xref: /freebsd/contrib/sqlite3/sqlite3.h (revision 38d120bc13ac1de5b739b67b87016b9122149374)
1 /*
2 ** 2001 September 15
3 **
4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
6 **
7 **    May you do good and not evil.
8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
10 **
11 *************************************************************************
12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
17 **
18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
23 **
24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
27 **
28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
31 ** part of the build process.
32 */
33 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
34 #define _SQLITE3_H_
35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
36 
37 /*
38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
39 */
40 #ifdef __cplusplus
41 extern "C" {
42 #endif
43 
44 
45 /*
46 ** Add the ability to override 'extern'
47 */
48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
50 #endif
51 
52 #ifndef SQLITE_API
53 # define SQLITE_API
54 #endif
55 
56 
57 /*
58 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
59 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
60 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are support for backwards
61 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
62 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
63 **
64 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
65 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
66 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
67 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
68 ** noop macros.
69 */
70 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
71 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
72 
73 /*
74 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
75 */
76 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
77 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
78 #endif
79 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
80 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
81 #endif
82 
83 /*
84 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
85 **
86 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
87 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
88 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
89 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
90 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
91 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
92 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
93 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
94 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
95 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
96 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
97 **
98 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
99 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
100 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
101 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
102 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
103 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
104 ** hash of the entire source tree.
105 **
106 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
107 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
108 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
109 */
110 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.8.7.2"
111 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3008007
112 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2014-11-18 20:57:56 2ab564bf9655b7c7b97ab85cafc8a48329b27f93"
113 
114 /*
115 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
116 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
117 **
118 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
119 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
120 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
121 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
122 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
123 ** the header, and thus insure that the application is
124 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
125 **
126 ** <blockquote><pre>
127 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
128 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
129 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
130 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
131 **
132 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
133 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
134 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
135 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
136 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
137 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
138 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
139 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
140 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
141 **
142 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
143 */
144 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
145 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
146 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void);
147 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
148 
149 /*
150 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
151 **
152 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
153 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
154 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
155 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
156 **
157 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
158 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
159 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
160 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
161 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
162 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
163 **
164 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
165 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
166 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
167 **
168 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
169 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
170 */
171 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
172 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
173 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
174 #endif
175 
176 /*
177 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
178 **
179 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
180 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
181 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
182 **
183 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
184 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
185 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
186 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
187 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
188 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
189 **
190 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
191 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
192 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
193 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
194 **
195 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
196 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
197 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
198 **
199 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
200 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
201 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
202 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
203 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
204 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX].  ^(The return value of the
205 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
206 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
207 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
208 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
209 **
210 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
211 */
212 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
213 
214 /*
215 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
216 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
217 **
218 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
219 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
220 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
221 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
222 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
223 ** interfaces (such as
224 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
225 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
226 ** sqlite3 object.
227 */
228 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
229 
230 /*
231 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
232 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
233 **
234 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
235 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
236 **
237 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
238 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
239 ** compatibility only.
240 **
241 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
242 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
243 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
244 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
245 */
246 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
247   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
248   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
249 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
250   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
251   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
252 #else
253   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
254   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
255 #endif
256 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
257 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
258 
259 /*
260 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
261 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
262 */
263 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
264 # define double sqlite3_int64
265 #endif
266 
267 /*
268 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
269 **
270 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
271 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
272 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
273 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
274 ** resources are deallocated.
275 **
276 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
277 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
278 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
279 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
280 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
281 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
282 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
283 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
284 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
285 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
286 **
287 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
288 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
289 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
290 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
291 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
292 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
293 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
294 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
295 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
296 **
297 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
298 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
299 **
300 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
301 ** must be either a NULL
302 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
303 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
304 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
305 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
306 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
307 */
308 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
309 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
310 
311 /*
312 ** The type for a callback function.
313 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
314 ** compatibility and is not documented.
315 */
316 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
317 
318 /*
319 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
320 **
321 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
322 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
323 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
324 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
325 **
326 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
327 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
328 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
329 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
330 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
331 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
332 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
333 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
334 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
335 ** ignored.
336 **
337 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
338 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
339 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
340 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
341 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
342 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
343 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
344 ** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
345 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
346 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
347 ** NULL before returning.
348 **
349 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
350 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
351 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
352 **
353 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
354 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
355 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
356 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
357 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
358 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
359 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
360 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
361 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
362 **
363 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
364 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
365 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
366 ** is not changed.
367 **
368 ** Restrictions:
369 **
370 ** <ul>
371 ** <li> The application must insure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
372 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
373 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
374 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
375 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
376 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
377 ** </ul>
378 */
379 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_exec(
380   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
381   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
382   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
383   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
384   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
385 );
386 
387 /*
388 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
389 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
390 **
391 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
392 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
393 **
394 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
395 **
396 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
397 */
398 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
399 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
400 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
401 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
402 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
403 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
404 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
405 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
406 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
407 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
408 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
409 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
410 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
411 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
412 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
413 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
414 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
415 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
416 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
417 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
418 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
419 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
420 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
421 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
422 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
423 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
424 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
425 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
426 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
427 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
428 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
429 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
430 /* end-of-error-codes */
431 
432 /*
433 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
434 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
435 **
436 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
437 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
438 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
439 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
440 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
441 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
442 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
443 ** on a per database connection basis using the
444 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
445 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
446 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
447 */
448 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
449 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
450 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
451 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
452 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
453 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
454 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
455 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
456 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
457 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
458 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
459 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
460 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
461 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
462 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
474 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
475 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
476 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
477 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
478 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
479 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
480 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
481 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
482 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
483 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
484 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
485 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
486 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
487 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
488 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
489 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
490 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
491 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
492 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
493 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
494 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
495 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
496 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
497 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
498 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
499 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
500 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
501 
502 /*
503 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
504 **
505 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
506 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
507 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
508 */
509 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
510 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
511 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
512 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
513 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
514 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
515 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
516 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
517 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
518 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
519 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
520 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
521 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
522 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
523 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
524 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
525 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
526 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
529 
530 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
531 
532 /*
533 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
534 **
535 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
536 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
537 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
538 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
539 ** refers to.
540 **
541 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
542 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
543 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
544 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
545 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
546 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
547 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
548 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
549 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
550 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
551 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
552 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
553 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
554 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
555 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
556 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
557 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
558 ** elevated privileges.
559 */
560 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
561 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
562 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
563 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
564 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
565 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
566 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
567 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
568 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
569 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
570 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
571 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
572 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
573 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
574 
575 /*
576 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
577 **
578 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
579 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
580 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
581 */
582 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
583 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
584 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
585 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
586 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
587 
588 /*
589 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
590 **
591 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
592 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
593 ** these integer values as the second argument.
594 **
595 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
596 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
597 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
598 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
599 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
600 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
601 **
602 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
603 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
604 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
605 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
606 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
607 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
608 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
609 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
610 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
611 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
612 ** cares about the difference.)
613 */
614 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
615 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
616 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
617 
618 /*
619 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
620 **
621 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
622 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
623 ** implementations will
624 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
625 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
626 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
627 ** I/O operations on the open file.
628 */
629 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
630 struct sqlite3_file {
631   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
632 };
633 
634 /*
635 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
636 **
637 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
638 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
639 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
640 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
641 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
642 **
643 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
644 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
645 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
646 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
647 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
648 ** to NULL.
649 **
650 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
651 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
652 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
653 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
654 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
655 **
656 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
657 ** <ul>
658 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
659 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
660 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
661 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
662 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
663 ** </ul>
664 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
665 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
666 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
667 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
668 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
669 **
670 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
671 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
672 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
673 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
674 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
675 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
676 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
677 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
678 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
679 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
680 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
681 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
682 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
683 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
684 ** recognize.
685 **
686 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
687 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
688 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
689 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
690 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
691 ** underlying device:
692 **
693 ** <ul>
694 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
695 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
696 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
697 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
698 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
699 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
700 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
701 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
702 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
703 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
704 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
705 ** </ul>
706 **
707 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
708 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
709 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
710 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
711 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
712 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
713 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
714 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
715 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
716 ** to xWrite().
717 **
718 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
719 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
720 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
721 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
722 ** database corruption.
723 */
724 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
725 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
726   int iVersion;
727   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
728   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
729   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
730   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
731   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
732   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
733   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
734   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
735   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
736   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
737   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
738   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
739   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
740   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
741   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
742   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
743   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
744   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
745   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
746   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
747   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
748   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
749 };
750 
751 /*
752 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
753 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
754 **
755 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
756 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
757 ** interface.
758 **
759 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
760 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
761 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
762 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
763 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
764 ** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
765 ** is defined.
766 ** <ul>
767 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
768 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
769 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
770 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
771 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
772 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
773 ** file run faster.
774 **
775 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
776 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
777 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
778 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
779 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
780 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
781 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
782 ** improve performance on some systems.
783 **
784 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
785 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
786 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
787 ** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
788 ** additional information.
789 **
790 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
791 ** No longer in use.
792 **
793 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
794 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
795 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
796 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
797 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
798 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
799 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
800 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
801 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
802 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
803 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
804 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
805 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
806 **
807 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
808 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
809 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
810 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
811 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
812 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
813 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
814 **
815 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
816 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
817 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
818 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
819 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
820 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
821 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
822 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
823 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
824 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
825 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
826 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
827 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
828 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
829 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
830 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
831 **
832 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
833 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
834 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
835 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
836 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
837 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
838 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
839 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
840 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
841 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
842 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
843 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
844 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
845 ** WAL persistence setting.
846 **
847 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
848 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
849 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
850 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
851 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
852 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
853 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
854 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
855 ** zero-damage mode setting.
856 **
857 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
858 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
859 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
860 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
861 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
862 **
863 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
864 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
865 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
866 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
867 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
868 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
869 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
870 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
871 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
872 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
873 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
874 **
875 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
876 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
877 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
878 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
879 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
880 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
881 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
882 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
883 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
884 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
885 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
886 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
887 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
888 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
889 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
890 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
891 ** prepared statement.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
892 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
893 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
894 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
895 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
896 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
897 **
898 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
899 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
900 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
901 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
902 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
903 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
904 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
905 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
906 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
907 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
908 ** current operation.
909 **
910 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
911 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
912 ** to have SQLite generate a
913 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
914 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
915 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
916 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
917 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
918 **
919 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
920 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
921 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
922 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
923 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
924 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
925 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
926 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
927 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
928 **
929 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
930 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
931 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
932 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
933 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
934 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
935 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
936 **
937 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
938 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
939 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
940 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
941 ** was first opened.
942 **
943 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
944 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
945 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
946 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
947 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
948 **
949 ** </ul>
950 */
951 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
952 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
953 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE             3
954 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO                    4
955 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
956 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
957 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
958 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
959 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
960 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
961 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
962 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
963 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
964 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
965 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
966 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
967 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
968 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
969 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
970 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
971 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
972 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
973 
974 /*
975 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
976 **
977 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
978 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
979 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
980 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
981 **
982 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
983 */
984 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
985 
986 /*
987 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
988 **
989 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
990 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
991 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
992 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
993 **
994 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
995 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
996 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
997 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
998 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
999 ** modified.
1000 **
1001 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
1002 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
1003 ** a pathname in this VFS.
1004 **
1005 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
1006 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
1007 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
1008 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
1009 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
1010 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
1011 **
1012 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
1013 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
1014 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
1015 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
1016 ** object once the object has been registered.
1017 **
1018 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
1019 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
1020 **
1021 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
1022 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
1023 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
1024 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
1025 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
1026 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
1027 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
1028 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
1029 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
1030 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
1031 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
1032 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
1033 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
1034 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
1035 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
1036 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
1037 **
1038 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
1039 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
1040 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
1041 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
1042 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
1043 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
1044 **
1045 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
1046 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
1047 **
1048 ** <ul>
1049 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
1050 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
1051 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
1052 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
1053 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
1054 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
1055 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
1056 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
1057 ** </ul>)^
1058 **
1059 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
1060 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
1061 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
1062 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
1063 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
1064 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
1065 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
1066 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
1067 **
1068 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
1069 **
1070 ** <ul>
1071 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1072 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
1073 ** </ul>
1074 **
1075 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
1076 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
1077 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
1078 ** databases, and subjournals.
1079 **
1080 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
1081 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
1082 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
1083 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
1084 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
1085 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
1086 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
1087 ** for exclusive access.
1088 **
1089 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
1090 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
1091 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
1092 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
1093 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
1094 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
1095 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
1096 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
1097 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
1098 **
1099 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
1100 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
1101 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
1102 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
1103 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
1104 ** directory.
1105 **
1106 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
1107 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
1108 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
1109 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
1110 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
1111 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
1112 **
1113 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
1114 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
1115 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
1116 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
1117 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
1118 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
1119 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
1120 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
1121 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
1122 ** a floating point value.
1123 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
1124 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
1125 ** a 24-hour day).
1126 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
1127 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
1128 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
1129 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
1130 **
1131 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
1132 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
1133 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
1134 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
1135 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
1136 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
1137 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
1138 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
1139 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
1140 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
1141 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
1142 */
1143 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
1144 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
1145 struct sqlite3_vfs {
1146   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
1147   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
1148   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
1149   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
1150   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
1151   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
1152   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
1153                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
1154   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
1155   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
1156   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
1157   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
1158   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
1159   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
1160   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
1161   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
1162   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
1163   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
1164   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
1165   /*
1166   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
1167   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
1168   */
1169   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
1170   /*
1171   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1172   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
1173   */
1174   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
1175   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1176   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
1177   /*
1178   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
1179   ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
1180   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
1181   */
1182 };
1183 
1184 /*
1185 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
1186 **
1187 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
1188 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
1189 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
1190 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
1191 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
1192 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
1193 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
1194 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
1195 ** the directory).
