963 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2964 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2965 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2966 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2967 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2968 **
2969 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2970 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2971 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2972 **
2973 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2974 */
2975 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open(
2976   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2977   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2978 );
2979 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open16(
2980   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2981   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2982 );
2983 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open_v2(
2984   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2985   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2986   int flags,              /* Flags */
2987   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2988 );
2989 
2990 /*
2991 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2992 **
2993 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2994 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2995 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2996 **
2997 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2998 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2999 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3000 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3001 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3002 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3003 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3004 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3005 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3006 **
3007 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3008 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3009 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3010 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3011 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3012 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3013 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3014 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3015 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3016 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3017 **
3018 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3019 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3020 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3021 ** zero is returned.
3022 **
3023 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3024 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3025 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3026 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3027 ** undesirable.
3028 */
3029 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3030 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3031 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3032 
3033 
3034 /*
3035 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3036 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3037 **
3038 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3039 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3040 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3041 ** API call.
3042 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3043 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3044 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3045 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3046 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3047 ** disabled.
3048 **
3049 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3050 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3051 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3052 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3053 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3054 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3055 **
3056 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3057 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3058 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3059 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3060 **
3061 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3062 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3063 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3064 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3065 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3066 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3067 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3068 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3069 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3070 **
3071 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3072 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3073 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3074 */
3075 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3076 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3077 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3078 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3079 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errstr(int);
3080 
3081 /*
3082 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3083 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3084 **
3085 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3086 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3087 **
3088 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3089 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3090 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3091 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3092 **
3093 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3094 **
3095 ** <ol>
3096 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3097 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3098 **      interfaces.
3099 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3100 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3101 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3102 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3103 ** </ol>
3104 */
3105 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3106 
3107 /*
3108 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3109 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3110 **
3111 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3112 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3113 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3114 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3115 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3116 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3117 **
3118 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3119 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3120 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3121 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3122 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3123 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3124 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3125 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3126 **
3127 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3128 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3129 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3130 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3131 **
3132 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3133 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3134 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3135 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3136 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3137 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3138 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3139 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3140 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3141 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3142 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3143 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3144 **
3145 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3146 */
3147 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3148 
3149 /*
3150 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3151 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3152 **
3153 ** These constants define various performance limits
3154 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3155 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3156 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3157 **
3158 ** <dl>
3159 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3160 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3161 **
3162 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3163 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3164 **
3165 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3166 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3167 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3168 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3169 **
3170 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3171 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3172 **
3173 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3174 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3175 **
3176 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3177 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3178 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3179 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3180 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
3181 **
3182 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3183 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3184 **
3185 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3186 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3187 **
3188 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3189 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3190 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3191 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3192 **
3193 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3194 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3195 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3196 **
3197 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3198 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3199 **
3200 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3201 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3202 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3203 ** </dl>
3204 */
3205 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3206 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3207 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3208 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3209 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3210 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3211 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3212 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3213 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3214 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3215 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3216 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3217 
3218 /*
3219 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3220 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3221 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3222 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3223 **
3224 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3225 ** program using one of these routines.
3226 **
3227 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3228 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3229 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3230 **
3231 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3232 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3233 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3234 ** use UTF-16.
3235 **
3236 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3237 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3238 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3239 ** statement is generated.
3240 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3241 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3242 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3243 ** the nul-terminator.
3244 **
3245 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3246 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3247 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3248 ** what remains uncompiled.
3249 **
3250 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3251 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3252 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3253 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3254 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3255 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3256 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3257 **
3258 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3259 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3260 **
3261 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3262 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3263 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3264 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3265 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3266 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3267 ** behave differently in three ways:
3268 **
3269 ** <ol>
3270 ** <li>
3271 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3272 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3273 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3274 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3275 ** </li>
3276 **
3277 ** <li>
3278 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3279 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3280 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3281 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3282 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3283 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3284 ** </li>
3285 **
3286 ** <li>
3287 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3288 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3289 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3290 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3291 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3292 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3293 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3294 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3295 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3296 ** </li>
3297 ** </ol>
3298 */
3299 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare(
3300   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3301   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3302   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3303   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3304   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3305 );
3306 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3307   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3308   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3309   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3310   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3311   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3312 );
3313 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16(
3314   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3315   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3316   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3317   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3318   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3319 );
3320 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3321   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3322   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3323   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3324   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3325   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3326 );
3327 
3328 /*
3329 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3330 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3331 **
3332 ** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3333 ** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3334 ** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3335 */
3336 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3337 
3338 /*
3339 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3340 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3341 **
3342 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3343 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3344 ** the content of the database file.
3345 **
3346 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3347 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3348 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3349 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3350 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3351 **
3352 ** <blockquote><pre>
3353 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3354 ** </pre></blockquote>
3355 **
3356 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3357 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3358 **
3359 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3360 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3361 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3362 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3363 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3364 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3365 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3366 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3367 */
3368 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3369 
3370 /*
3371 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3372 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3373 **
3374 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3375 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3376 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3377 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3378 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3379 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3380 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3381 **
3382 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3383 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3384 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3385 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3386 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3387 */
3388 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3389 
3390 /*
3391 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3392 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3393 **
3394 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3395 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3396 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3397 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3398 **
3399 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3400 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3401 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3402 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3403 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3404 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3405 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3406 **
3407 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3408 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3409 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3410 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3411 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3412 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3413 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3414 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3415 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3416 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3417 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3418 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3419 **
3420 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3421 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3422 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3423 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3424 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3425 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3426 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3427 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3428 */
3429 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3430 
3431 /*
3432 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3433 **
3434 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3435 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3436 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3437 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3438 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3439 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3440 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3441 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3442 */
3443 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3444 
3445 /*
3446 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3447 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3448 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3449 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3450 **
3451 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3452 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3453 ** templates:
3454 **
3455 ** <ul>
3456 ** <li>  ?
3457 ** <li>  ?NNN
3458 ** <li>  :VVV
3459 ** <li>  @VVV
3460 ** <li>  $VVV
3461 ** </ul>
3462 **
3463 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3464 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3465 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3466 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3467 **
3468 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3469 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3470 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3471 **
3472 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3473 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3474 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3475 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3476 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3477 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3478 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3479 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3480 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3481 **
3482 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3483 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3484 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3485 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3486 **
3487 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3488 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3489 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3490 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3491 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3492 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3493 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3494 ** the behavior is undefined.
3495 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3496 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3497 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3498 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3499 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3500 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3501 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3502 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3503 **
3504 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3505 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3506 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3507 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3508 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3509 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3510 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3511 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3512 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3513 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3514 **
3515 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3516 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3517 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3518 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3519 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3520 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3521 ** is undefined.
3522 **
3523 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3524 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3525 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3526 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3527 ** content is later written using
3528 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3529 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3530 **
3531 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3532 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3533 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3534 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3535 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3536 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3537 **
3538 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3539 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3540 **
3541 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3542 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3543 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3544 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3545 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3546 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3547 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3548 **
3549 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3550 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3551 */
3552 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3553 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3554                         void(*)(void*));
3555 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3556 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3557 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3558 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3559 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3560 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3561 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3562                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3563 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3564 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3565 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3566 
3567 /*
3568 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3569 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3570 **
3571 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3572 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3573 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3574 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3575 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3576 **
3577 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3578 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3579 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3580 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3581 **
3582 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3583 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3584 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3585 */
3586 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3587 
3588 /*
3589 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3590 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3591 **
3592 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3593 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3594 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3595 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3596 ** respectively.
