xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision 5dae51da3da0cc94d17bd67b308fad304ebec7e0)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef SQLITE3_H
34 #define SQLITE3_H
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
52 # define SQLITE_API
53 #endif
54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
56 #endif
57 #ifndef SQLITE_APICALL
58 # define SQLITE_APICALL
59 #endif
60 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
61 # define SQLITE_STDCALL SQLITE_APICALL
62 #endif
63 #ifndef SQLITE_CALLBACK
64 # define SQLITE_CALLBACK
65 #endif
66 #ifndef SQLITE_SYSAPI
67 # define SQLITE_SYSAPI
68 #endif
69 
70 /*
71 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
72 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
73 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
74 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
75 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
76 **
77 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
78 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
79 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
80 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
81 ** noop macros.
82 */
83 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
84 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
85 
86 /*
87 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
88 */
89 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
90 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
91 #endif
92 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
93 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
94 #endif
95 
96 /*
97 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
98 **
99 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
100 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
101 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
102 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
103 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
104 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
105 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
106 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
107 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
108 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
109 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
110 **
111 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
112 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
113 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
114 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
115 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
116 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
117 ** hash of the entire source tree.
118 **
119 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
120 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
121 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
122 */
123 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.14.1"
124 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3014001
125 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2016-08-11 18:53:32 a12d8059770df4bca59e321c266410344242bf7b"
126 
127 /*
128 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
129 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
130 **
131 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
132 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
133 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
134 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
135 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
136 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
137 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
138 **
139 ** <blockquote><pre>
140 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
141 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
142 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
143 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
144 **
145 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
146 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
147 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
148 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
149 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
150 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
151 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
152 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
153 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
154 **
155 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
156 */
157 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
158 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion(void);
159 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sourceid(void);
160 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
161 
162 /*
163 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
164 **
165 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
166 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
167 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
168 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
169 **
170 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
171 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
172 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
173 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
174 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
175 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
176 **
177 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
178 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
179 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
180 **
181 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
182 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
183 */
184 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
185 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
186 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
187 #endif
188 
189 /*
190 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
191 **
192 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
193 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
194 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
195 **
196 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
197 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
198 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
199 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
200 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
201 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
202 **
203 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
204 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
205 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
206 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
207 **
208 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
209 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
210 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
211 **
212 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
213 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
214 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
215 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
216 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
217 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
218 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
219 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
220 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
221 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
222 **
223 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
224 */
225 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
226 
227 /*
228 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
229 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
230 **
231 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
232 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
233 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
234 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
235 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
236 ** interfaces (such as
237 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
238 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
239 ** sqlite3 object.
240 */
241 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
242 
243 /*
244 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
245 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
246 **
247 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
248 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
249 **
250 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
251 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
252 ** compatibility only.
253 **
254 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
255 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
256 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
257 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
258 */
259 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
260   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
261   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
262 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
263   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
264   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
265 #else
266   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
267   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
268 #endif
269 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
270 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
271 
272 /*
273 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
274 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
275 */
276 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
277 # define double sqlite3_int64
278 #endif
279 
280 /*
281 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
282 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
283 **
284 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
285 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
286 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
287 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
288 ** resources are deallocated.
289 **
290 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
291 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
292 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
293 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
294 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
295 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
296 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
297 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
298 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
299 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
300 **
301 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
302 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
303 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
304 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
305 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
306 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
307 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
308 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
309 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
310 **
311 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
312 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
313 **
314 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
315 ** must be either a NULL
316 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
317 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
318 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
319 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
320 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
321 */
322 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
323 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
324 
325 /*
326 ** The type for a callback function.
327 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
328 ** compatibility and is not documented.
329 */
330 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
331 
332 /*
333 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
334 ** METHOD: sqlite3
335 **
336 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
337 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
338 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
339 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
340 **
341 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
342 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
343 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
344 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
345 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
346 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
347 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
348 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
349 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
350 ** ignored.
351 **
352 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
353 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
354 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
355 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
356 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
357 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
358 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
359 ** sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
360 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
361 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
362 ** NULL before returning.
363 **
364 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
365 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
366 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
367 **
368 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
369 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
370 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
371 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
372 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
373 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
374 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
375 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
376 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
377 **
378 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
379 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
380 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
381 ** is not changed.
382 **
383 ** Restrictions:
384 **
385 ** <ul>
386 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
387 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
388 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
389 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
390 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
391 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
392 ** </ul>
393 */
394 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_exec(
395   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
396   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
397   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
398   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
399   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
400 );
401 
402 /*
403 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
404 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
405 **
406 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
407 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
408 **
409 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
410 **
411 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
412 */
413 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
414 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
415 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
416 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
417 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
418 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
419 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
420 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
421 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
422 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
423 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
424 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
425 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
426 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
427 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
428 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
429 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
430 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
431 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
432 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
433 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
434 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
435 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
436 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
437 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
438 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
439 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
440 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
441 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
442 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
443 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
444 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
445 /* end-of-error-codes */
446 
447 /*
448 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
449 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
450 **
451 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
452 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
453 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
454 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
455 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
456 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
457 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
458 ** on a per database connection basis using the
459 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
460 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
461 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
462 */
463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_IOERR_AUTH              (SQLITE_IOERR | (28<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
501 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
502 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
503 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
504 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
505 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
506 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
507 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
508 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
509 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
510 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
511 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
512 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
513 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
514 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
515 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
516 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
517 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
518 #define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
519 
520 /*
521 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
522 **
523 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
524 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
525 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
526 */
527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
529 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
530 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
531 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
532 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
533 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
534 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
535 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
536 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
537 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
538 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
539 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
540 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
541 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
542 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
543 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
544 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
545 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
546 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
547 
548 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
549 
550 /*
551 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
552 **
553 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
554 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
555 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
556 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
557 ** refers to.
558 **
559 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
560 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
561 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
562 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
563 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
564 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
565 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
566 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
567 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
568 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
569 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
570 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
571 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
572 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
573 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
574 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
575 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
576 ** elevated privileges.
577 */
578 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
579 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
580 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
581 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
582 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
583 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
584 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
585 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
586 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
587 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
588 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
589 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
590 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
591 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
592 
593 /*
594 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
595 **
596 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
597 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
598 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
599 */
600 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
601 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
602 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
603 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
604 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
605 
606 /*
607 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
608 **
609 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
610 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
611 ** these integer values as the second argument.
612 **
613 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
614 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
615 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
616 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
617 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
618 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
619 **
620 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
621 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
622 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
623 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
624 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
625 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
626 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
627 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
628 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
629 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
630 ** cares about the difference.)
631 */
632 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
633 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
634 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
635 
636 /*
637 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
638 **
639 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
640 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
641 ** implementations will
642 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
643 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
644 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
645 ** I/O operations on the open file.
646 */
647 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
648 struct sqlite3_file {
649   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
650 };
651 
652 /*
653 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
654 **
655 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
656 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
657 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
658 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
659 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
660 **
661 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
662 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
663 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
664 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
665 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
666 ** to NULL.
667 **
668 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
669 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
670 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
671 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
672 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
673 **
674 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
675 ** <ul>
676 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
677 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
678 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
679 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
680 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
681 ** </ul>
682 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
683 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
684 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
685 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
686 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
687 **
688 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
689 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
690 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
691 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
692 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
693 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
694 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
695 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
696 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
697 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
698 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
699 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
700 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
701 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
702 ** recognize.
703 **
704 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
705 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
706 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
707 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
708 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
709 ** underlying device:
710 **
711 ** <ul>
712 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
713 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
714 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
715 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
716 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
717 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
718 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
719 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
720 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
721 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
722 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
723 ** </ul>
724 **
725 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
726 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
727 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
728 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
729 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
730 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
731 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
732 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
733 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
734 ** to xWrite().
735 **
736 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
737 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
738 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
739 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
740 ** database corruption.
741 */
742 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
743 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
744   int iVersion;
745   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
746   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
747   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
748   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
749   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
750   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
751   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
752   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
753   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
754   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
755   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
756   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
757   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
758   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
759   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
760   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
761   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
762   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
763   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
764   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
765   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
766   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
767 };
768 
769 /*
770 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
771 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
772 **
773 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
774 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
775 ** interface.
776 **
777 ** <ul>
778 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
779 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
780 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
781 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
782 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
783 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
784 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
785 ** compile-time option is used.
786 **
787 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
788 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
789 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
790 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
791 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
792 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
793 ** file run faster.
794 **
795 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
796 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
797 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
798 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
799 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
800 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
801 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
802 ** improve performance on some systems.
803 **
804 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
805 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
806 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
807 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER].
808 **
809 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER]]
810 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
811 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with the journal file (either
812 ** the [rollback journal] or the [write-ahead log]) for a particular database
813 ** connection.  See also [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER].
814 **
815 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
816 ** No longer in use.
817 **
818 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
819 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
820 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
821 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
822 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
823 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
824 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
825 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
826 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
827 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
828 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
829 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
830 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
831 **
832 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
833 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
834 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
835 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
836 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
837 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
838 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
839 **
840 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
841 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
842 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
843 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
844 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
845 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
846 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
847 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
848 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
849 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
850 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
851 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
852 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
853 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
854 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
855 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
856 **
857 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
858 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
859 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
860 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
861 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
862 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
863 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
864 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
865 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
866 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
867 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
868 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
869 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
870 ** WAL persistence setting.
871 **
872 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
873 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
874 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
875 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
876 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
877 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
878 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
879 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
880 ** zero-damage mode setting.
881 **
882 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
883 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
884 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
885 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
886 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
887 **
888 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
889 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
890 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
891 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
892 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
893 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
894 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
895 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
896 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
897 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
898 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
899 **
900 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER]]
901 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER] opcode finds a pointer to the top-level
902 ** [VFSes] currently in use.  ^(The argument X in
903 ** sqlite3_file_control(db,SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER,X) must be
904 ** of type "[sqlite3_vfs] **".  This opcodes will set *X
905 ** to a pointer to the top-level VFS.)^
906 ** ^When there are multiple VFS shims in the stack, this opcode finds the
907 ** upper-most shim only.
908 **
909 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
910 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
911 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
912 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
913 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
914 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
915 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
916 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
917 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
918 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
919 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
920 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
921 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
922 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
923 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
924 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
925 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
926 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
927 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
928 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
929 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
930 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
931 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
932 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
933 **
934 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
935 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
936 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
937 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
938 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
939 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
940 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
941 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
942 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
943 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
944 ** current operation.
945 **
946 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
947 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
948 ** to have SQLite generate a
949 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
950 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
951 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
952 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
953 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
954 **
955 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
956 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
957 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
958 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
959 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
960 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
961 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
962 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
963 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
964 **
965 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
966 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
967 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
968 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
969 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
970 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
971 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
972 **
973 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
974 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
975 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
976 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
977 ** was first opened.
978 **
979 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
980 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
981 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
982 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
983 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
984 **
985 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
986 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
987 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
988 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
989 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
990 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
991 **
992 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
993 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
994 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
995 **
996 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
997 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
998 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
999 ** this opcode.
1000 ** </ul>
1001 */
1002 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
1003 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
1004 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
1005 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
1006 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
1007 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
1008 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
1009 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
1010 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
1011 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
1012 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
1013 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
1014 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
1015 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
1016 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
1017 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
1018 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
1019 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
1020 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
1021 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
1022 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
1023 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
1024 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
1025 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
1026 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
1027 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFS_POINTER            27
1028 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_JOURNAL_POINTER        28
1029 
1030 /* deprecated names */
1031 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1032 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
1033 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
1034 
1035 
1036 /*
1037 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
1038 **
1039 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
1040 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
1041 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
1042 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
1043 **
1044 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
1045 */
1046 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
1047 
1048 /*
1049 ** CAPI3REF: Loadable Extension Thunk
1050 **
1051 ** A pointer to the opaque sqlite3_api_routines structure is passed as
1052 ** the third parameter to entry points of [loadable extensions].  This
1053 ** structure must be typedefed in order to work around compiler warnings
1054 ** on some platforms.
1055 */
1056 typedef struct sqlite3_api_routines sqlite3_api_routines;
1057 
1058 /*
1059 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
1060 **
1061 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
1062 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
1063 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
1064 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
1065 **
1066 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
1067 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
1068 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
1069 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
1070 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
1071 ** modified.
1072 **
1073 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1074 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1075 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1076 **
1077 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1078 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1079 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1080 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1081 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1082 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1083 **
1084 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1085 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1086 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1087 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1088 ** object once the object has been registered.
1089 **
1090 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1091 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1092 **
1093 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1094 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1095 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1096 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1097 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1098 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1099 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1100 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1101 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1102 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1103 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1104 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1105 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1106 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1107 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1108 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1109 **
1110 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1111 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1112 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1113 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1114 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1115 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1116 **
1117 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1118 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1119 **
1120 ** <ul>
1121 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1122 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1123 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1124 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1125 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1126 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1127 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1128 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1129 ** </ul>)^
1130 **
1131 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1132 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1133 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1134 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1135 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1136 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1137 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1138 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1139 **
1140 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1141 **
1142 ** <ul>
1143 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1144 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1145 ** </ul>
1146 **
1147 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1148 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1149 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1150 ** databases, and subjournals.
1151 **
1152 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1153 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1154 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1155 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1156 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1157 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1158 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1159 ** for exclusive access.
1160 **
1161 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1162 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1163 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1164 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1165 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1166 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1167 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1168 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1169 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1170 **
1171 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1172 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1173 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1174 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1175 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1176 ** directory.
1177 **
1178 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1179 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1180 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1181 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1182 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1183 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1184 **
1185 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1186 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1187 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1188 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1189 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1190 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1191 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1192 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1193 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1194 ** a floating point value.
1195 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1196 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1197 ** a 24-hour day).
1198 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1199 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1200 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1201 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1202 **
1203 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1204 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1205 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1206 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1207 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1208 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1209 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1210 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1211 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1212 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1213 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1214 */
1215 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1216 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1217 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1218   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1219   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1220   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1221   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1222   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1223   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1224   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1225                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1226   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1227   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1228   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1229   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1230   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1231   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1232   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1233   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1234   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1235   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1236   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1237   /*
1238   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1239   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1240   */
1241   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1242   /*
1243   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1244   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1245   */
1246   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1247   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1248   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1249   /*
1250   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1251   ** New fields may be appended in future versions.  The iVersion
1252   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1253   */
1254 };
1255 
1256 /*
1257 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1258 **
1259 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1260 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1261 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1262 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1263 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1264 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1265 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1266 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1267 ** the directory).
1268 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1269 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1270 ** release of SQLite.
1271 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1272 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1273 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1274 ** SQLite.
1275 */
1276 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1277 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1278 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1279 
1280 /*
1281 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1282 **
1283 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1284 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1285 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1286 ** xShmLock method:
1287 **
1288 ** <ul>
1289 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1290 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1291 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1292 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1293 ** </ul>
1294 **
1295 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1296 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
1297 **
1298 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1299 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1300 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1301 */
1302 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1303 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1304 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1305 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1306 
1307 /*
1308 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1309 **
1310 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1311 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1312 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1313 ** lock outside of this range
1314 */
1315 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1316 
1317 
1318 /*
1319 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1320 **
1321 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1322 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1323 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1324 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1325 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1326 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1327 **
1328 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1329 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1330 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1331 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1332 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1333 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1334 **
1335 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1336 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1337 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1338 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1339 **
1340 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1341 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1342 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1343 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1344 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1345 **
1346 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1347 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1348 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1349 **
1350 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1351 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1352 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1353 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1354 **
1355 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1356 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1357 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1358 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1359 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1360 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1361 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1362 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1363 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1364 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1365 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1366 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1367 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1368 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1369 **
1370 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1371 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1372 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1373 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1374 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1375 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1376 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1377 **
1378 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1379 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1380 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1381 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1382 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1383 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1384 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1385 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1386 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1387 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1388 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1389 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1390 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1391 ** failure.
1392 */
1393 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_initialize(void);
1394 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1395 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_init(void);
1396 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_end(void);
1397 
1398 /*
1399 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1400 **
1401 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1402 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1403 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1404 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1405 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1406 **
1407 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
1408 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1409 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
1410 **
1411 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
1412 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1413 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1414 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1415 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1416 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1417 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1418 **
1419 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1420 ** [configuration option] that determines
1421 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1422 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1423 ** in the first argument.
1424 **
1425 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1426 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1427 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1428 */
1429 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1430 
1431 /*
1432 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1433 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1434 **
1435 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1436 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1437 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1438 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1439 **
1440 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1441 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1442 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1443 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1444 **
1445 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1446 ** the call is considered successful.
1447 */
1448 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1449 
1450 /*
1451 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1452 **
1453 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1454 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1455 **
1456 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1457 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1458 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1459 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1460 ** By creating an instance of this object
1461 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1462 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1463 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1464 ** dynamic memory needs.
1465 **
1466 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1467 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1468 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1469 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1470 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1471 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1472 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1473 ** conditions.
1474 **
1475 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1476 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1477 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1478 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1479 **
1480 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1481 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1482 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1483 **
1484 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1485 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1486 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1487 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1488 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1489 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1490 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1491 **
1492 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1493 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1494 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1495 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1496 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1497 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1498 **
1499 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1500 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1501 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1502 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1503 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1504 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1505 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1506 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1507 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1508 ** serialization.
1509 **
1510 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1511 ** call to xShutdown().
1512 */
1513 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1514 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1515   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1516   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1517   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1518   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1519   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1520   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1521   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1522   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1523 };
1524 
1525 /*
1526 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1527 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1528 **
1529 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1530 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1531 **
1532 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1533 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1534 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1535 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1536 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1537 ** is invoked.
1538 **
1539 ** <dl>
1540 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1541 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1542 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1543 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1544 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1545 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1546 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1547 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1548 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1549 ** configuration option.</dd>
1550 **
1551 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1552 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1553 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1554 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1555 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1556 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1557 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1558 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1559 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1560 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1561 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1562 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1563 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1564 **
1565 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1566 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1567 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1568 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1569 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1570 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1571 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1572 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1573 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1574 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1575 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1576 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1577 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1578 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1579 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1580 **
1581 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1582 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
1583 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1584 ** The argument specifies
1585 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1586 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1587 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1588 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1589 **
1590 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1591 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
1592 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
1593 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1594 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1595 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1596 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1597 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1598 **
1599 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1600 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
1601 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
1602 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
1603 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1604 **   <ul>
1605 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1606 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1607 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1608 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
1609 **   </ul>)^
1610 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1611 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1612 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1613 ** </dd>
1614 **
1615 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1616 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
1617 ** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
1618 ** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
1619 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1620 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1621 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
1622 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1623 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1624 ** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
1625 ** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1626 ** times the database page size.
1627 ** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1628 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1629 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
1630 ** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
1631 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
1632 ** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
1633 ** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
1634 ** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
1635 ** </dd>
1636 **
1637 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1638 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a memory pool
1639 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
1640 ** cache implementation.
1641 ** This configuration option is a no-op if an application-define page
1642 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2].
1643 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
1644 ** 8-byte aligned memory (pMem), the size of each page cache line (sz),
1645 ** and the number of cache lines (N).
1646 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1647 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
1648 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
1649 ** can be determined using [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ].
1650 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1651 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The pMem
1652 ** argument must be either a NULL pointer or a pointer to an 8-byte
1653 ** aligned block of memory of at least sz*N bytes, otherwise
1654 ** subsequent behavior is undefined.
1655 ** ^When pMem is not NULL, SQLite will strive to use the memory provided
1656 ** to satisfy page cache needs, falling back to [sqlite3_malloc()] if
1657 ** a page cache line is larger than sz bytes or if all of the pMem buffer
1658 ** is exhausted.
1659 ** ^If pMem is NULL and N is non-zero, then each database connection
1660 ** does an initial bulk allocation for page cache memory
1661 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] sufficient for N cache lines if N is positive or
1662 ** of -1024*N bytes if N is negative, . ^If additional
1663 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by the initial
1664 ** allocation, then SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] separately for each
1665 ** additional cache line. </dd>
1666 **
1667 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1668 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
1669 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
1670 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
1671 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1672 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
1673 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
1674 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
1675 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
1676 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1677 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1678 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1679 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1680 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1681 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
1682 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1683 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1684 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1685 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1686 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1687 **
1688 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1689 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
1690 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
1691 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
1692 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
1693 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1694 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1695 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1696 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1697 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1698 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1699 **
1700 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1701 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
1702 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1703 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1704 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1705 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1706 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1707 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1708 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1709 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1710 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1711 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1712 **
1713 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1714 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
1715 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
1716 ** The first argument is the
1717 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1718 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
1719 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1720 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1721 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1722 **
1723 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1724 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
1725 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
1726 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
1727 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
1728 **
1729 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1730 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
1731 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
1732 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1733 **
1734 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1735 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1736 ** global [error log].
1737 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1738 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1739 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1740 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1741 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1742 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1743 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1744 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1745 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1746 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1747 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1748 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1749 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1750 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1751 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1752 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1753 **
1754 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1755 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
1756 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
1757 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
1758 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
1759 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
1760 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1761 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1762 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1763 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1764 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1765 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1766 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1767 **
1768 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1769 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
1770 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
1771 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
1772 ** ^The default setting is determined
1773 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1774 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1775 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1776 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1777 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1778 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1779 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1780 **
1781 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1782 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1783 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1784 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1785 ** </dd>
1786 **
1787 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1788 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1789 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1790 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1791 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1792 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1793 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1794 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1795 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1796 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1797 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1798 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1799 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1800 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1801 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1802 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1803 **
1804 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1805 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1806 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1807 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1808 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1809 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1810 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1811 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1812 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
1813 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1814 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1815 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1816 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1817 **
1818 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1819 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1820 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
1821 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
1822 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1823 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1824 **
1825 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
1826 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
1827 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
1828 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
1829 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1830 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
1831 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
1832 **
1833 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
1834 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
1835 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
1836 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
1837 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
1838 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
1839 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
1840 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
1841 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
1842 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
1843 **
1844 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL]]
1845 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL
1846 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL option takes a single parameter which
1847 ** becomes the [statement journal] spill-to-disk threshold.
1848 ** [Statement journals] are held in memory until their size (in bytes)
1849 ** exceeds this threshold, at which point they are written to disk.
1850 ** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
1851 ** exclusively in memory.
1852 ** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
1853 ** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
1854 ** I/O required to support statement rollback.
1855 ** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
1856 ** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
1857 ** </dl>
1858 */
1859 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1860 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1861 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1862 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1863 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1864 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1865 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1866 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1867 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1868 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1869 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1870 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1871 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1872 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1873 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1874 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1875 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1876 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1877 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1878 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1879 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1880 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1881 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1882 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
1883 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
1884 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
1885 
1886 /*
1887 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1888 **
1889 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1890 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1891 **
1892 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1893 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1894 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1895 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1896 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1897 ** is invoked.
1898 **
1899 ** <dl>
1900 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1901 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1902 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1903 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1904 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1905 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1906 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1907 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1908 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1909 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1910 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1911 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1912 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1913 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1914 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1915 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1916 ** when the "current value" returned by
1917 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1918 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1919 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1920 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1921 **
1922 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1923 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1924 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1925 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1926 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1927 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1928 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1929 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1930 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1931 **
1932 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1933 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1934 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1935 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1936 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1937 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1938 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1939 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1940 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1941 **
1942 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER</dt>
1943 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the two-argument
1944 ** version of the [fts3_tokenizer()] function which is part of the
1945 ** [FTS3] full-text search engine extension.
1946 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1947 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable fts3_tokenizer() or
1948 ** positive to enable fts3_tokenizer() or negative to leave the setting
1949 ** unchanged.
1950 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1951 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether fts3_tokenizer is disabled or enabled
1952 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1953 ** which case the new setting is not reported back. </dd>
1954 **
1955 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION</dt>
1956 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the [sqlite3_load_extension()]
1957 ** interface independently of the [load_extension()] SQL function.
1958 ** The [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] API enables or disables both the
1959 ** C-API [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
1960 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1961 ** When the first argument to this interface is 1, then only the C-API is
1962 ** enabled and the SQL function remains disabled.  If the first argument to
1963 ** this interface is 0, then both the C-API and the SQL function are disabled.
1964 ** If the first argument is -1, then no changes are made to state of either the
1965 ** C-API or the SQL function.
1966 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1967 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface
1968 ** is disabled or enabled following this call.  The second parameter may
1969 ** be a NULL pointer, in which case the new setting is not reported back.
1970 ** </dd>
1971 **
1972 ** </dl>
1973 */
1974 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE             1001 /* void* int int */
1975 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY           1002 /* int int* */
1976 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER        1003 /* int int* */
1977 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
1978 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
1979 
1980 
1981 /*
1982 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1983 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1984 **
1985 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1986 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1987 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1988 */
1989 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1990 
1991 /*
1992 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1993 ** METHOD: sqlite3
1994 **
1995 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1996 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
1997 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1998 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1999 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
2000 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
2001 ** is another alias for the rowid.
2002 **
2003 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
2004 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
2005 ** on database connection D.
2006 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
2007 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
2008 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
2009 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
2010 **
2011 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
2012 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
2013 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
2014 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
2015 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
2016 ** table method began.)^
2017 **
2018 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
2019 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
2020 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
2021 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
2022 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
2023 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
2024 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
2025 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
2026 ** the return value of this interface.)^
2027 **
2028 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
2029 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
2030 **
2031 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
2032 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
2033 **
2034 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
2035 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
2036 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
2037 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
2038 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
2039 ** last insert [rowid].
2040 */
2041 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
2042 
2043 /*
2044 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
2045 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2046 **
2047 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
2048 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
2049 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
2050 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
2051 ** returned by this function.
2052 **
2053 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
2054 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
2055 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
2056 **
2057 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
2058 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
2059 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
2060 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
2061 ** tables are counted.