1196 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
1197 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
1198 ** release of SQLite.
1199 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
1200 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
1201 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
1202 ** SQLite.
1203 */
1204 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
1205 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
1206 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
1207 
1208 /*
1209 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
1210 **
1211 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
1212 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
1213 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
1214 ** xShmLock method:
1215 **
1216 ** <ul>
1217 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1218 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1219 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
1220 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
1221 ** </ul>
1222 **
1223 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
1224 ** was given no the corresponding lock.
1225 **
1226 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
1227 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
1228 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
1229 */
1230 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
1231 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
1232 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
1233 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
1234 
1235 /*
1236 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
1237 **
1238 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
1239 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
1240 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
1241 ** lock outside of this range
1242 */
1243 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
1244 
1245 
1246 /*
1247 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
1248 **
1249 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
1250 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
1251 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
1252 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
1253 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
1254 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
1255 **
1256 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
1257 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
1258 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
1259 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
1260 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
1261 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
1262 **
1263 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
1264 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
1265 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
1266 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
1267 **
1268 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
1269 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
1270 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
1271 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
1272 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
1273 **
1274 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
1275 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
1276 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
1277 **
1278 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
1279 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
1280 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
1281 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
1282 **
1283 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
1284 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
1285 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
1286 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
1287 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
1288 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
1289 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
1290 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
1291 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
1292 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
1293 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
1294 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
1295 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
1296 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
1297 **
1298 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
1299 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
1300 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
1301 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
1302 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
1303 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
1304 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
1305 **
1306 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
1307 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
1308 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
1309 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
1310 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
1311 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
1312 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
1313 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
1314 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
1315 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
1316 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
1317 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
1318 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
1319 ** failure.
1320 */
1321 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_initialize(void);
1322 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_shutdown(void);
1323 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_init(void);
1324 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_os_end(void);
1325 
1326 /*
1327 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
1328 **
1329 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
1330 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
1331 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
1332 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
1333 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
1334 **
1335 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe.  The application
1336 ** must insure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
1337 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.  Furthermore, sqlite3_config()
1338 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
1339 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
1340 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
1341 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
1342 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
1343 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
1344 **
1345 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
1346 ** [configuration option] that determines
1347 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
1348 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
1349 ** in the first argument.
1350 **
1351 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
1352 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
1353 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
1354 */
1355 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_config(int, ...);
1356 
1357 /*
1358 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
1359 **
1360 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
1361 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
1362 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
1363 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
1364 **
1365 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
1366 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
1367 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
1368 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
1369 **
1370 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
1371 ** the call is considered successful.
1372 */
1373 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
1374 
1375 /*
1376 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
1377 **
1378 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
1379 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
1380 **
1381 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
1382 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
1383 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
1384 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
1385 ** By creating an instance of this object
1386 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
1387 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
1388 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
1389 ** dynamic memory needs.
1390 **
1391 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
1392 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
1393 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
1394 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
1395 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
1396 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
1397 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
1398 ** conditions.
1399 **
1400 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
1401 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
1402 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
1403 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
1404 **
1405 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
1406 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
1407 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
1408 **
1409 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
1410 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
1411 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
1412 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
1413 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
1414 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
1415 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
1416 **
1417 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
1418 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
1419 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
1420 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
1421 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
1422 ** xInit and xShutdown.
1423 **
1424 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
1425 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
1426 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
1427 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
1428 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
1429 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
1430 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
1431 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
1432 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
1433 ** serialization.
1434 **
1435 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
1436 ** call to xShutdown().
1437 */
1438 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
1439 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
1440   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
1441   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
1442   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
1443   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
1444   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
1445   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
1446   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
1447   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
1448 };
1449 
1450 /*
1451 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
1452 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
1453 **
1454 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1455 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
1456 **
1457 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1458 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1459 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
1460 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
1461 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1462 ** is invoked.
1463 **
1464 ** <dl>
1465 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
1466 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1467 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
1468 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
1469 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1470 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1471 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
1472 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
1473 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
1474 ** configuration option.</dd>
1475 **
1476 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
1477 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1478 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
1479 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1480 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
1481 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
1482 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
1483 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
1484 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
1485 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1486 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
1487 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1488 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
1489 **
1490 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
1491 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
1492 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
1493 ** all mutexes including the recursive
1494 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
1495 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
1496 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
1497 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
1498 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
1499 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
1500 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
1501 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1502 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
1503 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
1504 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
1505 **
1506 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
1507 ** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1508 ** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1509 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
1510 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
1511 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
1512 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
1513 **
1514 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
1515 ** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1516 ** instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.  The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
1517 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
1518 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
1519 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
1520 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
1521 **
1522 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
1523 ** <dd> ^This option takes single argument of type int, interpreted as a
1524 ** boolean, which enables or disables the collection of memory allocation
1525 ** statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are disabled, the
1526 ** following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
1527 **   <ul>
1528 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
1529 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
1530 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
1531 **   <li> [sqlite3_status()]
1532 **   </ul>)^
1533 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
1534 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
1535 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
1536 ** </dd>
1537 **
1538 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
1539 ** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1540 ** scratch memory.  There are three arguments:  A pointer an 8-byte
1541 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
1542 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
1543 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).  The sz
1544 ** argument must be a multiple of 16.
1545 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
1546 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1547 ** ^SQLite will use no more than two scratch buffers per thread.  So
1548 ** N should be set to twice the expected maximum number of threads.
1549 ** ^SQLite will never require a scratch buffer that is more than 6
1550 ** times the database page size. ^If SQLite needs needs additional
1551 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
1552 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.</dd>
1553 **
1554 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
1555 ** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite can use for
1556 ** the database page cache with the default page cache implementation.
1557 ** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
1558 ** cache implementation is loaded using the SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option.
1559 ** There are three arguments to this option: A pointer to 8-byte aligned
1560 ** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
1561 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
1562 ** (a power of two between 512 and 32768) plus a little extra for each
1563 ** page header.  ^The page header size is 20 to 40 bytes depending on
1564 ** the host architecture.  ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
1565 ** to make sz a little too large.  The first
1566 ** argument should point to an allocation of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
1567 ** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
1568 ** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
1569 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
1570 ** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.
1571 ** The pointer in the first argument must
1572 ** be aligned to an 8-byte boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite
1573 ** will be undefined.</dd>
1574 **
1575 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
1576 ** <dd> ^This option specifies a static memory buffer that SQLite will use
1577 ** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs beyond those provided
1578 ** for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
1579 ** There are three arguments: An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
1580 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
1581 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
1582 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
1583 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
1584 ** memory pointer is not NULL and either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or
1585 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] are defined, then the alternative memory
1586 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
1587 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
1588 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
1589 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
1590 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
1591 **
1592 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
1593 ** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1594 ** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The argument specifies
1595 ** alternative low-level mutex routines to be used in place
1596 ** the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1597 ** content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
1598 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
1599 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1600 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1601 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
1602 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1603 **
1604 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
1605 ** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1606 ** instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
1607 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
1608 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
1609 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
1610 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
1611 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
1612 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
1613 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
1614 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
1615 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
1616 **
1617 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1618 ** <dd> ^(This option takes two arguments that determine the default
1619 ** memory allocation for the lookaside memory allocator on each
1620 ** [database connection].  The first argument is the
1621 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
1622 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(This option sets the
1623 ** <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
1624 ** verb to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
1625 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
1626 **
1627 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
1628 ** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to
1629 ** an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies the interface
1630 ** to a custom page cache implementation.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of the
1631 ** object and uses it for page cache memory allocations.</dd>
1632 **
1633 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
1634 ** <dd> ^(This option takes a single argument which is a pointer to an
1635 ** [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of the current
1636 ** page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
1637 **
1638 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
1639 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
1640 ** global [error log].
1641 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
1642 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
1643 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
1644 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
1645 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
1646 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
1647 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
1648 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
1649 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
1650 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
1651 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
1652 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
1653 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
1654 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
1655 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
1656 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
1657 **
1658 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
1659 ** <dd>^(This option takes a single argument of type int. If non-zero, then
1660 ** URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero, then URI handling
1661 ** is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally enabled, all filenames
1662 ** passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], [sqlite3_open16()] or
1663 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
1664 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
1665 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
1666 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
1667 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
1668 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
1669 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
1670 **
1671 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
1672 ** <dd>^This option takes a single integer argument which is interpreted as
1673 ** a boolean in order to enable or disable the use of covering indices for
1674 ** full table scans in the query optimizer.  ^The default setting is determined
1675 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
1676 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
1677 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
1678 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
1679 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
1680 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
1681 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
1682 **
1683 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
1684 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
1685 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
1686 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
1687 ** </dd>
1688 **
1689 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
1690 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
1691 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
1692 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
1693 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
1694 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
1695 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
1696 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
1697 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
1698 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
1699 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
1700 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
1701 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
1702 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
1703 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
1704 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
1705 **
1706 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
1707 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
1708 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
1709 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
1710 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
1711 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
1712 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
1713 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
1714 ** cannot be changed at run-time.  Nor may the maximum allowed mmap size
1715 ** exceed the compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
1716 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
1717 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
1718 ** changed to its compile-time default.
1719 **
1720 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
1721 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
1722 ** <dd>^This option is only available if SQLite is compiled for Windows
1723 ** with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro defined.
1724 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
1725 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
1726 ** </dl>
1727 */
1728 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
1729 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
1730 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
1731 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1732 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
1733 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1734 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
1735 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
1736 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
1737 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1738 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
1739 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
1740 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
1741 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
1742 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
1743 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
1744 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
1745 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1746 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
1747 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
1748 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
1749 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
1750 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
1751 
1752 /*
1753 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
1754 **
1755 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
1756 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
1757 **
1758 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
1759 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
1760 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
1761 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
1762 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
1763 ** is invoked.
1764 **
1765 ** <dl>
1766 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
1767 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
1768 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
1769 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
1770 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
1771 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
1772 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
1773 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
1774 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
1775 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
1776 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
1777 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
1778 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
1779 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
1780 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
1781 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
1782 ** when the "current value" returned by
1783 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
1784 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
1785 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
1786 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
1787 **
1788 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
1789 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
1790 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
1791 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
1792 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
1793 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1794 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
1795 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1796 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
1797 **
1798 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
1799 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
1800 ** There should be two additional arguments.
1801 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
1802 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
1803 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
1804 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
1805 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
1806 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
1807 **
1808 ** </dl>
1809 */
1810 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
1811 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
1812 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
1813 
1814 
1815 /*
1816 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
1817 **
1818 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
1819 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
1820 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
1821 */
1822 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
1823 
1824 /*
1825 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
1826 **
1827 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
1828 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
1829 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
1830 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
1831 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
1832 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
1833 ** is another alias for the rowid.
1834 **
1835 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
1836 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
1837 ** on database connection D.
1838 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
1839 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
1840 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
1841 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
1842 **
1843 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
1844 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
1845 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
1846 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
1847 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
1848 ** table method began.)^
1849 **
1850 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
1851 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
1852 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
1853 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
1854 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
1855 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
1856 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
1857 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
1858 ** the return value of this interface.)^
1859 **
1860 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
1861 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
1862 **
1863 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
1864 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
1865 **
1866 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
1867 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
1868 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
1869 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
1870 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
1871 ** last insert [rowid].
1872 */
1873 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
1874 
1875 /*
1876 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
1877 **
1878 ** ^This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
1879 ** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
1880 ** on the [database connection] specified by the first parameter.
1881 ** ^(Only changes that are directly specified by the [INSERT], [UPDATE],
1882 ** or [DELETE] statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
1883 ** triggers or [foreign key actions] are not counted.)^ Use the
1884 ** [sqlite3_total_changes()] function to find the total number of changes
1885 ** including changes caused by triggers and foreign key actions.
1886 **
1887 ** ^Changes to a view that are simulated by an [INSTEAD OF trigger]
1888 ** are not counted.  Only real table changes are counted.
1889 **
1890 ** ^(A "row change" is a change to a single row of a single table
1891 ** caused by an INSERT, DELETE, or UPDATE statement.  Rows that
1892 ** are changed as side effects of [REPLACE] constraint resolution,
1893 ** rollback, ABORT processing, [DROP TABLE], or by any other
1894 ** mechanisms do not count as direct row changes.)^
1895 **
1896 ** A "trigger context" is a scope of execution that begins and
1897 ** ends with the script of a [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger].
1898 ** Most SQL statements are
1899 ** evaluated outside of any trigger.  This is the "top level"
1900 ** trigger context.  If a trigger fires from the top level, a
1901 ** new trigger context is entered for the duration of that one
1902 ** trigger.  Subtriggers create subcontexts for their duration.
1903 **
1904 ** ^Calling [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()] recursively does
1905 ** not create a new trigger context.
1906 **
1907 ** ^This function returns the number of direct row changes in the
1908 ** most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement within the same
1909 ** trigger context.
1910 **
1911 ** ^Thus, when called from the top level, this function returns the
1912 ** number of changes in the most recent INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1913 ** that also occurred at the top level.  ^(Within the body of a trigger,
1914 ** the sqlite3_changes() interface can be called to find the number of
1915 ** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1916 ** statement within the body of the same trigger.