3597 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3598 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3599 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3600 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3601 **
3602 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3603 **
3604 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3605 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3606 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3607 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3608 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3609 **
3610 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3611 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3612 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3613 */
3614 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3615 
3616 /*
3617 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3618 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3619 **
3620 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3621 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3622 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3623 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3624 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3625 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3626 **
3627 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3628 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3629 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3630 */
3631 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3632 
3633 /*
3634 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3635 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3636 **
3637 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3638 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3639 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3640 */
3641 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3642 
3643 /*
3644 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3645 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3646 **
3647 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3648 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3649 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3650 **
3651 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3652 */
3653 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3654 
3655 /*
3656 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3657 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3658 **
3659 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3660 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3661 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3662 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3663 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3664 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3665 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3666 **
3667 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3668 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3669 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3670 ** or until the next call to
3671 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3672 **
3673 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3674 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3675 ** NULL pointer is returned.
3676 **
3677 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3678 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3679 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3680 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
3681 */
3682 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3683 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3684 
3685 /*
3686 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3687 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3688 **
3689 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3690 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3691 ** [SELECT] statement.
3692 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3693 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3694 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3695 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3696 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3697 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3698 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3699 ** or until the same information is requested
3700 ** again in a different encoding.
3701 **
3702 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3703 ** database, table, and column.
3704 **
3705 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3706 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3707 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3708 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3709 **
3710 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3711 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3712 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3713 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3714 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3715 **
3716 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3717 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3718 **
3719 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3720 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3721 **
3722 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3723 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3724 ** undefined.
3725 **
3726 ** If two or more threads call one or more
3727 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3728 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3729 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3730 */
3731 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3732 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3733 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3734 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3735 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3736 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3737 
3738 /*
3739 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3740 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3741 **
3742 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3743 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3744 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3745 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3746 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3747 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3748 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3749 **
3750 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3751 **
3752 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3753 **
3754 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
3755 **
3756 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3757 **
3758 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3759 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3760 **
3761 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3762 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3763 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3764 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3765 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3766 ** used to hold those values.
3767 */
3768 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3769 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3770 
3771 /*
3772 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3773 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3774 **
3775 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3776 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3777 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3778 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3779 **
3780 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3781 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3782 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3783 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3784 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3785 ** interface will continue to be supported.
3786 **
3787 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3788 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3789 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3790 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3791 **
3792 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3793 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3794 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3795 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3796 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3797 ** continuing.
3798 **
3799 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3800 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3801 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3802 ** machine back to its initial state.
3803 **
3804 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3805 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3806 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3807 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3808 **
3809 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3810 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3811 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3812 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3813 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3814 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3815 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3816 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3817 **
3818 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3819 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3820 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3821 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3822 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3823 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
3824 **
3825 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3826 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3827 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3828 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3829 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3830 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3831 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3832 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3833 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3834 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3835 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3836 **
3837 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3838 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3839 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3840 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3841 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3842 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3843 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3844 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3845 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3846 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3847 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3848 */
3849 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3850 
3851 /*
3852 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3853 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3854 **
3855 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3856 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3857 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3858 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3859 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3860 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3861 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3862 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3863 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3864 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3865 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3866 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3867 **
3868 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3869 */
3870 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3871 
3872 /*
3873 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3874 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3875 **
3876 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3877 **
3878 ** <ul>
3879 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3880 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3881 ** <li> string
3882 ** <li> BLOB
3883 ** <li> NULL
3884 ** </ul>)^
3885 **
3886 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3887 **
3888 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3889 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3890 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3891 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
3892 */
3893 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3894 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3895 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3896 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
3897 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3898 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
3899 #else
3900 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3901 #endif
3902 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3903 
3904 /*
3905 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3906 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3907 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3908 **
3909 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3910 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3911 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3912 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3913 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3914 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3915 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3916 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3917 **
3918 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3919 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3920 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3921 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3922 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3923 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3924 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3925 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3926 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3927 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3928 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3929 **
3930 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3931 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3932 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3933 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3934 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3935 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3936 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3937 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3938 ** following a type conversion.
3939 **
3940 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3941 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3942 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3943 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3944 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3945 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3946 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3947 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3948 **
3949 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3950 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3951 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3952 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3953 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3954 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3955 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3956 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3957 **
3958 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3959 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3960 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3961 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3962 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3963 **
3964 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3965 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3966 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3967 **
3968 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3969 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
3970 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
3971 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3972 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3973 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3974 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3975 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
3976 **
3977 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3978 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3979 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3980 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3981 ** that are applied:
3982 **
3983 ** <blockquote>
3984 ** <table border="1">
3985 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3986 **
3987 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3988 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3989 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3990 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3991 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3992 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3993 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3994 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3995 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3996 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3997 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3998 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3999 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4000 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4001 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4002 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4003 ** </table>
4004 ** </blockquote>)^
4005 **
4006 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4007 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4008 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4009 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4010 ** in the following cases:
4011 **
4012 ** <ul>
4013 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4014 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4015 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4016 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4017 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4018 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4019 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4020 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4021 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4022 ** </ul>
4023 **
4024 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4025 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4026 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4027 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4028 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4029 **
4030 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4031 ** in one of the following ways:
4032 **
4033 ** <ul>
4034 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4035 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4036 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4037 ** </ul>
4038 **
4039 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4040 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4041 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4042 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4043 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4044 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4045 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4046 **
4047 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4048 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4049 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4050 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4051 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4052 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4053 **
4054 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4055 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4056 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4057 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4058 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4059 */
4060 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4061 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4062 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4063 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4064 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4065 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4066 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4067 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4068 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4069 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4070 
4071 /*
4072 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4073 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4074 **
4075 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4076 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4077 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4078 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4079 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4080 ** [extended error code].
4081 **
4082 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4083 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4084 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4085 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4086 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4087 ** completed execution.
4088 **
4089 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4090 **
4091 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4092 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4093 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4094 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4095 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4096 */
4097 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4098 
4099 /*
4100 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4101 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4102 **
4103 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4104 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4105 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4106 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4107 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4108 **
4109 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4110 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4111 **
4112 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4113 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4114 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4115 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4116 **
4117 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4118 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4119 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4120 **
4121 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4122 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4123 */
4124 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4125 
4126 /*
4127 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4128 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4129 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4130 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4131 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4132 **
4133 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4134 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4135 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4136 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4137 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4138 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4139 ** the application data pointer.
4140 **
4141 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4142 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4143 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4144 ** to each database connection separately.
4145 **
4146 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4147 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4148 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4149 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4150 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4151 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4152 **
4153 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4154 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4155 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4156 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4157 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4158 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4159 ** undefined.
4160 **
4161 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4162 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4163 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4164 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4165 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4166 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4167 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4168 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4169 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4170 ** each encoding.
4171 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4172 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4173 **
4174 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4175 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4176 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4177 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4178 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4179 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4180 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4181 **
4182 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4183 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4184 **
4185 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4186 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4187 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4188 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4189 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4190 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4191 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4192 ** callbacks.
4193 **
4194 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4195 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4196 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4197 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4198 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4199 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4200 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4201 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4202 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4203 **
4204 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4205 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4206 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4207 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4208 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4209 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4210 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4211 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4212 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4213 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4214 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4215 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4216 **
4217 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4218 **
4219 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4220 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4221 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4222 ** statement in which the function is running.