2062 **
2063 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
2064 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
2065 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
2066 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
2067 **
2068 ** <ul>
2069 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
2070 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
2071 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
2072 **
2073 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
2074 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
2075 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
2076 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
2077 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
2078 ** </ul>
2079 **
2080 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
2081 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
2082 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
2083 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
2084 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
2085 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
2086 **
2087 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
2088 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
2089 **
2090 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2091 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
2092 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2093 */
2094 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
2095 
2096 /*
2097 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
2098 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2099 **
2100 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
2101 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
2102 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
2103 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
2104 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
2105 **
2106 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
2107 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
2108 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
2109 ** are not counted.
2110 **
2111 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
2112 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
2113 **
2114 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
2115 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
2116 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
2117 */
2118 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
2119 
2120 /*
2121 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
2122 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2123 **
2124 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
2125 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
2126 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
2127 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
2128 ** immediately.
2129 **
2130 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
2131 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
2132 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
2133 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
2134 **
2135 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
2136 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
2137 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
2138 **
2139 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
2140 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
2141 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
2142 ** will be rolled back automatically.
2143 **
2144 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
2145 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
2146 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
2147 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
2148 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
2149 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
2150 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
2151 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
2152 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
2153 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
2154 **
2155 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
2156 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
2157 */
2158 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
2159 
2160 /*
2161 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
2162 **
2163 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
2164 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
2165 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2166 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2167 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2168 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2169 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2170 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2171 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2172 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2173 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2174 **
2175 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2176 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2177 **
2178 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2179 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2180 **
2181 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2182 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2183 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2184 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2185 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2186 **
2187 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2188 ** UTF-8 string.
2189 **
2190 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2191 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2192 */
2193 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2194 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2195 
2196 /*
2197 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2198 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
2199 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2200 **
2201 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2202 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2203 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2204 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2205 ** or process has the table locked.
2206 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2207 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2208 **
2209 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2210 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2211 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2212 **
2213 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2214 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2215 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2216 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
2217 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2218 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2219 ** to the application.
2220 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2221 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2222 **
2223 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2224 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2225 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2226 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2227 ** busy handler.
2228 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2229 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2230 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2231 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2232 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2233 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2234 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2235 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2236 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2237 ** the second process to proceed.
2238 **
2239 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2240 **
2241 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2242 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2243 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2244 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2245 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2246 **
2247 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2248 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2249 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2250 ** result in undefined behavior.
2251 **
2252 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2253 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2254 */
2255 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int),void*);
2256 
2257 /*
2258 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2259 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2260 **
2261 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2262 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2263 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2264 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2265 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2266 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2267 **
2268 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2269 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2270 **
2271 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2272 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2273 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2274 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2275 **
2276 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2277 */
2278 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2279 
2280 /*
2281 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2282 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2283 **
2284 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2285 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2286 **
2287 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2288 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2289 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2290 **
2291 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2292 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2293 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2294 ** and M be the number of columns.
2295 **
2296 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2297 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2298 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2299 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2300 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2301 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2302 **
2303 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2304 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2305 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2306 **
2307 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2308 ** is as follows:
2309 **
2310 ** <blockquote><pre>
2311 **        Name        | Age
2312 **        -----------------------
2313 **        Alice       | 43
2314 **        Bob         | 28
2315 **        Cindy       | 21
2316 ** </pre></blockquote>
2317 **
2318 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2319 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2320 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2321 **
2322 ** <blockquote><pre>
2323 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2324 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2325 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2326 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2327 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2328 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2329 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2330 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2331 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2332 **
2333 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2334 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2335 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2336 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2337 **
2338 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2339 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2340 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2341 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2342 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2343 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2344 **
2345 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2346 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2347 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2348 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2349 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2350 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2351 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2352 */
2353 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_table(
2354   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2355   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2356   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2357   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2358   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2359   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2360 );
2361 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2362 
2363 /*
2364 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2365 **
2366 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2367 ** from the standard C library.
2368 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
2369 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
2370 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
2371 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
2372 **
2373 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2374 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2375 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2376 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2377 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2378 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2379 **
2380 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2381 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2382 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2383 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2384 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2385 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2386 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2387 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2388 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2389 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2390 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2391 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2392 **
2393 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2394 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2395 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2396 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2397 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2398 **
2399 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2400 **
2401 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2402 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2403 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2404 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
2405 **
2406 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2407 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2408 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2409 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2410 ** the string.
2411 **
2412 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2413 **
2414 ** <blockquote><pre>
2415 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2416 ** </pre></blockquote>
2417 **
2418 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2419 **
2420 ** <blockquote><pre>
2421 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2422 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2423 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2424 ** </pre></blockquote>
2425 **
2426 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2427 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2428 **
2429 ** <blockquote><pre>
2430 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2431 ** </pre></blockquote>
2432 **
2433 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2434 ** would have looked like this:
2435 **
2436 ** <blockquote><pre>
2437 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2438 ** </pre></blockquote>
2439 **
2440 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2441 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2442 **
2443 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2444 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2445 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2446 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2447 **
2448 ** <blockquote><pre>
2449 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2450 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2451 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2452 ** </pre></blockquote>
2453 **
2454 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2455 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2456 **
2457 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
2458 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
2459 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
2460 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
2461 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
2462 **
2463 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2464 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2465 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2466 */
2467 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2468 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2469 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2470 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2471 
2472 /*
2473 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2474 **
2475 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2476 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2477 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2478 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2479 **
2480 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2481 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2482 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2483 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2484 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2485 ** a NULL pointer.
2486 **
2487 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2488 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2489 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2490 **
2491 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2492 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2493 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2494 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2495 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2496 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2497 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2498 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2499 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2500 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2501 **
2502 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2503 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2504 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2505 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2506 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2507 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2508 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2509 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2510 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2511 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2512 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2513 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2514 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2515 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2516 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2517 **
2518 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2519 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2520 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2521 **
2522 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2523 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2524 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2525 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2526 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2527 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2528 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2529 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2530 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2531 **
2532 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2533 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2534 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2535 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2536 ** option is used.
2537 **
2538 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2539 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2540 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2541 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2542 **
2543 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2544 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2545 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2546 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2547 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2548 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2549 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2550 **
2551 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2552 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2553 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2554 ** not yet been released.
2555 **
2556 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2557 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2558 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2559 */
2560 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc(int);
2561 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2562 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2563 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2564 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free(void*);
2565 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_msize(void*);
2566 
2567 /*
2568 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2569 **
2570 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2571 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2572 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2573 **
2574 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2575 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2576 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2577 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2578 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2579 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2580 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2581 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2582 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2583 **
2584 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2585 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2586 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2587 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2588 ** prior to the reset.
2589 */
2590 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2591 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2592 
2593 /*
2594 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2595 **
2596 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2597 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2598 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2599 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2600 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2601 **
2602 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2603 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
2604 **
2605 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2606 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
2607 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
2608 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2609 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
2610 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
2611 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2612 ** method.
2613 */
2614 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2615 
2616 /*
2617 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2618 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2619 **
2620 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2621 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2622 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2623 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2624 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2625 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2626 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2627 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2628 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2629 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2630 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2631 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2632 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2633 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2634 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2635 **
2636 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2637 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2638 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2639 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2640 ** access is denied.
2641 **
2642 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2643 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2644 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2645 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2646 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2647 ** details about the action to be authorized.
2648 **
2649 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2650 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2651 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2652 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2653 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2654 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2655 ** columns of a table.
2656 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2657 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2658 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2659 **
2660 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2661 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2662 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2663 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2664 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2665 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2666 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2667 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2668 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2669 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2670 **
2671 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2672 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2673 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2674 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2675 **
2676 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2677 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2678 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2679 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2680 **
2681 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2682 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2683 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2684 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2685 **
2686 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2687 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2688 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2689 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2690 **
2691 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2692 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2693 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2694 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2695 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2696 */
2697 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2698   sqlite3*,
2699   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2700   void *pUserData
2701 );
2702 
2703 /*
2704 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2705 **
2706 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2707 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2708 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2709 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2710 ** information.
2711 **
2712 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2713 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2714 */
2715 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2716 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2717 
2718 /*
2719 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2720 **
2721 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2722 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2723 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2724 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2725 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2726 **
2727 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2728 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2729 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2730 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2731 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2732 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2733 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2734 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2735 ** top-level SQL code.
2736 */
2737 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2738 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2739 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2740 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2741 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2742 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2743 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2744 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2745 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2746 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2747 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2748 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2749 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2750 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2751 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2752 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2753 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2754 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2755 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2756 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2757 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2758 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2759 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2760 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2761 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2762 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2763 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2764 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2765 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2766 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2767 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2768 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2769 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2770 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2771 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2772 
2773 /*
2774 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2775 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2776 **
2777 ** These routines are deprecated. Use the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] interface
2778 ** instead of the routines described here.
2779 **
2780 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2781 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2782 **
2783 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2784 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2785 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2786 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2787 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2788 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2789 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2790 **
2791 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2792 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2793 **
2794 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2795 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2796 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2797 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2798 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2799 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2800 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2801 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2802 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2803 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2804 */
2805 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*,
2806    void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2807 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2808    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2809 
2810 /*
2811 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Event Codes
2812 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
2813 **
2814 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
2815 ** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
2816 ** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
2817 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
2818 ** is one of the following constants.
2819 **
2820 ** New tracing constants may be added in future releases.
2821 **
2822 ** ^A trace callback has four arguments: xCallback(T,C,P,X).
2823 ** ^The T argument is one of the integer type codes above.
2824 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer passed in as the
2825 ** fourth argument to [sqlite3_trace_v2()].
2826 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2827 **
2828 ** <dl>
2829 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_STMT]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_STMT</dt>
2830 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_STMT callback is invoked when a prepared statement
2831 ** first begins running and possibly at other times during the
2832 ** execution of the prepared statement, such as at the start of each
2833 ** trigger subprogram. ^The P argument is a pointer to the
2834 ** [prepared statement]. ^The X argument is a pointer to a string which
2835 ** is the unexpanded SQL text of the prepared statement or an SQL comment
2836 ** that indicates the invocation of a trigger.  ^The callback can compute
2837 ** the same text that would have been returned by the legacy [sqlite3_trace()]
2838 ** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
2839 ** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
2840 **
2841 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
2842 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
2843 ** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
2844 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2845 ** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is the estimated of
2846 ** the number of nanosecond that the prepared statement took to run.
2847 ** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
2848 **
2849 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
2850 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
2851 ** statement generates a single row of result.
2852 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
2853 ** X argument is unused.
2854 **
2855 ** [[SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE</dt>
2856 ** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE callback is invoked when a database
2857 ** connection closes.
2858 ** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [database connection] object
2859 ** and the X argument is unused.
2860 ** </dl>
2861 */
2862 #define SQLITE_TRACE_STMT       0x01
2863 #define SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE    0x02
2864 #define SQLITE_TRACE_ROW        0x04
2865 #define SQLITE_TRACE_CLOSE      0x08
2866 
2867 /*
2868 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Trace Hook
2869 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2870 **
2871 ** ^The sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P) interface registers a trace callback
2872 ** function X against [database connection] D, using property mask M
2873 ** and context pointer P.  ^If the X callback is
2874 ** NULL or if the M mask is zero, then tracing is disabled.  The
2875 ** M argument should be the bitwise OR-ed combination of
2876 ** zero or more [SQLITE_TRACE] constants.
2877 **
2878 ** ^Each call to either sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2() overrides
2879 ** (cancels) any prior calls to sqlite3_trace() or sqlite3_trace_v2().
2880 **
2881 ** ^The X callback is invoked whenever any of the events identified by
2882 ** mask M occur.  ^The integer return value from the callback is currently
2883 ** ignored, though this may change in future releases.  Callback
2884 ** implementations should return zero to ensure future compatibility.
2885 **
2886 ** ^A trace callback is invoked with four arguments: callback(T,C,P,X).
2887 ** ^The T argument is one of the [SQLITE_TRACE]
2888 ** constants to indicate why the callback was invoked.
2889 ** ^The C argument is a copy of the context pointer.
2890 ** The P and X arguments are pointers whose meanings depend on T.
2891 **
2892 ** The sqlite3_trace_v2() interface is intended to replace the legacy
2893 ** interfaces [sqlite3_trace()] and [sqlite3_profile()], both of which
2894 ** are deprecated.
2895 */
2896 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace_v2(
2897   sqlite3*,
2898   unsigned uMask,
2899   int(*xCallback)(unsigned,void*,void*,void*),
2900   void *pCtx
2901 );
2902 
2903 /*
2904 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2905 ** METHOD: sqlite3
2906 **
2907 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2908 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2909 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2910 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
2911 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2912 **
2913 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2914 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2915 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2916 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2917 ** handler is disabled.
2918 **
2919 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2920 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2921 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2922 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2923 ** than 1.
2924 **
2925 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2926 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2927 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2928 **
2929 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2930 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2931 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2932 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2933 **
2934 */
2935 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2936 
2937 /*
2938 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2939 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
2940 **
2941 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2942 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2943 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2944 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2945 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2946 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2947 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2948 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2949 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2950 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2951 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2952 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2953 **
2954 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2955 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2956 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2957 **
2958 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2959 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2960 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2961 **
2962 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2963 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2964 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2965 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2966 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2967 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2968 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2969 **
2970 ** <dl>
2971 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2972 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2973 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2974 **
2975 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2976 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2977 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2978 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2979 **
2980 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2981 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2982 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2983 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2984 ** </dl>
2985 **
2986 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2987 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2988 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2989 ** then the behavior is undefined.
2990 **
2991 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2992 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2993 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2994 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2995 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2996 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2997 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2998 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2999 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
3000 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
3001 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
3002 **
3003 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
3004 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
3005 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
3006 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
3007 **
3008 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
3009 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
3010 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
3011 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
3012 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
3013 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
3014 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
3015 **
3016 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
3017 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
3018 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
3019 **
3020 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
3021 **
3022 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
3023 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
3024 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
3025 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
3026 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
3027 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
3028 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
3029 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
3030 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
3031 ** information.
3032 **
3033 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
3034 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
3035 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
3036 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
3037 ** present, is ignored.
3038 **
3039 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
3040 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
3041 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
3042 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
3043 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
3044 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
3045 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
3046 **
3047 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
3048 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
3049 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
3050 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
3051 ** following query parameters:
3052 **
3053 ** <ul>
3054 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
3055 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
3056 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
3057 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
3058 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
3059 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
3060 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3061 **
3062 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
3063 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
3064 **     an error)^.
3065 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
3066 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
3067 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
3068 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
3069 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
3070 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
3071 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
3072 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
3073 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
3074 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
3075 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
3076 **
3077 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
3078 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
3079 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
3080 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
3081 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
3082 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
3083 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
3084 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
3085 **
3086 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
3087 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
3088 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
3089 **
3090 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
3091 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
3092 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
3093 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
3094 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
3095 **     processes uses nolock=1.
3096 **
3097 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
3098 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
3099 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
3100 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
3101 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
3102 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
3103 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
3104 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
3105 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
3106 **
3107 ** </ul>
3108 **
3109 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
3110 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
3111 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
3112 ** additional information.
3113 **
3114 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
3115 **
3116 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
3117 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
3118 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
3119 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
3120 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
3121 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
3122 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
3123 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
3124 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
3125 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
3126 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
3127 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
3128 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
3129 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
3130 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
3131 **          in URI filenames.
3132 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
3133 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
3134 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
3135 **          default, use a private cache.
3136 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
3137 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
3138 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
3139 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
3140 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
3141 ** </table>
3142 **
3143 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
3144 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
3145 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
3146 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
3147 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
3148 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
3149 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
3150 ** the results are undefined.
3151 **
3152 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
3153 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
3154 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
3155 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
3156 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
3157 **
3158 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
3159 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
3160 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
3161 **
3162 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
3163 */
3164 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open(
3165   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3166   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3167 );
3168 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open16(
3169   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
3170   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3171 );
3172 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open_v2(
3173   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
3174   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
3175   int flags,              /* Flags */
3176   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
3177 );
3178 
3179 /*
3180 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
3181 **
3182 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
3183 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
3184 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
3185 **
3186 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
3187 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
3188 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
3189 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
3190 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
3191 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
3192 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
3193 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
3194 ** a pointer to an empty string.
3195 **
3196 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
3197 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
3198 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
3199 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
3200 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
3201 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
3202 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
3203 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
3204 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
3205 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
3206 **
3207 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
3208 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
3209 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
3210 ** zero is returned.
3211 **
3212 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
3213 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
3214 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
3215 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
3216 ** undesirable.
3217 */
3218 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
3219 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
3220 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
3221 
3222 
3223 /*
3224 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
3225 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3226 **
3227 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
3228 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
3229 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
3230 ** API call.
3231 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
3232 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
3233 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
3234 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
3235 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
3236 ** disabled.
3237 **
3238 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
3239 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
3240 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
3241 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
3242 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
3243 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
3244 **
3245 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
3246 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
3247 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
3248 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
3249 **
3250 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
3251 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
3252 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
3253 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
3254 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
3255 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
3256 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
3257 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
3258 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
3259 **
3260 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
3261 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
3262 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
3263 */
3264 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3265 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
3266 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
3267 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
3268 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errstr(int);
3269 
3270 /*
3271 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
3272 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
3273 **
3274 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
3275 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
3276 **
3277 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
3278 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
3279 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
3280 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
3281 **
3282 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
3283 **
3284 ** <ol>
3285 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
3286 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
3287 **      interfaces.
3288 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3289 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3290 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3291 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3292 ** </ol>
3293 */
3294 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3295 
3296 /*
3297 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3298 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3299 **
3300 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3301 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3302 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3303 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3304 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3305 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3306 **
3307 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3308 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3309 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3310 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3311 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3312 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3313 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3314 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3315 **
3316 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3317 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3318 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3319 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3320 **
3321 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3322 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3323 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3324 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3325 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3326 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3327 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3328 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3329 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3330 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3331 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3332 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3333 **
3334 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3335 */
3336 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3337 
3338 /*
3339 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3340 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3341 **
3342 ** These constants define various performance limits
3343 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3344 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3345 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3346 **
3347 ** <dl>
3348 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3349 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3350 **
3351 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3352 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3353 **
3354 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3355 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3356 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3357 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3358 **
3359 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3360 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3361 **
3362 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3363 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3364 **
3365 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3366 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3367 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3368 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3369 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
3370 **
3371 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3372 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3373 **
3374 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3375 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3376 **
3377 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3378 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3379 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3380 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3381 **
3382 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3383 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3384 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3385 **
3386 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3387 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3388 **
3389 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3390 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3391 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3392 ** </dl>
3393 */
3394 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3395 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3396 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3397 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3398 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3399 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3400 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3401 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3402 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3403 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3404 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3405 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3406 
3407 /*
3408 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3409 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3410 ** METHOD: sqlite3
3411 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
3412 **
3413 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3414 ** program using one of these routines.
3415 **
3416 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3417 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3418 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3419 **
3420 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3421 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3422 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3423 ** use UTF-16.
3424 **
3425 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
3426 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
3427 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
3428 ** statement is generated.
3429 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
3430 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
3431 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3432 ** the nul-terminator.
3433 **
3434 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3435 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3436 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3437 ** what remains uncompiled.
3438 **
3439 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3440 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3441 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3442 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3443 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3444 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3445 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3446 **
3447 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3448 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3449 **
3450 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3451 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3452 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3453 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3454 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3455 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3456 ** behave differently in three ways:
3457 **
3458 ** <ol>
3459 ** <li>
3460 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3461 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3462 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3463 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3464 ** </li>
3465 **
3466 ** <li>
3467 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3468 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3469 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3470 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3471 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3472 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3473 ** </li>
3474 **
3475 ** <li>
3476 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3477 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3478 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3479 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3480 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3481 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3482 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3483 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3484 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3485 ** </li>
3486 ** </ol>
3487 */
3488 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare(
3489   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3490   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3491   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3492   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3493   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3494 );
3495 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3496   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3497   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3498   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3499   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3500   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3501 );
3502 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16(
3503   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3504   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3505   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3506   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3507   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3508 );
3509 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3510   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3511   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3512   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3513   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3514   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3515 );
3516 
3517 /*
3518 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3519 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3520 **
3521 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
3522 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
3523 ** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3524 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
3525 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
3526 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
3527 **
3528 ** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
3529 ** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
3530 ** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return
3531 ** the original string, "SELECT $abc,:xyz" but sqlite3_expanded_sql()
3532 ** will return "SELECT 2345,NULL".)^
3533 **
3534 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql() interface returns NULL if insufficient memory
3535 ** is available to hold the result, or if the result would exceed the
3536 ** the maximum string length determined by the [SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH].
3537 **
3538 ** ^The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option limits the size of
3539 ** bound parameter expansions.  ^The [SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE] compile-time
3540 ** option causes sqlite3_expanded_sql() to always return NULL.
3541 **
3542 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_sql(P) is managed by SQLite and is
3543 ** automatically freed when the prepared statement is finalized.
3544 ** ^The string returned by sqlite3_expanded_sql(P), on the other hand,
3545 ** is obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()] and must be free by the application
3546 ** by passing it to [sqlite3_free()].
3547 */
3548 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3549 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expanded_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3550 
3551 /*
3552 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3553 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3554 **
3555 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3556 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3557 ** the content of the database file.
3558 **
3559 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3560 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3561 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3562 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3563 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3564 **
3565 ** <blockquote><pre>
3566 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3567 ** </pre></blockquote>
3568 **
3569 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3570 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3571 **
3572 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3573 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3574 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3575 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3576 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3577 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3578 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3579 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3580 */
3581 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3582 
3583 /*
3584 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3585 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3586 **
3587 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3588 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3589 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
3590 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
3591 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3592 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3593 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3594 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3595 **
3596 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3597 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3598 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3599 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3600 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3601 */
3602 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3603 
3604 /*
3605 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3606 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3607 **
3608 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3609 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3610 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3611 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3612 **
3613 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3614 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3615 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3616 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3617 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
3618 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
3619 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3620 **
3621 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3622 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3623 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3624 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3625 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3626 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3627 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3628 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3629 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3630 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3631 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3632 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3633 **
3634 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3635 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3636 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3637 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3638 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3639 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3640 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3641 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3642 */
3643 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3644 
3645 /*
3646 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3647 **
3648 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3649 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3650 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3651 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3652 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3653 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3654 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3655 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3656 */
3657 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3658 
3659 /*
3660 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3661 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3662 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3663 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3664 **
3665 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3666 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3667 ** templates:
3668 **
3669 ** <ul>
3670 ** <li>  ?
3671 ** <li>  ?NNN
3672 ** <li>  :VVV
3673 ** <li>  @VVV
3674 ** <li>  $VVV
3675 ** </ul>
3676 **
3677 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3678 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3679 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3680 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3681 **
3682 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3683 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3684 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3685 **
3686 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3687 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3688 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3689 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3690 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3691 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3692 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3693 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3694 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3695 **
3696 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3697 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3698 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3699 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3700 **
3701 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3702 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3703 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3704 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3705 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3706 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3707 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3708 ** the behavior is undefined.
3709 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3710 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3711 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3712 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3713 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3714 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3715 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3716 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3717 **
3718 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3719 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3720 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3721 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3722 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3723 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3724 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3725 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3726 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3727 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3728 **
3729 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3730 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3731 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3732 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3733 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3734 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3735 ** is undefined.
3736 **
3737 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3738 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3739 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3740 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3741 ** content is later written using
3742 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3743 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3744 **
3745 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3746 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3747 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3748 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3749 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3750 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3751 **
3752 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3753 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3754 **
3755 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3756 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3757 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3758 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3759 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3760 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3761 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3762 **
3763 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3764 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3765 */
3766 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3767 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3768                         void(*)(void*));
3769 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3770 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3771 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3772 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3773 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3774 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3775 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3776                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3777 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3778 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3779 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
3780 
3781 /*
3782 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3783 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3784 **
3785 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3786 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3787 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3788 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3789 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3790 **
3791 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3792 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3793 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3794 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3795 **
3796 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3797 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3798 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3799 */
3800 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3801 
3802 /*
3803 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3804 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3805 **
3806 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3807 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3808 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3809 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3810 ** respectively.
3811 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3812 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3813 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3814 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3815 **
3816 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3817 **
3818 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3819 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3820 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3821 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3822 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3823 **
3824 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3825 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3826 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3827 */
3828 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3829 
3830 /*
3831 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3832 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3833 **
3834 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3835 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3836 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3837 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3838 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3839 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3840 **
3841 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3842 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3843 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
3844 */
3845 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3846 
3847 /*
3848 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3849 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3850 **
3851 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3852 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3853 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3854 */
3855 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3856 
3857 /*
3858 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3859 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3860 **
3861 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3862 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3863 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3864 **
3865 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3866 */
3867 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3868 
3869 /*
3870 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3871 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3872 **
3873 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3874 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3875 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3876 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3877 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3878 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3879 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3880 **
3881 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3882 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3883 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3884 ** or until the next call to
3885 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3886 **
3887 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3888 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3889 ** NULL pointer is returned.
3890 **
3891 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3892 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3893 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3894 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
3895 */
3896 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3897 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3898 
3899 /*
3900 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3901 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3902 **
3903 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3904 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3905 ** [SELECT] statement.
3906 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3907 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3908 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3909 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3910 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3911 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3912 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3913 ** or until the same information is requested
3914 ** again in a different encoding.
3915 **
3916 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3917 ** database, table, and column.
3918 **
3919 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3920 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3921 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3922 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3923 **
3924 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3925 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3926 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3927 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3928 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3929 **
3930 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3931 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3932 **
3933 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3934 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3935 **
3936 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3937 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3938 ** undefined.