1917 ** However, the number returned does not include changes
1918 ** caused by subtriggers since those have their own context.)^
1919 **
1920 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
1921 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
1922 **
1923 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1924 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
1925 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1926 */
1927 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
1928 
1929 /*
1930 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
1931 **
1932 ** ^This function returns the number of row changes caused by [INSERT],
1933 ** [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements since the [database connection] was opened.
1934 ** ^(The count returned by sqlite3_total_changes() includes all changes
1935 ** from all [CREATE TRIGGER | trigger] contexts and changes made by
1936 ** [foreign key actions]. However,
1937 ** the count does not include changes used to implement [REPLACE] constraints,
1938 ** do rollbacks or ABORT processing, or [DROP TABLE] processing.  The
1939 ** count does not include rows of views that fire an [INSTEAD OF trigger],
1940 ** though if the INSTEAD OF trigger makes changes of its own, those changes
1941 ** are counted.)^
1942 ** ^The sqlite3_total_changes() function counts the changes as soon as
1943 ** the statement that makes them is completed (when the statement handle
1944 ** is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]).
1945 **
1946 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
1947 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
1948 **
1949 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
1950 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
1951 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
1952 */
1953 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
1954 
1955 /*
1956 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
1957 **
1958 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
1959 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
1960 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
1961 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
1962 ** immediately.
1963 **
1964 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
1965 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
1966 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
1967 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
1968 **
1969 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
1970 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
1971 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
1972 **
1973 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
1974 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
1975 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
1976 ** will be rolled back automatically.
1977 **
1978 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
1979 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
1980 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
1981 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
1982 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
1983 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
1984 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
1985 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
1986 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
1987 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
1988 **
1989 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
1990 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
1991 */
1992 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
1993 
1994 /*
1995 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
1996 **
1997 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
1998 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
1999 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
2000 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
2001 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
2002 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
2003 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
2004 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
2005 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
2006 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
2007 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
2008 **
2009 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
2010 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
2011 **
2012 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
2013 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
2014 **
2015 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
2016 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
2017 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
2018 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
2019 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
2020 **
2021 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
2022 ** UTF-8 string.
2023 **
2024 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
2025 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
2026 */
2027 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
2028 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
2029 
2030 /*
2031 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
2032 **
2033 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
2034 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
2035 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
2036 ** [database connection] D when another thread
2037 ** or process has the table locked.
2038 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
2039 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
2040 **
2041 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
2042 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
2043 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
2044 **
2045 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
2046 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
2047 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
2048 ** been invoked for the same locking event.  ^If the
2049 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
2050 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
2051 ** to the application.
2052 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
2053 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
2054 **
2055 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
2056 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
2057 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
2058 ** to the application instead of invoking the
2059 ** busy handler.
2060 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
2061 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
2062 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
2063 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
2064 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
2065 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
2066 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
2067 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
2068 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
2069 ** the second process to proceed.
2070 **
2071 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
2072 **
2073 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
2074 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
2075 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
2076 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
2077 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
2078 **
2079 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
2080 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
2081 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
2082 ** result in undefined behavior.
2083 **
2084 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
2085 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
2086 */
2087 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
2088 
2089 /*
2090 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
2091 **
2092 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
2093 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
2094 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
2095 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
2096 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
2097 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
2098 **
2099 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
2100 ** turns off all busy handlers.
2101 **
2102 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
2103 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
2104 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
2105 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
2106 **
2107 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
2108 */
2109 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
2110 
2111 /*
2112 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
2113 **
2114 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
2115 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
2116 **
2117 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
2118 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
2119 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
2120 **
2121 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
2122 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
2123 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
2124 ** and M be the number of columns.
2125 **
2126 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
2127 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
2128 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
2129 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
2130 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
2131 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
2132 **
2133 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
2134 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
2135 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
2136 **
2137 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
2138 ** is as follows:
2139 **
2140 ** <blockquote><pre>
2141 **        Name        | Age
2142 **        -----------------------
2143 **        Alice       | 43
2144 **        Bob         | 28
2145 **        Cindy       | 21
2146 ** </pre></blockquote>
2147 **
2148 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
2149 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
2150 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
2151 **
2152 ** <blockquote><pre>
2153 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
2154 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
2155 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
2156 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
2157 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
2158 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
2159 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
2160 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
2161 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
2162 **
2163 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
2164 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
2165 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
2166 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
2167 **
2168 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
2169 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
2170 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
2171 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
2172 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
2173 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
2174 **
2175 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
2176 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
2177 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
2178 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
2179 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
2180 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
2181 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
2182 */
2183 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_table(
2184   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
2185   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
2186   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
2187   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
2188   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
2189   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
2190 );
2191 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
2192 
2193 /*
2194 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
2195 **
2196 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
2197 ** from the standard C library.
2198 **
2199 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
2200 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
2201 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
2202 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
2203 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
2204 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
2205 **
2206 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
2207 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
2208 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
2209 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
2210 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
2211 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
2212 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
2213 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
2214 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
2215 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
2216 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
2217 ** now without breaking compatibility.
2218 **
2219 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
2220 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
2221 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
2222 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
2223 ** written will be n-1 characters.
2224 **
2225 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
2226 **
2227 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
2228 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
2229 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
2230 ** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
2231 **
2232 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
2233 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
2234 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
2235 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
2236 ** the string.
2237 **
2238 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
2239 **
2240 ** <blockquote><pre>
2241 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
2242 ** </pre></blockquote>
2243 **
2244 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
2245 **
2246 ** <blockquote><pre>
2247 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
2248 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2249 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2250 ** </pre></blockquote>
2251 **
2252 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
2253 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
2254 **
2255 ** <blockquote><pre>
2256 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
2257 ** </pre></blockquote>
2258 **
2259 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
2260 ** would have looked like this:
2261 **
2262 ** <blockquote><pre>
2263 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
2264 ** </pre></blockquote>
2265 **
2266 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
2267 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
2268 **
2269 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
2270 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
2271 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
2272 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
2273 **
2274 ** <blockquote><pre>
2275 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
2276 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
2277 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
2278 ** </pre></blockquote>
2279 **
2280 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
2281 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
2282 **
2283 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
2284 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
2285 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
2286 */
2287 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
2288 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
2289 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
2290 SQLITE_API char *sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
2291 
2292 /*
2293 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
2294 **
2295 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
2296 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
2297 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
2298 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
2299 **
2300 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
2301 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
2302 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
2303 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
2304 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
2305 ** a NULL pointer.
2306 **
2307 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
2308 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
2309 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
2310 **
2311 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
2312 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
2313 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
2314 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
2315 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
2316 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
2317 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
2318 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
2319 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
2320 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
2321 **
2322 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
2323 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
2324 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
2325 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
2326 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
2327 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
2328 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
2329 ** sqlite3_free(X).
2330 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
2331 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
2332 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
2333 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
2334 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
2335 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
2336 ** prior allocation is not freed.
2337 **
2338 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
2339 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
2340 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
2341 **
2342 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
2343 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
2344 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
2345 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
2346 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
2347 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
2348 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
2349 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
2350 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
2351 **
2352 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
2353 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
2354 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
2355 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
2356 ** option is used.
2357 **
2358 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
2359 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
2360 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
2361 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
2362 **
2363 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
2364 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
2365 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
2366 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
2367 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
2368 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
2369 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
2370 **
2371 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2372 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
2373 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
2374 ** not yet been released.
2375 **
2376 ** The application must not read or write any part of
2377 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
2378 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
2379 */
2380 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
2381 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
2382 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
2383 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
2384 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_free(void*);
2385 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);
2386 
2387 /*
2388 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
2389 **
2390 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
2391 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
2392 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
2393 **
2394 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
2395 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
2396 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
2397 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
2398 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
2399 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
2400 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
2401 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
2402 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
2403 **
2404 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
2405 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
2406 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
2407 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
2408 ** prior to the reset.
2409 */
2410 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
2411 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
2412 
2413 /*
2414 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
2415 **
2416 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
2417 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
2418 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
2419 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
2420 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
2421 **
2422 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
2423 ** ^If N is less than one, then P can be a NULL pointer.
2424 **
2425 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
2426 ** call had N less than one, then the PRNG is seeded using randomness
2427 ** obtained from the xRandomness method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
2428 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more then
2429 ** the pseudo-randomness is generated
2430 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
2431 ** method.
2432 */
2433 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
2434 
2435 /*
2436 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
2437 **
2438 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
2439 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
2440 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
2441 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
2442 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
2443 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
2444 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
2445 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
2446 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
2447 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
2448 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
2449 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
2450 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
2451 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
2452 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
2453 **
2454 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
2455 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
2456 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
2457 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
2458 ** access is denied.
2459 **
2460 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
2461 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
2462 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
2463 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
2464 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
2465 ** details about the action to be authorized.
2466 **
2467 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
2468 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
2469 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
2470 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
2471 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
2472 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
2473 ** columns of a table.
2474 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
2475 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
2476 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
2477 **
2478 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
2479 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
2480 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
2481 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
2482 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
2483 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
2484 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
2485 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
2486 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
2487 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
2488 **
2489 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
2490 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
2491 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
2492 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
2493 **
2494 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
2495 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
2496 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
2497 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
2498 **
2499 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
2500 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
2501 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2502 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2503 **
2504 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
2505 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
2506 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
2507 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
2508 **
2509 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
2510 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
2511 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
2512 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
2513 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
2514 */
2515 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
2516   sqlite3*,
2517   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
2518   void *pUserData
2519 );
2520 
2521 /*
2522 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
2523 **
2524 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
2525 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
2526 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
2527 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
2528 ** information.
2529 **
2530 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
2531 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
2532 */
2533 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
2534 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
2535 
2536 /*
2537 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
2538 **
2539 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
2540 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
2541 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
2542 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
2543 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
2544 **
2545 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
2546 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
2547 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
2548 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
2549 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
2550 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
2551 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
2552 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
2553 ** top-level SQL code.
2554 */
2555 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
2556 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2557 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2558 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2559 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2560 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2561 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
2562 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2563 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
2564 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2565 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2566 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2567 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
2568 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2569 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2570 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
2571 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
2572 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
2573 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2574 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
2575 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2576 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
2577 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
2578 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
2579 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
2580 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
2581 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
2582 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
2583 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
2584 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2585 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
2586 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
2587 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
2588 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
2589 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
2590 
2591 /*
2592 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
2593 **
2594 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
2595 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
2596 **
2597 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
2598 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
2599 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
2600 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
2601 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
2602 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
2603 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
2604 **
2605 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
2606 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
2607 **
2608 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
2609 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
2610 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
2611 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
2612 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
2613 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
2614 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
2615 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
2616 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
2617 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
2618 */
2619 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
2620 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
2621    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
2622 
2623 /*
2624 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
2625 **
2626 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
2627 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
2628 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
2629 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
2630 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
2631 **
2632 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
2633 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
2634 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
2635 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
2636 ** handler is disabled.
2637 **
2638 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
2639 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
2640 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
2641 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
2642 ** than 1.
2643 **
2644 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
2645 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
2646 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
2647 **
2648 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
2649 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
2650 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
2651 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
2652 **
2653 */
2654 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
2655 
2656 /*
2657 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
2658 **
2659 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
2660 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
2661 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
2662 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
2663 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
2664 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
2665 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
2666 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
2667 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
2668 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
2669 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
2670 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
2671 **
2672 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
2673 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
2674 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
2675 **
2676 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
2677 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
2678 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
2679 **
2680 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
2681 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
2682 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
2683 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
2684 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
2685 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
2686 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
2687 **
2688 ** <dl>
2689 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
2690 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
2691 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
2692 **
2693 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
2694 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
2695 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
2696 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
2697 **
2698 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
2699 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
2700 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
2701 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
2702 ** </dl>
2703 **
2704 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
2705 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
2706 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
2707 ** then the behavior is undefined.
2708 **
2709 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
2710 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
2711 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
2712 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
2713 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
2714 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
2715 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
2716 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
2717 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
2718 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
2719 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
2720 **
2721 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
2722 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
2723 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
2724 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
2725 **
2726 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
2727 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
2728 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
2729 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
2730 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
2731 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
2732 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
2733 **
2734 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
2735 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
2736 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
2737 **
2738 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
2739 **
2740 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
2741 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
2742 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
2743 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
2744 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
2745 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
2746 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
2747 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
2748 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
2749 ** information.
2750 **
2751 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
2752 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
2753 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
2754 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
2755 ** present, is ignored.
2756 **
2757 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
2758 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
2759 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
2760 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
2761 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
2762 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
2763 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
2764 **
2765 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
2766 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
2767 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
2768 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
2769 ** following query parameters:
2770 **
2771 ** <ul>
2772 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
2773 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
2774 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
2775 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
2776 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
2777 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
2778 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2779 **
2780 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
2781 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
2782 **     an error)^.
2783 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
2784 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
2785 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
2786 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
2787 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
2788 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
2789 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
2790 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
2791 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
2792 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
2793 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
2794 **
2795 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
2796 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
2797 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
2798 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
2799 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
2800 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
2801 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
2802 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
2803 **
2804 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
2805 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
2806 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
2807 **
2808 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
2809 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
2810 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
2811 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
2812 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
2813 **     processes uses nolock=1.
2814 **
2815 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
2816 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
2817 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
2818 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
2819 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
2820 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
2821 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
2822 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
2823 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
2824 **
2825 ** </ul>
2826 **
2827 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
2828 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
2829 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
2830 ** additional information.