4223 */
4224 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function(
4225   sqlite3 *db,
4226   const char *zFunctionName,
4227   int nArg,
4228   int eTextRep,
4229   void *pApp,
4230   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4231   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4232   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4233 );
4234 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function16(
4235   sqlite3 *db,
4236   const void *zFunctionName,
4237   int nArg,
4238   int eTextRep,
4239   void *pApp,
4240   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4241   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4242   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4243 );
4244 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4245   sqlite3 *db,
4246   const char *zFunctionName,
4247   int nArg,
4248   int eTextRep,
4249   void *pApp,
4250   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4251   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4252   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4253   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4254 );
4255 
4256 /*
4257 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4258 **
4259 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4260 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4261 */
4262 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4263 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4264 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4265 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4266 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4267 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4268 
4269 /*
4270 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4271 **
4272 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4273 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4274 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4275 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4276 */
4277 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4278 
4279 /*
4280 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4281 ** DEPRECATED
4282 **
4283 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4284 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4285 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4286 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4287 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4288 */
4289 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4290 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4291 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4292 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4293 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4294 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4295 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4296                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4297 #endif
4298 
4299 /*
4300 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4301 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4302 **
4303 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4304 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4305 ** the function or aggregate.
4306 **
4307 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4308 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4309 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4310 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4311 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4312 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4313 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4314 **
4315 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4316 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4317 ** object results in undefined behavior.
4318 **
4319 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4320 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4321 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4322 **
4323 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4324 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4325 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4326 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4327 **
4328 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4329 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4330 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4331 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4332 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4333 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4334 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4335 **
4336 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4337 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4338 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4339 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4340 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4341 **
4342 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4343 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4344 */
4345 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4346 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4347 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4348 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4349 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4350 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4351 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4352 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4353 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4354 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4355 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4356 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4357 
4358 /*
4359 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4360 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4361 **
4362 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4363 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4364 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4365 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4366 ** memory allocation fails.
4367 **
4368 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4369 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4370 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4371 */
4372 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4373 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4374 
4375 /*
4376 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4377 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4378 **
4379 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4380 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4381 **
4382 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4383 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4384 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4385 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4386 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4387 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4388 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4389 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4390 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4391 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4392 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4393 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4394 **
4395 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4396 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4397 ** allocate error occurs.
4398 **
4399 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4400 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4401 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4402 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4403 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4404 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4405 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4406 **
4407 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4408 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4409 **
4410 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4411 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4412 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4413 ** function.
4414 **
4415 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4416 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4417 */
4418 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4419 
4420 /*
4421 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4422 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4423 **
4424 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4425 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4426 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4427 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4428 ** registered the application defined function.
4429 **
4430 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4431 ** the application-defined function is running.
4432 */
4433 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4434 
4435 /*
4436 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4437 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4438 **
4439 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4440 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4441 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4442 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4443 ** registered the application defined function.
4444 */
4445 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4446 
4447 /*
4448 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4449 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4450 **
4451 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4452 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4453 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4454 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4455 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4456 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4457 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4458 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4459 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4460 ** invocations of the same function.
4461 **
4462 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4463 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4464 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4465 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4466 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4467 **
4468 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4469 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4470 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4471 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4472 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4473 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4474 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4475 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4476 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4477 ** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4478 ** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4479 **      SQL statement, or
4480 ** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4481 ** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4482 **      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4483 **
4484 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4485 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4486 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4487 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4488 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4489 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4490 **
4491 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4492 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4493 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4494 **
4495 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4496 ** the SQL function is running.
4497 */
4498 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4499 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4500 
4501 
4502 /*
4503 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4504 **
4505 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4506 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4507 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4508 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4509 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4510 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4511 ** the content before returning.
4512 **
4513 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4514 ** C++ compilers.
4515 */
4516 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4517 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4518 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4519 
4520 /*
4521 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4522 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4523 **
4524 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4525 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4526 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4527 ** for additional information.
4528 **
4529 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4530 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4531 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4532 **
4533 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4534 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4535 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4536 ** third parameter.
4537 **
4538 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4539 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4540 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4541 **
4542 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4543 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4544 ** by its 2nd argument.
4545 **
4546 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4547 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4548 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4549 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4550 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4551 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4552 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4553 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4554 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4555 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
4556 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4557 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4558 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4559 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4560 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4561 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4562 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
4563 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4564 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4565 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4566 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4567 **
4568 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4569 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4570 **
4571 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4572 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4573 **
4574 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4575 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4576 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4577 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4578 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4579 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4580 **
4581 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4582 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4583 **
4584 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4585 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4586 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4587 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4588 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4589 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4590 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4591 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4592 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4593 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4594 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4595 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4596 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4597 ** through the first zero character.
4598 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4599 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4600 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4601 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4602 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4603 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4604 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4605 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4606 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4607 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4608 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4609 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4610 ** finished using that result.
4611 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4612 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4613 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4614 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4615 ** when it has finished using that result.
4616 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4617 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4618 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4619 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4620 **
4621 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4622 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4623 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4624 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4625 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4626 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4627 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4628 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4629 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4630 **
4631 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4632 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4633 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4634 */
4635 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4636 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4637                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4638 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4639 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4640 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4641 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4642 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4643 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4644 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4645 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4646 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4647 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4648 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4649                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4650 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4651 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4652 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4653 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4654 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4655 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4656 
4657 /*
4658 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4659 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4660 **
4661 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4662 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4663 **
4664 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4665 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4666 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4667 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4668 ** considered to be the same name.
4669 **
4670 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4671 ** <ul>
4672 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4673 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4674 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4675 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4676 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4677 ** </ul>)^
4678 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4679 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4680 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4681 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4682 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4683 ** on an even byte address.
4684 **
4685 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4686 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4687 **
4688 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4689 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4690 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4691 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4692 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4693 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4694 ** that collation is no longer usable.
4695 **
4696 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4697 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4698 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4699 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4700 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4701 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4702 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4703 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4704 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4705 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4706 ** strings A, B, and C:
4707 **
4708 ** <ol>
4709 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4710 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4711 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4712 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4713 ** </ol>
4714 **
4715 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4716 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4717 ** is undefined.
4718 **
4719 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4720 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4721 ** the collating function is deleted.
4722 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4723 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4724 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4725 **
4726 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4727 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4728 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4729 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4730 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4731 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4732 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4733 ** compatibility.
4734 **
4735 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4736 */
4737 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation(
4738   sqlite3*,
4739   const char *zName,
4740   int eTextRep,
4741   void *pArg,
4742   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4743 );
4744 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4745   sqlite3*,
4746   const char *zName,
4747   int eTextRep,
4748   void *pArg,
4749   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4750   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4751 );
4752 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation16(
4753   sqlite3*,
4754   const void *zName,
4755   int eTextRep,
4756   void *pArg,
4757   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4758 );
4759 
4760 /*
4761 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4762 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4763 **
4764 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4765 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4766 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4767 ** sequence is required.
4768 **
4769 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4770 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4771 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4772 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4773 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4774 **
4775 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4776 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4777 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4778 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4779 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4780 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4781 ** required collation sequence.)^
4782 **
4783 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4784 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4785 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4786 */
4787 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed(
4788   sqlite3*,
4789   void*,
4790   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4791 );
4792 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4793   sqlite3*,
4794   void*,
4795   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4796 );
4797 
4798 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4799 /*
4800 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4801 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
4802 **
4803 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4804 ** of SQLite.