3939 **
3940 ** If two or more threads call one or more
3941 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3942 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3943 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3944 */
3945 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3946 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3947 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3948 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3949 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3950 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3951 
3952 /*
3953 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3954 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3955 **
3956 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3957 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3958 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3959 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3960 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3961 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3962 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3963 **
3964 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3965 **
3966 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3967 **
3968 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
3969 **
3970 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3971 **
3972 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3973 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3974 **
3975 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3976 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3977 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3978 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3979 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3980 ** used to hold those values.
3981 */
3982 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3983 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3984 
3985 /*
3986 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3987 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
3988 **
3989 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3990 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3991 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3992 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3993 **
3994 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3995 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3996 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3997 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3998 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3999 ** interface will continue to be supported.
4000 **
4001 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
4002 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
4003 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
4004 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
4005 **
4006 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
4007 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
4008 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
4009 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
4010 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
4011 ** continuing.
4012 **
4013 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
4014 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
4015 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
4016 ** machine back to its initial state.
4017 **
4018 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
4019 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
4020 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
4021 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
4022 **
4023 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
4024 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
4025 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
4026 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
4027 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
4028 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
4029 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
4030 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
4031 **
4032 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
4033 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
4034 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
4035 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
4036 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
4037 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
4038 **
4039 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
4040 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
4041 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
4042 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
4043 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
4044 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
4045 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
4046 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
4047 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
4048 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
4049 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
4050 **
4051 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
4052 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
4053 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
4054 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
4055 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
4056 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
4057 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
4058 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
4059 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
4060 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
4061 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
4062 */
4063 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
4064 
4065 /*
4066 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
4067 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4068 **
4069 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
4070 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
4071 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
4072 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
4073 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
4074 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
4075 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
4076 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
4077 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
4078 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
4079 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
4080 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
4081 **
4082 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
4083 */
4084 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4085 
4086 /*
4087 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
4088 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
4089 **
4090 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
4091 **
4092 ** <ul>
4093 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
4094 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
4095 ** <li> string
4096 ** <li> BLOB
4097 ** <li> NULL
4098 ** </ul>)^
4099 **
4100 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
4101 **
4102 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
4103 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
4104 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
4105 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
4106 */
4107 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
4108 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
4109 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
4110 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
4111 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
4112 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
4113 #else
4114 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
4115 #endif
4116 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
4117 
4118 /*
4119 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
4120 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
4121 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4122 **
4123 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
4124 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
4125 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
4126 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
4127 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
4128 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
4129 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
4130 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
4131 **
4132 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
4133 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
4134 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
4135 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
4136 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
4137 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
4138 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
4139 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
4140 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
4141 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
4142 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
4143 **
4144 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
4145 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
4146 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
4147 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
4148 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
4149 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
4150 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
4151 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
4152 ** following a type conversion.
4153 **
4154 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
4155 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4156 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
4157 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
4158 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
4159 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
4160 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4161 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
4162 **
4163 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
4164 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
4165 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
4166 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
4167 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
4168 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
4169 ** the number of bytes in that string.
4170 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
4171 **
4172 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
4173 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
4174 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
4175 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
4176 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
4177 **
4178 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
4179 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
4180 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
4181 **
4182 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
4183 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
4184 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
4185 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
4186 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
4187 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
4188 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4189 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
4190 **
4191 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
4192 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
4193 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
4194 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
4195 ** that are applied:
4196 **
4197 ** <blockquote>
4198 ** <table border="1">
4199 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
4200 **
4201 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
4202 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
4203 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4204 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
4205 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
4206 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
4207 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
4208 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4209 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
4210 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
4211 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4212 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4213 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
4214 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
4215 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
4216 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
4217 ** </table>
4218 ** </blockquote>)^
4219 **
4220 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
4221 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
4222 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
4223 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
4224 ** in the following cases:
4225 **
4226 ** <ul>
4227 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
4228 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
4229 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
4230 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
4231 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
4232 **      to UTF-16.</li>
4233 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4234 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
4235 **      to UTF-8.</li>
4236 ** </ul>
4237 **
4238 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
4239 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
4240 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
4241 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
4242 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
4243 **
4244 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
4245 ** in one of the following ways:
4246 **
4247 ** <ul>
4248 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4249 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
4250 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
4251 ** </ul>
4252 **
4253 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
4254 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
4255 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
4256 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
4257 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
4258 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
4259 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
4260 **
4261 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
4262 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
4263 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
4264 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
4265 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
4266 ** [sqlite3_free()].
4267 **
4268 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
4269 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
4270 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
4271 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
4272 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
4273 */
4274 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4275 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4276 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4277 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4278 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4279 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4280 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4281 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4282 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4283 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
4284 
4285 /*
4286 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
4287 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
4288 **
4289 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
4290 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
4291 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
4292 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
4293 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
4294 ** [extended error code].
4295 **
4296 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
4297 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
4298 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
4299 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
4300 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
4301 ** completed execution.
4302 **
4303 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
4304 **
4305 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
4306 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
4307 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
4308 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
4309 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
4310 */
4311 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4312 
4313 /*
4314 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
4315 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
4316 **
4317 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
4318 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
4319 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
4320 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
4321 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
4322 **
4323 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4324 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4325 **
4326 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4327 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4328 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4329 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4330 **
4331 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4332 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4333 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4334 **
4335 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4336 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4337 */
4338 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4339 
4340 /*
4341 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4342 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4343 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4344 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4345 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4346 **
4347 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4348 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4349 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4350 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4351 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4352 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4353 ** the application data pointer.
4354 **
4355 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4356 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4357 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4358 ** to each database connection separately.
4359 **
4360 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4361 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4362 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4363 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4364 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4365 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4366 **
4367 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4368 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4369 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4370 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4371 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4372 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4373 ** undefined.
4374 **
4375 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4376 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4377 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4378 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4379 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4380 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4381 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4382 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4383 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4384 ** each encoding.
4385 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4386 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4387 **
4388 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4389 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4390 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4391 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4392 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4393 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4394 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4395 **
4396 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4397 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4398 **
4399 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4400 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4401 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4402 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4403 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4404 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4405 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4406 ** callbacks.
4407 **
4408 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4409 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4410 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4411 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4412 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4413 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4414 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4415 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4416 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4417 **
4418 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4419 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4420 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4421 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4422 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4423 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4424 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4425 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4426 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4427 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4428 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4429 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4430 **
4431 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4432 **
4433 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4434 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4435 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4436 ** statement in which the function is running.
4437 */
4438 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function(
4439   sqlite3 *db,
4440   const char *zFunctionName,
4441   int nArg,
4442   int eTextRep,
4443   void *pApp,
4444   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4445   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4446   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4447 );
4448 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function16(
4449   sqlite3 *db,
4450   const void *zFunctionName,
4451   int nArg,
4452   int eTextRep,
4453   void *pApp,
4454   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4455   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4456   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4457 );
4458 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4459   sqlite3 *db,
4460   const char *zFunctionName,
4461   int nArg,
4462   int eTextRep,
4463   void *pApp,
4464   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4465   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4466   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4467   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4468 );
4469 
4470 /*
4471 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4472 **
4473 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4474 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4475 */
4476 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
4477 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
4478 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
4479 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4480 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4481 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4482 
4483 /*
4484 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4485 **
4486 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4487 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4488 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4489 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4490 */
4491 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4492 
4493 /*
4494 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4495 ** DEPRECATED
4496 **
4497 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4498 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4499 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4500 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
4501 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
4502 */
4503 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4504 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4505 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4506 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4507 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4508 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4509 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4510                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4511 #endif
4512 
4513 /*
4514 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
4515 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4516 **
4517 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4518 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4519 ** the function or aggregate.
4520 **
4521 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4522 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4523 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4524 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4525 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4526 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4527 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4528 **
4529 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4530 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4531 ** object results in undefined behavior.
4532 **
4533 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4534 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4535 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4536 **
4537 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4538 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4539 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4540 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4541 **
4542 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4543 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4544 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4545 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4546 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4547 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4548 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4549 **
4550 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4551 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4552 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4553 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4554 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4555 **
4556 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4557 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4558 */
4559 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4560 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4561 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4562 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4563 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4564 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4565 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4566 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4567 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4568 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4569 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4570 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4571 
4572 /*
4573 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
4574 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4575 **
4576 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
4577 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
4578 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
4579 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
4580 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
4581 **
4582 ** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
4583 ** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
4584 ** input of another.
4585 */
4586 SQLITE_API unsigned int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
4587 
4588 /*
4589 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
4590 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
4591 **
4592 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4593 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
4594 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
4595 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
4596 ** memory allocation fails.
4597 **
4598 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
4599 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
4600 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
4601 */
4602 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
4603 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
4604 
4605 /*
4606 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4607 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4608 **
4609 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4610 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4611 **
4612 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4613 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4614 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4615 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4616 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4617 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4618 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4619 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4620 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4621 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4622 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4623 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4624 **
4625 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4626 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4627 ** allocate error occurs.
4628 **
4629 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4630 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4631 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4632 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4633 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4634 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4635 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4636 **
4637 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4638 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4639 **
4640 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4641 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4642 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4643 ** function.
4644 **
4645 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4646 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4647 */
4648 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4649 
4650 /*
4651 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4652 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4653 **
4654 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4655 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4656 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4657 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4658 ** registered the application defined function.
4659 **
4660 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4661 ** the application-defined function is running.
4662 */
4663 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4664 
4665 /*
4666 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4667 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4668 **
4669 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4670 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4671 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4672 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4673 ** registered the application defined function.
4674 */
4675 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4676 
4677 /*
4678 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4679 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4680 **
4681 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4682 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4683 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4684 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4685 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4686 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4687 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4688 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4689 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4690 ** invocations of the same function.
4691 **
4692 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4693 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4694 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4695 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4696 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4697 **
4698 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4699 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4700 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4701 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4702 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4703 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4704 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4705 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4706 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4707 ** <li> ^(when the corresponding function parameter changes)^, or
4708 ** <li> ^(when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4709 **      SQL statement)^, or
4710 ** <li> ^(when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same
4711 **       parameter)^, or
4712 ** <li> ^(during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4713 **      allocation error occurs.)^ </ul>
4714 **
4715 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4716 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4717 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4718 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4719 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4720 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4721 **
4722 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4723 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4724 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4725 **
4726 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4727 ** the SQL function is running.
4728 */
4729 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4730 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4731 
4732 
4733 /*
4734 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4735 **
4736 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4737 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4738 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4739 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4740 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4741 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4742 ** the content before returning.
4743 **
4744 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4745 ** C++ compilers.
4746 */
4747 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4748 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4749 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4750 
4751 /*
4752 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4753 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4754 **
4755 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4756 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4757 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4758 ** for additional information.
4759 **
4760 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4761 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4762 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4763 **
4764 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4765 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4766 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4767 ** third parameter.
4768 **
4769 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
4770 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
4771 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
4772 **
4773 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4774 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4775 ** by its 2nd argument.
4776 **
4777 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4778 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4779 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4780 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4781 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4782 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4783 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4784 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4785 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4786 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
4787 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4788 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4789 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4790 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4791 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4792 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4793 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
4794 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4795 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4796 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4797 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4798 **
4799 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4800 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4801 **
4802 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4803 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4804 **
4805 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4806 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4807 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4808 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4809 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4810 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4811 **
4812 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4813 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4814 **
4815 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4816 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4817 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4818 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4819 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4820 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4821 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4822 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4823 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4824 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4825 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4826 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4827 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4828 ** through the first zero character.
4829 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4830 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4831 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4832 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4833 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4834 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4835 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4836 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4837 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4838 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4839 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4840 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4841 ** finished using that result.
4842 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4843 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4844 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4845 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4846 ** when it has finished using that result.
4847 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4848 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4849 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4850 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4851 **
4852 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4853 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
4854 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4855 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4856 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4857 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4858 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4859 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4860 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4861 **
4862 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4863 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4864 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4865 */
4866 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4867 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
4868                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4869 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4870 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4871 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4872 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4873 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4874 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4875 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4876 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4877 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4878 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4879 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4880                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4881 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4882 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4883 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4884 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4885 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4886 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
4887 
4888 
4889 /*
4890 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
4891 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
4892 **
4893 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
4894 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
4895 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
4896 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
4897 ** higher order bits are discarded.
4898 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
4899 ** in future releases of SQLite.
4900 */
4901 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
4902 
4903 /*
4904 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4905 ** METHOD: sqlite3
4906 **
4907 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4908 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4909 **
4910 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4911 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4912 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4913 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4914 ** considered to be the same name.
4915 **
4916 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4917 ** <ul>
4918 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4919 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4920 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4921 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4922 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4923 ** </ul>)^
4924 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4925 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4926 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4927 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4928 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4929 ** on an even byte address.
4930 **
4931 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4932 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4933 **
4934 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4935 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4936 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4937 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4938 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4939 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4940 ** that collation is no longer usable.
4941 **
4942 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4943 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4944 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4945 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4946 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4947 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4948 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4949 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4950 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4951 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4952 ** strings A, B, and C:
4953 **
4954 ** <ol>
4955 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4956 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4957 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4958 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4959 ** </ol>
4960 **
4961 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4962 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4963 ** is undefined.
4964 **
4965 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4966 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4967 ** the collating function is deleted.
4968 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4969 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4970 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4971 **
4972 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4973 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4974 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4975 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4976 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4977 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4978 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4979 ** compatibility.
4980 **
4981 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4982 */
4983 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation(
4984   sqlite3*,
4985   const char *zName,
4986   int eTextRep,
4987   void *pArg,
4988   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4989 );
4990 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4991   sqlite3*,
4992   const char *zName,
4993   int eTextRep,
4994   void *pArg,
4995   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4996   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4997 );
4998 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation16(
4999   sqlite3*,
5000   const void *zName,
5001   int eTextRep,
5002   void *pArg,
5003   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
5004 );
5005 
5006 /*
5007 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
5008 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5009 **
5010 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
5011 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
5012 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
5013 ** sequence is required.
5014 **
5015 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
5016 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
5017 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
5018 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
5019 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
5020 **
5021 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
5022 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
5023 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
5024 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
5025 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
5026 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
5027 ** required collation sequence.)^
5028 **
5029 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
5030 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
5031 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
5032 */
5033 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed(
5034   sqlite3*,
5035   void*,
5036   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
5037 );
5038 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed16(
5039   sqlite3*,
5040   void*,
5041   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
5042 );
5043 
5044 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
5045 /*
5046 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
5047 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
5048 **
5049 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5050 ** of SQLite.
5051 */
5052 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key(
5053   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5054   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5055 );
5056 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key_v2(
5057   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5058   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5059   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
5060 );
5061 
5062 /*
5063 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
5064 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
5065 ** database is decrypted.
5066 **
5067 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
5068 ** of SQLite.
5069 */
5070 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey(
5071   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5072   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5073 );
5074 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey_v2(
5075   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
5076   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
5077   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
5078 );
5079 
5080 /*
5081 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
5082 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
5083 */
5084 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_see(
5085   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5086 );
5087 #endif
5088 
5089 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
5090 /*
5091 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
5092 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
5093 */
5094 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_cerod(
5095   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
5096 );
5097 #endif
5098 
5099 /*
5100 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
5101 **
5102 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
5103 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
5104 **
5105 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
5106 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
5107 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
5108 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
5109 **
5110 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
5111 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
5112 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
5113 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
5114 ** in the previous paragraphs.
5115 */
5116 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sleep(int);
5117 
5118 /*
5119 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
5120 **
5121 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5122 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
5123 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
5124 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
5125 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
5126 ** temporary file directory.
5127 **
5128 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
5129 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
5130 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
5131 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
5132 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
5133 ** be avoided in new projects.
5134 **
5135 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5136 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5137 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5138 ** thread.
5139 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5140 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5141 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5142 ** thereafter.
5143 **
5144 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5145 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5146 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5147 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5148 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5149 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5150 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5151 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5152 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5153 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
5154 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
5155 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
5156 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
5157 ** objects have been destroyed.
5158 **
5159 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
5160 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
5161 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
5162 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
5163 **
5164 ** <blockquote><pre>
5165 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
5166 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
5167 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
5168 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
5169 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
5170 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
5171 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
5172 ** </pre></blockquote>
5173 */
5174 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
5175 
5176 /*
5177 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
5178 **
5179 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
5180 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
5181 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
5182 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
5183 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
5184 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
5185 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
5186 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
5187 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
5188 **
5189 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
5190 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
5191 **
5192 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
5193 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
5194 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
5195 ** thread.
5196 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
5197 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
5198 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
5199 ** thereafter.
5200 **
5201 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
5202 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
5203 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
5204 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
5205 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
5206 ** using [sqlite3_free].
5207 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
5208 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
5209 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
5210 */
5211 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
5212 
5213 /*
5214 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
5215 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
5216 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5217 **
5218 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
5219 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
5220 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
5221 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
5222 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
5223 **
5224 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
5225 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
5226 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
5227 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
5228 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
5229 ** an error is to use this function.
5230 **
5231 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
5232 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
5233 ** is undefined.
5234 */
5235 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
5236 
5237 /*
5238 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
5239 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
5240 **
5241 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
5242 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
5243 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
5244 ** that was the first argument
5245 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
5246 ** create the statement in the first place.
5247 */
5248 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
5249 
5250 /*
5251 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
5252 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5253 **
5254 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
5255 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
5256 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
5257 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
5258 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
5259 **
5260 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
5261 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
5262 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
5263 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
5264 */
5265 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5266 
5267 /*
5268 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
5269 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5270 **
5271 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
5272 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
5273 ** the name of a database on connection D.
5274 */
5275 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
5276 
5277 /*
5278 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
5279 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5280 **
5281 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
5282 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
5283 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
5284 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
5285 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
5286 **
5287 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
5288 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
5289 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
5290 */
5291 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
5292 
5293 /*
5294 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
5295 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5296 **
5297 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
5298 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
5299 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
5300 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5301 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
5302 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
5303 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
5304 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5305 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
5306 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
5307 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
5308 **
5309 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
5310 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
5311 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5312 ** the first call for each function on D.
5313 **
5314 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
5315 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
5316 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
5317 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5318 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
5319 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
5320 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
5321 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
5322 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5323 **
5324 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
5325 **
5326 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
5327 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
5328 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
5329 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
5330 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
5331 **
5332 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
5333 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
5334 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
5335 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
5336 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
5337 **
5338 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
5339 */
5340 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
5341 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
5342 
5343 /*
5344 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
5345 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5346 **
5347 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
5348 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
5349 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
5350 ** a [rowid table].
5351 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
5352 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
5353 **
5354 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
5355 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
5356 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
5357 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
5358 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
5359 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
5360 ** to be invoked.
5361 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
5362 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
5363 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
5364 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
5365 **
5366 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
5367 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
5368 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
5369 **
5370 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
5371 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
5372 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
5373 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
5374 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
5375 ** release of SQLite.
5376 **
5377 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
5378 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
5379 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
5380 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
5381 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
5382 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
5383 **
5384 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
5385 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
5386 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
5387 ** the first call on D.
5388 **
5389 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()], [sqlite3_rollback_hook()],
5390 ** and [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interfaces.
5391 */
5392 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_update_hook(
5393   sqlite3*,
5394   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5395   void*
5396 );
5397 
5398 /*
5399 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5400 **
5401 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5402 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5403 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5404 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5405 **
5406 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5407 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5408 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5409 **
5410 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5411 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5412 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5413 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5414 **
5415 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5416 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5417 **
5418 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5419 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5420 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5421 **
5422 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
5423 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
5424 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
5425 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
5426 **
5427 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5428 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5429 **
5430 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5431 */
5432 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5433 
5434 /*
5435 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5436 **
5437 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5438 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5439 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5440 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5441 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5442 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5443 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5444 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5445 **
5446 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5447 */
5448 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5449 
5450 /*
5451 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5452 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5453 **
5454 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5455 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5456 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5457 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5458 ** omitted.
5459 **
5460 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5461 */
5462 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5463 
5464 /*
5465 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5466 **
5467 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5468 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5469 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5470 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5471 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5472 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5473 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5474 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5475 ** is advisory only.
5476 **
5477 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5478 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5479 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5480 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5481 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5482 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5483 **
5484 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5485 **
5486 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5487 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5488 **
5489 ** <ul>
5490 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5491 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5492 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5493 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5494 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5495 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5496 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5497 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5498 **      from the heap.
5499 ** </ul>)^
5500 **
5501 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5502 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5503 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5504 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5505 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5506 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5507 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5508 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5509 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5510 **
5511 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5512 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5513 */
5514 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5515 
5516 /*
5517 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5518 ** DEPRECATED
5519 **
5520 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5521 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5522 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5523 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5524 */
5525 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5526 
5527 
5528 /*
5529 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5530 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5531 **
5532 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
5533 ** information about column C of table T in database D
5534 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
5535 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
5536 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
5537 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
5538 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
5539 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
5540 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
5541 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
5542 ** does not.
5543 **
5544 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5545 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
5546 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5547 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5548 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5549 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5550 **
5551 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5552 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
5553 **
5554 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5555 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5556 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5557 **
5558 ** ^(<blockquote>
5559 ** <table border="1">
5560 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5561 **
5562 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5563 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5564 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5565 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5566 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5567 ** </table>
5568 ** </blockquote>)^
5569 **
5570 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5571 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
5572 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5573 **
5574 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5575 **
5576 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
5577 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
5578 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5579 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5580 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
5581 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
5582 **
5583 ** <pre>
5584 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5585 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5586 **     not null: 0
5587 **     primary key: 1
5588 **     auto increment: 0
5589 ** </pre>)^
5590 **
5591 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
5592 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
5593 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
5594 */
5595 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5596   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5597   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5598   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5599   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5600   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5601   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5602   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5603   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5604   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5605 );
5606 
5607 /*
5608 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5609 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5610 **
5611 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5612 **
5613 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5614 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5615 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5616 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5617 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5618 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5619 ** be tried also.
5620 **
5621 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5622 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5623 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5624 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5625 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5626 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5627 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5628 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5629 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5630 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5631 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5632 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5633 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5634 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5635 **
5636 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5637 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] or
5638 ** [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],1,NULL)
5639 ** prior to calling this API,
5640 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5641 **
5642 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that the
5643 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method be used to enable only this
5644 ** interface.  The use of the [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] interface
5645 ** should be avoided.  This will keep the SQL function [load_extension()]
5646 ** disabled and prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5647 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
5648 **
5649 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5650 */
5651 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_load_extension(
5652   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5653   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5654   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5655   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5656 );
5657 
5658 /*
5659 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5660 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5661 **
5662 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5663 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5664 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5665 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5666 **
5667 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5668 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5669 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5670 ** it back off again.
5671 **
5672 ** ^This interface enables or disables both the C-API
5673 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] and the SQL function [load_extension()].
5674 ** ^(Use [sqlite3_db_config](db,[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION],..)
5675 ** to enable or disable only the C-API.)^
5676 **
5677 ** <b>Security warning:</b> It is recommended that extension loading
5678 ** be disabled using the [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION] method
5679 ** rather than this interface, so the [load_extension()] SQL function
5680 ** remains disabled. This will prevent SQL injections from giving attackers
5681 ** access to extension loading capabilities.
5682 */
5683 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5684 
5685 /*
5686 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5687 **
5688 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5689 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5690 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5691 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5692 **
5693 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5694 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5695 ** arguments and expects an integer result as if the signature of the
5696 ** entry point where as follows:
5697 **
5698 ** <blockquote><pre>
5699 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5700 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5701 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5702 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5703 ** &nbsp;  );
5704 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5705 **
5706 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5707 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5708 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5709 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5710 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5711 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5712 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5713 **
5714 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5715 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5716 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5717 **
5718 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5719 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5720 */
5721 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5722 
5723 /*
5724 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5725 **
5726 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5727 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5728 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5729 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5730 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5731 ** routines.
5732 */
5733 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void(*xEntryPoint)(void));
5734 
5735 /*
5736 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5737 **
5738 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5739 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5740 */
5741 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5742 
5743 /*
5744 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5745 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5746 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5747 **
5748 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5749 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5750 */
5751 
5752 /*
5753 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5754 */
5755 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5756 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5757 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5758 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5759 
5760 /*
5761 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5762 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5763 **
5764 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5765 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5766 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5767 **
5768 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5769 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5770 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5771 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5772 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5773 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5774 ** any database connection.
5775 */
5776 struct sqlite3_module {
5777   int iVersion;
5778   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5779                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5780                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5781   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5782                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5783                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5784   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5785   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5786   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5787   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5788   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5789   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5790                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5791   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5792   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5793   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5794   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5795   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5796   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5797   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5798   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5799   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5800   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5801                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5802                        void **ppArg);
5803   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5804   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5805   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5806   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5807   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5808   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5809 };
5810 
5811 /*
5812 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5813 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5814 **
5815 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5816 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
5817 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5818 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5819 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5820 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5821 **
5822 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5823 **
5824 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5825 **
5826 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5827 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5828 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5829 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5830 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5831 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5832 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5833 **
5834 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5835 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5836 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5837 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5838 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5839 **
5840 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5841 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5842 **
5843 ** The colUsed field indicates which columns of the virtual table may be
5844 ** required by the current scan. Virtual table columns are numbered from
5845 ** zero in the order in which they appear within the CREATE TABLE statement
5846 ** passed to sqlite3_declare_vtab(). For the first 63 columns (columns 0-62),
5847 ** the corresponding bit is set within the colUsed mask if the column may be
5848 ** required by SQLite. If the table has at least 64 columns and any column
5849 ** to the right of the first 63 is required, then bit 63 of colUsed is also
5850 ** set. In other words, column iCol may be required if the expression
5851 ** (colUsed & ((sqlite3_uint64)1 << (iCol>=63 ? 63 : iCol))) evaluates to
5852 ** non-zero.
5853 **
5854 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5855 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5856 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5857 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5858 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5859 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5860 **
5861 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5862 ** [xFilter] method.
5863 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5864 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5865 **
5866 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5867 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5868 ** sorting step is required.