2831 **
2832 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
2833 **
2834 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
2835 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
2836 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
2837 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
2838 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
2839 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
2840 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
2841 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
2842 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
2843 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
2844 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
2845 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
2846 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
2847 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
2848 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
2849 **          in URI filenames.
2850 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
2851 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
2852 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
2853 **          default, use a private cache.
2854 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
2855 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
2856 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
2857 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
2858 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
2859 ** </table>
2860 **
2861 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
2862 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
2863 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
2864 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
2865 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
2866 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
2867 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
2868 ** the results are undefined.
2869 **
2870 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
2871 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
2872 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
2873 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
2874 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
2875 **
2876 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
2877 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
2878 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
2879 **
2880 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
2881 */
2882 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open(
2883   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2884   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2885 );
2886 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open16(
2887   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
2888   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2889 );
2890 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_open_v2(
2891   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
2892   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
2893   int flags,              /* Flags */
2894   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
2895 );
2896 
2897 /*
2898 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
2899 **
2900 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
2901 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
2902 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
2903 **
2904 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
2905 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
2906 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
2907 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
2908 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
2909 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
2910 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
2911 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
2912 ** a pointer to an empty string.
2913 **
2914 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
2915 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
2916 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
2917 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
2918 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
2919 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
2920 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
2921 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
2922 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
2923 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
2924 **
2925 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
2926 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
2927 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
2928 ** zero is returned.
2929 **
2930 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
2931 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
2932 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
2933 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
2934 ** undesirable.
2935 */
2936 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
2937 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
2938 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
2939 
2940 
2941 /*
2942 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
2943 **
2944 ** ^The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric [result code] or
2945 ** [extended result code] for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call
2946 ** associated with a [database connection]. If a prior API call failed
2947 ** but the most recent API call succeeded, the return value from
2948 ** sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.  ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
2949 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
2950 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
2951 ** disabled.
2952 **
2953 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
2954 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
2955 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
2956 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
2957 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
2958 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
2959 **
2960 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
2961 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
2962 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
2963 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
2964 **
2965 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
2966 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
2967 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
2968 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
2969 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
2970 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
2971 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
2972 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
2973 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
2974 **
2975 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
2976 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
2977 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
2978 */
2979 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2980 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
2981 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
2982 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
2983 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_errstr(int);
2984 
2985 /*
2986 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object
2987 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
2988 **
2989 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement.
2990 ** This object is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a
2991 ** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
2992 **
2993 ** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
2994 **
2995 ** <ol>
2996 ** <li> Create the object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or a related
2997 **      function.
2998 ** <li> Bind values to [host parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
2999 **      interfaces.
3000 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
3001 ** <li> Reset the statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
3002 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
3003 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
3004 ** </ol>
3005 **
3006 ** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
3007 ** information.
3008 */
3009 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
3010 
3011 /*
3012 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
3013 **
3014 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
3015 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
3016 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
3017 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
3018 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
3019 ** new limit for that construct.)^
3020 **
3021 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
3022 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
3023 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
3024 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
3025 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
3026 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
3027 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
3028 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
3029 **
3030 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
3031 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
3032 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
3033 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
3034 **
3035 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
3036 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
3037 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
3038 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
3039 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
3040 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
3041 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
3042 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
3043 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
3044 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
3045 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
3046 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
3047 **
3048 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
3049 */
3050 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
3051 
3052 /*
3053 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
3054 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
3055 **
3056 ** These constants define various performance limits
3057 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
3058 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
3059 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
3060 **
3061 ** <dl>
3062 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
3063 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
3064 **
3065 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
3066 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
3067 **
3068 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
3069 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
3070 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
3071 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
3072 **
3073 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
3074 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
3075 **
3076 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
3077 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
3078 **
3079 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
3080 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
3081 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
3082 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
3083 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
3084 **
3085 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
3086 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
3087 **
3088 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
3089 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
3090 **
3091 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
3092 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
3093 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
3094 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
3095 **
3096 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
3097 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
3098 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
3099 **
3100 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
3101 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
3102 **
3103 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
3104 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
3105 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
3106 ** </dl>
3107 */
3108 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
3109 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
3110 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
3111 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
3112 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
3113 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
3114 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
3115 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
3116 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
3117 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
3118 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
3119 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
3120 
3121 /*
3122 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
3123 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
3124 **
3125 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
3126 ** program using one of these routines.
3127 **
3128 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
3129 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
3130 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
3131 **
3132 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
3133 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
3134 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
3135 ** use UTF-16.
3136 **
3137 ** ^If the nByte argument is less than zero, then zSql is read up to the
3138 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum
3139 ** number of  bytes read from zSql.  ^When nByte is non-negative, the
3140 ** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' or '\u0000' character or
3141 ** the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. If the caller knows
3142 ** that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then there is a small
3143 ** performance advantage to be gained by passing an nByte parameter that
3144 ** is equal to the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
3145 ** the nul-terminator bytes as this saves SQLite from having to
3146 ** make a copy of the input string.
3147 **
3148 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
3149 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
3150 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
3151 ** what remains uncompiled.
3152 **
3153 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
3154 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
3155 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
3156 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
3157 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
3158 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
3159 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
3160 **
3161 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
3162 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
3163 **
3164 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
3165 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
3166 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
3167 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
3168 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
3169 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
3170 ** behave differently in three ways:
3171 **
3172 ** <ol>
3173 ** <li>
3174 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
3175 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
3176 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
3177 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
3178 ** </li>
3179 **
3180 ** <li>
3181 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
3182 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
3183 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
3184 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
3185 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
3186 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
3187 ** </li>
3188 **
3189 ** <li>
3190 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
3191 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
3192 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
3193 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
3194 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
3195 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
3196 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
3197 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
3198 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
3199 ** </li>
3200 ** </ol>
3201 */
3202 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
3203   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3204   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3205   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3206   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3207   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3208 );
3209 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
3210   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3211   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
3212   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3213   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3214   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3215 );
3216 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
3217   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3218   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3219   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3220   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3221   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3222 );
3223 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
3224   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
3225   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
3226   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
3227   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
3228   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
3229 );
3230 
3231 /*
3232 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
3233 **
3234 ** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
3235 ** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
3236 ** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3237 */
3238 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3239 
3240 /*
3241 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
3242 **
3243 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
3244 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
3245 ** the content of the database file.
3246 **
3247 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
3248 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
3249 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
3250 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
3251 ** change the database file through side-effects:
3252 **
3253 ** <blockquote><pre>
3254 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
3255 ** </pre></blockquote>
3256 **
3257 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
3258 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
3259 **
3260 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
3261 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
3262 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
3263 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
3264 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
3265 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
3266 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
3267 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
3268 */
3269 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3270 
3271 /*
3272 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
3273 **
3274 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
3275 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
3276 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has not run to completion and/or has not
3277 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
3278 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
3279 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
3280 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
3281 **
3282 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
3283 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
3284 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
3285 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
3286 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
3287 */
3288 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
3289 
3290 /*
3291 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
3292 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
3293 **
3294 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
3295 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
3296 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
3297 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
3298 **
3299 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
3300 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
3301 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
3302 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
3303 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.
3304 **
3305 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
3306 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
3307 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
3308 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
3309 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
3310 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
3311 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
3312 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
3313 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
3314 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
3315 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
3316 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
3317 **
3318 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
3319 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
3320 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
3321 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
3322 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
3323 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
3324 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
3325 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
3326 */
3327 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
3328 
3329 /*
3330 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
3331 **
3332 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
3333 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
3334 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
3335 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
3336 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
3337 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
3338 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
3339 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
3340 */
3341 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
3342 
3343 /*
3344 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
3345 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
3346 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
3347 **
3348 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
3349 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
3350 ** templates:
3351 **
3352 ** <ul>
3353 ** <li>  ?
3354 ** <li>  ?NNN
3355 ** <li>  :VVV
3356 ** <li>  @VVV
3357 ** <li>  $VVV
3358 ** </ul>
3359 **
3360 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
3361 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
3362 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
3363 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
3364 **
3365 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
3366 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
3367 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
3368 **
3369 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
3370 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
3371 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
3372 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
3373 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
3374 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
3375 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
3376 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
3377 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
3378 **
3379 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
3380 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3381 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
3382 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
3383 **
3384 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
3385 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
3386 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
3387 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
3388 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
3389 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
3390 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
3391 ** the behavior is undefined.
3392 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
3393 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
3394 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
3395 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
3396 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
3397 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
3398 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
3399 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
3400 **
3401 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
3402 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
3403 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
3404 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
3405 ** ^If the fifth argument is
3406 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
3407 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
3408 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
3409 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
3410 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
3411 **
3412 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
3413 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
3414 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
3415 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
3416 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
3417 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
3418 ** is undefined.
3419 **
3420 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
3421 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
3422 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
3423 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
3424 ** content is later written using
3425 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
3426 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
3427 **
3428 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
3429 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
3430 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
3431 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
3432 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
3433 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
3434 **
3435 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
3436 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
3437 **
3438 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
3439 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
3440 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
3441 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
3442 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
3443 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
3444 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
3445 **
3446 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
3447 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3448 */
3449 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
3450 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
3451                         void(*)(void*));
3452 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
3453 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
3454 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
3455 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3456 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
3457 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
3458 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
3459                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
3460 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
3461 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
3462 
3463 /*
3464 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
3465 **
3466 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
3467 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
3468 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
3469 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
3470 ** to the parameters at a later time.
3471 **
3472 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
3473 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
3474 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
3475 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
3476 **
3477 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3478 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
3479 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3480 */
3481 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
3482 
3483 /*
3484 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
3485 **
3486 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
3487 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
3488 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3489 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
3490 ** respectively.
3491 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
3492 ** is included as part of the name.)^
3493 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
3494 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
3495 **
3496 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
3497 **
3498 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
3499 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
3500 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
3501 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
3502 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3503 **
3504 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3505 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3506 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3507 */
3508 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
3509 
3510 /*
3511 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
3512 **
3513 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
3514 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
3515 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
3516 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
3517 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
3518 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
3519 **
3520 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
3521 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
3522 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
3523 */
3524 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
3525 
3526 /*
3527 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
3528 **
3529 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
3530 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
3531 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
3532 */
3533 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
3534 
3535 /*
3536 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
3537 **
3538 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
3539 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
3540 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
3541 **
3542 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
3543 */
3544 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3545 
3546 /*
3547 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
3548 **
3549 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
3550 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
3551 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
3552 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
3553 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
3554 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
3555 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
3556 **
3557 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
3558 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3559 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3560 ** or until the next call to
3561 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
3562 **
3563 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
3564 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
3565 ** NULL pointer is returned.
3566 **
3567 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
3568 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
3569 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
3570 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
3571 */
3572 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3573 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
3574 
3575 /*
3576 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
3577 **
3578 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
3579 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
3580 ** [SELECT] statement.
3581 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
3582 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
3583 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
3584 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
3585 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
3586 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
3587 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
3588 ** or until the same information is requested
3589 ** again in a different encoding.
3590 **
3591 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
3592 ** database, table, and column.
3593 **
3594 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
3595 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
3596 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
3597 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
3598 **
3599 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
3600 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
3601 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
3602 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
3603 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
3604 **
3605 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
3606 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
3607 **
3608 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
3609 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
3610 **
3611 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
3612 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
3613 ** undefined.
3614 **
3615 ** If two or more threads call one or more
3616 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
3617 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
3618 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
3619 */
3620 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3621 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3622 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3623 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3624 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3625 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3626 
3627 /*
3628 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
3629 **
3630 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
3631 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
3632 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
3633 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
3634 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
3635 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
3636 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
3637 **
3638 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
3639 **
3640 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
3641 **
3642 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
3643 **
3644 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
3645 **
3646 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
3647 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
3648 **
3649 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
3650 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
3651 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
3652 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
3653 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
3654 ** used to hold those values.
3655 */
3656 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3657 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
3658 
3659 /*
3660 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
3661 **
3662 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
3663 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
3664 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
3665 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
3666 **
3667 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
3668 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
3669 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
3670 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
3671 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
3672 ** interface will continue to be supported.
3673 **
3674 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
3675 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
3676 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
3677 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
3678 **
3679 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
3680 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
3681 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
3682 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
3683 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
3684 ** continuing.
3685 **
3686 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
3687 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
3688 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
3689 ** machine back to its initial state.
3690 **
3691 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
3692 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
3693 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
3694 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
3695 **
3696 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
3697 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
3698 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
3699 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
3700 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
3701 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
3702 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
3703 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
3704 **
3705 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
3706 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
3707 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
3708 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
3709 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
3710 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
3711 **
3712 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
3713 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
3714 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
3715 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
3716 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
3717 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
3718 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
3719 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
3720 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
3721 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
3722 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
3723 **
3724 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
3725 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
3726 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
3727 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
3728 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
3729 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
3730 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
3731 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
3732 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
3733 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
3734 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
3735 */
3736 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
3737 
3738 /*
3739 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
3740 **
3741 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
3742 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
3743 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
3744 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
3745 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
3746 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
3747 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
3748 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
3749 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
3750 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
3751 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
3752 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
3753 **
3754 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
3755 */
3756 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3757 
3758 /*
3759 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
3760 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
3761 **
3762 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
3763 **
3764 ** <ul>
3765 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
3766 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
3767 ** <li> string
3768 ** <li> BLOB
3769 ** <li> NULL
3770 ** </ul>)^
3771 **
3772 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
3773 **
3774 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
3775 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
3776 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
3777 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
3778 */
3779 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
3780 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
3781 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
3782 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
3783 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
3784 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
3785 #else
3786 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
3787 #endif
3788 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
3789 
3790 /*
3791 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
3792 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
3793 **
3794 ** These routines form the "result set" interface.