4805 */
4806 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key(
4807   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4808   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4809 );
4810 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key_v2(
4811   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4812   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4813   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4814 );
4815 
4816 /*
4817 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4818 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4819 ** database is decrypted.
4820 **
4821 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4822 ** of SQLite.
4823 */
4824 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey(
4825   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4826   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4827 );
4828 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4829   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4830   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4831   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4832 );
4833 
4834 /*
4835 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4836 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4837 */
4838 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_see(
4839   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4840 );
4841 #endif
4842 
4843 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4844 /*
4845 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4846 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4847 */
4848 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4849   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4850 );
4851 #endif
4852 
4853 /*
4854 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4855 **
4856 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4857 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4858 **
4859 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4860 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4861 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4862 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
4863 **
4864 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4865 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4866 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4867 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4868 ** in the previous paragraphs.
4869 */
4870 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sleep(int);
4871 
4872 /*
4873 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4874 **
4875 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4876 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4877 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4878 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4879 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4880 ** temporary file directory.
4881 **
4882 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4883 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4884 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4885 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4886 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4887 ** be avoided in new projects.
4888 **
4889 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4890 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4891 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4892 ** thread.
4893 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4894 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4895 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4896 ** thereafter.
4897 **
4898 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4899 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4900 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4901 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4902 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4903 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4904 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4905 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4906 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4907 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4908 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4909 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4910 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4911 ** objects have been destroyed.
4912 **
4913 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4914 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4915 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4916 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4917 **
4918 ** <blockquote><pre>
4919 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4920 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4921 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4922 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4923 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4924 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4925 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4926 ** </pre></blockquote>
4927 */
4928 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4929 
4930 /*
4931 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4932 **
4933 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4934 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4935 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4936 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4937 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4938 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4939 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4940 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4941 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4942 **
4943 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4944 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
4945 **
4946 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4947 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4948 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4949 ** thread.
4950 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4951 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4952 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4953 ** thereafter.
4954 **
4955 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4956 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4957 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4958 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4959 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4960 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4961 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4962 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4963 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4964 */
4965 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4966 
4967 /*
4968 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4969 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4970 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4971 **
4972 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4973 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4974 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4975 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4976 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4977 **
4978 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4979 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4980 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4981 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4982 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4983 ** an error is to use this function.
4984 **
4985 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4986 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4987 ** is undefined.
4988 */
4989 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4990 
4991 /*
4992 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4993 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4994 **
4995 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4996 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4997 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4998 ** that was the first argument
4999 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5000 ** create the statement in the first place.
5001 */
5002 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5003 
5004 /*
5005 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5006 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5007 **
5008 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5009 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5010 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5011 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5012 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
5013 **
5014 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5015 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5016 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5017 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5018 */
5019 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5020 
5021 /*
5022 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5023 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5024 **
5025 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5026 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5027 ** the name of a database on connection D.
5028 */
5029 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5030 
5031 /*
5032 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5033 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5034 **
5035 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5036 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5037 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5038 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5039 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5040 **
5041 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5042 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5043 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5044 */
5045 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5046 
5047 /*
5048 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5049 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5050 **
5051 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5052 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5053 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5054 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5055 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5056 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5057 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5058 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5059 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5060 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5061 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5062 **
5063 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5064 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5065 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5066 ** the first call for each function on D.
5067 **
5068 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5069 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5070 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5071 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5072 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5073 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
5074 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5075 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5076 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5077 **
5078 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5079 **
5080 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5081 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5082 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5083 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5084 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5085 **
5086 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5087 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5088 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5089 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5090 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5091 **
5092 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5093 */
5094 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5095 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5096 
5097 /*
5098 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5099 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5100 **
5101 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5102 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5103 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5104 ** a rowid table.
5105 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5106 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5107 **
5108 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5109 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5110 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5111 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5112 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5113 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5114 ** to be invoked.
5115 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5116 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5117 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5118 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5119 **
5120 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5121 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5122 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5123 **
5124 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5125 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5126 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5127 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5128 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5129 ** release of SQLite.
5130 **
5131 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5132 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5133 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5134 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5135 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5136 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5137 **
5138 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5139 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5140 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5141 ** the first call on D.
5142 **
5143 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
5144 ** interfaces.
5145 */
5146 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_update_hook(
5147   sqlite3*,
5148   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5149   void*
5150 );
5151 
5152 /*
5153 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5154 **
5155 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5156 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5157 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5158 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5159 **
5160 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5161 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5162 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5163 **
5164 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5165 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5166 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5167 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5168 **
5169 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5170 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5171 **
5172 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5173 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5174 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5175 **
5176 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5177 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5178 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5179 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5180 **
5181 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5182 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5183 **
5184 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5185 */
5186 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5187 
5188 /*
5189 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5190 **
5191 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5192 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5193 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5194 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5195 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5196 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5197 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5198 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5199 **
5200 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5201 */
5202 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5203 
5204 /*
5205 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5206 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5207 **
5208 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5209 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5210 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5211 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5212 ** omitted.
5213 **
5214 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5215 */
5216 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5217 
5218 /*
5219 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5220 **
5221 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5222 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5223 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5224 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5225 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5226 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5227 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5228 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5229 ** is advisory only.
5230 **
5231 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5232 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5233 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5234 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5235 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5236 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5237 **
5238 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5239 **
5240 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5241 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5242 **
5243 ** <ul>
5244 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5245 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5246 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5247 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5248 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5249 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5250 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5251 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5252 **      from the heap.
5253 ** </ul>)^
5254 **
5255 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5256 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5257 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5258 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5259 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5260 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5261 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5262 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5263 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5264 **
5265 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5266 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5267 */
5268 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5269 
5270 /*
5271 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5272 ** DEPRECATED
5273 **
5274 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5275 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5276 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5277 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5278 */
5279 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5280 
5281 
5282 /*
5283 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5284 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5285 **
5286 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5287 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5288 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5289 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5290 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5291 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5292 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5293 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5294 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
5295 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5296 ** does not.
5297 **
5298 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5299 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5300 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5301 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5302 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5303 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5304 **
5305 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5306 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5307 **
5308 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5309 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5310 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5311 **
5312 ** ^(<blockquote>
5313 ** <table border="1">
5314 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5315 **
5316 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5317 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5318 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5319 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5320 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5321 ** </table>
5322 ** </blockquote>)^
5323 **
5324 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5325 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5326 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5327 **
5328 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5329 **
5330 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5331 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5332 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5333 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5334 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5335 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5336 **
5337 ** <pre>
5338 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5339 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5340 **     not null: 0
5341 **     primary key: 1
5342 **     auto increment: 0
5343 ** </pre>)^
5344 **
5345 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5346 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5347 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5348 */
5349 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5350   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5351   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5352   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5353   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5354   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5355   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5356   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5357   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5358   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5359 );
5360 
5361 /*
5362 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5363 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5364 **
5365 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5366 **
5367 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5368 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5369 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5370 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5371 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5372 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5373 ** be tried also.
5374 **
5375 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5376 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5377 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5378 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5379 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5380 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5381 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5382 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5383 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5384 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5385 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5386 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5387 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5388 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5389 **
5390 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5391 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5392 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5393 **
5394 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5395 */
5396 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_load_extension(
5397   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5398   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5399   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5400   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5401 );
5402 
5403 /*
5404 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5405 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5406 **
5407 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5408 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5409 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5410 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5411 **
5412 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5413 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5414 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5415 ** it back off again.