5869 **
5870 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5871 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5872 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5873 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5874 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5875 **
5876 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5877 ** will be returned by the strategy.
5878 **
5879 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
5880 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
5881 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
5882 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
5883 **
5884 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
5885 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
5886 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
5887 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
5888 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
5889 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
5890 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
5891 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
5892 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
5893 **
5894 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5895 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5896 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5897 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5898 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5899 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5900 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
5901 ** was added for version 3.9.0. It may therefore only be used if
5902 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
5903 ** 3009000.
5904 */
5905 struct sqlite3_index_info {
5906   /* Inputs */
5907   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5908   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5909      int iColumn;              /* Column constrained.  -1 for ROWID */
5910      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5911      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5912      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5913   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5914   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5915   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5916      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5917      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5918   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5919   /* Outputs */
5920   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5921     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5922     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5923   } *aConstraintUsage;
5924   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5925   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5926   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5927   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5928   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5929   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5930   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5931   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.9.0 and later */
5932   int idxFlags;              /* Mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags */
5933   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.10.0 and later */
5934   sqlite3_uint64 colUsed;    /* Input: Mask of columns used by statement */
5935 };
5936 
5937 /*
5938 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Scan Flags
5939 */
5940 #define SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE      1     /* Scan visits at most 1 row */
5941 
5942 /*
5943 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5944 **
5945 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5946 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5947 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5948 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5949 */
5950 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
5951 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
5952 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
5953 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
5954 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
5955 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
5956 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
5957 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
5958 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
5959 
5960 /*
5961 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5962 ** METHOD: sqlite3
5963 **
5964 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5965 ** ^Module names must be registered before
5966 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5967 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5968 **
5969 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5970 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5971 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5972 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5973 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5974 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5975 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5976 **
5977 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5978 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5979 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5980 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5981 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5982 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5983 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5984 ** destructor.
5985 */
5986 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module(
5987   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5988   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5989   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5990   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5991 );
5992 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5993   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5994   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5995   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5996   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5997   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5998 );
5999 
6000 /*
6001 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
6002 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
6003 **
6004 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
6005 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
6006 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
6007 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
6008 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
6009 ** common to all module implementations.
6010 **
6011 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
6012 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
6013 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
6014 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
6015 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
6016 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
6017 */
6018 struct sqlite3_vtab {
6019   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
6020   int nRef;                       /* Number of open cursors */
6021   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
6022   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6023 };
6024 
6025 /*
6026 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
6027 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
6028 **
6029 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
6030 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
6031 ** [virtual table] and are used
6032 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
6033 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
6034 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
6035 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
6036 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
6037 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
6038 **
6039 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
6040 ** are common to all implementations.
6041 */
6042 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
6043   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
6044   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
6045 };
6046 
6047 /*
6048 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
6049 **
6050 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
6051 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
6052 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
6053 ** the virtual tables they implement.
6054 */
6055 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
6056 
6057 /*
6058 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
6059 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6060 **
6061 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
6062 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
6063 ** But global versions of those functions
6064 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
6065 **
6066 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
6067 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
6068 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
6069 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
6070 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
6071 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
6072 ** by a [virtual table].
6073 */
6074 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
6075 
6076 /*
6077 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
6078 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
6079 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
6080 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
6081 **
6082 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
6083 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
6084 */
6085 
6086 /*
6087 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
6088 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
6089 **
6090 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
6091 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
6092 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
6093 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6094 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
6095 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
6096 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
6097 */
6098 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
6099 
6100 /*
6101 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
6102 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6103 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6104 **
6105 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
6106 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
6107 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
6108 **
6109 ** <pre>
6110 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
6111 ** </pre>)^
6112 **
6113 ** ^(Parameter zDb is not the filename that contains the database, but
6114 ** rather the symbolic name of the database. For attached databases, this is
6115 ** the name that appears after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement.
6116 ** For the main database file, the database name is "main". For TEMP
6117 ** tables, the database name is "temp".)^
6118 **
6119 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
6120 ** and write access. ^If the flags parameter is zero, the BLOB is opened for
6121 ** read-only access.
6122 **
6123 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is stored
6124 ** in *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and, unless the error
6125 ** code is SQLITE_MISUSE, *ppBlob is set to NULL.)^ ^This means that, provided
6126 ** the API is not misused, it is always safe to call [sqlite3_blob_close()]
6127 ** on *ppBlob after this function it returns.
6128 **
6129 ** This function fails with SQLITE_ERROR if any of the following are true:
6130 ** <ul>
6131 **   <li> ^(Database zDb does not exist)^,
6132 **   <li> ^(Table zTable does not exist within database zDb)^,
6133 **   <li> ^(Table zTable is a WITHOUT ROWID table)^,
6134 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn does not exist)^,
6135 **   <li> ^(Row iRow is not present in the table)^,
6136 **   <li> ^(The specified column of row iRow contains a value that is not
6137 **         a TEXT or BLOB value)^,
6138 **   <li> ^(Column zColumn is part of an index, PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
6139 **         constraint and the blob is being opened for read/write access)^,
6140 **   <li> ^([foreign key constraints | Foreign key constraints] are enabled,
6141 **         column zColumn is part of a [child key] definition and the blob is
6142 **         being opened for read/write access)^.
6143 ** </ul>
6144 **
6145 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE, this function sets the
6146 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6147 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6148 **
6149 **
6150 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
6151 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
6152 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
6153 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
6154 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
6155 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
6156 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6157 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
6158 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
6159 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
6160 **
6161 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
6162 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
6163 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
6164 ** blob.
6165 **
6166 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
6167 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function may be used to create a
6168 ** zero-filled blob to read or write using the incremental-blob interface.
6169 **
6170 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
6171 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
6172 */
6173 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_open(
6174   sqlite3*,
6175   const char *zDb,
6176   const char *zTable,
6177   const char *zColumn,
6178   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
6179   int flags,
6180   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
6181 );
6182 
6183 /*
6184 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
6185 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6186 **
6187 ** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
6188 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
6189 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
6190 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
6191 ** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
6192 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
6193 **
6194 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
6195 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
6196 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
6197 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
6198 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
6199 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
6200 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
6201 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
6202 ** always returns zero.
6203 **
6204 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
6205 */
6206 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
6207 
6208 /*
6209 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
6210 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_blob
6211 **
6212 ** ^This function closes an open [BLOB handle]. ^(The BLOB handle is closed
6213 ** unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns an error code, the
6214 ** handle is still closed.)^
6215 **
6216 ** ^If the blob handle being closed was opened for read-write access, and if
6217 ** the database is in auto-commit mode and there are no other open read-write
6218 ** blob handles or active write statements, the current transaction is
6219 ** committed. ^If an error occurs while committing the transaction, an error
6220 ** code is returned and the transaction rolled back.
6221 **
6222 ** Calling this function with an argument that is not a NULL pointer or an
6223 ** open blob handle results in undefined behaviour. ^Calling this routine
6224 ** with a null pointer (such as would be returned by a failed call to
6225 ** [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op. ^Otherwise, if this function
6226 ** is passed a valid open blob handle, the values returned by the
6227 ** sqlite3_errcode() and sqlite3_errmsg() functions are set before returning.
6228 */
6229 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
6230 
6231 /*
6232 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
6233 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6234 **
6235 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
6236 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
6237 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
6238 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
6239 **
6240 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6241 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6242 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6243 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6244 */
6245 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
6246 
6247 /*
6248 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
6249 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6250 **
6251 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
6252 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
6253 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6254 **
6255 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6256 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
6257 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
6258 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
6259 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
6260 **
6261 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6262 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
6263 **
6264 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
6265 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6266 **
6267 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6268 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6269 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6270 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6271 **
6272 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
6273 */
6274 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
6275 
6276 /*
6277 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
6278 ** METHOD: sqlite3_blob
6279 **
6280 ** ^(This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
6281 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
6282 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
6283 **
6284 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
6285 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
6286 ** ^Unless SQLITE_MISUSE is returned, this function sets the
6287 ** [database connection] error code and message accessible via
6288 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related functions.
6289 **
6290 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
6291 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
6292 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
6293 **
6294 ** This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
6295 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
6296 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
6297 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written. The size of the
6298 ** BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset) can be determined
6299 ** using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface. ^If N or iOffset are less
6300 ** than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
6301 **
6302 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
6303 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
6304 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
6305 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
6306 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
6307 ** or by other independent statements.
6308 **
6309 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
6310 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
6311 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
6312 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
6313 **
6314 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
6315 */
6316 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
6317 
6318 /*
6319 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
6320 **
6321 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
6322 ** that SQLite uses to interact
6323 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
6324 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
6325 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
6326 ** The following interfaces are provided.
6327 **
6328 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
6329 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
6330 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
6331 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
6332 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
6333 **
6334 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
6335 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
6336 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
6337 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
6338 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
6339 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
6340 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
6341 ** then the behavior is undefined.
6342 **
6343 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
6344 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
6345 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
6346 */
6347 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
6348 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
6349 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
6350 
6351 /*
6352 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
6353 **
6354 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
6355 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
6356 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
6357 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
6358 **
6359 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
6360 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
6361 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  The following
6362 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
6363 **
6364 ** <ul>
6365 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
6366 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
6367 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
6368 ** </ul>
6369 **
6370 ** The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
6371 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
6372 ** a single-threaded application.  The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
6373 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
6374 ** and Windows.
6375 **
6376 ** If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
6377 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
6378 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
6379 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
6380 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
6381 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
6382 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().
6383 **
6384 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
6385 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6386 ** routine returns NULL if it is unable to allocate the requested
6387 ** mutex.  The argument to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() must one of these
6388 ** integer constants:
6389 **
6390 ** <ul>
6391 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6392 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6393 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
6394 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
6395 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
6396 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
6397 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
6398 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
6399 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
6400 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
6401 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3
6402 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1
6403 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2
6404 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3
6405 ** </ul>
6406 **
6407 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
6408 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
6409 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
6410 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
6411 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
6412 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
6413 ** not want to.  SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
6414 ** cases where it really needs one.  If a faster non-recursive mutex
6415 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
6416 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
6417 **
6418 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
6419 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
6420 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Nine static mutexes are
6421 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
6422 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
6423 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
6424 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
6425 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
6426 **
6427 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
6428 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
6429 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^For the static
6430 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
6431 ** the same type number.
6432 **
6433 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
6434 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  Attempting to deallocate a static
6435 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.
6436 **
6437 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
6438 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
6439 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
6440 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
6441 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
6442 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
6443 ** In such cases, the
6444 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
6445 ** can enter.)^  If the same thread tries to enter any mutex other
6446 ** than an SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE more than once, the behavior is undefined.
6447 **
6448 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
6449 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
6450 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY. The SQLite core only ever uses
6451 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable
6452 ** behavior.)^
6453 **
6454 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
6455 ** previously entered by the same thread.   The behavior
6456 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
6457 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.
6458 **
6459 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
6460 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
6461 ** behave as no-ops.
6462 **
6463 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
6464 */
6465 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
6466 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
6467 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
6468 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
6469 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
6470 
6471 /*
6472 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
6473 **
6474 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
6475 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
6476 **
6477 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
6478 ** sufficient, however the application has the option of substituting a custom
6479 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
6480 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the application
6481 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
6482 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
6483 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
6484 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
6485 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6486 **
6487 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6488 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6489 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6490 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6491 **
6492 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6493 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6494 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6495 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6496 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6497 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6498 **
6499 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6500 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6501 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6502 **
6503 ** <ul>
6504 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6505 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6506 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6507 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6508 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6509 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6510 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6511 ** </ul>)^
6512 **
6513 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6514 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6515 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6516 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6517 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6518 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6519 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6520 **
6521 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  It must be harmless to
6522 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6523 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6524 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6525 **
6526 ** xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6527 ** and its associates).  Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6528 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6529 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6530 **
6531 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6532 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6533 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6534 ** prior to returning.
6535 */
6536 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6537 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6538   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6539   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6540   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6541   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6542   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6543   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6544   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6545   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6546   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6547 };
6548 
6549 /*
6550 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6551 **
6552 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6553 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  The SQLite core
6554 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6555 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  The SQLite core only
6556 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6557 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  External mutex implementations
6558 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6559 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6560 **
6561 ** These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6562 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6563 **
6564 ** The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6565 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6566 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6567 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6568 **
6569 ** If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6570 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6571 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6572 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6573 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6574 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6575 ** the appropriate thing to do.  The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6576 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6577 */
6578 #ifndef NDEBUG
6579 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6580 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6581 #endif
6582 
6583 /*
6584 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6585 **
6586 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6587 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6588 **
6589 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6590 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6591 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6592 */
6593 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6594 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6595 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6596 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6597 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6598 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6599 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6600 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6601 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6602 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6603 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6604 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6605 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6606 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1     11  /* For use by built-in VFS */
6607 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS2     12  /* For use by extension VFS */
6608 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS3     13  /* For use by application VFS */
6609 
6610 /*
6611 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6612 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6613 **
6614 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6615 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6616 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6617 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6618 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6619 */
6620 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6621 
6622 /*
6623 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6624 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6625 **
6626 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6627 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6628 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6629 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6630 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6631 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6632 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6633 ** main database file.
6634 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6635 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6636 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6637 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6638 **
6639 ** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6640 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6641 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6642 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6643 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6644 **
6645 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6646 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6647 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6648 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6649 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6650 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6651 ** xFileControl method.
6652 **
6653 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6654 */
6655 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6656 
6657 /*
6658 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6659 **
6660 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6661 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6662 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6663 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6664 **
6665 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6666 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6667 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6668 **
6669 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6670 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6671 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6672 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6673 */
6674 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6675 
6676 /*
6677 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6678 **
6679 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6680 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6681 **
6682 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6683 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6684 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6685 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6686 */
6687 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6688 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6689 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6690 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6691 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6692 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6693 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6694 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6695 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6696 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6697 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6698 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6699 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6700 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6701 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6702 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6703 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6704 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6705 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6706 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6707 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6708 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
6709 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
6710 
6711 /*
6712 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6713 **
6714 ** ^These interfaces are used to retrieve runtime status information
6715 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6716 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6717 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6718 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6719 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6720 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6721 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6722 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6723 ** value.  For those parameters
6724 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6725 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6726 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6727 **
6728 ** ^The sqlite3_status() and sqlite3_status64() routines return
6729 ** SQLITE_OK on success and a non-zero [error code] on failure.
6730 **
6731 ** If either the current value or the highwater mark is too large to
6732 ** be represented by a 32-bit integer, then the values returned by
6733 ** sqlite3_status() are undefined.
6734 **
6735 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6736 */
6737 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6738 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_status64(
6739   int op,
6740   sqlite3_int64 *pCurrent,
6741   sqlite3_int64 *pHighwater,
6742   int resetFlag
6743 );
6744 
6745 
6746 /*
6747 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6748 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6749 **
6750 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6751 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6752 **
6753 ** <dl>
6754 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6755 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6756 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6757 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6758 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6759 ** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6760 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6761 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6762 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6763 **
6764 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6765 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6766 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6767 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6768 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6769 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6770 **
6771 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6772 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6773 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6774 **
6775 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6776 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6777 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6778 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6779 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6780 **
6781 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6782 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6783 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6784 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6785 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6786 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6787 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6788 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6789 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6790 **
6791 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6792 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6793 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6794 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6795 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6796 **
6797 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6798 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6799 ** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6800 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6801 ** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6802 ** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6803 ** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6804 **
6805 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6806 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6807 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6808 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6809 ** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6810 ** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6811 ** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6812 ** slots were available.
6813 ** </dd>)^
6814 **
6815 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6816 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6817 ** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6818 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6819 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6820 **
6821 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6822 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack.
6823 ** The *pCurrent value is undefined.  The *pHighwater value is only
6824 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6825 ** </dl>
6826 **
6827 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6828 */
6829 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6830 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6831 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6832 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6833 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6834 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6835 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6836 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6837 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6838 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6839 
6840 /*
6841 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6842 ** METHOD: sqlite3
6843 **
6844 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6845 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6846 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6847 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6848 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6849 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6850 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6851 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6852 **
6853 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6854 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6855 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6856 ** reset back down to the current value.
6857 **
6858 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6859 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6860 **
6861 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6862 */
6863 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6864 
6865 /*
6866 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6867 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6868 **
6869 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6870 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6871 **
6872 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6873 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6874 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6875 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6876 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6877 **
6878 ** <dl>
6879 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6880 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6881 ** checked out.</dd>)^
6882 **
6883 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6884 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6885 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6886 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6887 **
6888 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6889 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6890 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6891 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6892 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6893 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6894 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6895 **
6896 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6897 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6898 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6899 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6900 ** memory already being in use.
6901 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6902 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6903 **
6904 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6905 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6906 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6907 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6908 **
6909 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED]]
6910 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED</dt>
6911 ** <dd>This parameter is similar to DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED, except that if a
6912 ** pager cache is shared between two or more connections the bytes of heap
6913 ** memory used by that pager cache is divided evenly between the attached
6914 ** connections.)^  In other words, if none of the pager caches associated
6915 ** with the database connection are shared, this request returns the same
6916 ** value as DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. Or, if one or more or the pager caches are
6917 ** shared, the value returned by this call will be smaller than that returned
6918 ** by DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED. ^The highwater mark associated with
6919 ** SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED is always 0.
6920 **
6921 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6922 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6923 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6924 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6925 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6926 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6927 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6928 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6929 **
6930 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6931 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6932 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6933 ** the database connection.)^
6934 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6935 ** </dd>
6936 **
6937 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6938 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6939 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6940 ** is always 0.
6941 ** </dd>
6942 **
6943 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6944 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6945 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6946 ** is always 0.
6947 ** </dd>
6948 **
6949 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6950 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6951 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6952 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6953 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6954 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6955 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6956 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6957 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6958 ** </dd>
6959 **
6960 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6961 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6962 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6963 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6964 ** </dd>
6965 ** </dl>
6966 */
6967 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6968 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6969 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6970 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6971 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6972 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6973 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6974 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6975 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6976 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6977 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6978 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED_SHARED   11
6979 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 11   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6980 
6981 
6982 /*
6983 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6984 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
6985 **
6986 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6987 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6988 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6989 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6990 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6991 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6992 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6993 ** an index.
6994 **
6995 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6996 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6997 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6998 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6999 ** to be interrogated.)^
7000 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
7001 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
7002 ** interface call returns.
7003 **
7004 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
7005 */
7006 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
7007 
7008 /*
7009 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
7010 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
7011 **
7012 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
7013 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
7014 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
7015 **
7016 ** <dl>
7017 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
7018 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
7019 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
7020 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
7021 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
7022 **
7023 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
7024 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
7025 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7026 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
7027 **
7028 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
7029 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
7030 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
7031 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
7032 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
7033 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
7034 **
7035 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
7036 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
7037 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
7038 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
7039 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
7040 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
7041 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
7042 ** </dd>
7043 ** </dl>
7044 */
7045 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
7046 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
7047 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
7048 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
7049 
7050 /*
7051 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7052 **
7053 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
7054 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
7055 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
7056 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
7057 ** to the object.
7058 **
7059 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7060 */
7061 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
7062 
7063 /*
7064 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
7065 **
7066 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
7067 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
7068 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
7069 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
7070 **
7071 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
7072 */
7073 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
7074 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
7075   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
7076   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
7077 };
7078 
7079 /*
7080 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
7081 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
7082 **
7083 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
7084 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
7085 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
7086 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
7087 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
7088 ** By implementing a
7089 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
7090 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
7091 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
7092 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
7093 ** how long.
7094 **
7095 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
7096 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
7097 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
7098 **
7099 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
7100 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
7101 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
7102 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
7103 **
7104 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
7105 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
7106 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
7107 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
7108 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
7109 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
7110 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
7111 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
7112 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
7113 ** page cache.)^
7114 **
7115 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
7116 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
7117 ** It can be used to clean up
7118 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
7119 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
7120 **
7121 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
7122 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
7123 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
7124 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
7125 ** in multithreaded applications.
7126 **
7127 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
7128 ** call to xShutdown().
7129 **
7130 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
7131 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
7132 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
7133 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
7134 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
7135 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
7136 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
7137 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
7138 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
7139 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
7140 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
7141 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
7142 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
7143 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
7144 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
7145 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
7146 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
7147 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
7148 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
7149 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
7150 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
7151 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
7152 **
7153 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
7154 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
7155 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
7156 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
7157 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
7158 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
7159 ** value; it is advisory only.
7160 **
7161 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
7162 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
7163 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
7164 **
7165 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
7166 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
7167 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
7168 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
7169 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
7170 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
7171 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
7172 ** for each entry in the page cache.
7173 **
7174 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
7175 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
7176 ** to be "pinned".
7177 **
7178 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
7179 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
7180 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
7181 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
7182 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
7183 **
7184 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
7185 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
7186 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
7187 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
7188 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
7189 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
7190 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
7191 ** </table>
7192 **
7193 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
7194 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
7195 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
7196 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
7197 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
7198 **
7199 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
7200 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
7201 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
7202 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
7203 ** ^If the discard parameter is
7204 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
7205 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
7206 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
7207 **
7208 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
7209 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
7210 ** to xFetch().
7211 **
7212 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
7213 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
7214 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
7215 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
7216 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
7217 ** to be pinned.
7218 **
7219 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
7220 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
7221 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
7222 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
7223 ** they can be safely discarded.
7224 **
7225 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
7226 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
7227 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
7228 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
7229 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
7230 ** functions.
7231 **
7232 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
7233 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
7234 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
7235 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
7236 ** do their best.
7237 */
7238 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
7239 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
7240   int iVersion;
7241   void *pArg;
7242   int (*xInit)(void*);
7243   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7244   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
7245   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7246   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7247   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7248   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
7249   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
7250       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7251   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7252   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7253   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7254 };
7255 
7256 /*
7257 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
7258 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
7259 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
7260 */
7261 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
7262 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
7263   void *pArg;
7264   int (*xInit)(void*);
7265   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
7266   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
7267   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
7268   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7269   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
7270   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
7271   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
7272   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
7273   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
7274 };
7275 
7276 
7277 /*
7278 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
7279 **
7280 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
7281 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
7282 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
7283 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
7284 **
7285 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7286 */
7287 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
7288 
7289 /*
7290 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
7291 **
7292 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
7293 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
7294 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
7295 **
7296 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
7297 **
7298 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
7299 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
7300 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
7301 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
7302 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
7303 ** preventing other database connections from
7304 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
7305 **
7306 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
7307 **   <ol>
7308 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
7309 **         backup,
7310 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
7311 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
7312 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
7313 **         associated with the backup operation.
7314 **   </ol>)^
7315 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
7316 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
7317 **
7318 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
7319 **
7320 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
7321 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
7322 ** and the database name, respectively.
7323 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
7324 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
7325 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
7326 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
7327 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
7328 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
7329 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
7330 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
7331 ** an error.
7332 **
7333 ** ^A call to sqlite3_backup_init() will fail, returning NULL, if
7334 ** there is already a read or read-write transaction open on the
7335 ** destination database.
7336 **
7337 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
7338 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
7339 ** destination [database connection] D.
7340 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
7341 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
7342 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
7343 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
7344 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
7345 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
7346 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
7347 ** operation.
7348 **
7349 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
7350 **
7351 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
7352 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
7353 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
7354 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
7355 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
7356 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
7357 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
7358 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
7359 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
7360 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
7361 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
7362 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
7363 **
7364 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
7365 ** <ol>
7366 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
7367 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
7368 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
7369 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
7370 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
7371 ** </ol>)^
7372 **
7373 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
7374 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
7375 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
7376 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
7377 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
7378 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
7379 ** [database connection]
7380 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
7381 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
7382 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
7383 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
7384 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
7385 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
7386 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
7387 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
7388 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
7389 **
7390 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
7391 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
7392 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
7393 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
7394 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
7395 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
7396 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
7397 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
7398 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
7399 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
7400 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
7401 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
7402 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
7403 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
7404 ** updated at the same time.
7405 **
7406 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
7407 **
7408 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
7409 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
7410 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7411 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
7412 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
7413 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
7414 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
7415 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
7416 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
7417 **
7418 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
7419 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
7420 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
7421 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
7422 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
7423 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
7424 **
7425 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
7426 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
7427 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
7428 **
7429 ** [[sqlite3_backup_remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
7430 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
7431 **
7432 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_remaining() routine returns the number of pages still
7433 ** to be backed up at the conclusion of the most recent sqlite3_backup_step().
7434 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_pagecount() routine returns the total number of pages
7435 ** in the source database at the conclusion of the most recent
7436 ** sqlite3_backup_step().
7437 ** ^(The values returned by these functions are only updated by
7438 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). If the source database is modified in a way that
7439 ** changes the size of the source database or the number of pages remaining,
7440 ** those changes are not reflected in the output of sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7441 ** and sqlite3_backup_remaining() until after the next
7442 ** sqlite3_backup_step().)^
7443 **
7444 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
7445 **
7446 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
7447 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
7448 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
7449 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
7450 ** from within other threads.
7451 **
7452 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
7453 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
7454 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
7455 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
7456 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
7457 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
7458 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
7459 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
7460 **
7461 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
7462 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
7463 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
7464 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
7465 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
7466 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
7467 **
7468 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
7469 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
7470 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
7471 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
7472 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
7473 ** possible that they return invalid values.