3795 **
3796 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
3797 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
3798 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
3799 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
3800 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
3801 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
3802 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
3803 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
3804 **
3805 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
3806 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
3807 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
3808 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
3809 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
3810 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
3811 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
3812 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
3813 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
3814 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
3815 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
3816 **
3817 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
3818 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
3819 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
3820 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
3821 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
3822 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
3823 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
3824 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
3825 ** following a type conversion.
3826 **
3827 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
3828 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3829 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
3830 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
3831 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
3832 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
3833 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3834 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
3835 **
3836 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
3837 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
3838 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
3839 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
3840 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
3841 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
3842 ** the number of bytes in that string.
3843 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
3844 **
3845 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
3846 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
3847 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
3848 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
3849 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
3850 **
3851 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
3852 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
3853 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
3854 **
3855 ** ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
3856 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  An unprotected sqlite3_value object
3857 ** may only be used with [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
3858 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
3859 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
3860 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
3861 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], then the behavior is undefined.
3862 **
3863 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
3864 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
3865 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
3866 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
3867 ** that are applied:
3868 **
3869 ** <blockquote>
3870 ** <table border="1">
3871 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
3872 **
3873 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
3874 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
3875 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3876 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
3877 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
3878 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
3879 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
3880 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3881 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
3882 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
3883 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3884 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3885 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
3886 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
3887 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
3888 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
3889 ** </table>
3890 ** </blockquote>)^
3891 **
3892 ** The table above makes reference to standard C library functions atoi()
3893 ** and atof().  SQLite does not really use these functions.  It has its
3894 ** own equivalent internal routines.  The atoi() and atof() names are
3895 ** used in the table for brevity and because they are familiar to most
3896 ** C programmers.
3897 **
3898 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
3899 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
3900 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
3901 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
3902 ** in the following cases:
3903 **
3904 ** <ul>
3905 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
3906 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
3907 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
3908 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
3909 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
3910 **      to UTF-16.</li>
3911 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3912 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
3913 **      to UTF-8.</li>
3914 ** </ul>
3915 **
3916 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
3917 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
3918 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
3919 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
3920 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
3921 **
3922 ** The safest and easiest to remember policy is to invoke these routines
3923 ** in one of the following ways:
3924 **
3925 ** <ul>
3926 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3927 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
3928 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
3929 ** </ul>
3930 **
3931 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
3932 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
3933 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
3934 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
3935 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
3936 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
3937 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
3938 **
3939 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
3940 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
3941 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
3942 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <b>not</b> pass the pointers returned
3943 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
3944 ** [sqlite3_free()].
3945 **
3946 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
3947 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
3948 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
3949 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
3950 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
3951 */
3952 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3953 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3954 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3955 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3956 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3957 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3958 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3959 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3960 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3961 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
3962 
3963 /*
3964 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
3965 **
3966 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
3967 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
3968 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
3969 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
3970 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
3971 ** [extended error code].
3972 **
3973 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
3974 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
3975 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
3976 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
3977 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
3978 ** completed execution.
3979 **
3980 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
3981 **
3982 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
3983 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
3984 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
3985 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
3986 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
3987 */
3988 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
3989 
3990 /*
3991 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
3992 **
3993 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
3994 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
3995 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
3996 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
3997 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
3998 **
3999 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
4000 ** back to the beginning of its program.
4001 **
4002 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4003 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
4004 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
4005 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
4006 **
4007 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
4008 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
4009 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
4010 **
4011 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
4012 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
4013 */
4014 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4015 
4016 /*
4017 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
4018 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
4019 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
4020 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
4021 **
4022 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
4023 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
4024 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
4025 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
4026 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
4027 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
4028 ** the application data pointer.
4029 **
4030 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
4031 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
4032 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
4033 ** to each database connection separately.
4034 **
4035 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
4036 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
4037 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
4038 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
4039 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
4040 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
4041 **
4042 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
4043 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
4044 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
4045 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
4046 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
4047 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
4048 ** undefined.
4049 **
4050 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
4051 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
4052 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
4053 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
4054 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
4055 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
4056 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
4057 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
4058 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
4059 ** each encoding.
4060 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
4061 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
4062 **
4063 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
4064 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
4065 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
4066 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
4067 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
4068 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
4069 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
4070 **
4071 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
4072 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
4073 **
4074 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
4075 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
4076 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
4077 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
4078 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
4079 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
4080 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
4081 ** callbacks.
4082 **
4083 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
4084 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
4085 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
4086 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
4087 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
4088 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
4089 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
4090 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
4091 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
4092 **
4093 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
4094 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
4095 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
4096 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
4097 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
4098 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
4099 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
4100 ** matches the database encoding is a better
4101 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
4102 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
4103 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
4104 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
4105 **
4106 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
4107 **
4108 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
4109 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
4110 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
4111 ** statement in which the function is running.
4112 */
4113 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function(
4114   sqlite3 *db,
4115   const char *zFunctionName,
4116   int nArg,
4117   int eTextRep,
4118   void *pApp,
4119   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4120   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4121   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4122 );
4123 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function16(
4124   sqlite3 *db,
4125   const void *zFunctionName,
4126   int nArg,
4127   int eTextRep,
4128   void *pApp,
4129   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4130   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4131   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
4132 );
4133 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_function_v2(
4134   sqlite3 *db,
4135   const char *zFunctionName,
4136   int nArg,
4137   int eTextRep,
4138   void *pApp,
4139   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4140   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
4141   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
4142   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4143 );
4144 
4145 /*
4146 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
4147 **
4148 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
4149 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
4150 */
4151 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1
4152 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
4153 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3
4154 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
4155 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
4156 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
4157 
4158 /*
4159 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
4160 **
4161 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
4162 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
4163 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
4164 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
4165 */
4166 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
4167 
4168 /*
4169 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
4170 ** DEPRECATED
4171 **
4172 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
4173 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
4174 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
4175 ** the use of these functions.  To help encourage people to avoid
4176 ** using these functions, we are not going to tell you what they do.
4177 */
4178 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
4179 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
4180 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
4181 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
4182 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
4183 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
4184 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
4185                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
4186 #endif
4187 
4188 /*
4189 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values
4190 **
4191 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
4192 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
4193 ** the function or aggregate.
4194 **
4195 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
4196 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4197 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
4198 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
4199 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
4200 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
4201 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
4202 **
4203 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
4204 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
4205 ** object results in undefined behavior.
4206 **
4207 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
4208 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
4209 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
4210 **
4211 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
4212 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
4213 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
4214 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
4215 **
4216 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
4217 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
4218 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
4219 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
4220 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
4221 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
4222 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
4223 **
4224 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
4225 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
4226 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
4227 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
4228 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
4229 **
4230 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
4231 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
4232 */
4233 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
4234 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
4235 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
4236 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
4237 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
4238 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
4239 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
4240 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
4241 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
4242 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
4243 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
4244 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
4245 
4246 /*
4247 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
4248 **
4249 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
4250 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
4251 **
4252 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
4253 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
4254 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
4255 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
4256 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
4257 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
4258 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
4259 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
4260 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
4261 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
4262 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
4263 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
4264 **
4265 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
4266 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
4267 ** allocate error occurs.
4268 **
4269 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
4270 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
4271 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
4272 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
4273 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
4274 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
4275 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
4276 **
4277 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
4278 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
4279 **
4280 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
4281 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
4282 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
4283 ** function.
4284 **
4285 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4286 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
4287 */
4288 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
4289 
4290 /*
4291 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
4292 **
4293 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
4294 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
4295 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4296 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4297 ** registered the application defined function.
4298 **
4299 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
4300 ** the application-defined function is running.
4301 */
4302 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
4303 
4304 /*
4305 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
4306 **
4307 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
4308 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
4309 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
4310 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
4311 ** registered the application defined function.
4312 */
4313 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
4314 
4315 /*
4316 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
4317 **
4318 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
4319 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
4320 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
4321 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
4322 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
4323 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
4324 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
4325 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
4326 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
4327 ** invocations of the same function.
4328 **
4329 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
4330 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
4331 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
4332 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
4333 ** returns a NULL pointer.
4334 **
4335 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
4336 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
4337 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
4338 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
4339 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
4340 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
4341 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
4342 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
4343 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
4344 ** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
4345 ** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
4346 **      SQL statement, or
4347 ** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
4348 ** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
4349 **      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
4350 **
4351 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
4352 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
4353 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
4354 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
4355 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
4356 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
4357 **
4358 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
4359 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
4360 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
4361 **
4362 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
4363 ** the SQL function is running.
4364 */
4365 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
4366 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
4367 
4368 
4369 /*
4370 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
4371 **
4372 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
4373 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
4374 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
4375 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
4376 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
4377 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
4378 ** the content before returning.
4379 **
4380 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
4381 ** C++ compilers.
4382 */
4383 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
4384 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
4385 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
4386 
4387 /*
4388 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
4389 **
4390 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
4391 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
4392 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
4393 ** for additional information.
4394 **
4395 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
4396 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
4397 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
4398 **
4399 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
4400 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
4401 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
4402 ** third parameter.
4403 **
4404 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob() interfaces set the result of
4405 ** the application-defined function to be a BLOB containing all zero
4406 ** bytes and N bytes in size, where N is the value of the 2nd parameter.
4407 **
4408 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
4409 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
4410 ** by its 2nd argument.
4411 **
4412 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
4413 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
4414 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
4415 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
4416 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
4417 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
4418 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
4419 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
4420 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
4421 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
4422 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
4423 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
4424 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
4425 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
4426 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
4427 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
4428 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
4429 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
4430 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
4431 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
4432 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
4433 **
4434 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4435 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
4436 **
4437 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
4438 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
4439 **
4440 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
4441 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
4442 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4443 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
4444 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
4445 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
4446 **
4447 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
4448 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
4449 **
4450 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
4451 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
4452 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
4453 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
4454 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
4455 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
4456 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
4457 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
4458 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
4459 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
4460 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
4461 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4462 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
4463 ** through the first zero character.
4464 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4465 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
4466 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
4467 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
4468 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
4469 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
4470 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
4471 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
4472 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
4473 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4474 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
4475 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
4476 ** finished using that result.
4477 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
4478 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
4479 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
4480 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
4481 ** when it has finished using that result.
4482 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
4483 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
4484 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
4485 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
4486 **
4487 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
4488 ** the application-defined function to be a copy the
4489 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
4490 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
4491 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
4492 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
4493 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
4494 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
4495 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
4496 **
4497 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
4498 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
4499 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
4500 */
4501 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4502 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
4503 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
4504 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
4505 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
4506 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
4507 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
4508 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
4509 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
4510 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
4511 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
4512 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
4513 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
4514                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
4515 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
4516 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4517 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
4518 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
4519 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
4520 
4521 /*
4522 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
4523 **
4524 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
4525 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
4526 **
4527 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
4528 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
4529 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
4530 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
4531 ** considered to be the same name.
4532 **
4533 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
4534 ** <ul>
4535 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
4536 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
4537 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4538 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
4539 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
4540 ** </ul>)^
4541 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
4542 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
4543 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
4544 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
4545 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
4546 ** on an even byte address.
4547 **
4548 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
4549 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
4550 **
4551 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
4552 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
4553 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
4554 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
4555 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
4556 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
4557 ** that collation is no longer usable.
4558 **
4559 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
4560 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
4561 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
4562 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
4563 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
4564 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
4565 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
4566 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
4567 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
4568 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
4569 ** strings A, B, and C:
4570 **
4571 ** <ol>
4572 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
4573 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
4574 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
4575 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
4576 ** </ol>
4577 **
4578 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
4579 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
4580 ** is undefined.
4581 **
4582 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
4583 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
4584 ** the collating function is deleted.
4585 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
4586 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
4587 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
4588 **
4589 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
4590 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
4591 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
4592 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
4593 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
4594 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
4595 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
4596 ** compatibility.
4597 **
4598 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
4599 */
4600 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation(
4601   sqlite3*,
4602   const char *zName,
4603   int eTextRep,
4604   void *pArg,
4605   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4606 );
4607 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
4608   sqlite3*,
4609   const char *zName,
4610   int eTextRep,
4611   void *pArg,
4612   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
4613   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
4614 );
4615 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_collation16(
4616   sqlite3*,
4617   const void *zName,
4618   int eTextRep,
4619   void *pArg,
4620   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
4621 );
4622 
4623 /*
4624 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
4625 **
4626 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
4627 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
4628 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
4629 ** sequence is required.
4630 **
4631 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
4632 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
4633 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
4634 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
4635 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
4636 **
4637 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
4638 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
4639 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
4640 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
4641 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
4642 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
4643 ** required collation sequence.)^
4644 **
4645 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
4646 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
4647 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
4648 */
4649 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed(
4650   sqlite3*,
4651   void*,
4652   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
4653 );
4654 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_collation_needed16(
4655   sqlite3*,
4656   void*,
4657   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
4658 );
4659 
4660 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
4661 /*
4662 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
4663 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
4664 **
4665 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4666 ** of SQLite.
4667 */
4668 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key(
4669   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4670   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4671 );
4672 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_key_v2(
4673   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4674   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4675   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
4676 );
4677 
4678 /*
4679 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
4680 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
4681 ** database is decrypted.
4682 **
4683 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
4684 ** of SQLite.