5416 */
5417 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5418 
5419 /*
5420 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5421 **
5422 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5423 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5424 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5425 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5426 **
5427 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5428 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5429 ** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5430 ** entry point where as follows:
5431 **
5432 ** <blockquote><pre>
5433 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5434 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5435 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5436 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5437 ** &nbsp;  );
5438 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5439 **
5440 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5441 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5442 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5443 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5444 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5445 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5446 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5447 **
5448 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5449 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5450 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5451 **
5452 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5453 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5454 */
5455 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5456 
5457 /*
5458 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5459 **
5460 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5461 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5462 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5463 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5464 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5465 ** routines.
5466 */
5467 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5468 
5469 /*
5470 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5471 **
5472 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5473 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5474 */
5475 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5476 
5477 /*
5478 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5479 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5480 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5481 **
5482 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5483 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5484 */
5485 
5486 /*
5487 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5488 */
5489 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5490 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5491 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5492 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5493 
5494 /*
5495 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5496 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5497 **
5498 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5499 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5500 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5501 **
5502 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5503 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5504 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5505 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5506 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5507 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5508 ** any database connection.
5509 */
5510 struct sqlite3_module {
5511   int iVersion;
5512   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5513                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5514                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5515   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5516                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5517                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5518   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5519   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5520   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5521   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5522   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5523   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5524                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5525   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5526   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5527   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5528   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5529   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5530   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5531   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5532   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5533   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5534   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5535                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5536                        void **ppArg);
5537   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5538   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5539   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5540   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5541   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5542   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5543 };
5544 
5545 /*
5546 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5547 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5548 **
5549 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5550 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
5551 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5552 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5553 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5554 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5555 **
5556 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5557 **
5558 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5559 **
5560 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5561 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5562 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5563 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5564 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5565 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5566 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5567 **
5568 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5569 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5570 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5571 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5572 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5573 **
5574 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5575 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5576 **
5577 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5578 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5579 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5580 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5581 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5582 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5583 **
5584 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5585 ** [xFilter] method.
5586 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5587 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5588 **
5589 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5590 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5591 ** sorting step is required.
5592 **
5593 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5594 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5595 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5596 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5597 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5598 **
5599 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5600 ** will be returned by the strategy.
5601 **
5602 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5603 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5604 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5605 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5606 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5607 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5608 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5609 */
5610 struct sqlite3_index_info {
5611   /* Inputs */
5612   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5613   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5614      int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5615      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5616      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5617      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5618   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5619   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5620   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5621      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5622      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5623   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5624   /* Outputs */
5625   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5626     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5627     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5628   } *aConstraintUsage;
5629   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5630   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5631   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5632   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5633   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5634   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5635   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5636 };
5637 
5638 /*
5639 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5640 **
5641 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5642 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5643 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5644 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5645 */
5646 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5647 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5648 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5649 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5650 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5651 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5652 
5653 /*
5654 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5655 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5656 **
5657 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5658 ** ^Module names must be registered before
5659 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5660 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5661 **
5662 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5663 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5664 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5665 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5666 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5667 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5668 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5669 **
5670 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5671 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5672 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5673 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5674 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5675 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5676 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5677 ** destructor.
5678 */
5679 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module(
5680   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5681   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5682   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5683   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5684 );
5685 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5686   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5687   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5688   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5689   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5690   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5691 );
5692 
5693 /*
5694 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5695 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5696 **
5697 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5698 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
5699 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5700 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5701 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5702 ** common to all module implementations.
5703 **
5704 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5705 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5706 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5707 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5708 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5709 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5710 */
5711 struct sqlite3_vtab {
5712   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5713   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
5714   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5715   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5716 };
5717 
5718 /*
5719 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5720 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5721 **
5722 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5723 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5724 ** [virtual table] and are used
5725 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5726 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5727 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5728 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5729 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5730 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5731 **
5732 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5733 ** are common to all implementations.
5734 */
5735 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5736   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5737   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5738 };
5739 
5740 /*
5741 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5742 **
5743 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5744 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
5745 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5746 ** the virtual tables they implement.
5747 */
5748 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5749 
5750 /*
5751 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5752 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5753 **
5754 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5755 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5756 ** But global versions of those functions
5757 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5758 **
5759 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5760 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5761 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5762 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5763 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5764 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5765 ** by a [virtual table].
5766 */
5767 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5768 
5769 /*
5770 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5771 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5772 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5773 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5774 **
5775 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5776 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5777 */
5778 
5779 /*
5780 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5781 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5782 **
5783 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5784 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5785 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5786 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5787 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5788 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5789 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5790 */
5791 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5792 
5793 /*
5794 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5795 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5796 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
5797 **
5798 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5799 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5800 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5801 **
5802 ** <pre>
5803 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5804 ** </pre>)^
5805 **
5806 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
5807 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
5808 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
5809 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
5810 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
5811 **
5812 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5813 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
5814 ** read-only access.
5815 **
5816 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
5817 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
5818 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
5819 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
5820 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
5821 **
5822 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
5823 ** <ul>
5824 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
5825 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
5826 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
5827 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
5828 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
5829 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
5830 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
5831 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
5832 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
5833 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
5834 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
5835 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
5836 ** </ul>
5837 **
5838 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
5839 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5840 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5841 **
5842 **
5843 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5844 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5845 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5846 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5847 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5848 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5849 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5850 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5851 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5852 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5853 **
5854 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5855 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5856 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5857 ** blob.
5858 **
5859 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5860 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
5861 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
5862 **
5863 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5864 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5865 */
5866 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_open(
5867   sqlite3*,
5868   const char *zDb,
5869   const char *zTable,
5870   const char *zColumn,
5871   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5872   int flags,
5873   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5874 );
5875 
5876 /*
5877 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5878 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5879 **
5880 ** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5881 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5882 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5883 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5884 ** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5885 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5886 **
5887 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5888 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5889 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5890 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5891 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5892 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5893 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5894 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5895 ** always returns zero.
5896 **
5897 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5898 */
5899 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5900 
5901 /*
5902 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5903 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
5904 **
5905 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
5906 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
5907 ** handle is still closed.)^
5908 **
5909 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
5910 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
5911 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
5912 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
5913 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
5914 **
5915 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
5916 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
5917 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
5918 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
5919 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
5920 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
5921 */
5922 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5923 
5924 /*
5925 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5926 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5927 **
5928 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5929 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5930 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5931 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5932 **
5933 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5934 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5935 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5936 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5937 */
5938 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5939 
5940 /*
5941 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5942 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5943 **
5944 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5945 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5946 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5947 **
5948 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5949 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5950 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5951 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5952 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5953 **
5954 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5955 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5956 **
5957 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5958 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5959 **
5960 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5961 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5962 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5963 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5964 **
5965 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5966 */
5967 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5968 
5969 /*
5970 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5971 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
5972 **
5973 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5974 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5975 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5976 **
5977 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5978 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5979 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
5980 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
5981 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
5982 **
5983 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5984 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5985 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5986 **
5987 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5988 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5989 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5990 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
5991 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
5992 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
5993 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5994 **
5995 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5996 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5997 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5998 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5999 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6000 ** or by other independent statements.
6001 **
6002 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6003 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6004 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6005 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6006 **
6007 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6008 */
6009 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6010 
6011 /*
6012 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6013 **
6014 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6015 ** that SQLite uses to interact
6016 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6017 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6018 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6019 ** The following interfaces are provided.