7474 */
7475 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_init(
7476   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
7477   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
7478   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
7479   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
7480 );
7481 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
7482 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
7483 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
7484 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
7485 
7486 /*
7487 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
7488 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7489 **
7490 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
7491 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
7492 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
7493 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
7494 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
7495 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
7496 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
7497 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
7498 **
7499 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
7500 **
7501 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
7502 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
7503 **
7504 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
7505 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
7506 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
7507 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
7508 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
7509 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
7510 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
7511 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
7512 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
7513 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
7514 **
7515 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7516 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7517 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7518 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7519 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7520 **
7521 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7522 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7523 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7524 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7525 **
7526 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7527 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7528 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7529 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7530 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7531 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7532 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7533 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7534 **
7535 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7536 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7537 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7538 **
7539 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7540 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7541 **
7542 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7543 **
7544 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7545 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7546 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7547 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7548 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7549 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7550 **
7551 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7552 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7553 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7554 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7555 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7556 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7557 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7558 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7559 **
7560 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7561 **
7562 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7563 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7564 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7565 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7566 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7567 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7568 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7569 **
7570 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7571 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7572 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7573 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7574 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7575 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7576 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7577 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7578 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7579 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7580 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7581 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7582 **
7583 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7584 **
7585 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7586 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7587 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7588 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7589 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7590 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7591 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7592 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7593 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7594 **
7595 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7596 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7597 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7598 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7599 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7600 */
7601 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7602   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7603   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7604   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7605 );
7606 
7607 
7608 /*
7609 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7610 **
7611 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7612 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7613 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7614 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7615 */
7616 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7617 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7618 
7619 /*
7620 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7621 *
7622 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if and only if
7623 ** string X matches the [GLOB] pattern P.
7624 ** ^The definition of [GLOB] pattern matching used in
7625 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7626 ** SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] function
7627 ** is case sensitive.
7628 **
7629 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7630 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7631 **
7632 ** See also: [sqlite3_strlike()].
7633 */
7634 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7635 
7636 /*
7637 ** CAPI3REF: String LIKE Matching
7638 *
7639 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] interface returns zero if and only if
7640 ** string X matches the [LIKE] pattern P with escape character E.
7641 ** ^The definition of [LIKE] pattern matching used in
7642 ** [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] is the same as for the "X LIKE P ESCAPE E"
7643 ** operator in the SQL dialect understood by SQLite.  ^For "X LIKE P" without
7644 ** the ESCAPE clause, set the E parameter of [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] to 0.
7645 ** ^As with the LIKE operator, the [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function is case
7646 ** insensitive - equivalent upper and lower case ASCII characters match
7647 ** one another.
7648 **
7649 ** ^The [sqlite3_strlike(P,X,E)] function matches Unicode characters, though
7650 ** only ASCII characters are case folded.
7651 **
7652 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7653 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7654 **
7655 ** See also: [sqlite3_strglob()].
7656 */
7657 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_strlike(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr, unsigned int cEsc);
7658 
7659 /*
7660 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7661 **
7662 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7663 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7664 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7665 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7666 **
7667 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7668 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7669 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7670 ** is considered bad form.
7671 **
7672 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7673 **
7674 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7675 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7676 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7677 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7678 ** buffer.
7679 */
7680 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7681 
7682 /*
7683 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7684 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7685 **
7686 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7687 ** is invoked each time data is committed to a database in wal mode.
7688 **
7689 ** ^(The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7690 ** the associated write-lock on the database released)^, so the implementation
7691 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7692 **
7693 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7694 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7695 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7696 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7697 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7698 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7699 ** including those that were just committed.
7700 **
7701 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7702 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7703 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7704 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7705 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7706 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7707 ** are undefined.
7708 **
7709 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7710 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7711 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7712 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7713 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7714 ** overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7715 */
7716 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_hook(
7717   sqlite3*,
7718   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7719   void*
7720 );
7721 
7722 /*
7723 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7724 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7725 **
7726 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7727 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7728 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
7729 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7730 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7731 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7732 ** checkpoints entirely.
7733 **
7734 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7735 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7736 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7737 ** configured by this function.
7738 **
7739 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7740 ** from SQL.
7741 **
7742 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7743 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7744 **
7745 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7746 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7747 ** pages.  The use of this interface
7748 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7749 ** for a particular application.
7750 */
7751 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7752 
7753 /*
7754 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7755 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7756 **
7757 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) is equivalent to
7758 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2](D,X,[SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE],0,0).)^
7759 **
7760 ** In brief, sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X) causes the content in the
7761 ** [write-ahead log] for database X on [database connection] D to be
7762 ** transferred into the database file and for the write-ahead log to
7763 ** be reset.  See the [checkpointing] documentation for addition
7764 ** information.
7765 **
7766 ** This interface used to be the only way to cause a checkpoint to
7767 ** occur.  But then the newer and more powerful [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7768 ** interface was added.  This interface is retained for backwards
7769 ** compatibility and as a convenience for applications that need to manually
7770 ** start a callback but which do not need the full power (and corresponding
7771 ** complication) of [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].
7772 */
7773 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7774 
7775 /*
7776 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7777 ** METHOD: sqlite3
7778 **
7779 ** ^(The sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(D,X,M,L,C) interface runs a checkpoint
7780 ** operation on database X of [database connection] D in mode M.  Status
7781 ** information is written back into integers pointed to by L and C.)^
7782 ** ^(The M parameter must be a valid [checkpoint mode]:)^
7783 **
7784 ** <dl>
7785 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7786 **   ^Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7787 **   readers or writers to finish, then sync the database file if all frames
7788 **   in the log were checkpointed. ^The [busy-handler callback]
7789 **   is never invoked in the SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE mode.
7790 **   ^On the other hand, passive mode might leave the checkpoint unfinished
7791 **   if there are concurrent readers or writers.
7792 **
7793 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7794 **   ^This mode blocks (it invokes the
7795 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7796 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7797 **   snapshot. ^It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7798 **   database file. ^This mode blocks new database writers while it is pending,
7799 **   but new database readers are allowed to continue unimpeded.
7800 **
7801 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7802 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL with the addition
7803 **   that after checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7804 **   [busy-handler callback])
7805 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. ^This ensures
7806 **   that the next writer will restart the log file from the beginning.
7807 **   ^Like SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, this mode blocks new
7808 **   database writer attempts while it is pending, but does not impede readers.
7809 **
7810 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE<dd>
7811 **   ^This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART with the
7812 **   addition that it also truncates the log file to zero bytes just prior
7813 **   to a successful return.
7814 ** </dl>
7815 **
7816 ** ^If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7817 ** the log file or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run because
7818 ** of an error or because the database is not in [WAL mode]. ^If pnCkpt is not
7819 ** NULL,then *pnCkpt is set to the total number of checkpointed frames in the
7820 ** log file (including any that were already checkpointed before the function
7821 ** was called) or to -1 if the checkpoint could not run due to an error or
7822 ** because the database is not in WAL mode. ^Note that upon successful
7823 ** completion of an SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE, the log file will have been
7824 ** truncated to zero bytes and so both *pnLog and *pnCkpt will be set to zero.
7825 **
7826 ** ^All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. ^If
7827 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7828 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. ^Even if there is a
7829 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7830 **
7831 ** ^The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, RESTART and TRUNCATE modes also obtain the
7832 ** exclusive "writer" lock on the database file. ^If the writer lock cannot be
7833 ** obtained immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and
7834 ** the writer lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock
7835 ** is successfully obtained. ^The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7836 ** database readers as described above. ^If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7837 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7838 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7839 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7840 ** without blocking any further. ^SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7841 **
7842 ** ^If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7843 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases [attached] to
7844 ** [database connection] db.  In this case the
7845 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. ^If
7846 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7847 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7848 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned at the end. ^If any other
7849 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7850 ** and the error code is returned to the caller immediately. ^If no error
7851 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7852 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7853 **
7854 ** ^If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7855 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. ^If
7856 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7857 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7858 **
7859 ** ^Unless it returns SQLITE_MISUSE,
7860 ** the sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() interface
7861 ** sets the error information that is queried by
7862 ** [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()].
7863 **
7864 ** ^The [PRAGMA wal_checkpoint] command can be used to invoke this interface
7865 ** from SQL.
7866 */
7867 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7868   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7869   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7870   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7871   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7872   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7873 );
7874 
7875 /*
7876 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint Mode Values
7877 ** KEYWORDS: {checkpoint mode}
7878 **
7879 ** These constants define all valid values for the "checkpoint mode" passed
7880 ** as the third parameter to the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface.
7881 ** See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] documentation for details on the
7882 ** meaning of each of these checkpoint modes.
7883 */
7884 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE  0  /* Do as much as possible w/o blocking */
7885 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL     1  /* Wait for writers, then checkpoint */
7886 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART  2  /* Like FULL but wait for for readers */
7887 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_TRUNCATE 3  /* Like RESTART but also truncate WAL */
7888 
7889 /*
7890 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7891 **
7892 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7893 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7894 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7895 **
7896 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7897 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7898 **
7899 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7900 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7901 ** may be added in the future.
7902 */
7903 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7904 
7905 /*
7906 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7907 **
7908 ** These macros define the various options to the
7909 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7910 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7911 **
7912 ** <dl>
7913 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7914 ** <dd>Calls of the form
7915 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7916 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7917 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7918 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7919 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7920 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7921 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7922 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7923 **
7924 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7925 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7926 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7927 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7928 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7929 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7930 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7931 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7932 ** had been ABORT.
7933 **
7934 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7935 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7936 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7937 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7938 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7939 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7940 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7941 ** constraint handling.
7942 ** </dl>
7943 */
7944 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7945 
7946 /*
7947 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7948 **
7949 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7950 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7951 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7952 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7953 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7954 ** [virtual table].
7955 */
7956 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7957 
7958 /*
7959 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7960 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7961 **
7962 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7963 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7964 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7965 **
7966 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7967 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7968 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7969 */
7970 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7971 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7972 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7973 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7974 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7975 
7976 /*
7977 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status Opcodes
7978 ** KEYWORDS: {scanstatus options}
7979 **
7980 ** The following constants can be used for the T parameter to the
7981 ** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
7982 ** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
7983 **
7984 ** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
7985 ** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
7986 ** S is finalized.
7987 **
7988 ** <dl>
7989 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
7990 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be
7991 ** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
7992 **
7993 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
7994 ** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
7995 ** to the total number of rows examined by all iterations of the X-th loop.</dd>
7996 **
7997 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST</dt>
7998 ** <dd>^The "double" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
7999 ** query planner's estimate for the average number of rows output from each
8000 ** iteration of the X-th loop.  If the query planner's estimates was accurate,
8001 ** then this value will approximate the quotient NVISIT/NLOOP and the
8002 ** product of this value for all prior loops with the same SELECTID will
8003 ** be the NLOOP value for the current loop.
8004 **
8005 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME</dt>
8006 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8007 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the index or table
8008 ** used for the X-th loop.
8009 **
8010 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
8011 ** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set
8012 ** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
8013 ** description for the X-th loop.
8014 **
8015 ** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECT</dt>
8016 ** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the T parameter will be set to the
8017 ** "select-id" for the X-th loop.  The select-id identifies which query or
8018 ** subquery the loop is part of.  The main query has a select-id of zero.
8019 ** The select-id is the same value as is output in the first column
8020 ** of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
8021 ** </dl>
8022 */
8023 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
8024 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
8025 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
8026 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
8027 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
8028 #define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
8029 
8030 /*
8031 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
8032 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8033 **
8034 ** This interface returns information about the predicted and measured
8035 ** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
8036 ** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
8037 ** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
8038 **
8039 ** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
8040 ** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
8041 ** compile-time option.
8042 **
8043 ** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
8044 ** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
8045 ** of this interface is undefined.
8046 ** ^The requested measurement is written into a variable pointed to by
8047 ** the "pOut" parameter.
8048 ** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific loop to retrieve statistics for.
8049 ** Loops are numbered starting from zero. ^If idx is out of range - less than
8050 ** zero or greater than or equal to the total number of loops used to implement
8051 ** the statement - a non-zero value is returned and the variable that pOut
8052 ** points to is unchanged.
8053 **
8054 ** ^Statistics might not be available for all loops in all statements. ^In cases
8055 ** where there exist loops with no available statistics, this function behaves
8056 ** as if the loop did not exist - it returns non-zero and leave the variable
8057 ** that pOut points to unchanged.
8058 **
8059 ** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
8060 */
8061 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
8062   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
8063   int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
8064   int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
8065   void *pOut                /* Result written here */
8066 );
8067 
8068 /*
8069 ** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
8070 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
8071 **
8072 ** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
8073 **
8074 ** This API is only available if the library is built with pre-processor
8075 ** symbol [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS] defined.
8076 */
8077 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt*);
8078 
8079 /*
8080 ** CAPI3REF: Flush caches to disk mid-transaction
8081 **
8082 ** ^If a write-transaction is open on [database connection] D when the
8083 ** [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)] interface invoked, any dirty
8084 ** pages in the pager-cache that are not currently in use are written out
8085 ** to disk. A dirty page may be in use if a database cursor created by an
8086 ** active SQL statement is reading from it, or if it is page 1 of a database
8087 ** file (page 1 is always "in use").  ^The [sqlite3_db_cacheflush(D)]
8088 ** interface flushes caches for all schemas - "main", "temp", and
8089 ** any [attached] databases.
8090 **
8091 ** ^If this function needs to obtain extra database locks before dirty pages
8092 ** can be flushed to disk, it does so. ^If those locks cannot be obtained
8093 ** immediately and there is a busy-handler callback configured, it is invoked
8094 ** in the usual manner. ^If the required lock still cannot be obtained, then
8095 ** the database is skipped and an attempt made to flush any dirty pages
8096 ** belonging to the next (if any) database. ^If any databases are skipped
8097 ** because locks cannot be obtained, but no other error occurs, this
8098 ** function returns SQLITE_BUSY.
8099 **
8100 ** ^If any other error occurs while flushing dirty pages to disk (for
8101 ** example an IO error or out-of-memory condition), then processing is
8102 ** abandoned and an SQLite [error code] is returned to the caller immediately.
8103 **
8104 ** ^Otherwise, if no error occurs, [sqlite3_db_cacheflush()] returns SQLITE_OK.
8105 **
8106 ** ^This function does not set the database handle error code or message
8107 ** returned by the [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] functions.
8108 */
8109 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_cacheflush(sqlite3*);
8110 
8111 /*
8112 ** CAPI3REF: The pre-update hook.
8113 **
8114 ** ^These interfaces are only available if SQLite is compiled using the
8115 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK] compile-time option.
8116 **
8117 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] interface registers a callback function
8118 ** that is invoked prior to each [INSERT], [UPDATE], and [DELETE] operation
8119 ** on a [rowid table].
8120 ** ^At most one preupdate hook may be registered at a time on a single
8121 ** [database connection]; each call to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] overrides
8122 ** the previous setting.
8123 ** ^The preupdate hook is disabled by invoking [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()]
8124 ** with a NULL pointer as the second parameter.
8125 ** ^The third parameter to [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] is passed through as
8126 ** the first parameter to callbacks.
8127 **
8128 ** ^The preupdate hook only fires for changes to [rowid tables]; the preupdate
8129 ** hook is not invoked for changes to [virtual tables] or [WITHOUT ROWID]
8130 ** tables.
8131 **
8132 ** ^The second parameter to the preupdate callback is a pointer to
8133 ** the [database connection] that registered the preupdate hook.
8134 ** ^The third parameter to the preupdate callback is one of the constants
8135 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE], or [SQLITE_UPDATE] to identify the
8136 ** kind of update operation that is about to occur.
8137 ** ^(The fourth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8138 ** database within the database connection that is being modified.  This
8139 ** will be "main" for the main database or "temp" for TEMP tables or
8140 ** the name given after the AS keyword in the [ATTACH] statement for attached
8141 ** databases.)^
8142 ** ^The fifth parameter to the preupdate callback is the name of the
8143 ** table that is being modified.
8144 ** ^The sixth parameter to the preupdate callback is the initial [rowid] of the
8145 ** row being changes for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE changes and is
8146 ** undefined for SQLITE_INSERT changes.
8147 ** ^The seventh parameter to the preupdate callback is the final [rowid] of
8148 ** the row being changed for SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_INSERT changes and is
8149 ** undefined for SQLITE_DELETE changes.
8150 **
8151 ** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
8152 ** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
8153 ** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
8154 ** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
8155 ** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
8156 ** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied
8157 ** to the preupdate callback results in undefined and probably undesirable
8158 ** behavior.
8159 **
8160 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_count(D)] interface returns the number of columns
8161 ** in the row that is being inserted, updated, or deleted.
8162 **
8163 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_old(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8164 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8165 ** the table row before it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8166 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8167 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_UPDATE and SQLITE_DELETE
8168 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_INSERT callback then the
8169 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8170 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8171 **
8172 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_new(D,N,P)] interface writes into P a pointer to
8173 ** a [protected sqlite3_value] that contains the value of the Nth column of
8174 ** the table row after it is updated.  The N parameter must be between 0
8175 ** and one less than the number of columns or the behavior will be
8176 ** undefined. This must only be used within SQLITE_INSERT and SQLITE_UPDATE
8177 ** preupdate callbacks; if it is used by an SQLITE_DELETE callback then the
8178 ** behavior is undefined.  The [sqlite3_value] that P points to
8179 ** will be destroyed when the preupdate callback returns.
8180 **
8181 ** ^The [sqlite3_preupdate_depth(D)] interface returns 0 if the preupdate
8182 ** callback was invoked as a result of a direct insert, update, or delete
8183 ** operation; or 1 for inserts, updates, or deletes invoked by top-level
8184 ** triggers; or 2 for changes resulting from triggers called by top-level
8185 ** triggers; and so forth.
8186 **
8187 ** See also:  [sqlite3_update_hook()]
8188 */
8189 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_preupdate_hook(
8190   sqlite3 *db,
8191   void(*xPreUpdate)(
8192     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to preupdate_hook() */
8193     sqlite3 *db,                  /* Database handle */
8194     int op,                       /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
8195     char const *zDb,              /* Database name */
8196     char const *zName,            /* Table name */
8197     sqlite3_int64 iKey1,          /* Rowid of row about to be deleted/updated */
8198     sqlite3_int64 iKey2           /* New rowid value (for a rowid UPDATE) */
8199   ),
8200   void*
8201 );
8202 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_preupdate_old(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8203 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *);
8204 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_preupdate_depth(sqlite3 *);
8205 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_preupdate_new(sqlite3 *, int, sqlite3_value **);
8206 
8207 /*
8208 ** CAPI3REF: Low-level system error code
8209 **
8210 ** ^Attempt to return the underlying operating system error code or error
8211 ** number that caused the most recent I/O error or failure to open a file.
8212 ** The return value is OS-dependent.  For example, on unix systems, after
8213 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] returns [SQLITE_CANTOPEN], this interface could be
8214 ** called to get back the underlying "errno" that caused the problem, such
8215 ** as ENOSPC, EAUTH, EISDIR, and so forth.
8216 */
8217 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_system_errno(sqlite3*);
8218 
8219 /*
8220 ** CAPI3REF: Database Snapshot
8221 ** KEYWORDS: {snapshot}
8222 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8223 **
8224 ** An instance of the snapshot object records the state of a [WAL mode]
8225 ** database for some specific point in history.
8226 **
8227 ** In [WAL mode], multiple [database connections] that are open on the
8228 ** same database file can each be reading a different historical version
8229 ** of the database file.  When a [database connection] begins a read
8230 ** transaction, that connection sees an unchanging copy of the database
8231 ** as it existed for the point in time when the transaction first started.
8232 ** Subsequent changes to the database from other connections are not seen
8233 ** by the reader until a new read transaction is started.
8234 **
8235 ** The sqlite3_snapshot object records state information about an historical
8236 ** version of the database file so that it is possible to later open a new read
8237 ** transaction that sees that historical version of the database rather than
8238 ** the most recent version.
8239 **
8240 ** The constructor for this object is [sqlite3_snapshot_get()].  The
8241 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] method causes a fresh read transaction to refer
8242 ** to an historical snapshot (if possible).  The destructor for
8243 ** sqlite3_snapshot objects is [sqlite3_snapshot_free()].
8244 */
8245 typedef struct sqlite3_snapshot sqlite3_snapshot;
8246 
8247 /*
8248 ** CAPI3REF: Record A Database Snapshot
8249 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8250 **
8251 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface attempts to make a
8252 ** new [sqlite3_snapshot] object that records the current state of
8253 ** schema S in database connection D.  ^On success, the
8254 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)] interface writes a pointer to the newly
8255 ** created [sqlite3_snapshot] object into *P and returns SQLITE_OK.
8256 ** ^If schema S of [database connection] D is not a [WAL mode] database
8257 ** that is in a read transaction, then [sqlite3_snapshot_get(D,S,P)]
8258 ** leaves the *P value unchanged and returns an appropriate [error code].
8259 **
8260 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot] object returned from a successful call to
8261 ** [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] must be freed using [sqlite3_snapshot_free()]
8262 ** to avoid a memory leak.
8263 **
8264 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_get()] interface is only available when the
8265 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8266 */
8267 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_get(
8268   sqlite3 *db,
8269   const char *zSchema,
8270   sqlite3_snapshot **ppSnapshot
8271 );
8272 
8273 /*
8274 ** CAPI3REF: Start a read transaction on an historical snapshot
8275 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8276 **
8277 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] interface starts a
8278 ** read transaction for schema S of
8279 ** [database connection] D such that the read transaction
8280 ** refers to historical [snapshot] P, rather than the most
8281 ** recent change to the database.
8282 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface returns SQLITE_OK on success
8283 ** or an appropriate [error code] if it fails.
8284 **
8285 ** ^In order to succeed, a call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] must be
8286 ** the first operation following the [BEGIN] that takes the schema S
8287 ** out of [autocommit mode].
8288 ** ^In other words, schema S must not currently be in
8289 ** a transaction for [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] to work, but the
8290 ** database connection D must be out of [autocommit mode].
8291 ** ^A [snapshot] will fail to open if it has been overwritten by a
8292 ** [checkpoint].
8293 ** ^(A call to [sqlite3_snapshot_open(D,S,P)] will fail if the
8294 ** database connection D does not know that the database file for
8295 ** schema S is in [WAL mode].  A database connection might not know
8296 ** that the database file is in [WAL mode] if there has been no prior
8297 ** I/O on that database connection, or if the database entered [WAL mode]
8298 ** after the most recent I/O on the database connection.)^
8299 ** (Hint: Run "[PRAGMA application_id]" against a newly opened
8300 ** database connection in order to make it ready to use snapshots.)
8301 **
8302 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_open()] interface is only available when the
8303 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8304 */
8305 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_open(
8306   sqlite3 *db,
8307   const char *zSchema,
8308   sqlite3_snapshot *pSnapshot
8309 );
8310 
8311 /*
8312 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy a snapshot
8313 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8314 **
8315 ** ^The [sqlite3_snapshot_free(P)] interface destroys [sqlite3_snapshot] P.
8316 ** The application must eventually free every [sqlite3_snapshot] object
8317 ** using this routine to avoid a memory leak.
8318 **
8319 ** The [sqlite3_snapshot_free()] interface is only available when the
8320 ** SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT compile-time option is used.
8321 */
8322 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_free(sqlite3_snapshot*);
8323 
8324 /*
8325 ** CAPI3REF: Compare the ages of two snapshot handles.
8326 ** EXPERIMENTAL
8327 **
8328 ** The sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(P1, P2) interface is used to compare the ages
8329 ** of two valid snapshot handles.
8330 **
8331 ** If the two snapshot handles are not associated with the same database
8332 ** file, the result of the comparison is undefined.
8333 **
8334 ** Additionally, the result of the comparison is only valid if both of the
8335 ** snapshot handles were obtained by calling sqlite3_snapshot_get() since the
8336 ** last time the wal file was deleted. The wal file is deleted when the
8337 ** database is changed back to rollback mode or when the number of database
8338 ** clients drops to zero. If either snapshot handle was obtained before the
8339 ** wal file was last deleted, the value returned by this function
8340 ** is undefined.
8341 **
8342 ** Otherwise, this API returns a negative value if P1 refers to an older
8343 ** snapshot than P2, zero if the two handles refer to the same database
8344 ** snapshot, and a positive value if P1 is a newer snapshot than P2.
8345 */
8346 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_snapshot_cmp(
8347   sqlite3_snapshot *p1,
8348   sqlite3_snapshot *p2
8349 );
8350 
8351 /*
8352 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
8353 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
8354 */
8355 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
8356 # undef double
8357 #endif
8358 
8359 #ifdef __cplusplus
8360 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
8361 #endif
8362 #endif /* SQLITE3_H */
8363 
8364 /******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/
8365 /*
8366 ** 2010 August 30
8367 **
8368 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
8369 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
8370 **
8371 **    May you do good and not evil.
8372 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
8373 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
8374 **
8375 *************************************************************************
8376 */
8377 
8378 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8379 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
8380 
8381 
8382 #ifdef __cplusplus
8383 extern "C" {
8384 #endif
8385 
8386 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
8387 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
8388 
8389 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
8390 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
8391 */
8392 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
8393   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8394 #else
8395   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
8396 #endif
8397 
8398 /*
8399 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
8400 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8401 **
8402 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
8403 */
8404 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
8405   sqlite3 *db,
8406   const char *zGeom,
8407   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
8408   void *pContext
8409 );
8410 
8411 
8412 /*
8413 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
8414 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
8415 */
8416 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
8417   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
8418   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
8419   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
8420   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
8421   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
8422 };
8423 
8424 /*
8425 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
8426 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
8427 **
8428 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
8429 */
8430 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
8431   sqlite3 *db,
8432   const char *zQueryFunc,
8433   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
8434   void *pContext,
8435   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
8436 );
8437 
8438 
8439 /*
8440 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
8441 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
8442 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
8443 **
8444 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
8445 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
8446 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
8447 */
8448 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
8449   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
8450   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
8451   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
8452   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
8453   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
8454   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
8455   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
8456   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
8457   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
8458   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
8459   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
8460   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
8461   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
8462   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
8463   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
8464   /* The following fields are only available in 3.8.11 and later */
8465   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam;       /* Original SQL values of parameters */
8466 };
8467 
8468 /*
8469 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
8470 */
8471 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
8472 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
8473 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
8474 
8475 
8476 #ifdef __cplusplus
8477 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
8478 #endif
8479 
8480 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
8481 
8482 /******** End of sqlite3rtree.h *********/
8483 /******** Begin file sqlite3session.h *********/
8484 
8485 #if !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
8486 #define __SQLITESESSION_H_ 1
8487 
8488 /*
8489 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
8490 */
8491 #ifdef __cplusplus
8492 extern "C" {
8493 #endif
8494 
8495 
8496 /*
8497 ** CAPI3REF: Session Object Handle
8498 */
8499 typedef struct sqlite3_session sqlite3_session;
8500 
8501 /*
8502 ** CAPI3REF: Changeset Iterator Handle
8503 */
8504 typedef struct sqlite3_changeset_iter sqlite3_changeset_iter;
8505 
8506 /*
8507 ** CAPI3REF: Create A New Session Object
8508 **
8509 ** Create a new session object attached to database handle db. If successful,
8510 ** a pointer to the new object is written to *ppSession and SQLITE_OK is
8511 ** returned. If an error occurs, *ppSession is set to NULL and an SQLite
8512 ** error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
8513 **
8514 ** It is possible to create multiple session objects attached to a single
8515 ** database handle.