4685 */
4686 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey(
4687   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4688   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4689 );
4690 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rekey_v2(
4691   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
4692   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
4693   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
4694 );
4695 
4696 /*
4697 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
4698 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
4699 */
4700 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_see(
4701   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4702 );
4703 #endif
4704 
4705 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
4706 /*
4707 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
4708 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
4709 */
4710 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_activate_cerod(
4711   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
4712 );
4713 #endif
4714 
4715 /*
4716 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
4717 **
4718 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
4719 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
4720 **
4721 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
4722 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
4723 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
4724 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
4725 **
4726 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
4727 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
4728 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
4729 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
4730 ** in the previous paragraphs.
4731 */
4732 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_sleep(int);
4733 
4734 /*
4735 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
4736 **
4737 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4738 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
4739 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
4740 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
4741 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
4742 ** temporary file directory.
4743 **
4744 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
4745 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
4746 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
4747 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
4748 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
4749 ** be avoided in new projects.
4750 **
4751 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4752 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4753 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4754 ** thread.
4755 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4756 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4757 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4758 ** thereafter.
4759 **
4760 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4761 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4762 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4763 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4764 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4765 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4766 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4767 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4768 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4769 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
4770 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
4771 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
4772 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
4773 ** objects have been destroyed.
4774 **
4775 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
4776 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
4777 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
4778 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
4779 **
4780 ** <blockquote><pre>
4781 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
4782 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
4783 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
4784 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
4785 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
4786 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
4787 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
4788 ** </pre></blockquote>
4789 */
4790 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
4791 
4792 /*
4793 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
4794 **
4795 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
4796 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
4797 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
4798 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
4799 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
4800 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
4801 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
4802 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
4803 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
4804 **
4805 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
4806 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
4807 **
4808 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
4809 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
4810 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
4811 ** thread.
4812 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
4813 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
4814 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
4815 ** thereafter.
4816 **
4817 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
4818 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
4819 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
4820 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
4821 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
4822 ** using [sqlite3_free].
4823 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
4824 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
4825 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
4826 */
4827 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
4828 
4829 /*
4830 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
4831 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
4832 **
4833 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
4834 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
4835 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
4836 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
4837 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
4838 **
4839 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
4840 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
4841 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
4842 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
4843 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
4844 ** an error is to use this function.
4845 **
4846 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
4847 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
4848 ** is undefined.
4849 */
4850 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
4851 
4852 /*
4853 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
4854 **
4855 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
4856 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
4857 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
4858 ** that was the first argument
4859 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
4860 ** create the statement in the first place.
4861 */
4862 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
4863 
4864 /*
4865 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
4866 **
4867 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
4868 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
4869 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
4870 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
4871 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
4872 **
4873 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
4874 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
4875 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
4876 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
4877 */
4878 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4879 
4880 /*
4881 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
4882 **
4883 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
4884 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
4885 ** the name of a database on connection D.
4886 */
4887 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
4888 
4889 /*
4890 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
4891 **
4892 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
4893 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
4894 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
4895 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
4896 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
4897 **
4898 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
4899 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
4900 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
4901 */
4902 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
4903 
4904 /*
4905 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
4906 **
4907 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
4908 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
4909 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
4910 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
4911 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
4912 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
4913 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
4914 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
4915 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
4916 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
4917 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
4918 **
4919 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
4920 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
4921 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4922 ** the first call for each function on D.
4923 **
4924 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
4925 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
4926 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
4927 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4928 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
4929 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
4930 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
4931 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
4932 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4933 **
4934 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
4935 **
4936 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
4937 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
4938 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
4939 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
4940 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
4941 **
4942 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
4943 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
4944 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
4945 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
4946 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
4947 **
4948 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
4949 */
4950 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
4951 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
4952 
4953 /*
4954 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
4955 **
4956 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
4957 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
4958 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
4959 ** a rowid table.
4960 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
4961 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
4962 **
4963 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
4964 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
4965 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
4966 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
4967 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
4968 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
4969 ** to be invoked.
4970 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
4971 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
4972 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
4973 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
4974 **
4975 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
4976 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
4977 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
4978 **
4979 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
4980 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
4981 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
4982 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
4983 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
4984 ** release of SQLite.
4985 **
4986 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
4987 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
4988 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
4989 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
4990 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
4991 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
4992 **
4993 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
4994 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
4995 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
4996 ** the first call on D.
4997 **
4998 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
4999 ** interfaces.
5000 */
5001 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_update_hook(
5002   sqlite3*,
5003   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
5004   void*
5005 );
5006 
5007 /*
5008 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
5009 **
5010 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
5011 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
5012 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
5013 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
5014 **
5015 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
5016 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
5017 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
5018 **
5019 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
5020 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
5021 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
5022 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
5023 **
5024 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
5025 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
5026 **
5027 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
5028 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
5029 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
5030 **
5031 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
5032 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
5033 **
5034 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
5035 */
5036 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
5037 
5038 /*
5039 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
5040 **
5041 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
5042 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
5043 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
5044 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
5045 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
5046 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
5047 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
5048 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5049 **
5050 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
5051 */
5052 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_release_memory(int);
5053 
5054 /*
5055 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
5056 **
5057 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
5058 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
5059 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
5060 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
5061 ** omitted.
5062 **
5063 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
5064 */
5065 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
5066 
5067 /*
5068 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
5069 **
5070 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
5071 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
5072 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
5073 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
5074 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
5075 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
5076 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
5077 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
5078 ** is advisory only.
5079 **
5080 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
5081 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
5082 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
5083 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
5084 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
5085 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
5086 **
5087 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
5088 **
5089 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
5090 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
5091 **
5092 ** <ul>
5093 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
5094 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
5095 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
5096 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
5097 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
5098 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
5099 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
5100 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
5101 **      from the heap.
5102 ** </ul>)^
5103 **
5104 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
5105 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
5106 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
5107 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
5108 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
5109 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
5110 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
5111 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
5112 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
5113 **
5114 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
5115 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
5116 */
5117 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
5118 
5119 /*
5120 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
5121 ** DEPRECATED
5122 **
5123 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
5124 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
5125 ** only.  All new applications should use the
5126 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
5127 */
5128 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
5129 
5130 
5131 /*
5132 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
5133 **
5134 ** ^This routine returns metadata about a specific column of a specific
5135 ** database table accessible using the [database connection] handle
5136 ** passed as the first function argument.
5137 **
5138 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
5139 ** this function. ^The second parameter is either the name of the database
5140 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
5141 ** table or NULL. ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
5142 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
5143 ** resolve unqualified table references.
5144 **
5145 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
5146 ** name of the desired column, respectively. Neither of these parameters
5147 ** may be NULL.
5148 **
5149 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
5150 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
5151 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
5152 **
5153 ** ^(<blockquote>
5154 ** <table border="1">
5155 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
5156 **
5157 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
5158 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
5159 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
5160 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
5161 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
5162 ** </table>
5163 ** </blockquote>)^
5164 **
5165 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
5166 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid only until the next
5167 ** call to any SQLite API function.
5168 **
5169 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
5170 **
5171 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and an
5172 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
5173 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
5174 ** explicitly declared [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the output
5175 ** parameters are set as follows:
5176 **
5177 ** <pre>
5178 **     data type: "INTEGER"
5179 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
5180 **     not null: 0
5181 **     primary key: 1
5182 **     auto increment: 0
5183 ** </pre>)^
5184 **
5185 ** ^(This function may load one or more schemas from database files. If an
5186 ** error occurs during this process, or if the requested table or column
5187 ** cannot be found, an [error code] is returned and an error message left
5188 ** in the [database connection] (to be retrieved using sqlite3_errmsg()).)^
5189 **
5190 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
5191 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
5192 */
5193 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
5194   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
5195   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
5196   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
5197   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
5198   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
5199   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
5200   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
5201   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
5202   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
5203 );
5204 
5205 /*
5206 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
5207 **
5208 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
5209 **
5210 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
5211 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
5212 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
5213 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
5214 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
5215 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
5216 ** be tried also.
5217 **
5218 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
5219 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
5220 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
5221 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
5222 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
5223 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
5224 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
5225 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
5226 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
5227 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
5228 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
5229 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
5230 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
5231 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
5232 **
5233 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
5234 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
5235 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
5236 **
5237 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
5238 */
5239 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_load_extension(
5240   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
5241   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
5242   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
5243   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
5244 );
5245 
5246 /*
5247 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
5248 **
5249 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
5250 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
5251 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
5252 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
5253 **
5254 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
5255 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
5256 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
5257 ** it back off again.
5258 */
5259 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
5260 
5261 /*
5262 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
5263 **
5264 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
5265 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
5266 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
5267 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
5268 **
5269 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
5270 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
5271 ** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
5272 ** entry point where as follows:
5273 **
5274 ** <blockquote><pre>
5275 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
5276 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
5277 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
5278 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
5279 ** &nbsp;  );
5280 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
5281 **
5282 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
5283 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
5284 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
5285 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
5286 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
5287 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
5288 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
5289 **
5290 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
5291 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
5292 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
5293 **
5294 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
5295 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
5296 */
5297 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5298 
5299 /*
5300 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
5301 **
5302 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
5303 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
5304 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
5305 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
5306 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
5307 ** routines.
5308 */
5309 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
5310 
5311 /*
5312 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
5313 **
5314 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
5315 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
5316 */
5317 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
5318 
5319 /*
5320 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
5321 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5322 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5323 **
5324 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5325 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5326 */
5327 
5328 /*
5329 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
5330 */
5331 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
5332 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
5333 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
5334 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
5335 
5336 /*
5337 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
5338 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
5339 **
5340 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
5341 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
5342 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
5343 **
5344 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
5345 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
5346 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
5347 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
5348 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
5349 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
5350 ** any database connection.
5351 */
5352 struct sqlite3_module {
5353   int iVersion;
5354   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5355                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5356                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5357   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
5358                int argc, const char *const*argv,
5359                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
5360   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
5361   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5362   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5363   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
5364   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5365   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
5366                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
5367   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5368   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
5369   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
5370   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
5371   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
5372   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5373   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5374   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5375   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
5376   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
5377                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
5378                        void **ppArg);
5379   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
5380   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
5381   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
5382   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5383   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5384   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
5385 };
5386 
5387 /*
5388 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
5389 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
5390 **
5391 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
5392 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
5393 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
5394 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
5395 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
5396 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
5397 **
5398 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
5399 **
5400 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
5401 **
5402 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
5403 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
5404 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
5405 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
5406 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
5407 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
5408 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
5409 **
5410 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
5411 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
5412 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
5413 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
5414 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
5415 **
5416 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
5417 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
5418 **
5419 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
5420 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
5421 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
5422 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
5423 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
5424 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
5425 **
5426 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
5427 ** [xFilter] method.
5428 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
5429 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
5430 **
5431 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
5432 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
5433 ** sorting step is required.
5434 **
5435 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
5436 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
5437 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
5438 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
5439 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
5440 **
5441 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
5442 ** will be returned by the strategy.
5443 **
5444 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
5445 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
5446 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
5447 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
5448 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
5449 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
5450 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002.
5451 */
5452 struct sqlite3_index_info {
5453   /* Inputs */
5454   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
5455   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
5456      int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
5457      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
5458      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
5459      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
5460   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
5461   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
5462   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
5463      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
5464      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
5465   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
5466   /* Outputs */
5467   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
5468     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
5469     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
5470   } *aConstraintUsage;
5471   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
5472   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
5473   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
5474   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
5475   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
5476   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
5477   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
5478 };
5479 
5480 /*
5481 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Constraint Operator Codes
5482 **
5483 ** These macros defined the allowed values for the
5484 ** [sqlite3_index_info].aConstraint[].op field.  Each value represents
5485 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
5486 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
5487 */
5488 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ    2
5489 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT    4
5490 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE    8
5491 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT    16
5492 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE    32
5493 #define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH 64
5494 
5495 /*
5496 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
5497 **
5498 ** ^These routines are used to register a new [virtual table module] name.
5499 ** ^Module names must be registered before
5500 ** creating a new [virtual table] using the module and before using a
5501 ** preexisting [virtual table] for the module.
5502 **
5503 ** ^The module name is registered on the [database connection] specified
5504 ** by the first parameter.  ^The name of the module is given by the
5505 ** second parameter.  ^The third parameter is a pointer to
5506 ** the implementation of the [virtual table module].   ^The fourth
5507 ** parameter is an arbitrary client data pointer that is passed through
5508 ** into the [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of the virtual table module
5509 ** when a new virtual table is be being created or reinitialized.
5510 **
5511 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module_v2() interface has a fifth parameter which
5512 ** is a pointer to a destructor for the pClientData.  ^SQLite will
5513 ** invoke the destructor function (if it is not NULL) when SQLite
5514 ** no longer needs the pClientData pointer.  ^The destructor will also
5515 ** be invoked if the call to sqlite3_create_module_v2() fails.
5516 ** ^The sqlite3_create_module()
5517 ** interface is equivalent to sqlite3_create_module_v2() with a NULL
5518 ** destructor.
5519 */
5520 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module(
5521   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5522   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5523   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5524   void *pClientData          /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5525 );
5526 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_create_module_v2(
5527   sqlite3 *db,               /* SQLite connection to register module with */
5528   const char *zName,         /* Name of the module */
5529   const sqlite3_module *p,   /* Methods for the module */
5530   void *pClientData,         /* Client data for xCreate/xConnect */
5531   void(*xDestroy)(void*)     /* Module destructor function */
5532 );
5533 
5534 /*
5535 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Instance Object
5536 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab
5537 **
5538 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass
5539 ** of this object to describe a particular instance
5540 ** of the [virtual table].  Each subclass will
5541 ** be tailored to the specific needs of the module implementation.