6020 **
6021 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6022 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
6023 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6024 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6025 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6026 **
6027 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6028 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6029 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6030 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6031 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6032 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6033 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6034 ** then the behavior is undefined.
6035 **
6036 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6037 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6038 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6039 */
6040 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6041 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6042 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6043 
6044 /*
6045 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6046 **
6047 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6048 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6049 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6050 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
6051 **
6052 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6053 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6054 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6055 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6056 **
6057 ** <ul>
6058 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6059 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6060 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6061 ** </ul>
6062 **
6063 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6064 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6065 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6066 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6067 ** and Windows.
6068 **
6069 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6070 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6071 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6072 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6073 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6074 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6075 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6076 **
6077 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6078 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6079 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6080 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6081 ** integer constants:
6082 **
6083 ** <ul>
6084 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6085 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6086 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6087 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6088 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6089 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6090 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6091 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6092 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6093 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6094 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6095 ** </ul>
6096 **
6097 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6098 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6099 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6100 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6101 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6102 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6103 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6104 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6105 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6106 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6107 **
6108 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6109 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6110 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6111 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6112 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6113 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6114 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6115 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6116 **
6117 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6118 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6119 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6120 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6121 ** the same type number.
6122 **
6123 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6124 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6125 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6126 **
6127 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6128 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6129 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6130 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6131 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6132 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6133 ** In such cases, the
6134 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6135 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6136 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6137 **
6138 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6139 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6140 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6141 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6142 ** behavior.)^
6143 **
6144 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6145 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6146 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6147 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6148 **
6149 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6150 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6151 ** behave as no-ops.
6152 **
6153 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6154 */
6155 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6156 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6157 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6158 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6159 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6160 
6161 /*
6162 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6163 **
6164 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6165 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6166 **
6167 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6168 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6169 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6170 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6171 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6172 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6173 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6174 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6175 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6176 **
6177 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6178 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6179 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6180 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6181 **
6182 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6183 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6184 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6185 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6186 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6187 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6188 **
6189 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6190 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6191 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6192 **
6193 ** <ul>
6194 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6195 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6196 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6197 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6198 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6199 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6200 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6201 ** </ul>)^
6202 **
6203 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6204 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6205 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6206 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6207 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6208 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6209 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6210 **
6211 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6212 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6213 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6214 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6215 **
6216 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6217 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6218 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6219 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6220 **
6221 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6222 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6223 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6224 ** prior to returning.
6225 */
6226 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6227 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6228   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6229   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6230   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6231   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6232   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6233   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6234   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6235   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6236   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6237 };
6238 
6239 /*
6240 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6241 **
6242 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6243 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6244 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6245 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6246 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6247 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6248 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6249 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6250 **
6251 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6252 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6253 **
6254 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6255 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6256 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6257 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6258 **
6259 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6260 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6261 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6262 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6263 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6264 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6265 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6266 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6267 */
6268 #ifndef NDEBUG
6269 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6270 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6271 #endif
6272 
6273 /*
6274 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6275 **
6276 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6277 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6278 **
6279 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6280 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6281 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6282 */
6283 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6284 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6285 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6286 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6287 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6288 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6289 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6290 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6291 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6292 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6293 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6294 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6295 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6296 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6297 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6298 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6299 
6300 /*
6301 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6302 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6303 **
6304 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6305 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6306 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6307 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6308 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6309 */
6310 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6311 
6312 /*
6313 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6314 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6315 **
6316 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6317 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6318 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6319 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6320 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6321 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6322 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6323 ** main database file.
6324 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6325 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6326 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6327 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6328 **
6329 ** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6330 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6331 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6332 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6333 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6334 **
6335 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6336 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6337 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6338 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6339 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6340 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6341 ** xFileControl method.
6342 **
6343 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6344 */
6345 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6346 
6347 /*
6348 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6349 **
6350 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6351 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6352 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6353 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6354 **
6355 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6356 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6357 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6358 **
6359 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6360 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6361 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6362 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6363 */
6364 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6365 
6366 /*
6367 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6368 **
6369 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6370 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6371 **
6372 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6373 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6374 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6375 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6376 */
6377 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6378 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6379 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6380 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6381 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6382 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6383 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6384 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6385 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6386 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6387 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6388 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6389 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6390 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6391 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6392 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6393 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6394 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6395 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6396 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6397 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6398 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6399 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6400 
6401 /*
6402 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6403 **
6404 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6405 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6406 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6407 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6408 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6409 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6410 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6411 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6412 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6413 ** value.  For those parameters
6414 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6415 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6416 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6417 **
6418 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6419 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6420 **
6421 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6422 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6423 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6424 **
6425 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6426 */
6427 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6428 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status64(
6429   int op,
6430   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6431   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6432   int resetFlag
6433 );
6434 
6435 
6436 /*
6437 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6438 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6439 **
6440 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6441 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6442 **
6443 ** <dl>
6444 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6445 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6446 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6447 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6448 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6449 ** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6450 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6451 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6452 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6453 **
6454 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6455 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6456 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6457 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6458 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6459 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6460 **
6461 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6462 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6463 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6464 **
6465 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6466 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6467 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6468 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6469 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6470 **
6471 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6472 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6473 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6474 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6475 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6476 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6477 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6478 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6479 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6480 **
6481 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6482 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6483 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6484 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6485 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6486 **
6487 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6488 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6489 ** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6490 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6491 ** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6492 ** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6493 ** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6494 **
6495 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6496 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6497 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6498 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6499 ** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6500 ** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6501 ** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6502 ** slots were available.
6503 ** </dd>)^
6504 **
6505 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6506 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6507 ** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6508 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6509 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6510 **
6511 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6512 ** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6513 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6514 ** </dl>
6515 **
6516 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6517 */
6518 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6519 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6520 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6521 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6522 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6523 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6524 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6525 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6526 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6527 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6528 
6529 /*
6530 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6531 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6532 **
6533 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6534 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6535 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6536 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6537 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6538 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6539 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6540 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6541 **
6542 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6543 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6544 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6545 ** reset back down to the current value.
6546 **
6547 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6548 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6549 **
6550 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6551 */
6552 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6553 
6554 /*
6555 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6556 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6557 **
6558 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6559 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6560 **
6561 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6562 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6563 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6564 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6565 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6566 **
6567 ** <dl>
6568 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6569 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6570 ** checked out.</dd>)^
6571 **
6572 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6573 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6574 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6575 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6576 **
6577 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6578 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6579 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6580 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6581 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6582 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6583 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6584 **
6585 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6586 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6587 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6588 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6589 ** memory already being in use.
6590 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6591 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6592 **
6593 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6594 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6595 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6596 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6597 **
6598 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6599 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6600 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6601 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6602 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6603 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6604 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6605 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6606 **
6607 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6608 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6609 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6610 ** the database connection.)^
6611 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6612 ** </dd>
6613 **
6614 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6615 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6616 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6617 ** is always 0.
6618 ** </dd>
6619 **
6620 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6621 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6622 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6623 ** is always 0.
6624 ** </dd>
6625 **
6626 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6627 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6628 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6629 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6630 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6631 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6632 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6633 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6634 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6635 ** </dd>
6636 **
6637 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6638 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6639 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6640 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6641 ** </dd>
6642 ** </dl>
6643 */
6644 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6645 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6646 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6647 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6648 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6649 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6650 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6651 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6652 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6653 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6654 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6655 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6656 
6657 
6658 /*
6659 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6660 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6661 **
6662 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6663 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6664 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6665 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6666 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6667 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6668 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6669 ** an index.