8516 **
8517 ** Session objects created using this function should be deleted using the
8518 ** [sqlite3session_delete()] function before the database handle that they
8519 ** are attached to is itself closed. If the database handle is closed before
8520 ** the session object is deleted, then the results of calling any session
8521 ** module function, including [sqlite3session_delete()] on the session object
8522 ** are undefined.
8523 **
8524 ** Because the session module uses the [sqlite3_preupdate_hook()] API, it
8525 ** is not possible for an application to register a pre-update hook on a
8526 ** database handle that has one or more session objects attached. Nor is
8527 ** it possible to create a session object attached to a database handle for
8528 ** which a pre-update hook is already defined. The results of attempting
8529 ** either of these things are undefined.
8530 **
8531 ** The session object will be used to create changesets for tables in
8532 ** database zDb, where zDb is either "main", or "temp", or the name of an
8533 ** attached database. It is not an error if database zDb is not attached
8534 ** to the database when the session object is created.
8535 */
8536 int sqlite3session_create(
8537   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
8538   const char *zDb,                /* Name of db (e.g. "main") */
8539   sqlite3_session **ppSession     /* OUT: New session object */
8540 );
8541 
8542 /*
8543 ** CAPI3REF: Delete A Session Object
8544 **
8545 ** Delete a session object previously allocated using
8546 ** [sqlite3session_create()]. Once a session object has been deleted, the
8547 ** results of attempting to use pSession with any other session module
8548 ** function are undefined.
8549 **
8550 ** Session objects must be deleted before the database handle to which they
8551 ** are attached is closed. Refer to the documentation for
8552 ** [sqlite3session_create()] for details.
8553 */
8554 void sqlite3session_delete(sqlite3_session *pSession);
8555 
8556 
8557 /*
8558 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable A Session Object
8559 **
8560 ** Enable or disable the recording of changes by a session object. When
8561 ** enabled, a session object records changes made to the database. When
8562 ** disabled - it does not. A newly created session object is enabled.
8563 ** Refer to the documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further
8564 ** details regarding how enabling and disabling a session object affects
8565 ** the eventual changesets.
8566 **
8567 ** Passing zero to this function disables the session. Passing a value
8568 ** greater than zero enables it. Passing a value less than zero is a
8569 ** no-op, and may be used to query the current state of the session.
8570 **
8571 ** The return value indicates the final state of the session object: 0 if
8572 ** the session is disabled, or 1 if it is enabled.
8573 */
8574 int sqlite3session_enable(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bEnable);
8575 
8576 /*
8577 ** CAPI3REF: Set Or Clear the Indirect Change Flag
8578 **
8579 ** Each change recorded by a session object is marked as either direct or
8580 ** indirect. A change is marked as indirect if either:
8581 **
8582 ** <ul>
8583 **   <li> The session object "indirect" flag is set when the change is
8584 **        made, or
8585 **   <li> The change is made by an SQL trigger or foreign key action
8586 **        instead of directly as a result of a users SQL statement.
8587 ** </ul>
8588 **
8589 ** If a single row is affected by more than one operation within a session,
8590 ** then the change is considered indirect if all operations meet the criteria
8591 ** for an indirect change above, or direct otherwise.
8592 **
8593 ** This function is used to set, clear or query the session object indirect
8594 ** flag.  If the second argument passed to this function is zero, then the
8595 ** indirect flag is cleared. If it is greater than zero, the indirect flag
8596 ** is set. Passing a value less than zero does not modify the current value
8597 ** of the indirect flag, and may be used to query the current state of the
8598 ** indirect flag for the specified session object.
8599 **
8600 ** The return value indicates the final state of the indirect flag: 0 if
8601 ** it is clear, or 1 if it is set.
8602 */
8603 int sqlite3session_indirect(sqlite3_session *pSession, int bIndirect);
8604 
8605 /*
8606 ** CAPI3REF: Attach A Table To A Session Object
8607 **
8608 ** If argument zTab is not NULL, then it is the name of a table to attach
8609 ** to the session object passed as the first argument. All subsequent changes
8610 ** made to the table while the session object is enabled will be recorded. See
8611 ** documentation for [sqlite3session_changeset()] for further details.
8612 **
8613 ** Or, if argument zTab is NULL, then changes are recorded for all tables
8614 ** in the database. If additional tables are added to the database (by
8615 ** executing "CREATE TABLE" statements) after this call is made, changes for
8616 ** the new tables are also recorded.
8617 **
8618 ** Changes can only be recorded for tables that have a PRIMARY KEY explicitly
8619 ** defined as part of their CREATE TABLE statement. It does not matter if the
8620 ** PRIMARY KEY is an "INTEGER PRIMARY KEY" (rowid alias) or not. The PRIMARY
8621 ** KEY may consist of a single column, or may be a composite key.
8622 **
8623 ** It is not an error if the named table does not exist in the database. Nor
8624 ** is it an error if the named table does not have a PRIMARY KEY. However,
8625 ** no changes will be recorded in either of these scenarios.
8626 **
8627 ** Changes are not recorded for individual rows that have NULL values stored
8628 ** in one or more of their PRIMARY KEY columns.
8629 **
8630 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error
8631 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
8632 */
8633 int sqlite3session_attach(
8634   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
8635   const char *zTab                /* Table name */
8636 );
8637 
8638 /*
8639 ** CAPI3REF: Set a table filter on a Session Object.
8640 **
8641 ** The second argument (xFilter) is the "filter callback". For changes to rows
8642 ** in tables that are not attached to the Session oject, the filter is called
8643 ** to determine whether changes to the table's rows should be tracked or not.
8644 ** If xFilter returns 0, changes is not tracked. Note that once a table is
8645 ** attached, xFilter will not be called again.
8646 */
8647 void sqlite3session_table_filter(
8648   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
8649   int(*xFilter)(
8650     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of third arg to _filter_table() */
8651     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
8652   ),
8653   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xFilter */
8654 );
8655 
8656 /*
8657 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Changeset From A Session Object
8658 **
8659 ** Obtain a changeset containing changes to the tables attached to the
8660 ** session object passed as the first argument. If successful,
8661 ** set *ppChangeset to point to a buffer containing the changeset
8662 ** and *pnChangeset to the size of the changeset in bytes before returning
8663 ** SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs, set both *ppChangeset and *pnChangeset to
8664 ** zero and return an SQLite error code.
8665 **
8666 ** A changeset consists of zero or more INSERT, UPDATE and/or DELETE changes,
8667 ** each representing a change to a single row of an attached table. An INSERT
8668 ** change contains the values of each field of a new database row. A DELETE
8669 ** contains the original values of each field of a deleted database row. An
8670 ** UPDATE change contains the original values of each field of an updated
8671 ** database row along with the updated values for each updated non-primary-key
8672 ** column. It is not possible for an UPDATE change to represent a change that
8673 ** modifies the values of primary key columns. If such a change is made, it
8674 ** is represented in a changeset as a DELETE followed by an INSERT.
8675 **
8676 ** Changes are not recorded for rows that have NULL values stored in one or
8677 ** more of their PRIMARY KEY columns. If such a row is inserted or deleted,
8678 ** no corresponding change is present in the changesets returned by this
8679 ** function. If an existing row with one or more NULL values stored in
8680 ** PRIMARY KEY columns is updated so that all PRIMARY KEY columns are non-NULL,
8681 ** only an INSERT is appears in the changeset. Similarly, if an existing row
8682 ** with non-NULL PRIMARY KEY values is updated so that one or more of its
8683 ** PRIMARY KEY columns are set to NULL, the resulting changeset contains a
8684 ** DELETE change only.
8685 **
8686 ** The contents of a changeset may be traversed using an iterator created
8687 ** using the [sqlite3changeset_start()] API. A changeset may be applied to
8688 ** a database with a compatible schema using the [sqlite3changeset_apply()]
8689 ** API.
8690 **
8691 ** Within a changeset generated by this function, all changes related to a
8692 ** single table are grouped together. In other words, when iterating through
8693 ** a changeset or when applying a changeset to a database, all changes related
8694 ** to a single table are processed before moving on to the next table. Tables
8695 ** are sorted in the same order in which they were attached (or auto-attached)
8696 ** to the sqlite3_session object. The order in which the changes related to
8697 ** a single table are stored is undefined.
8698 **
8699 ** Following a successful call to this function, it is the responsibility of
8700 ** the caller to eventually free the buffer that *ppChangeset points to using
8701 ** [sqlite3_free()].
8702 **
8703 ** <h3>Changeset Generation</h3>
8704 **
8705 ** Once a table has been attached to a session object, the session object
8706 ** records the primary key values of all new rows inserted into the table.
8707 ** It also records the original primary key and other column values of any
8708 ** deleted or updated rows. For each unique primary key value, data is only
8709 ** recorded once - the first time a row with said primary key is inserted,
8710 ** updated or deleted in the lifetime of the session.
8711 **
8712 ** There is one exception to the previous paragraph: when a row is inserted,
8713 ** updated or deleted, if one or more of its primary key columns contain a
8714 ** NULL value, no record of the change is made.
8715 **
8716 ** The session object therefore accumulates two types of records - those
8717 ** that consist of primary key values only (created when the user inserts
8718 ** a new record) and those that consist of the primary key values and the
8719 ** original values of other table columns (created when the users deletes
8720 ** or updates a record).
8721 **
8722 ** When this function is called, the requested changeset is created using
8723 ** both the accumulated records and the current contents of the database
8724 ** file. Specifically:
8725 **
8726 ** <ul>
8727 **   <li> For each record generated by an insert, the database is queried
8728 **        for a row with a matching primary key. If one is found, an INSERT
8729 **        change is added to the changeset. If no such row is found, no change
8730 **        is added to the changeset.
8731 **
8732 **   <li> For each record generated by an update or delete, the database is
8733 **        queried for a row with a matching primary key. If such a row is
8734 **        found and one or more of the non-primary key fields have been
8735 **        modified from their original values, an UPDATE change is added to
8736 **        the changeset. Or, if no such row is found in the table, a DELETE
8737 **        change is added to the changeset. If there is a row with a matching
8738 **        primary key in the database, but all fields contain their original
8739 **        values, no change is added to the changeset.
8740 ** </ul>
8741 **
8742 ** This means, amongst other things, that if a row is inserted and then later
8743 ** deleted while a session object is active, neither the insert nor the delete
8744 ** will be present in the changeset. Or if a row is deleted and then later a
8745 ** row with the same primary key values inserted while a session object is
8746 ** active, the resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change instead of
8747 ** a DELETE and an INSERT.
8748 **
8749 ** When a session object is disabled (see the [sqlite3session_enable()] API),
8750 ** it does not accumulate records when rows are inserted, updated or deleted.
8751 ** This may appear to have some counter-intuitive effects if a single row
8752 ** is written to more than once during a session. For example, if a row
8753 ** is inserted while a session object is enabled, then later deleted while
8754 ** the same session object is disabled, no INSERT record will appear in the
8755 ** changeset, even though the delete took place while the session was disabled.
8756 ** Or, if one field of a row is updated while a session is disabled, and
8757 ** another field of the same row is updated while the session is enabled, the
8758 ** resulting changeset will contain an UPDATE change that updates both fields.
8759 */
8760 int sqlite3session_changeset(
8761   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
8762   int *pnChangeset,               /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
8763   void **ppChangeset              /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
8764 );
8765 
8766 /*
8767 ** CAPI3REF: Load The Difference Between Tables Into A Session
8768 **
8769 ** If it is not already attached to the session object passed as the first
8770 ** argument, this function attaches table zTbl in the same manner as the
8771 ** [sqlite3session_attach()] function. If zTbl does not exist, or if it
8772 ** does not have a primary key, this function is a no-op (but does not return
8773 ** an error).
8774 **
8775 ** Argument zFromDb must be the name of a database ("main", "temp" etc.)
8776 ** attached to the same database handle as the session object that contains
8777 ** a table compatible with the table attached to the session by this function.
8778 ** A table is considered compatible if it:
8779 **
8780 ** <ul>
8781 **   <li> Has the same name,
8782 **   <li> Has the same set of columns declared in the same order, and
8783 **   <li> Has the same PRIMARY KEY definition.
8784 ** </ul>
8785 **
8786 ** If the tables are not compatible, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned. If the tables
8787 ** are compatible but do not have any PRIMARY KEY columns, it is not an error
8788 ** but no changes are added to the session object. As with other session
8789 ** APIs, tables without PRIMARY KEYs are simply ignored.
8790 **
8791 ** This function adds a set of changes to the session object that could be
8792 ** used to update the table in database zFrom (call this the "from-table")
8793 ** so that its content is the same as the table attached to the session
8794 ** object (call this the "to-table"). Specifically:
8795 **
8796 ** <ul>
8797 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
8798 **     the from-table, an INSERT record is added to the session object.
8799 **
8800 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in the to-table but not in
8801 **     the from-table, a DELETE record is added to the session object.
8802 **
8803 **   <li> For each row (primary key) that exists in both tables, but features
8804 **     different in each, an UPDATE record is added to the session.
8805 ** </ul>
8806 **
8807 ** To clarify, if this function is called and then a changeset constructed
8808 ** using [sqlite3session_changeset()], then after applying that changeset to
8809 ** database zFrom the contents of the two compatible tables would be
8810 ** identical.
8811 **
8812 ** It an error if database zFrom does not exist or does not contain the
8813 ** required compatible table.
8814 **
8815 ** If the operation successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite
8816 ** error code. In this case, if argument pzErrMsg is not NULL, *pzErrMsg
8817 ** may be set to point to a buffer containing an English language error
8818 ** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to free this buffer using
8819 ** sqlite3_free().
8820 */
8821 int sqlite3session_diff(
8822   sqlite3_session *pSession,
8823   const char *zFromDb,
8824   const char *zTbl,
8825   char **pzErrMsg
8826 );
8827 
8828 
8829 /*
8830 ** CAPI3REF: Generate A Patchset From A Session Object
8831 **
8832 ** The differences between a patchset and a changeset are that:
8833 **
8834 ** <ul>
8835 **   <li> DELETE records consist of the primary key fields only. The
8836 **        original values of other fields are omitted.
8837 **   <li> The original values of any modified fields are omitted from
8838 **        UPDATE records.
8839 ** </ul>
8840 **
8841 ** A patchset blob may be used with up to date versions of all
8842 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx API functions except for sqlite3changeset_invert(),
8843 ** which returns SQLITE_CORRUPT if it is passed a patchset. Similarly,
8844 ** attempting to use a patchset blob with old versions of the
8845 ** sqlite3changeset_xxx APIs also provokes an SQLITE_CORRUPT error.
8846 **
8847 ** Because the non-primary key "old.*" fields are omitted, no
8848 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflicts can be detected or reported if a patchset
8849 ** is passed to the sqlite3changeset_apply() API. Other conflict types work
8850 ** in the same way as for changesets.
8851 **
8852 ** Changes within a patchset are ordered in the same way as for changesets
8853 ** generated by the sqlite3session_changeset() function (i.e. all changes for
8854 ** a single table are grouped together, tables appear in the order in which
8855 ** they were attached to the session object).
8856 */
8857 int sqlite3session_patchset(
8858   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
8859   int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
8860   void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
8861 );
8862 
8863 /*
8864 ** CAPI3REF: Test if a changeset has recorded any changes.
8865 **
8866 ** Return non-zero if no changes to attached tables have been recorded by
8867 ** the session object passed as the first argument. Otherwise, if one or
8868 ** more changes have been recorded, return zero.
8869 **
8870 ** Even if this function returns zero, it is possible that calling
8871 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()] on the session handle may still return a
8872 ** changeset that contains no changes. This can happen when a row in
8873 ** an attached table is modified and then later on the original values
8874 ** are restored. However, if this function returns non-zero, then it is
8875 ** guaranteed that a call to sqlite3session_changeset() will return a
8876 ** changeset containing zero changes.
8877 */
8878 int sqlite3session_isempty(sqlite3_session *pSession);
8879 
8880 /*
8881 ** CAPI3REF: Create An Iterator To Traverse A Changeset
8882 **
8883 ** Create an iterator used to iterate through the contents of a changeset.
8884 ** If successful, *pp is set to point to the iterator handle and SQLITE_OK
8885 ** is returned. Otherwise, if an error occurs, *pp is set to zero and an
8886 ** SQLite error code is returned.
8887 **
8888 ** The following functions can be used to advance and query a changeset
8889 ** iterator created by this function:
8890 **
8891 ** <ul>
8892 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_next()]
8893 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_op()]
8894 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_new()]
8895 **   <li> [sqlite3changeset_old()]
8896 ** </ul>
8897 **
8898 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually destroy the iterator
8899 ** by passing it to [sqlite3changeset_finalize()]. The buffer containing the
8900 ** changeset (pChangeset) must remain valid until after the iterator is
8901 ** destroyed.
8902 **
8903 ** Assuming the changeset blob was created by one of the
8904 ** [sqlite3session_changeset()], [sqlite3changeset_concat()] or
8905 ** [sqlite3changeset_invert()] functions, all changes within the changeset
8906 ** that apply to a single table are grouped together. This means that when
8907 ** an application iterates through a changeset using an iterator created by
8908 ** this function, all changes that relate to a single table are visted
8909 ** consecutively. There is no chance that the iterator will visit a change
8910 ** the applies to table X, then one for table Y, and then later on visit
8911 ** another change for table X.
8912 */
8913 int sqlite3changeset_start(
8914   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,    /* OUT: New changeset iterator handle */
8915   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset blob in bytes */
8916   void *pChangeset                /* Pointer to blob containing changeset */
8917 );
8918 
8919 
8920 /*
8921 ** CAPI3REF: Advance A Changeset Iterator
8922 **
8923 ** This function may only be used with iterators created by function
8924 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()]. If it is called on an iterator passed to
8925 ** a conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], SQLITE_MISUSE
8926 ** is returned and the call has no effect.
8927 **
8928 ** Immediately after an iterator is created by sqlite3changeset_start(), it
8929 ** does not point to any change in the changeset. Assuming the changeset
8930 ** is not empty, the first call to this function advances the iterator to
8931 ** point to the first change in the changeset. Each subsequent call advances
8932 ** the iterator to point to the next change in the changeset (if any). If
8933 ** no error occurs and the iterator points to a valid change after a call
8934 ** to sqlite3changeset_next() has advanced it, SQLITE_ROW is returned.
8935 ** Otherwise, if all changes in the changeset have already been visited,
8936 ** SQLITE_DONE is returned.
8937 **
8938 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned. Possible error
8939 ** codes include SQLITE_CORRUPT (if the changeset buffer is corrupt) or
8940 ** SQLITE_NOMEM.
8941 */
8942 int sqlite3changeset_next(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
8943 
8944 /*
8945 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Current Operation From A Changeset Iterator
8946 **
8947 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
8948 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
8949 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
8950 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned [SQLITE_ROW]. If this
8951 ** is not the case, this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE].
8952 **
8953 ** If argument pzTab is not NULL, then *pzTab is set to point to a
8954 ** nul-terminated utf-8 encoded string containing the name of the table
8955 ** affected by the current change. The buffer remains valid until either
8956 ** sqlite3changeset_next() is called on the iterator or until the
8957 ** conflict-handler function returns. If pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is
8958 ** set to the number of columns in the table affected by the change. If
8959 ** pbIncorrect is not NULL, then *pbIndirect is set to true (1) if the change
8960 ** is an indirect change, or false (0) otherwise. See the documentation for
8961 ** [sqlite3session_indirect()] for a description of direct and indirect
8962 ** changes. Finally, if pOp is not NULL, then *pOp is set to one of
8963 ** [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the
8964 ** type of change that the iterator currently points to.
8965 **
8966 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error does occur, an
8967 ** SQLite error code is returned. The values of the output variables may not
8968 ** be trusted in this case.
8969 */
8970 int sqlite3changeset_op(
8971   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
8972   const char **pzTab,             /* OUT: Pointer to table name */
8973   int *pnCol,                     /* OUT: Number of columns in table */
8974   int *pOp,                       /* OUT: SQLITE_INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE */
8975   int *pbIndirect                 /* OUT: True for an 'indirect' change */
8976 );
8977 
8978 /*
8979 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain The Primary Key Definition Of A Table
8980 **
8981 ** For each modified table, a changeset includes the following:
8982 **
8983 ** <ul>
8984 **   <li> The number of columns in the table, and
8985 **   <li> Which of those columns make up the tables PRIMARY KEY.
8986 ** </ul>
8987 **
8988 ** This function is used to find which columns comprise the PRIMARY KEY of
8989 ** the table modified by the change that iterator pIter currently points to.
8990 ** If successful, *pabPK is set to point to an array of nCol entries, where
8991 ** nCol is the number of columns in the table. Elements of *pabPK are set to
8992 ** 0x01 if the corresponding column is part of the tables primary key, or
8993 ** 0x00 if it is not.
8994 **
8995 ** If argumet pnCol is not NULL, then *pnCol is set to the number of columns
8996 ** in the table.
8997 **
8998 ** If this function is called when the iterator does not point to a valid
8999 ** entry, SQLITE_MISUSE is returned and the output variables zeroed. Otherwise,
9000 ** SQLITE_OK is returned and the output variables populated as described
9001 ** above.
9002 */
9003 int sqlite3changeset_pk(
9004   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Iterator object */
9005   unsigned char **pabPK,          /* OUT: Array of boolean - true for PK cols */
9006   int *pnCol                      /* OUT: Number of entries in output array */
9007 );
9008 
9009 /*
9010 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain old.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
9011 **
9012 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9013 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9014 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9015 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
9016 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
9017 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_DELETE] or [SQLITE_UPDATE]. Otherwise,
9018 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
9019 **
9020 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9021 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9022 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9023 **
9024 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9025 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
9026 ** original row values stored as part of the UPDATE or DELETE change and
9027 ** returns SQLITE_OK. The name of the function comes from the fact that this
9028 ** is similar to the "old.*" columns available to update or delete triggers.
9029 **
9030 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9031 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9032 */
9033 int sqlite3changeset_old(
9034   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9035   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9036   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Old value (or NULL pointer) */
9037 );
9038 
9039 /*
9040 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain new.* Values From A Changeset Iterator
9041 **
9042 ** The pIter argument passed to this function may either be an iterator
9043 ** passed to a conflict-handler by [sqlite3changeset_apply()], or an iterator
9044 ** created by [sqlite3changeset_start()]. In the latter case, the most recent
9045 ** call to [sqlite3changeset_next()] must have returned SQLITE_ROW.
9046 ** Furthermore, it may only be called if the type of change that the iterator
9047 ** currently points to is either [SQLITE_UPDATE] or [SQLITE_INSERT]. Otherwise,
9048 ** this function returns [SQLITE_MISUSE] and sets *ppValue to NULL.
9049 **
9050 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9051 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9052 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9053 **
9054 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9055 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the vector of
9056 ** new row values stored as part of the UPDATE or INSERT change and
9057 ** returns SQLITE_OK. If the change is an UPDATE and does not include
9058 ** a new value for the requested column, *ppValue is set to NULL and
9059 ** SQLITE_OK returned. The name of the function comes from the fact that
9060 ** this is similar to the "new.*" columns available to update or delete
9061 ** triggers.
9062 **
9063 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9064 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9065 */
9066 int sqlite3changeset_new(
9067   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9068   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9069   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: New value (or NULL pointer) */
9070 );
9071 
9072 /*
9073 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Conflicting Row Values From A Changeset Iterator
9074 **
9075 ** This function should only be used with iterator objects passed to a
9076 ** conflict-handler callback by [sqlite3changeset_apply()] with either
9077 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] or [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT]. If this function
9078 ** is called on any other iterator, [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned and *ppValue
9079 ** is set to NULL.
9080 **
9081 ** Argument iVal must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than the number
9082 ** of columns in the table affected by the current change. Otherwise,
9083 ** [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9084 **
9085 ** If successful, this function sets *ppValue to point to a protected
9086 ** sqlite3_value object containing the iVal'th value from the
9087 ** "conflicting row" associated with the current conflict-handler callback
9088 ** and returns SQLITE_OK.
9089 **
9090 ** If some other error occurs (e.g. an OOM condition), an SQLite error code
9091 ** is returned and *ppValue is set to NULL.
9092 */
9093 int sqlite3changeset_conflict(
9094   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9095   int iVal,                       /* Column number */
9096   sqlite3_value **ppValue         /* OUT: Value from conflicting row */
9097 );
9098 
9099 /*
9100 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Number Of Foreign Key Constraint Violations
9101 **
9102 ** This function may only be called with an iterator passed to an
9103 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY conflict handler callback. In this case
9104 ** it sets the output variable to the total number of known foreign key
9105 ** violations in the destination database and returns SQLITE_OK.