5542 ** The purpose of this superclass is to define certain fields that are
5543 ** common to all module implementations.
5544 **
5545 ** ^Virtual tables methods can set an error message by assigning a
5546 ** string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()] to zErrMsg.  The method should
5547 ** take care that any prior string is freed by a call to [sqlite3_free()]
5548 ** prior to assigning a new string to zErrMsg.  ^After the error message
5549 ** is delivered up to the client application, the string will be automatically
5550 ** freed by sqlite3_free() and the zErrMsg field will be zeroed.
5551 */
5552 struct sqlite3_vtab {
5553   const sqlite3_module *pModule;  /* The module for this virtual table */
5554   int nRef;                       /* NO LONGER USED */
5555   char *zErrMsg;                  /* Error message from sqlite3_mprintf() */
5556   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5557 };
5558 
5559 /*
5560 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Cursor Object
5561 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_vtab_cursor {virtual table cursor}
5562 **
5563 ** Every [virtual table module] implementation uses a subclass of the
5564 ** following structure to describe cursors that point into the
5565 ** [virtual table] and are used
5566 ** to loop through the virtual table.  Cursors are created using the
5567 ** [sqlite3_module.xOpen | xOpen] method of the module and are destroyed
5568 ** by the [sqlite3_module.xClose | xClose] method.  Cursors are used
5569 ** by the [xFilter], [xNext], [xEof], [xColumn], and [xRowid] methods
5570 ** of the module.  Each module implementation will define
5571 ** the content of a cursor structure to suit its own needs.
5572 **
5573 ** This superclass exists in order to define fields of the cursor that
5574 ** are common to all implementations.
5575 */
5576 struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor {
5577   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;      /* Virtual table of this cursor */
5578   /* Virtual table implementations will typically add additional fields */
5579 };
5580 
5581 /*
5582 ** CAPI3REF: Declare The Schema Of A Virtual Table
5583 **
5584 ** ^The [xCreate] and [xConnect] methods of a
5585 ** [virtual table module] call this interface
5586 ** to declare the format (the names and datatypes of the columns) of
5587 ** the virtual tables they implement.
5588 */
5589 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3*, const char *zSQL);
5590 
5591 /*
5592 ** CAPI3REF: Overload A Function For A Virtual Table
5593 **
5594 ** ^(Virtual tables can provide alternative implementations of functions
5595 ** using the [xFindFunction] method of the [virtual table module].
5596 ** But global versions of those functions
5597 ** must exist in order to be overloaded.)^
5598 **
5599 ** ^(This API makes sure a global version of a function with a particular
5600 ** name and number of parameters exists.  If no such function exists
5601 ** before this API is called, a new function is created.)^  ^The implementation
5602 ** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
5603 ** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
5604 ** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
5605 ** by a [virtual table].
5606 */
5607 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);
5608 
5609 /*
5610 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism defined above (back up
5611 ** to a comment remarkably similar to this one) is currently considered
5612 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
5613 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
5614 **
5615 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
5616 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
5617 */
5618 
5619 /*
5620 ** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
5621 ** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
5622 **
5623 ** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
5624 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
5625 ** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]
5626 ** and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5627 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
5628 ** can be used to read or write small subsections of the BLOB.
5629 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the BLOB in bytes.
5630 */
5631 typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;
5632 
5633 /*
5634 ** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O
5635 **
5636 ** ^(This interfaces opens a [BLOB handle | handle] to the BLOB located
5637 ** in row iRow, column zColumn, table zTable in database zDb;
5638 ** in other words, the same BLOB that would be selected by:
5639 **
5640 ** <pre>
5641 **     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE [rowid] = iRow;
5642 ** </pre>)^
5643 **
5644 ** ^If the flags parameter is non-zero, then the BLOB is opened for read
5645 ** and write access. ^If it is zero, the BLOB is opened for read access.
5646 ** ^It is not possible to open a column that is part of an index or primary
5647 ** key for writing. ^If [foreign key constraints] are enabled, it is
5648 ** not possible to open a column that is part of a [child key] for writing.
5649 **
5650 ** ^Note that the database name is not the filename that contains
5651 ** the database but rather the symbolic name of the database that
5652 ** appears after the AS keyword when the database is connected using [ATTACH].
5653 ** ^For the main database file, the database name is "main".
5654 ** ^For TEMP tables, the database name is "temp".
5655 **
5656 ** ^(On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned and the new [BLOB handle] is written
5657 ** to *ppBlob. Otherwise an [error code] is returned and *ppBlob is set
5658 ** to be a null pointer.)^
5659 ** ^This function sets the [database connection] error code and message
5660 ** accessible via [sqlite3_errcode()] and [sqlite3_errmsg()] and related
5661 ** functions. ^Note that the *ppBlob variable is always initialized in a
5662 ** way that makes it safe to invoke [sqlite3_blob_close()] on *ppBlob
5663 ** regardless of the success or failure of this routine.
5664 **
5665 ** ^(If the row that a BLOB handle points to is modified by an
5666 ** [UPDATE], [DELETE], or by [ON CONFLICT] side-effects
5667 ** then the BLOB handle is marked as "expired".
5668 ** This is true if any column of the row is changed, even a column
5669 ** other than the one the BLOB handle is open on.)^
5670 ** ^Calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] for
5671 ** an expired BLOB handle fail with a return code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5672 ** ^(Changes written into a BLOB prior to the BLOB expiring are not
5673 ** rolled back by the expiration of the BLOB.  Such changes will eventually
5674 ** commit if the transaction continues to completion.)^
5675 **
5676 ** ^Use the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface to determine the size of
5677 ** the opened blob.  ^The size of a blob may not be changed by this
5678 ** interface.  Use the [UPDATE] SQL command to change the size of a
5679 ** blob.
5680 **
5681 ** ^The [sqlite3_blob_open()] interface will fail for a [WITHOUT ROWID]
5682 ** table.  Incremental BLOB I/O is not possible on [WITHOUT ROWID] tables.
5683 **
5684 ** ^The [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob()] and [sqlite3_result_zeroblob()] interfaces
5685 ** and the built-in [zeroblob] SQL function can be used, if desired,
5686 ** to create an empty, zero-filled blob in which to read or write using
5687 ** this interface.
5688 **
5689 ** To avoid a resource leak, every open [BLOB handle] should eventually
5690 ** be released by a call to [sqlite3_blob_close()].
5691 */
5692 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_open(
5693   sqlite3*,
5694   const char *zDb,
5695   const char *zTable,
5696   const char *zColumn,
5697   sqlite3_int64 iRow,
5698   int flags,
5699   sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
5700 );
5701 
5702 /*
5703 ** CAPI3REF: Move a BLOB Handle to a New Row
5704 **
5705 ** ^This function is used to move an existing blob handle so that it points
5706 ** to a different row of the same database table. ^The new row is identified
5707 ** by the rowid value passed as the second argument. Only the row can be
5708 ** changed. ^The database, table and column on which the blob handle is open
5709 ** remain the same. Moving an existing blob handle to a new row can be
5710 ** faster than closing the existing handle and opening a new one.
5711 **
5712 ** ^(The new row must meet the same criteria as for [sqlite3_blob_open()] -
5713 ** it must exist and there must be either a blob or text value stored in
5714 ** the nominated column.)^ ^If the new row is not present in the table, or if
5715 ** it does not contain a blob or text value, or if another error occurs, an
5716 ** SQLite error code is returned and the blob handle is considered aborted.
5717 ** ^All subsequent calls to [sqlite3_blob_read()], [sqlite3_blob_write()] or
5718 ** [sqlite3_blob_reopen()] on an aborted blob handle immediately return
5719 ** SQLITE_ABORT. ^Calling [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] on an aborted blob handle
5720 ** always returns zero.
5721 **
5722 ** ^This function sets the database handle error code and message.
5723 */
5724 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL int sqlite3_blob_reopen(sqlite3_blob *, sqlite3_int64);
5725 
5726 /*
5727 ** CAPI3REF: Close A BLOB Handle
5728 **
5729 ** ^Closes an open [BLOB handle].
5730 **
5731 ** ^Closing a BLOB shall cause the current transaction to commit
5732 ** if there are no other BLOBs, no pending prepared statements, and the
5733 ** database connection is in [autocommit mode].
5734 ** ^If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
5735 ** until the close operation if they will fit.
5736 **
5737 ** ^(Closing the BLOB often forces the changes
5738 ** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
5739 ** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
5740 ** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.)^
5741 **
5742 ** ^(The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
5743 ** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.)^
5744 **
5745 ** ^Calling this routine with a null pointer (such as would be returned
5746 ** by a failed call to [sqlite3_blob_open()]) is a harmless no-op.
5747 */
5748 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);
5749 
5750 /*
5751 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Size Of An Open BLOB
5752 **
5753 ** ^Returns the size in bytes of the BLOB accessible via the
5754 ** successfully opened [BLOB handle] in its only argument.  ^The
5755 ** incremental blob I/O routines can only read or overwriting existing
5756 ** blob content; they cannot change the size of a blob.
5757 **
5758 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5759 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5760 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5761 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5762 */
5763 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);
5764 
5765 /*
5766 ** CAPI3REF: Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally
5767 **
5768 ** ^(This function is used to read data from an open [BLOB handle] into a
5769 ** caller-supplied buffer. N bytes of data are copied into buffer Z
5770 ** from the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.)^
5771 **
5772 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5773 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.  ^If N or iOffset is
5774 ** less than zero, [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is read.
5775 ** ^The size of the blob (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5776 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5777 **
5778 ** ^An attempt to read from an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5779 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].
5780 **
5781 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_read() returns SQLITE_OK.
5782 ** Otherwise, an [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5783 **
5784 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5785 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5786 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5787 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5788 **
5789 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_write()].
5790 */
5791 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *Z, int N, int iOffset);
5792 
5793 /*
5794 ** CAPI3REF: Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally
5795 **
5796 ** ^This function is used to write data into an open [BLOB handle] from a
5797 ** caller-supplied buffer. ^N bytes of data are copied from the buffer Z
5798 ** into the open BLOB, starting at offset iOffset.
5799 **
5800 ** ^If the [BLOB handle] passed as the first argument was not opened for
5801 ** writing (the flags parameter to [sqlite3_blob_open()] was zero),
5802 ** this function returns [SQLITE_READONLY].
5803 **
5804 ** ^This function may only modify the contents of the BLOB; it is
5805 ** not possible to increase the size of a BLOB using this API.
5806 ** ^If offset iOffset is less than N bytes from the end of the BLOB,
5807 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.  ^If N is
5808 ** less than zero [SQLITE_ERROR] is returned and no data is written.
5809 ** The size of the BLOB (and hence the maximum value of N+iOffset)
5810 ** can be determined using the [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface.
5811 **
5812 ** ^An attempt to write to an expired [BLOB handle] fails with an
5813 ** error code of [SQLITE_ABORT].  ^Writes to the BLOB that occurred
5814 ** before the [BLOB handle] expired are not rolled back by the
5815 ** expiration of the handle, though of course those changes might
5816 ** have been overwritten by the statement that expired the BLOB handle
5817 ** or by other independent statements.
5818 **
5819 ** ^(On success, sqlite3_blob_write() returns SQLITE_OK.
5820 ** Otherwise, an  [error code] or an [extended error code] is returned.)^
5821 **
5822 ** This routine only works on a [BLOB handle] which has been created
5823 ** by a prior successful call to [sqlite3_blob_open()] and which has not
5824 ** been closed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].  Passing any other pointer in
5825 ** to this routine results in undefined and probably undesirable behavior.
5826 **
5827 ** See also: [sqlite3_blob_read()].
5828 */
5829 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);
5830 
5831 /*
5832 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual File System Objects
5833 **
5834 ** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
5835 ** that SQLite uses to interact
5836 ** with the underlying operating system.  Most SQLite builds come with a
5837 ** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
5838 ** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
5839 ** The following interfaces are provided.
5840 **
5841 ** ^The sqlite3_vfs_find() interface returns a pointer to a VFS given its name.
5842 ** ^Names are case sensitive.
5843 ** ^Names are zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
5844 ** ^If there is no match, a NULL pointer is returned.
5845 ** ^If zVfsName is NULL then the default VFS is returned.
5846 **
5847 ** ^New VFSes are registered with sqlite3_vfs_register().
5848 ** ^Each new VFS becomes the default VFS if the makeDflt flag is set.
5849 ** ^The same VFS can be registered multiple times without injury.
5850 ** ^To make an existing VFS into the default VFS, register it again
5851 ** with the makeDflt flag set.  If two different VFSes with the
5852 ** same name are registered, the behavior is undefined.  If a
5853 ** VFS is registered with a name that is NULL or an empty string,
5854 ** then the behavior is undefined.
5855 **
5856 ** ^Unregister a VFS with the sqlite3_vfs_unregister() interface.
5857 ** ^(If the default VFS is unregistered, another VFS is chosen as
5858 ** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.)^
5859 */
5860 SQLITE_API sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
5861 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
5862 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
5863 
5864 /*
5865 ** CAPI3REF: Mutexes
5866 **
5867 ** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
5868 ** synchronization. Though they are intended for internal
5869 ** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
5870 ** permitted to use any of these routines.