6670 **
6671 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6672 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6673 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6674 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6675 ** to be interrogated.)^
6676 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6677 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6678 ** interface call returns.
6679 **
6680 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6681 */
6682 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6683 
6684 /*
6685 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6686 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6687 **
6688 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6689 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6690 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6691 **
6692 ** <dl>
6693 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6694 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6695 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6696 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6697 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
6698 **
6699 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6700 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6701 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6702 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6703 **
6704 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6705 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6706 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6707 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6708 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6709 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6710 **
6711 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6712 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6713 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6714 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6715 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6716 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6717 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6718 ** </dd>
6719 ** </dl>
6720 */
6721 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6722 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6723 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6724 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6725 
6726 /*
6727 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6728 **
6729 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6730 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6731 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6732 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6733 ** to the object.
6734 **
6735 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6736 */
6737 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6738 
6739 /*
6740 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6741 **
6742 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6743 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6744 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6745 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6746 **
6747 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6748 */
6749 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6750 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6751   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6752   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6753 };
6754 
6755 /*
6756 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6757 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6758 **
6759 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6760 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6761 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6762 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6763 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6764 ** By implementing a
6765 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6766 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6767 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6768 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6769 ** how long.
6770 **
6771 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6772 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6773 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6774 **
6775 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6776 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6777 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6778 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6779 **
6780 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6781 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6782 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6783 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6784 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6785 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6786 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6787 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6788 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6789 ** page cache.)^
6790 **
6791 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6792 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6793 ** It can be used to clean up
6794 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6795 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6796 **
6797 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6798 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6799 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6800 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6801 ** in multithreaded applications.
6802 **
6803 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6804 ** call to xShutdown().
6805 **
6806 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6807 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6808 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6809 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6810 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6811 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6812 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6813 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6814 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6815 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6816 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6817 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6818 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6819 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6820 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6821 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6822 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6823 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6824 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6825 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6826 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6827 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
6828 **
6829 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6830 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6831 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6832 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6833 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6834 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6835 ** value; it is advisory only.
6836 **
6837 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6838 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6839 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6840 **
6841 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6842 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6843 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6844 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6845 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6846 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6847 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6848 ** for each entry in the page cache.
6849 **
6850 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6851 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6852 ** to be "pinned".
6853 **
6854 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6855 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6856 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6857 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6858 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6859 **
6860 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6861 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6862 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6863 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6864 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
6865 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6866 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6867 ** </table>
6868 **
6869 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6870 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6871 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6872 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6873 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6874 **
6875 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6876 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6877 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6878 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6879 ** ^If the discard parameter is
6880 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6881 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6882 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6883 **
6884 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6885 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6886 ** to xFetch().
6887 **
6888 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6889 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6890 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6891 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6892 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6893 ** to be pinned.
6894 **
6895 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6896 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6897 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6898 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6899 ** they can be safely discarded.
6900 **
6901 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6902 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6903 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6904 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6905 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6906 ** functions.
6907 **
6908 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6909 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6910 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6911 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6912 ** do their best.
6913 */
6914 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6915 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6916   int iVersion;
6917   void *pArg;
6918   int (*xInit)(void*);
6919   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6920   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6921   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6922   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6923   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6924   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6925   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6926       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6927   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6928   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6929   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6930 };
6931 
6932 /*
6933 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6934 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6935 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6936 */
6937 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6938 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6939   void *pArg;
6940   int (*xInit)(void*);
6941   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6942   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6943   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6944   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6945   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6946   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6947   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6948   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6949   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6950 };
6951 
6952 
6953 /*
6954 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6955 **
6956 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6957 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6958 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6959 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6960 **
6961 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6962 */
6963 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6964 
6965 /*
6966 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6967 **
6968 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6969 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6970 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6971 **
6972 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6973 **
6974 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6975 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
6976 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6977 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6978 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6979 ** preventing other database connections from
6980 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6981 **
6982 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6983 **   <ol>
6984 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6985 **         backup,
6986 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6987 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
6988 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6989 **         associated with the backup operation.
6990 **   </ol>)^
6991 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6992 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6993 **
6994 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6995 **
6996 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6997 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6998 ** and the database name, respectively.
6999 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7000 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7001 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7002 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7003 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7004 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7005 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7006 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7007 ** an error.
7008 **
7009 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning SQLITE_ERROR, if
7010 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7011 ** destination database.
7012 **
7013 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7014 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7015 ** destination [database connection] D.
7016 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7017 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7018 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7019 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7020 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7021 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7022 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7023 ** operation.
7024 **
7025 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7026 **
7027 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7028 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7029 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7030 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7031 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7032 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7033 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7034 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7035 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7036 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7037 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7038 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7039 **
7040 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7041 ** <ol>
7042 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7043 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7044 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7045 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7046 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
7047 ** </ol>)^
7048 **
7049 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7050 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7051 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7052 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7053 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7054 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7055 ** [database connection]
7056 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7057 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7058 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7059 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7060 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7061 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7062 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7063 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7064 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7065 **
7066 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7067 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7068 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7069 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7070 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7071 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7072 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7073 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7074 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7075 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7076 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7077 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7078 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7079 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7080 ** updated at the same time.
7081 **
7082 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7083 **
7084 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7085 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7086 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7087 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7088 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7089 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7090 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7091 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7092 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7093 **
7094 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7095 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7096 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7097 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7098 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7099 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7100 **
7101 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7102 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7103 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7104 **
7105 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7106 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7107 **
7108 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7109 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7110 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7111 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7112 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7113 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7114 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7115 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7116 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7117 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7118 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7119 **
7120 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7121 **
7122 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7123 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7124 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7125 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7126 ** from within other threads.
7127 **
7128 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7129 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7130 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7131 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7132 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7133 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7134 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7135 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7136 **
7137 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7138 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7139 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7140 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7141 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7142 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7143 **
7144 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7145 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7146 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7147 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7148 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7149 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7150 */
7151 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_init(
7152   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7153   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7154   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7155   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7156 );
7157 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7158 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7159 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7160 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7161 
7162 /*
7163 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7164 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7165 **
7166 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7167 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7168 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7169 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7170 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7171 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7172 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7173 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7174 **
7175 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7176 **
7177 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7178 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7179 **
7180 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7181 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7182 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7183 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7184 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7185 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7186 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7187 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7188 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7189 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7190 **
7191 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7192 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7193 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7194 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7195 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7196 **
7197 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7198 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7199 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7200 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7201 **
7202 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7203 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7204 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7205 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7206 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7207 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7208 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7209 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7210 **
7211 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7212 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7213 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7214 **
7215 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7216 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7217 **
7218 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7219 **
7220 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7221 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7222 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7223 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7224 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7225 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7226 **
7227 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7228 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7229 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7230 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7231 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7232 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7233 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7234 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7235 **
7236 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7237 **
7238 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7239 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7240 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7241 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7242 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7243 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7244 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7245 **
7246 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7247 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7248 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7249 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7250 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7251 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7252 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7253 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7254 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7255 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7256 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7257 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7258 **
7259 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7260 **
7261 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7262 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7263 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7264 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7265 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7266 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7267 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7268 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7269 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7270 **
7271 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7272 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7273 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7274 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7275 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7276 */
7277 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7278   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7279   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7280   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7281 );
7282 
7283 
7284 /*
7285 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7286 **
7287 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7288 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7289 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7290 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7291 */
7292 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7293 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7294 
7295 /*
7296 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7297 *
7298 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7299 ** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7300 ** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7301 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7302 ** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7303 ** sensitive.