9106 **
9107 ** In all other cases this function returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
9108 */
9109 int sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts(
9110   sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter,  /* Changeset iterator */
9111   int *pnOut                      /* OUT: Number of FK violations */
9112 );
9113 
9114 
9115 /*
9116 ** CAPI3REF: Finalize A Changeset Iterator
9117 **
9118 ** This function is used to finalize an iterator allocated with
9119 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()].
9120 **
9121 ** This function should only be called on iterators created using the
9122 ** [sqlite3changeset_start()] function. If an application calls this
9123 ** function with an iterator passed to a conflict-handler by
9124 ** [sqlite3changeset_apply()], [SQLITE_MISUSE] is immediately returned and the
9125 ** call has no effect.
9126 **
9127 ** If an error was encountered within a call to an sqlite3changeset_xxx()
9128 ** function (for example an [SQLITE_CORRUPT] in [sqlite3changeset_next()] or an
9129 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM] in [sqlite3changeset_new()]) then an error code corresponding
9130 ** to that error is returned by this function. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is
9131 ** returned. This is to allow the following pattern (pseudo-code):
9132 **
9133 **   sqlite3changeset_start();
9134 **   while( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3changeset_next() ){
9135 **     // Do something with change.
9136 **   }
9137 **   rc = sqlite3changeset_finalize();
9138 **   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
9139 **     // An error has occurred
9140 **   }
9141 */
9142 int sqlite3changeset_finalize(sqlite3_changeset_iter *pIter);
9143 
9144 /*
9145 ** CAPI3REF: Invert A Changeset
9146 **
9147 ** This function is used to "invert" a changeset object. Applying an inverted
9148 ** changeset to a database reverses the effects of applying the uninverted
9149 ** changeset. Specifically:
9150 **
9151 ** <ul>
9152 **   <li> Each DELETE change is changed to an INSERT, and
9153 **   <li> Each INSERT change is changed to a DELETE, and
9154 **   <li> For each UPDATE change, the old.* and new.* values are exchanged.
9155 ** </ul>
9156 **
9157 ** This function does not change the order in which changes appear within
9158 ** the changeset. It merely reverses the sense of each individual change.
9159 **
9160 ** If successful, a pointer to a buffer containing the inverted changeset
9161 ** is stored in *ppOut, the size of the same buffer is stored in *pnOut, and
9162 ** SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error occurs, both *pnOut and *ppOut are
9163 ** zeroed and an SQLite error code returned.
9164 **
9165 ** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually call sqlite3_free()
9166 ** on the *ppOut pointer to free the buffer allocation following a successful
9167 ** call to this function.
9168 **
9169 ** WARNING/TODO: This function currently assumes that the input is a valid
9170 ** changeset. If it is not, the results are undefined.
9171 */
9172 int sqlite3changeset_invert(
9173   int nIn, const void *pIn,       /* Input changeset */
9174   int *pnOut, void **ppOut        /* OUT: Inverse of input */
9175 );
9176 
9177 /*
9178 ** CAPI3REF: Concatenate Two Changeset Objects
9179 **
9180 ** This function is used to concatenate two changesets, A and B, into a
9181 ** single changeset. The result is a changeset equivalent to applying
9182 ** changeset A followed by changeset B.
9183 **
9184 ** This function combines the two input changesets using an
9185 ** sqlite3_changegroup object. Calling it produces similar results as the
9186 ** following code fragment:
9187 **
9188 **   sqlite3_changegroup *pGrp;
9189 **   rc = sqlite3_changegroup_new(&pGrp);
9190 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nA, pA);
9191 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3changegroup_add(pGrp, nB, pB);
9192 **   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
9193 **     rc = sqlite3changegroup_output(pGrp, pnOut, ppOut);
9194 **   }else{
9195 **     *ppOut = 0;
9196 **     *pnOut = 0;
9197 **   }
9198 **
9199 ** Refer to the sqlite3_changegroup documentation below for details.
9200 */
9201 int sqlite3changeset_concat(
9202   int nA,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pA */
9203   void *pA,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset A */
9204   int nB,                         /* Number of bytes in buffer pB */
9205   void *pB,                       /* Pointer to buffer containing changeset B */
9206   int *pnOut,                     /* OUT: Number of bytes in output changeset */
9207   void **ppOut                    /* OUT: Buffer containing output changeset */
9208 );
9209 
9210 
9211 /*
9212 ** Changegroup handle.
9213 */
9214 typedef struct sqlite3_changegroup sqlite3_changegroup;
9215 
9216 /*
9217 ** CAPI3REF: Combine two or more changesets into a single changeset.
9218 **
9219 ** An sqlite3_changegroup object is used to combine two or more changesets
9220 ** (or patchsets) into a single changeset (or patchset). A single changegroup
9221 ** object may combine changesets or patchsets, but not both. The output is
9222 ** always in the same format as the input.
9223 **
9224 ** If successful, this function returns SQLITE_OK and populates (*pp) with
9225 ** a pointer to a new sqlite3_changegroup object before returning. The caller
9226 ** should eventually free the returned object using a call to
9227 ** sqlite3changegroup_delete(). If an error occurs, an SQLite error code
9228 ** (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned and *pp is set to NULL.
9229 **
9230 ** The usual usage pattern for an sqlite3_changegroup object is as follows:
9231 **
9232 ** <ul>
9233 **   <li> It is created using a call to sqlite3changegroup_new().
9234 **
9235 **   <li> Zero or more changesets (or patchsets) are added to the object
9236 **        by calling sqlite3changegroup_add().
9237 **
9238 **   <li> The result of combining all input changesets together is obtained
9239 **        by the application via a call to sqlite3changegroup_output().
9240 **
9241 **   <li> The object is deleted using a call to sqlite3changegroup_delete().
9242 ** </ul>
9243 **
9244 ** Any number of calls to add() and output() may be made between the calls to
9245 ** new() and delete(), and in any order.
9246 **
9247 ** As well as the regular sqlite3changegroup_add() and
9248 ** sqlite3changegroup_output() functions, also available are the streaming
9249 ** versions sqlite3changegroup_add_strm() and sqlite3changegroup_output_strm().
9250 */
9251 int sqlite3changegroup_new(sqlite3_changegroup **pp);
9252 
9253 /*
9254 ** Add all changes within the changeset (or patchset) in buffer pData (size
9255 ** nData bytes) to the changegroup.
9256 **
9257 ** If the buffer contains a patchset, then all prior calls to this function
9258 ** on the same changegroup object must also have specified patchsets. Or, if
9259 ** the buffer contains a changeset, so must have the earlier calls to this
9260 ** function. Otherwise, SQLITE_ERROR is returned and no changes are added
9261 ** to the changegroup.
9262 **
9263 ** Rows within the changeset and changegroup are identified by the values in
9264 ** their PRIMARY KEY columns. A change in the changeset is considered to
9265 ** apply to the same row as a change already present in the changegroup if
9266 ** the two rows have the same primary key.
9267 **
9268 ** Changes to rows that that do not already appear in the changegroup are
9269 ** simply copied into it. Or, if both the new changeset and the changegroup
9270 ** contain changes that apply to a single row, the final contents of the
9271 ** changegroup depends on the type of each change, as follows:
9272 **
9273 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
9274 **   <tr><th style="white-space:pre">Existing Change  </th>
9275 **       <th style="white-space:pre">New Change       </th>
9276 **       <th>Output Change
9277 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>INSERT <td>
9278 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9279 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9280 **       added to the changegroup.
9281 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>UPDATE <td>
9282 **       The INSERT change remains in the changegroup. The values in the
9283 **       INSERT change are modified as if the row was inserted by the
9284 **       existing change and then updated according to the new change.
9285 **   <tr><td>INSERT <td>DELETE <td>
9286 **       The existing INSERT is removed from the changegroup. The DELETE is
9287 **       not added.
9288 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>INSERT <td>
9289 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9290 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9291 **       added to the changegroup.
9292 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>UPDATE <td>
9293 **       The existing UPDATE remains within the changegroup. It is amended
9294 **       so that the accompanying values are as if the row was updated once
9295 **       by the existing change and then again by the new change.
9296 **   <tr><td>UPDATE <td>DELETE <td>
9297 **       The existing UPDATE is replaced by the new DELETE within the
9298 **       changegroup.
9299 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>INSERT <td>
9300 **       If one or more of the column values in the row inserted by the
9301 **       new change differ from those in the row deleted by the existing
9302 **       change, the existing DELETE is replaced by an UPDATE within the
9303 **       changegroup. Otherwise, if the inserted row is exactly the same
9304 **       as the deleted row, the existing DELETE is simply discarded.
9305 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>UPDATE <td>
9306 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9307 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9308 **       added to the changegroup.
9309 **   <tr><td>DELETE <td>DELETE <td>
9310 **       The new change is ignored. This case does not occur if the new
9311 **       changeset was recorded immediately after the changesets already
9312 **       added to the changegroup.
9313 ** </table>
9314 **
9315 ** If the new changeset contains changes to a table that is already present
9316 ** in the changegroup, then the number of columns and the position of the
9317 ** primary key columns for the table must be consistent. If this is not the
9318 ** case, this function fails with SQLITE_SCHEMA. If the input changeset
9319 ** appears to be corrupt and the corruption is detected, SQLITE_CORRUPT is
9320 ** returned. Or, if an out-of-memory condition occurs during processing, this
9321 ** function returns SQLITE_NOMEM. In all cases, if an error occurs the
9322 ** final contents of the changegroup is undefined.
9323 **
9324 ** If no error occurs, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9325 */
9326 int sqlite3changegroup_add(sqlite3_changegroup*, int nData, void *pData);
9327 
9328 /*
9329 ** Obtain a buffer containing a changeset (or patchset) representing the
9330 ** current contents of the changegroup. If the inputs to the changegroup
9331 ** were themselves changesets, the output is a changeset. Or, if the
9332 ** inputs were patchsets, the output is also a patchset.
9333 **
9334 ** As with the output of the sqlite3session_changeset() and
9335 ** sqlite3session_patchset() functions, all changes related to a single
9336 ** table are grouped together in the output of this function. Tables appear
9337 ** in the same order as for the very first changeset added to the changegroup.
9338 ** If the second or subsequent changesets added to the changegroup contain
9339 ** changes for tables that do not appear in the first changeset, they are
9340 ** appended onto the end of the output changeset, again in the order in
9341 ** which they are first encountered.
9342 **
9343 ** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the output
9344 ** variables (*pnData) and (*ppData) are set to 0. Otherwise, SQLITE_OK
9345 ** is returned and the output variables are set to the size of and a
9346 ** pointer to the output buffer, respectively. In this case it is the
9347 ** responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer using a
9348 ** call to sqlite3_free().
9349 */
9350 int sqlite3changegroup_output(
9351   sqlite3_changegroup*,
9352   int *pnData,                    /* OUT: Size of output buffer in bytes */
9353   void **ppData                   /* OUT: Pointer to output buffer */
9354 );
9355 
9356 /*
9357 ** Delete a changegroup object.
9358 */
9359 void sqlite3changegroup_delete(sqlite3_changegroup*);
9360 
9361 /*
9362 ** CAPI3REF: Apply A Changeset To A Database
9363 **
9364 ** Apply a changeset to a database. This function attempts to update the
9365 ** "main" database attached to handle db with the changes found in the
9366 ** changeset passed via the second and third arguments.
9367 **
9368 ** The fourth argument (xFilter) passed to this function is the "filter
9369 ** callback". If it is not NULL, then for each table affected by at least one
9370 ** change in the changeset, the filter callback is invoked with
9371 ** the table name as the second argument, and a copy of the context pointer
9372 ** passed as the sixth argument to this function as the first. If the "filter
9373 ** callback" returns zero, then no attempt is made to apply any changes to
9374 ** the table. Otherwise, if the return value is non-zero or the xFilter
9375 ** argument to this function is NULL, all changes related to the table are
9376 ** attempted.
9377 **
9378 ** For each table that is not excluded by the filter callback, this function
9379 ** tests that the target database contains a compatible table. A table is
9380 ** considered compatible if all of the following are true:
9381 **
9382 ** <ul>
9383 **   <li> The table has the same name as the name recorded in the
9384 **        changeset, and
9385 **   <li> The table has the same number of columns as recorded in the
9386 **        changeset, and
9387 **   <li> The table has primary key columns in the same position as
9388 **        recorded in the changeset.
9389 ** </ul>
9390 **
9391 ** If there is no compatible table, it is not an error, but none of the
9392 ** changes associated with the table are applied. A warning message is issued
9393 ** via the sqlite3_log() mechanism with the error code SQLITE_SCHEMA. At most
9394 ** one such warning is issued for each table in the changeset.
9395 **
9396 ** For each change for which there is a compatible table, an attempt is made
9397 ** to modify the table contents according to the UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE
9398 ** change. If a change cannot be applied cleanly, the conflict handler
9399 ** function passed as the fifth argument to sqlite3changeset_apply() may be
9400 ** invoked. A description of exactly when the conflict handler is invoked for
9401 ** each type of change is below.
9402 **
9403 ** Unlike the xFilter argument, xConflict may not be passed NULL. The results
9404 ** of passing anything other than a valid function pointer as the xConflict
9405 ** argument are undefined.
9406 **
9407 ** Each time the conflict handler function is invoked, it must return one
9408 ** of [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT], [SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT] or
9409 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE]. SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE may only be returned
9410 ** if the second argument passed to the conflict handler is either
9411 ** SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If the conflict-handler
9412 ** returns an illegal value, any changes already made are rolled back and
9413 ** the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE. Different
9414 ** actions are taken by sqlite3changeset_apply() depending on the value
9415 ** returned by each invocation of the conflict-handler function. Refer to
9416 ** the documentation for the three
9417 ** [SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT|available return values] for details.
9418 **
9419 ** <dl>
9420 ** <dt>DELETE Changes<dd>
9421 **   For each DELETE change, this function checks if the target database
9422 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
9423 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
9424 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
9425 **   the changeset the row is deleted from the target database.
9426 **
9427 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
9428 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from the original
9429 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
9430 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument.
9431 **
9432 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
9433 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
9434 **   passed as the second argument.
9435 **
9436 **   If the DELETE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT
9437 **   (which can only happen if a foreign key constraint is violated), the
9438 **   conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT]
9439 **   passed as the second argument. This includes the case where the DELETE
9440 **   operation is attempted because an earlier call to the conflict handler
9441 **   function returned [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
9442 **
9443 ** <dt>INSERT Changes<dd>
9444 **   For each INSERT change, an attempt is made to insert the new row into
9445 **   the database.
9446 **
9447 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because the database already
9448 **   contains a row with the same primary key values, the conflict handler
9449 **   function is invoked with the second argument set to
9450 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT].
9451 **
9452 **   If the attempt to insert the row fails because of some other constraint
9453 **   violation (e.g. NOT NULL or UNIQUE), the conflict handler function is
9454 **   invoked with the second argument set to [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT].
9455 **   This includes the case where the INSERT operation is re-attempted because
9456 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
9457 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
9458 **
9459 ** <dt>UPDATE Changes<dd>
9460 **   For each UPDATE change, this function checks if the target database
9461 **   contains a row with the same primary key value (or values) as the
9462 **   original row values stored in the changeset. If it does, and the values
9463 **   stored in all non-primary key columns also match the values stored in
9464 **   the changeset the row is updated within the target database.
9465 **
9466 **   If a row with matching primary key values is found, but one or more of
9467 **   the non-primary key fields contains a value different from an original
9468 **   row value stored in the changeset, the conflict-handler function is
9469 **   invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA] as the second argument. Since
9470 **   UPDATE changes only contain values for non-primary key fields that are
9471 **   to be modified, only those fields need to match the original values to
9472 **   avoid the SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict-handler callback.
9473 **
9474 **   If no row with matching primary key values is found in the database,
9475 **   the conflict-handler function is invoked with [SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND]
9476 **   passed as the second argument.
9477 **
9478 **   If the UPDATE operation is attempted, but SQLite returns
9479 **   SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the conflict-handler function is invoked with
9480 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT] passed as the second argument.
9481 **   This includes the case where the UPDATE operation is attempted after
9482 **   an earlier call to the conflict handler function returned
9483 **   [SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE].
9484 ** </dl>
9485 **
9486 ** It is safe to execute SQL statements, including those that write to the
9487 ** table that the callback related to, from within the xConflict callback.
9488 ** This can be used to further customize the applications conflict
9489 ** resolution strategy.
9490 **
9491 ** All changes made by this function are enclosed in a savepoint transaction.
9492 ** If any other error (aside from a constraint failure when attempting to
9493 ** write to the target database) occurs, then the savepoint transaction is
9494 ** rolled back, restoring the target database to its original state, and an
9495 ** SQLite error code returned.
9496 */
9497 int sqlite3changeset_apply(
9498   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
9499   int nChangeset,                 /* Size of changeset in bytes */
9500   void *pChangeset,               /* Changeset blob */
9501   int(*xFilter)(
9502     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
9503     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
9504   ),
9505   int(*xConflict)(
9506     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
9507     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
9508     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
9509   ),
9510   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
9511 );
9512 
9513 /*
9514 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Passed To The Conflict Handler
9515 **
9516 ** Values that may be passed as the second argument to a conflict-handler.
9517 **
9518 ** <dl>
9519 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA<dd>
9520 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_DATA as the second argument
9521 **   when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the required
9522 **   PRIMARY KEY fields is present in the database, but one or more other
9523 **   (non primary-key) fields modified by the update do not contain the
9524 **   expected "before" values.
9525 **
9526 **   The conflicting row, in this case, is the database row with the matching
9527 **   primary key.
9528 **
9529 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND<dd>
9530 **   The conflict handler is invoked with CHANGESET_NOTFOUND as the second
9531 **   argument when processing a DELETE or UPDATE change if a row with the
9532 **   required PRIMARY KEY fields is not present in the database.
9533 **
9534 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
9535 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
9536 **
9537 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT<dd>
9538 **   CHANGESET_CONFLICT is passed as the second argument to the conflict
9539 **   handler while processing an INSERT change if the operation would result
9540 **   in duplicate primary key values.
9541 **
9542 **   The conflicting row in this case is the database row with the matching
9543 **   primary key.
9544 **
9545 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY<dd>
9546 **   If foreign key handling is enabled, and applying a changeset leaves the
9547 **   database in a state containing foreign key violations, the conflict
9548 **   handler is invoked with CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY as the second argument
9549 **   exactly once before the changeset is committed. If the conflict handler
9550 **   returns CHANGESET_OMIT, the changes, including those that caused the
9551 **   foreign key constraint violation, are committed. Or, if it returns
9552 **   CHANGESET_ABORT, the changeset is rolled back.
9553 **
9554 **   No current or conflicting row information is provided. The only function
9555 **   it is possible to call on the supplied sqlite3_changeset_iter handle
9556 **   is sqlite3changeset_fk_conflicts().
9557 **
9558 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT<dd>
9559 **   If any other constraint violation occurs while applying a change (i.e.
9560 **   a UNIQUE, CHECK or NOT NULL constraint), the conflict handler is
9561 **   invoked with CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT as the second argument.
9562 **
9563 **   There is no conflicting row in this case. The results of invoking the
9564 **   sqlite3changeset_conflict() API are undefined.
9565 **
9566 ** </dl>
9567 */
9568 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA        1
9569 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND    2
9570 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT    3
9571 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT  4
9572 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_FOREIGN_KEY 5
9573 
9574 /*
9575 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Returned By The Conflict Handler
9576 **
9577 ** A conflict handler callback must return one of the following three values.
9578 **
9579 ** <dl>
9580 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT<dd>
9581 **   If a conflict handler returns this value no special action is taken. The
9582 **   change that caused the conflict is not applied. The session module
9583 **   continues to the next change in the changeset.
9584 **
9585 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE<dd>
9586 **   This value may only be returned if the second argument to the conflict
9587 **   handler was SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA or SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT. If this
9588 **   is not the case, any changes applied so far are rolled back and the
9589 **   call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_MISUSE.
9590 **
9591 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA conflict
9592 **   handler, then the conflicting row is either updated or deleted, depending
9593 **   on the type of change.
9594 **
9595 **   If CHANGESET_REPLACE is returned by an SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT conflict
9596 **   handler, then the conflicting row is removed from the database and a
9597 **   second attempt to apply the change is made. If this second attempt fails,
9598 **   the original row is restored to the database before continuing.
9599 **
9600 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT<dd>
9601 **   If this value is returned, any changes applied so far are rolled back
9602 **   and the call to sqlite3changeset_apply() returns SQLITE_ABORT.
9603 ** </dl>
9604 */
9605 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT       0
9606 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE    1
9607 #define SQLITE_CHANGESET_ABORT      2
9608 
9609 /*
9610 ** CAPI3REF: Streaming Versions of API functions.
9611 **
9612 ** The six streaming API xxx_strm() functions serve similar purposes to the
9613 ** corresponding non-streaming API functions:
9614 **
9615 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
9616 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
9617 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply]
9618 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat]
9619 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert]
9620 **   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start]
9621 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset]
9622 **   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset]
9623 ** </table>
9624 **
9625 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
9626 ** require that the entire changeset be stored in a single buffer in memory.
9627 ** Similarly, those that return a changeset or patchset do so by returning
9628 ** a pointer to a single large buffer allocated using sqlite3_malloc().
9629 ** Normally this is convenient. However, if an application running in a
9630 ** low-memory environment is required to handle very large changesets, the
9631 ** large contiguous memory allocations required can become onerous.
9632 **
9633 ** In order to avoid this problem, instead of a single large buffer, input
9634 ** is passed to a streaming API functions by way of a callback function that
9635 ** the sessions module invokes to incrementally request input data as it is
9636 ** required. In all cases, a pair of API function parameters such as
9637 **
9638 **  <pre>
9639 **  &nbsp;     int nChangeset,
9640 **  &nbsp;     void *pChangeset,
9641 **  </pre>
9642 **
9643 ** Is replaced by:
9644 **
9645 **  <pre>
9646 **  &nbsp;     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
9647 **  &nbsp;     void *pIn,
9648 **  </pre>
9649 **
9650 ** Each time the xInput callback is invoked by the sessions module, the first
9651 ** argument passed is a copy of the supplied pIn context pointer. The second
9652 ** argument, pData, points to a buffer (*pnData) bytes in size. Assuming no
9653 ** error occurs the xInput method should copy up to (*pnData) bytes of data
9654 ** into the buffer and set (*pnData) to the actual number of bytes copied
9655 ** before returning SQLITE_OK. If the input is completely exhausted, (*pnData)
9656 ** should be set to zero to indicate this. Or, if an error occurs, an SQLite
9657 ** error code should be returned. In all cases, if an xInput callback returns
9658 ** an error, all processing is abandoned and the streaming API function
9659 ** returns a copy of the error code to the caller.
9660 **
9661 ** In the case of sqlite3changeset_start_strm(), the xInput callback may be
9662 ** invoked by the sessions module at any point during the lifetime of the
9663 ** iterator. If such an xInput callback returns an error, the iterator enters
9664 ** an error state, whereby all subsequent calls to iterator functions
9665 ** immediately fail with the same error code as returned by xInput.
9666 **
9667 ** Similarly, streaming API functions that return changesets (or patchsets)
9668 ** return them in chunks by way of a callback function instead of via a
9669 ** pointer to a single large buffer. In this case, a pair of parameters such
9670 ** as:
9671 **
9672 **  <pre>
9673 **  &nbsp;     int *pnChangeset,
9674 **  &nbsp;     void **ppChangeset,
9675 **  </pre>
9676 **
9677 ** Is replaced by:
9678 **
9679 **  <pre>
9680 **  &nbsp;     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
9681 **  &nbsp;     void *pOut
9682 **  </pre>
9683 **
9684 ** The xOutput callback is invoked zero or more times to return data to
9685 ** the application. The first parameter passed to each call is a copy of the
9686 ** pOut pointer supplied by the application. The second parameter, pData,
9687 ** points to a buffer nData bytes in size containing the chunk of output
9688 ** data being returned. If the xOutput callback successfully processes the
9689 ** supplied data, it should return SQLITE_OK to indicate success. Otherwise,
9690 ** it should return some other SQLite error code. In this case processing
9691 ** is immediately abandoned and the streaming API function returns a copy
9692 ** of the xOutput error code to the application.
9693 **
9694 ** The sessions module never invokes an xOutput callback with the third
9695 ** parameter set to a value less than or equal to zero. Other than this,
9696 ** no guarantees are made as to the size of the chunks of data returned.
9697 */
9698 int sqlite3changeset_apply_strm(
9699   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Apply change to "main" db of this handle */
9700   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData), /* Input function */
9701   void *pIn,                                          /* First arg for xInput */
9702   int(*xFilter)(
9703     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
9704     const char *zTab              /* Table name */
9705   ),
9706   int(*xConflict)(
9707     void *pCtx,                   /* Copy of sixth arg to _apply() */
9708     int eConflict,                /* DATA, MISSING, CONFLICT, CONSTRAINT */
9709     sqlite3_changeset_iter *p     /* Handle describing change and conflict */
9710   ),
9711   void *pCtx                      /* First argument passed to xConflict */
9712 );
9713 int sqlite3changeset_concat_strm(
9714   int (*xInputA)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
9715   void *pInA,
9716   int (*xInputB)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
9717   void *pInB,
9718   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
9719   void *pOut
9720 );
9721 int sqlite3changeset_invert_strm(
9722   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
9723   void *pIn,
9724   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
9725   void *pOut
9726 );
9727 int sqlite3changeset_start_strm(
9728   sqlite3_changeset_iter **pp,
9729   int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
9730   void *pIn
9731 );
9732 int sqlite3session_changeset_strm(
9733   sqlite3_session *pSession,
9734   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
9735   void *pOut
9736 );
9737 int sqlite3session_patchset_strm(
9738   sqlite3_session *pSession,
9739   int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
9740   void *pOut
9741 );
9742 int sqlite3changegroup_add_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
9743     int (*xInput)(void *pIn, void *pData, int *pnData),
9744     void *pIn
9745 );
9746 int sqlite3changegroup_output_strm(sqlite3_changegroup*,
9747     int (*xOutput)(void *pOut, const void *pData, int nData),
9748     void *pOut
9749 );
9750 
9751 
9752 /*
9753 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
9754 */
9755 #ifdef __cplusplus
9756 }
9757 #endif
9758 
9759 #endif  /* !defined(__SQLITESESSION_H_) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) */
9760 
9761 /******** End of sqlite3session.h *********/
9762 /******** Begin file fts5.h *********/
9763 /*
9764 ** 2014 May 31
9765 **
9766 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
9767 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
9768 **
9769 **    May you do good and not evil.