7304 **
7305 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7306 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7307 */
7308 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7309 
7310 /*
7311 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7312 **
7313 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7314 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7315 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7316 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7317 **
7318 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7319 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7320 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7321 ** is considered bad form.
7322 **
7323 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7324 **
7325 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7326 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7327 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7328 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7329 ** buffer.
7330 */
7331 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7332 
7333 /*
7334 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7335 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7336 **
7337 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7338 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7339 **
7340 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7341 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7342 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7343 **
7344 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7345 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7346 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7347 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7348 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7349 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7350 ** including those that were just committed.
7351 **
7352 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7353 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7354 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7355 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7356 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7357 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7358 ** are undefined.
7359 **
7360 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7361 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7362 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7363 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7364 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7365 ** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7366 */
7367 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_hook(
7368   sqlite3*,
7369   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7370   void*
7371 );
7372 
7373 /*
7374 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7375 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7376 **
7377 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7378 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7379 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
7380 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7381 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7382 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7383 ** checkpoints entirely.
7384 **
7385 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7386 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7387 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7388 ** configured by this function.
7389 **
7390 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7391 ** from SQL.
7392 **
7393 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7394 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7395 **
7396 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7397 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7398 ** pages.  The use of this interface
7399 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7400 ** for a particular application.
7401 */
7402 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7403 
7404 /*
7405 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7406 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7407 **
7408 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7409 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7410 **
7411 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7412 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7413 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7414 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7415 ** information.
7416 **
7417 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7418 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7419 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7420 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7421 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7422 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7423 */
7424 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7425 
7426 /*
7427 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7428 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7429 **
7430 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7431 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7432 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7433 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7434 **
7435 ** <dl>
7436 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7437 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7438 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7439 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7440 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7441 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7442 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7443 **
7444 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7445 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7446 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7447 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7448 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7449 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7450 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7451 **
7452 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7453 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7454 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7455 **   [busy-handler callback])
7456 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7457 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7458 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7459 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7460 **
7461 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7462 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7463 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7464 **   to a successful return.
7465 ** </dl>
7466 **
7467 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7468 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7469 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7470 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7471 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7472 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7473 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7474 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7475 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7476 **
7477 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7478 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7479 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7480 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7481 **
7482 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7483 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7484 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7485 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7486 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7487 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7488 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7489 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7490 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7491 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7492 **
7493 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7494 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7495 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7496 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7497 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7498 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7499 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7500 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7501 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7502 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7503 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7504 **
7505 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7506 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7507 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7508 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7509 **
7510 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7511 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7512 ** sets the error information that is queried by
7513 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7514 **
7515 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7516 ** from SQL.
7517 */
7518 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7519   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7520   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7521   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7522   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7523   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7524 );
7525 
7526 /*
7527 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7528 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7529 **
7530 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7531 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7532 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7533 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7534 */
7535 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7536 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7537 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7538 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7539 
7540 /*
7541 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7542 **
7543 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7544 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7545 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7546 **
7547 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7548 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7549 **
7550 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7551 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7552 ** may be added in the future.
7553 */
7554 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7555 
7556 /*
7557 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7558 **
7559 ** These macros define the various options to the
7560 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7561 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7562 **
7563 ** <dl>
7564 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7565 ** <dd>Calls of the form
7566 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7567 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7568 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7569 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7570 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7571 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7572 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7573 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7574 **
7575 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7576 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7577 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7578 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7579 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7580 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7581 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7582 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7583 ** had been ABORT.
7584 **
7585 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7586 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7587 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7588 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7589 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7590 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7591 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7592 ** constraint handling.
7593 ** </dl>
7594 */
7595 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7596 
7597 /*
7598 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7599 **
7600 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7601 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7602 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7603 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7604 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7605 ** [virtual table].
7606 */
7607 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7608 
7609 /*
7610 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7611 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7612 **
7613 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7614 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7615 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7616 **
7617 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7618 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7619 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7620 */
7621 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7622 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7623 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7624 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7625 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7626 
7627 /*
7628 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7629 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7630 **
7631 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7632 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7633 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7634 **
7635 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7636 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7637 ** S is finalized.
7638 **
7639 ** <dl>
7640 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7641 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7642 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7643 **
7644 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7645 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7646 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7647 **
7648 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7649 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7650 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
7651 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
7652 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
7653 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
7654 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
7655 **
7656 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
7657 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7658 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
7659 ** used for the X-th loop.
7660 **
7661 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
7662 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7663 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
7664 ** description for the X-th loop.
7665 **
7666 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
7667 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7668 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
7669 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
7670 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
7671 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
7672 ** </dl>
7673 */
7674 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
7675 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
7676 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
7677 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
7678 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
7679 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
7680 
7681 /*
7682 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
7683 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7684 **
7685 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
7686 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
7687 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
7688 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
7689 **
7690 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
7691 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
7692 ** compile-time option.
7693 **
7694 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
7695 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
7696 ** of this interface is undefined.
7697 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
7698 ** the "pOut" parameter.
7699 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
7700 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
7701 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
7702 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
7703 ** points to is unchanged.
7704 **
7705 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
7706 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
7707 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
7708 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
7709 **
7710 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
7711 */
7712 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
7713   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
7714   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
7715   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
7716   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
7717 );
7718 
7719 /*
7720 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
7721 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
7722 **
7723 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
7724 **
7725 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
7726 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
7727 */
7728 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
7729 
7730 
7731 /*
7732 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7733 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
7734 */
7735 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7736 # undef double
7737 #endif
7738 
7739 #ifdef __cplusplus
7740 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7741 #endif
7742 #endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7743 
7744 /*
7745 ** 2010 August 30
7746 **
7747 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
7748 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
7749 **
7750 **    May you do good and not evil.
7751 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
7752 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
7753 **
7754 *************************************************************************
7755 */
7756 
7757 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7758 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7759 
7760 
7761 #ifdef __cplusplus
7762 extern "C" {
7763 #endif
7764 
7765 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
7766 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
7767 
7768 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
7769 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
7770 */
7771 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
7772   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7773 #else
7774   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7775 #endif
7776 
7777 /*
7778 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
7779 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7780 **
7781 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
7782 */
7783 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
7784   sqlite3 *db,
7785   const char *zGeom,
7786   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
7787   void *pContext
7788 );
7789 
7790 
7791 /*
7792 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
7793 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
7794 */
7795 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
7796   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
7797   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
7798   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
7799   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
7800   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
7801 };
7802 
7803 /*
7804 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
7805 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7806 **
7807 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
7808 */
7809 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
7810   sqlite3 *db,
7811   const char *zQueryFunc,
7812   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
7813   void *pContext,
7814   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
7815 );
7816 
7817 
7818 /*
7819 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
7820 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
7821 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
7822 **
7823 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
7824 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
7825 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
7826 */
7827 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
7828   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
7829   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
7830   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
7831   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
7832   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
7833   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
7834   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
7835   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
7836   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
7837   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
7838   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
7839   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
7840   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
7841   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
7842   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
7843   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
7844   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
7845 };
7846 
7847 /*
7848 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
7849 */
7850 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
7851 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
7852 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
7853 
7854 
7855 #ifdef __cplusplus
7856 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
7857 #endif
7858 
7859 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
7860 
7861