9770 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9771 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
9772 **
9773 ******************************************************************************
9774 **
9775 ** Interfaces to extend FTS5. Using the interfaces defined in this file,
9776 ** FTS5 may be extended with:
9777 **
9778 **     * custom tokenizers, and
9779 **     * custom auxiliary functions.
9780 */
9781 
9782 
9783 #ifndef _FTS5_H
9784 #define _FTS5_H
9785 
9786 
9787 #ifdef __cplusplus
9788 extern "C" {
9789 #endif
9790 
9791 /*************************************************************************
9792 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
9793 **
9794 ** Virtual table implementations may overload SQL functions by implementing
9795 ** the sqlite3_module.xFindFunction() method.
9796 */
9797 
9798 typedef struct Fts5ExtensionApi Fts5ExtensionApi;
9799 typedef struct Fts5Context Fts5Context;
9800 typedef struct Fts5PhraseIter Fts5PhraseIter;
9801 
9802 typedef void (*fts5_extension_function)(
9803   const Fts5ExtensionApi *pApi,   /* API offered by current FTS version */
9804   Fts5Context *pFts,              /* First arg to pass to pApi functions */
9805   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context for returning result/error */
9806   int nVal,                       /* Number of values in apVal[] array */
9807   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Array of trailing arguments */
9808 );
9809 
9810 struct Fts5PhraseIter {
9811   const unsigned char *a;
9812   const unsigned char *b;
9813 };
9814 
9815 /*
9816 ** EXTENSION API FUNCTIONS
9817 **
9818 ** xUserData(pFts):
9819 **   Return a copy of the context pointer the extension function was
9820 **   registered with.
9821 **
9822 ** xColumnTotalSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
9823 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
9824 **   to the total number of tokens in the FTS5 table. Or, if iCol is
9825 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, return
9826 **   the total number of tokens in column iCol, considering all rows in
9827 **   the FTS5 table.
9828 **
9829 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
9830 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
9831 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
9832 **   returned.
9833 **
9834 ** xColumnCount(pFts):
9835 **   Return the number of columns in the table.
9836 **
9837 ** xColumnSize(pFts, iCol, pnToken):
9838 **   If parameter iCol is less than zero, set output variable *pnToken
9839 **   to the total number of tokens in the current row. Or, if iCol is
9840 **   non-negative but less than the number of columns in the table, set
9841 **   *pnToken to the number of tokens in column iCol of the current row.
9842 **
9843 **   If parameter iCol is greater than or equal to the number of columns
9844 **   in the table, SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Or, if an error occurs (e.g.
9845 **   an OOM condition or IO error), an appropriate SQLite error code is
9846 **   returned.
9847 **
9848 **   This function may be quite inefficient if used with an FTS5 table
9849 **   created with the "columnsize=0" option.
9850 **
9851 ** xColumnText:
9852 **   This function attempts to retrieve the text of column iCol of the
9853 **   current document. If successful, (*pz) is set to point to a buffer
9854 **   containing the text in utf-8 encoding, (*pn) is set to the size in bytes
9855 **   (not characters) of the buffer and SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise,
9856 **   if an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and the final values
9857 **   of (*pz) and (*pn) are undefined.
9858 **
9859 ** xPhraseCount:
9860 **   Returns the number of phrases in the current query expression.
9861 **
9862 ** xPhraseSize:
9863 **   Returns the number of tokens in phrase iPhrase of the query. Phrases
9864 **   are numbered starting from zero.
9865 **
9866 ** xInstCount:
9867 **   Set *pnInst to the total number of occurrences of all phrases within
9868 **   the query within the current row. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or
9869 **   an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM) if an error occurs.
9870 **
9871 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
9872 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
9873 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
9874 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always returns 0.
9875 **
9876 ** xInst:
9877 **   Query for the details of phrase match iIdx within the current row.
9878 **   Phrase matches are numbered starting from zero, so the iIdx argument
9879 **   should be greater than or equal to zero and smaller than the value
9880 **   output by xInstCount().
9881 **
9882 **   Usually, output parameter *piPhrase is set to the phrase number, *piCol
9883 **   to the column in which it occurs and *piOff the token offset of the
9884 **   first token of the phrase. The exception is if the table was created
9885 **   with the offsets=0 option specified. In this case *piOff is always
9886 **   set to -1.
9887 **
9888 **   Returns SQLITE_OK if successful, or an error code (i.e. SQLITE_NOMEM)
9889 **   if an error occurs.
9890 **
9891 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
9892 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option.
9893 **
9894 ** xRowid:
9895 **   Returns the rowid of the current row.
9896 **
9897 ** xTokenize:
9898 **   Tokenize text using the tokenizer belonging to the FTS5 table.
9899 **
9900 ** xQueryPhrase(pFts5, iPhrase, pUserData, xCallback):
9901 **   This API function is used to query the FTS table for phrase iPhrase
9902 **   of the current query. Specifically, a query equivalent to:
9903 **
9904 **       ... FROM ftstable WHERE ftstable MATCH $p ORDER BY rowid
9905 **
9906 **   with $p set to a phrase equivalent to the phrase iPhrase of the
9907 **   current query is executed. Any column filter that applies to
9908 **   phrase iPhrase of the current query is included in $p. For each
9909 **   row visited, the callback function passed as the fourth argument
9910 **   is invoked. The context and API objects passed to the callback
9911 **   function may be used to access the properties of each matched row.
9912 **   Invoking Api.xUserData() returns a copy of the pointer passed as
9913 **   the third argument to pUserData.
9914 **
9915 **   If the callback function returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, the
9916 **   query is abandoned and the xQueryPhrase function returns immediately.
9917 **   If the returned value is SQLITE_DONE, xQueryPhrase returns SQLITE_OK.
9918 **   Otherwise, the error code is propagated upwards.
9919 **
9920 **   If the query runs to completion without incident, SQLITE_OK is returned.
9921 **   Or, if some error occurs before the query completes or is aborted by
9922 **   the callback, an SQLite error code is returned.
9923 **
9924 **
9925 ** xSetAuxdata(pFts5, pAux, xDelete)
9926 **
9927 **   Save the pointer passed as the second argument as the extension functions
9928 **   "auxiliary data". The pointer may then be retrieved by the current or any
9929 **   future invocation of the same fts5 extension function made as part of
9930 **   of the same MATCH query using the xGetAuxdata() API.
9931 **
9932 **   Each extension function is allocated a single auxiliary data slot for
9933 **   each FTS query (MATCH expression). If the extension function is invoked
9934 **   more than once for a single FTS query, then all invocations share a
9935 **   single auxiliary data context.
9936 **
9937 **   If there is already an auxiliary data pointer when this function is
9938 **   invoked, then it is replaced by the new pointer. If an xDelete callback
9939 **   was specified along with the original pointer, it is invoked at this
9940 **   point.
9941 **
9942 **   The xDelete callback, if one is specified, is also invoked on the
9943 **   auxiliary data pointer after the FTS5 query has finished.
9944 **
9945 **   If an error (e.g. an OOM condition) occurs within this function, an
9946 **   the auxiliary data is set to NULL and an error code returned. If the
9947 **   xDelete parameter was not NULL, it is invoked on the auxiliary data
9948 **   pointer before returning.
9949 **
9950 **
9951 ** xGetAuxdata(pFts5, bClear)
9952 **
9953 **   Returns the current auxiliary data pointer for the fts5 extension
9954 **   function. See the xSetAuxdata() method for details.
9955 **
9956 **   If the bClear argument is non-zero, then the auxiliary data is cleared
9957 **   (set to NULL) before this function returns. In this case the xDelete,
9958 **   if any, is not invoked.
9959 **
9960 **
9961 ** xRowCount(pFts5, pnRow)
9962 **
9963 **   This function is used to retrieve the total number of rows in the table.
9964 **   In other words, the same value that would be returned by:
9965 **
9966 **        SELECT count(*) FROM ftstable;
9967 **
9968 ** xPhraseFirst()
9969 **   This function is used, along with type Fts5PhraseIter and the xPhraseNext
9970 **   method, to iterate through all instances of a single query phrase within
9971 **   the current row. This is the same information as is accessible via the
9972 **   xInstCount/xInst APIs. While the xInstCount/xInst APIs are more convenient
9973 **   to use, this API may be faster under some circumstances. To iterate
9974 **   through instances of phrase iPhrase, use the following code:
9975 **
9976 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
9977 **       int iCol, iOff;
9978 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirst(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol, &iOff);
9979 **           iCol>=0;
9980 **           pApi->xPhraseNext(pFts, &iter, &iCol, &iOff)
9981 **       ){
9982 **         // An instance of phrase iPhrase at offset iOff of column iCol
9983 **       }
9984 **
9985 **   The Fts5PhraseIter structure is defined above. Applications should not
9986 **   modify this structure directly - it should only be used as shown above
9987 **   with the xPhraseFirst() and xPhraseNext() API methods (and by
9988 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() and xPhraseNextColumn() as illustrated below).
9989 **
9990 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
9991 **   "detail=none" or "detail=column" option. If the FTS5 table is created
9992 **   with either "detail=none" or "detail=column" and "content=" option
9993 **   (i.e. if it is a contentless table), then this API always iterates
9994 **   through an empty set (all calls to xPhraseFirst() set iCol to -1).
9995 **
9996 ** xPhraseNext()
9997 **   See xPhraseFirst above.
9998 **
9999 ** xPhraseFirstColumn()
10000 **   This function and xPhraseNextColumn() are similar to the xPhraseFirst()
10001 **   and xPhraseNext() APIs described above. The difference is that instead
10002 **   of iterating through all instances of a phrase in the current row, these
10003 **   APIs are used to iterate through the set of columns in the current row
10004 **   that contain one or more instances of a specified phrase. For example:
10005 **
10006 **       Fts5PhraseIter iter;
10007 **       int iCol;
10008 **       for(pApi->xPhraseFirstColumn(pFts, iPhrase, &iter, &iCol);
10009 **           iCol>=0;
10010 **           pApi->xPhraseNextColumn(pFts, &iter, &iCol)
10011 **       ){
10012 **         // Column iCol contains at least one instance of phrase iPhrase
10013 **       }
10014 **
10015 **   This API can be quite slow if used with an FTS5 table created with the
10016 **   "detail=none" option. If the FTS5 table is created with either
10017 **   "detail=none" "content=" option (i.e. if it is a contentless table),
10018 **   then this API always iterates through an empty set (all calls to
10019 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() set iCol to -1).
10020 **
10021 **   The information accessed using this API and its companion
10022 **   xPhraseFirstColumn() may also be obtained using xPhraseFirst/xPhraseNext
10023 **   (or xInst/xInstCount). The chief advantage of this API is that it is
10024 **   significantly more efficient than those alternatives when used with
10025 **   "detail=column" tables.
10026 **
10027 ** xPhraseNextColumn()
10028 **   See xPhraseFirstColumn above.
10029 */
10030 struct Fts5ExtensionApi {
10031   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 3 */
10032 
10033   void *(*xUserData)(Fts5Context*);
10034 
10035   int (*xColumnCount)(Fts5Context*);
10036   int (*xRowCount)(Fts5Context*, sqlite3_int64 *pnRow);
10037   int (*xColumnTotalSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, sqlite3_int64 *pnToken);
10038 
10039   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Context*,
10040     const char *pText, int nText, /* Text to tokenize */
10041     void *pCtx,                   /* Context passed to xToken() */
10042     int (*xToken)(void*, int, const char*, int, int, int)       /* Callback */
10043   );
10044 
10045   int (*xPhraseCount)(Fts5Context*);
10046   int (*xPhraseSize)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase);
10047 
10048   int (*xInstCount)(Fts5Context*, int *pnInst);
10049   int (*xInst)(Fts5Context*, int iIdx, int *piPhrase, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10050 
10051   sqlite3_int64 (*xRowid)(Fts5Context*);
10052   int (*xColumnText)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, const char **pz, int *pn);
10053   int (*xColumnSize)(Fts5Context*, int iCol, int *pnToken);
10054 
10055   int (*xQueryPhrase)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, void *pUserData,
10056     int(*)(const Fts5ExtensionApi*,Fts5Context*,void*)
10057   );
10058   int (*xSetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, void *pAux, void(*xDelete)(void*));
10059   void *(*xGetAuxdata)(Fts5Context*, int bClear);
10060 
10061   int (*xPhraseFirst)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*, int*);
10062   void (*xPhraseNext)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol, int *piOff);
10063 
10064   int (*xPhraseFirstColumn)(Fts5Context*, int iPhrase, Fts5PhraseIter*, int*);
10065   void (*xPhraseNextColumn)(Fts5Context*, Fts5PhraseIter*, int *piCol);
10066 };
10067 
10068 /*
10069 ** CUSTOM AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
10070 *************************************************************************/
10071 
10072 /*************************************************************************
10073 ** CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10074 **
10075 ** Applications may also register custom tokenizer types. A tokenizer
10076 ** is registered by providing fts5 with a populated instance of the
10077 ** following structure. All structure methods must be defined, setting
10078 ** any member of the fts5_tokenizer struct to NULL leads to undefined
10079 ** behaviour. The structure methods are expected to function as follows:
10080 **
10081 ** xCreate:
10082 **   This function is used to allocate and initialize a tokenizer instance.
10083 **   A tokenizer instance is required to actually tokenize text.
10084 **
10085 **   The first argument passed to this function is a copy of the (void*)
10086 **   pointer provided by the application when the fts5_tokenizer object
10087 **   was registered with FTS5 (the third argument to xCreateTokenizer()).
10088 **   The second and third arguments are an array of nul-terminated strings
10089 **   containing the tokenizer arguments, if any, specified following the
10090 **   tokenizer name as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement used
10091 **   to create the FTS5 table.
10092 **
10093 **   The final argument is an output variable. If successful, (*ppOut)
10094 **   should be set to point to the new tokenizer handle and SQLITE_OK
10095 **   returned. If an error occurs, some value other than SQLITE_OK should
10096 **   be returned. In this case, fts5 assumes that the final value of *ppOut
10097 **   is undefined.
10098 **
10099 ** xDelete:
10100 **   This function is invoked to delete a tokenizer handle previously
10101 **   allocated using xCreate(). Fts5 guarantees that this function will
10102 **   be invoked exactly once for each successful call to xCreate().
10103 **
10104 ** xTokenize:
10105 **   This function is expected to tokenize the nText byte string indicated
10106 **   by argument pText. pText may or may not be nul-terminated. The first
10107 **   argument passed to this function is a pointer to an Fts5Tokenizer object
10108 **   returned by an earlier call to xCreate().
10109 **
10110 **   The second argument indicates the reason that FTS5 is requesting
10111 **   tokenization of the supplied text. This is always one of the following
10112 **   four values:
10113 **
10114 **   <ul><li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT</b> - A document is being inserted into
10115 **            or removed from the FTS table. The tokenizer is being invoked to
10116 **            determine the set of tokens to add to (or delete from) the
10117 **            FTS index.
10118 **
10119 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY</b> - A MATCH query is being executed
10120 **            against the FTS index. The tokenizer is being called to tokenize
10121 **            a bareword or quoted string specified as part of the query.
10122 **
10123 **       <li> <b>(FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY | FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX)</b> - Same as
10124 **            FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY, except that the bareword or quoted string is
10125 **            followed by a "*" character, indicating that the last token
10126 **            returned by the tokenizer will be treated as a token prefix.
10127 **
10128 **       <li> <b>FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX</b> - The tokenizer is being invoked to
10129 **            satisfy an fts5_api.xTokenize() request made by an auxiliary
10130 **            function. Or an fts5_api.xColumnSize() request made by the same
10131 **            on a columnsize=0 database.
10132 **   </ul>
10133 **
10134 **   For each token in the input string, the supplied callback xToken() must
10135 **   be invoked. The first argument to it should be a copy of the pointer
10136 **   passed as the second argument to xTokenize(). The third and fourth
10137 **   arguments are a pointer to a buffer containing the token text, and the
10138 **   size of the token in bytes. The 4th and 5th arguments are the byte offsets
10139 **   of the first byte of and first byte immediately following the text from
10140 **   which the token is derived within the input.
10141 **
10142 **   The second argument passed to the xToken() callback ("tflags") should
10143 **   normally be set to 0. The exception is if the tokenizer supports
10144 **   synonyms. In this case see the discussion below for details.
10145 **
10146 **   FTS5 assumes the xToken() callback is invoked for each token in the
10147 **   order that they occur within the input text.
10148 **
10149 **   If an xToken() callback returns any value other than SQLITE_OK, then
10150 **   the tokenization should be abandoned and the xTokenize() method should
10151 **   immediately return a copy of the xToken() return value. Or, if the
10152 **   input buffer is exhausted, xTokenize() should return SQLITE_OK. Finally,
10153 **   if an error occurs with the xTokenize() implementation itself, it
10154 **   may abandon the tokenization and return any error code other than
10155 **   SQLITE_OK or SQLITE_DONE.
10156 **
10157 ** SYNONYM SUPPORT
10158 **
10159 **   Custom tokenizers may also support synonyms. Consider a case in which a
10160 **   user wishes to query for a phrase such as "first place". Using the
10161 **   built-in tokenizers, the FTS5 query 'first + place' will match instances
10162 **   of "first place" within the document set, but not alternative forms
10163 **   such as "1st place". In some applications, it would be better to match
10164 **   all instances of "first place" or "1st place" regardless of which form
10165 **   the user specified in the MATCH query text.
10166 **
10167 **   There are several ways to approach this in FTS5:
10168 **
10169 **   <ol><li> By mapping all synonyms to a single token. In this case, the
10170 **            In the above example, this means that the tokenizer returns the
10171 **            same token for inputs "first" and "1st". Say that token is in
10172 **            fact "first", so that when the user inserts the document "I won
10173 **            1st place" entries are added to the index for tokens "i", "won",
10174 **            "first" and "place". If the user then queries for '1st + place',
10175 **            the tokenizer substitutes "first" for "1st" and the query works
10176 **            as expected.
10177 **
10178 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
10179 **            In this case, when tokenizing query text, the tokenizer may
10180 **            provide multiple synonyms for a single term within the document.
10181 **            FTS5 then queries the index for each synonym individually. For
10182 **            example, faced with the query:
10183 **
10184 **   <codeblock>
10185 **     ... MATCH 'first place'</codeblock>
10186 **
10187 **            the tokenizer offers both "1st" and "first" as synonyms for the
10188 **            first token in the MATCH query and FTS5 effectively runs a query
10189 **            similar to:
10190 **
10191 **   <codeblock>
10192 **     ... MATCH '(first OR 1st) place'</codeblock>
10193 **
10194 **            except that, for the purposes of auxiliary functions, the query
10195 **            still appears to contain just two phrases - "(first OR 1st)"
10196 **            being treated as a single phrase.
10197 **
10198 **       <li> By adding multiple synonyms for a single term to the FTS index.
10199 **            Using this method, when tokenizing document text, the tokenizer
10200 **            provides multiple synonyms for each token. So that when a
10201 **            document such as "I won first place" is tokenized, entries are
10202 **            added to the FTS index for "i", "won", "first", "1st" and
10203 **            "place".
10204 **
10205 **            This way, even if the tokenizer does not provide synonyms
10206 **            when tokenizing query text (it should not - to do would be
10207 **            inefficient), it doesn't matter if the user queries for
10208 **            'first + place' or '1st + place', as there are entires in the
10209 **            FTS index corresponding to both forms of the first token.
10210 **   </ol>
10211 **
10212 **   Whether it is parsing document or query text, any call to xToken that
10213 **   specifies a <i>tflags</i> argument with the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED bit
10214 **   is considered to supply a synonym for the previous token. For example,
10215 **   when parsing the document "I won first place", a tokenizer that supports
10216 **   synonyms would call xToken() 5 times, as follows:
10217 **
10218 **   <codeblock>
10219 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "i",                      1,  0,  1);
10220 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "won",                    3,  2,  5);
10221 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "first",                  5,  6, 11);
10222 **       xToken(pCtx, FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED, "1st", 3,  6, 11);
10223 **       xToken(pCtx, 0, "place",                  5, 12, 17);
10224 **</codeblock>
10225 **
10226 **   It is an error to specify the FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED flag the first time
10227 **   xToken() is called. Multiple synonyms may be specified for a single token
10228 **   by making multiple calls to xToken(FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED) in sequence.
10229 **   There is no limit to the number of synonyms that may be provided for a
10230 **   single token.
10231 **
10232 **   In many cases, method (1) above is the best approach. It does not add
10233 **   extra data to the FTS index or require FTS5 to query for multiple terms,
10234 **   so it is efficient in terms of disk space and query speed. However, it
10235 **   does not support prefix queries very well. If, as suggested above, the
10236 **   token "first" is subsituted for "1st" by the tokenizer, then the query:
10237 **
10238 **   <codeblock>
10239 **     ... MATCH '1s*'</codeblock>
10240 **
10241 **   will not match documents that contain the token "1st" (as the tokenizer
10242 **   will probably not map "1s" to any prefix of "first").
10243 **
10244 **   For full prefix support, method (3) may be preferred. In this case,
10245 **   because the index contains entries for both "first" and "1st", prefix
10246 **   queries such as 'fi*' or '1s*' will match correctly. However, because
10247 **   extra entries are added to the FTS index, this method uses more space
10248 **   within the database.
10249 **
10250 **   Method (2) offers a midpoint between (1) and (3). Using this method,
10251 **   a query such as '1s*' will match documents that contain the literal
10252 **   token "1st", but not "first" (assuming the tokenizer is not able to
10253 **   provide synonyms for prefixes). However, a non-prefix query like '1st'
10254 **   will match against "1st" and "first". This method does not require
10255 **   extra disk space, as no extra entries are added to the FTS index.
10256 **   On the other hand, it may require more CPU cycles to run MATCH queries,
10257 **   as separate queries of the FTS index are required for each synonym.
10258 **
10259 **   When using methods (2) or (3), it is important that the tokenizer only
10260 **   provide synonyms when tokenizing document text (method (2)) or query
10261 **   text (method (3)), not both. Doing so will not cause any errors, but is
10262 **   inefficient.
10263 */
10264 typedef struct Fts5Tokenizer Fts5Tokenizer;
10265 typedef struct fts5_tokenizer fts5_tokenizer;
10266 struct fts5_tokenizer {
10267   int (*xCreate)(void*, const char **azArg, int nArg, Fts5Tokenizer **ppOut);
10268   void (*xDelete)(Fts5Tokenizer*);
10269   int (*xTokenize)(Fts5Tokenizer*,
10270       void *pCtx,
10271       int flags,            /* Mask of FTS5_TOKENIZE_* flags */
10272       const char *pText, int nText,
10273       int (*xToken)(
10274         void *pCtx,         /* Copy of 2nd argument to xTokenize() */
10275         int tflags,         /* Mask of FTS5_TOKEN_* flags */
10276         const char *pToken, /* Pointer to buffer containing token */
10277         int nToken,         /* Size of token in bytes */
10278         int iStart,         /* Byte offset of token within input text */
10279         int iEnd            /* Byte offset of end of token within input text */
10280       )
10281   );
10282 };
10283 
10284 /* Flags that may be passed as the third argument to xTokenize() */
10285 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_QUERY     0x0001
10286 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_PREFIX    0x0002
10287 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_DOCUMENT  0x0004
10288 #define FTS5_TOKENIZE_AUX       0x0008
10289 
10290 /* Flags that may be passed by the tokenizer implementation back to FTS5
10291 ** as the third argument to the supplied xToken callback. */
10292 #define FTS5_TOKEN_COLOCATED    0x0001      /* Same position as prev. token */
10293 
10294 /*
10295 ** END OF CUSTOM TOKENIZERS
10296 *************************************************************************/
10297 
10298 /*************************************************************************
10299 ** FTS5 EXTENSION REGISTRATION API
10300 */
10301 typedef struct fts5_api fts5_api;
10302 struct fts5_api {
10303   int iVersion;                   /* Currently always set to 2 */
10304 
10305   /* Create a new tokenizer */
10306   int (*xCreateTokenizer)(
10307     fts5_api *pApi,
10308     const char *zName,
10309     void *pContext,
10310     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer,
10311     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
10312   );
10313 
10314   /* Find an existing tokenizer */
10315   int (*xFindTokenizer)(
10316     fts5_api *pApi,
10317     const char *zName,
10318     void **ppContext,
10319     fts5_tokenizer *pTokenizer
10320   );
10321 
10322   /* Create a new auxiliary function */
10323   int (*xCreateFunction)(
10324     fts5_api *pApi,
10325     const char *zName,
10326     void *pContext,
10327     fts5_extension_function xFunction,
10328     void (*xDestroy)(void*)
10329   );
10330 };
10331 
10332 /*
10333 ** END OF REGISTRATION API
10334 *************************************************************************/
10335 
10336 #ifdef __cplusplus
10337 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
10338 #endif
10339 
10340 #endif /* _FTS5_H */
10341 
10342 /******** End of fts5.h *********/
10343