5871 **
5872 ** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations
5873 ** of these mutex routines.  An appropriate implementation
5874 ** is selected automatically at compile-time.  ^(The following
5875 ** implementations are available in the SQLite core:
5876 **
5877 ** <ul>
5878 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
5879 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
5880 ** <li>   SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
5881 ** </ul>)^
5882 **
5883 ** ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP implementation is a set of routines
5884 ** that does no real locking and is appropriate for use in
5885 ** a single-threaded application.  ^The SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS and
5886 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_W32 implementations are appropriate for use on Unix
5887 ** and Windows.
5888 **
5889 ** ^(If SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF preprocessor
5890 ** macro defined (with "-DSQLITE_MUTEX_APPDEF=1"), then no mutex
5891 ** implementation is included with the library. In this case the
5892 ** application must supply a custom mutex implementation using the
5893 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option of the sqlite3_config() function
5894 ** before calling sqlite3_initialize() or any other public sqlite3_
5895 ** function that calls sqlite3_initialize().)^
5896 **
5897 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_alloc() routine allocates a new
5898 ** mutex and returns a pointer to it. ^If it returns NULL
5899 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated.  ^SQLite
5900 ** will unwind its stack and return an error.  ^(The argument
5901 ** to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() is one of these integer constants:
5902 **
5903 ** <ul>
5904 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5905 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5906 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
5907 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
5908 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
5909 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
5910 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
5911 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
5912 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
5913 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
5914 ** </ul>)^
5915 **
5916 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
5917 ** cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
5918 ** a new mutex.  ^The new mutex is recursive when SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
5919 ** is used but not necessarily so when SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST is used.
5920 ** The mutex implementation does not need to make a distinction
5921 ** between SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE and SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST if it does
5922 ** not want to.  ^SQLite will only request a recursive mutex in
5923 ** cases where it really needs one.  ^If a faster non-recursive mutex
5924 ** implementation is available on the host platform, the mutex subsystem
5925 ** might return such a mutex in response to SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST.
5926 **
5927 ** ^The other allowed parameters to sqlite3_mutex_alloc() (anything other
5928 ** than SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) each return
5929 ** a pointer to a static preexisting mutex.  ^Six static mutexes are
5930 ** used by the current version of SQLite.  Future versions of SQLite
5931 ** may add additional static mutexes.  Static mutexes are for internal
5932 ** use by SQLite only.  Applications that use SQLite mutexes should
5933 ** use only the dynamic mutexes returned by SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST or
5934 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE.
5935 **
5936 ** ^Note that if one of the dynamic mutex parameters (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
5937 ** or SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) is used then sqlite3_mutex_alloc()
5938 ** returns a different mutex on every call.  ^But for the static
5939 ** mutex types, the same mutex is returned on every call that has
5940 ** the same type number.
5941 **
5942 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_free() routine deallocates a previously
5943 ** allocated dynamic mutex.  ^SQLite is careful to deallocate every
5944 ** dynamic mutex that it allocates.  The dynamic mutexes must not be in
5945 ** use when they are deallocated.  Attempting to deallocate a static
5946 ** mutex results in undefined behavior.  ^SQLite never deallocates
5947 ** a static mutex.
5948 **
5949 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_enter() and sqlite3_mutex_try() routines attempt
5950 ** to enter a mutex.  ^If another thread is already within the mutex,
5951 ** sqlite3_mutex_enter() will block and sqlite3_mutex_try() will return
5952 ** SQLITE_BUSY.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_try() interface returns [SQLITE_OK]
5953 ** upon successful entry.  ^(Mutexes created using
5954 ** SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE can be entered multiple times by the same thread.
5955 ** In such cases the,
5956 ** mutex must be exited an equal number of times before another thread
5957 ** can enter.)^  ^(If the same thread tries to enter any other
5958 ** kind of mutex more than once, the behavior is undefined.
5959 ** SQLite will never exhibit
5960 ** such behavior in its own use of mutexes.)^
5961 **
5962 ** ^(Some systems (for example, Windows 95) do not support the operation
5963 ** implemented by sqlite3_mutex_try().  On those systems, sqlite3_mutex_try()
5964 ** will always return SQLITE_BUSY.  The SQLite core only ever uses
5965 ** sqlite3_mutex_try() as an optimization so this is acceptable behavior.)^
5966 **
5967 ** ^The sqlite3_mutex_leave() routine exits a mutex that was
5968 ** previously entered by the same thread.   ^(The behavior
5969 ** is undefined if the mutex is not currently entered by the
5970 ** calling thread or is not currently allocated.  SQLite will
5971 ** never do either.)^
5972 **
5973 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_enter(), sqlite3_mutex_try(), or
5974 ** sqlite3_mutex_leave() is a NULL pointer, then all three routines
5975 ** behave as no-ops.
5976 **
5977 ** See also: [sqlite3_mutex_held()] and [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()].
5978 */
5979 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
5980 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
5981 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
5982 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
5983 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);
5984 
5985 /*
5986 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Methods Object
5987 **
5988 ** An instance of this structure defines the low-level routines
5989 ** used to allocate and use mutexes.
5990 **
5991 ** Usually, the default mutex implementations provided by SQLite are
5992 ** sufficient, however the user has the option of substituting a custom
5993 ** implementation for specialized deployments or systems for which SQLite
5994 ** does not provide a suitable implementation. In this case, the user
5995 ** creates and populates an instance of this structure to pass
5996 ** to sqlite3_config() along with the [SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX] option.
5997 ** Additionally, an instance of this structure can be used as an
5998 ** output variable when querying the system for the current mutex
5999 ** implementation, using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX] option.
6000 **
6001 ** ^The xMutexInit method defined by this structure is invoked as
6002 ** part of system initialization by the sqlite3_initialize() function.
6003 ** ^The xMutexInit routine is called by SQLite exactly once for each
6004 ** effective call to [sqlite3_initialize()].
6005 **
6006 ** ^The xMutexEnd method defined by this structure is invoked as
6007 ** part of system shutdown by the sqlite3_shutdown() function. The
6008 ** implementation of this method is expected to release all outstanding
6009 ** resources obtained by the mutex methods implementation, especially
6010 ** those obtained by the xMutexInit method.  ^The xMutexEnd()
6011 ** interface is invoked exactly once for each call to [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6012 **
6013 ** ^(The remaining seven methods defined by this structure (xMutexAlloc,
6014 ** xMutexFree, xMutexEnter, xMutexTry, xMutexLeave, xMutexHeld and
6015 ** xMutexNotheld) implement the following interfaces (respectively):
6016 **
6017 ** <ul>
6018 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] </li>
6019 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_free()] </li>
6020 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_enter()] </li>
6021 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_try()] </li>
6022 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_leave()] </li>
6023 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_held()] </li>
6024 **   <li>  [sqlite3_mutex_notheld()] </li>
6025 ** </ul>)^
6026 **
6027 ** The only difference is that the public sqlite3_XXX functions enumerated
6028 ** above silently ignore any invocations that pass a NULL pointer instead
6029 ** of a valid mutex handle. The implementations of the methods defined
6030 ** by this structure are not required to handle this case, the results
6031 ** of passing a NULL pointer instead of a valid mutex handle are undefined
6032 ** (i.e. it is acceptable to provide an implementation that segfaults if
6033 ** it is passed a NULL pointer).
6034 **
6035 ** The xMutexInit() method must be threadsafe.  ^It must be harmless to
6036 ** invoke xMutexInit() multiple times within the same process and without
6037 ** intervening calls to xMutexEnd().  Second and subsequent calls to
6038 ** xMutexInit() must be no-ops.
6039 **
6040 ** ^xMutexInit() must not use SQLite memory allocation ([sqlite3_malloc()]
6041 ** and its associates).  ^Similarly, xMutexAlloc() must not use SQLite memory
6042 ** allocation for a static mutex.  ^However xMutexAlloc() may use SQLite
6043 ** memory allocation for a fast or recursive mutex.
6044 **
6045 ** ^SQLite will invoke the xMutexEnd() method when [sqlite3_shutdown()] is
6046 ** called, but only if the prior call to xMutexInit returned SQLITE_OK.
6047 ** If xMutexInit fails in any way, it is expected to clean up after itself
6048 ** prior to returning.
6049 */
6050 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex_methods sqlite3_mutex_methods;
6051 struct sqlite3_mutex_methods {
6052   int (*xMutexInit)(void);
6053   int (*xMutexEnd)(void);
6054   sqlite3_mutex *(*xMutexAlloc)(int);
6055   void (*xMutexFree)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6056   void (*xMutexEnter)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6057   int (*xMutexTry)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6058   void (*xMutexLeave)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6059   int (*xMutexHeld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6060   int (*xMutexNotheld)(sqlite3_mutex *);
6061 };
6062 
6063 /*
6064 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verification Routines
6065 **
6066 ** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
6067 ** are intended for use inside assert() statements.  ^The SQLite core
6068 ** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
6069 ** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  ^The SQLite core only
6070 ** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
6071 ** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  ^External mutex implementations
6072 ** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
6073 ** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
6074 **
6075 ** ^These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
6076 ** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread.
6077 **
6078 ** ^The implementation is not required to provide versions of these
6079 ** routines that actually work. If the implementation does not provide working
6080 ** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs that always
6081 ** return true so that one does not get spurious assertion failures.
6082 **
6083 ** ^If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
6084 ** the routine should return 1.   This seems counter-intuitive since
6085 ** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But
6086 ** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
6087 ** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
6088 ** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
6089 ** the appropriate thing to do.  ^The sqlite3_mutex_notheld()
6090 ** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
6091 */
6092 #ifndef NDEBUG
6093 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
6094 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
6095 #endif
6096 
6097 /*
6098 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types
6099 **
6100 ** The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
6101 ** which is one of these integer constants.
6102 **
6103 ** The set of static mutexes may change from one SQLite release to the
6104 ** next.  Applications that override the built-in mutex logic must be
6105 ** prepared to accommodate additional static mutexes.
6106 */
6107 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
6108 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
6109 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
6110 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
6111 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* NOT USED */
6112 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN      4  /* sqlite3BtreeOpen() */
6113 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
6114 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
6115 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
6116 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
6117 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
6118 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */
6119 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP3     10  /* For use by application */
6120 
6121 /*
6122 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
6123 **
6124 ** ^This interface returns a pointer the [sqlite3_mutex] object that
6125 ** serializes access to the [database connection] given in the argument
6126 ** when the [threading mode] is Serialized.
6127 ** ^If the [threading mode] is Single-thread or Multi-thread then this
6128 ** routine returns a NULL pointer.
6129 */
6130 SQLITE_API sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_db_mutex(sqlite3*);
6131 
6132 /*
6133 ** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files
6134 **
6135 ** ^The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
6136 ** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
6137 ** with a particular database identified by the second argument. ^The
6138 ** name of the database is "main" for the main database or "temp" for the
6139 ** TEMP database, or the name that appears after the AS keyword for
6140 ** databases that are added using the [ATTACH] SQL command.
6141 ** ^A NULL pointer can be used in place of "main" to refer to the
6142 ** main database file.
6143 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this routine
6144 ** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
6145 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
6146 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
6147 **
6148 ** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
6149 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
6150 ** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
6151 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
6152 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
6153 **
6154 ** ^If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
6155 ** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned.  ^This error
6156 ** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
6157 ** or [sqlite3_errmsg()].  The underlying xFileControl method might
6158 ** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  There is no way to distinguish between
6159 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
6160 ** xFileControl method.
6161 **
6162 ** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
6163 */
6164 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
6165 
6166 /*
6167 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface
6168 **
6169 ** ^The sqlite3_test_control() interface is used to read out internal
6170 ** state of SQLite and to inject faults into SQLite for testing
6171 ** purposes.  ^The first parameter is an operation code that determines
6172 ** the number, meaning, and operation of all subsequent parameters.
6173 **
6174 ** This interface is not for use by applications.  It exists solely
6175 ** for verifying the correct operation of the SQLite library.  Depending
6176 ** on how the SQLite library is compiled, this interface might not exist.
6177 **
6178 ** The details of the operation codes, their meanings, the parameters
6179 ** they take, and what they do are all subject to change without notice.
6180 ** Unlike most of the SQLite API, this function is not guaranteed to
6181 ** operate consistently from one release to the next.
6182 */
6183 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
6184 
6185 /*
6186 ** CAPI3REF: Testing Interface Operation Codes
6187 **
6188 ** These constants are the valid operation code parameters used
6189 ** as the first argument to [sqlite3_test_control()].
6190 **
6191 ** These parameters and their meanings are subject to change
6192 ** without notice.  These values are for testing purposes only.
6193 ** Applications should not use any of these parameters or the
6194 ** [sqlite3_test_control()] interface.
6195 */
6196 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST                    5
6197 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE                5
6198 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE             6
6199 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET               7
6200 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST              8
6201 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL            9
6202 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS     10
6203 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE            11
6204 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                  12
6205 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                  13
6206 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
6207 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
6208 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
6209 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
6210 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
6211 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
6212 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
6213 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
6214 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
6215 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
6216 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
6217 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    24
6218 
6219 /*
6220 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
6221 **
6222 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6223 ** about the performance of SQLite, and optionally to reset various
6224 ** highwater marks.  ^The first argument is an integer code for
6225 ** the specific parameter to measure.  ^(Recognized integer codes
6226 ** are of the form [status parameters | SQLITE_STATUS_...].)^
6227 ** ^The current value of the parameter is returned into *pCurrent.
6228 ** ^The highest recorded value is returned in *pHighwater.  ^If the
6229 ** resetFlag is true, then the highest record value is reset after
6230 ** *pHighwater is written.  ^(Some parameters do not record the highest
6231 ** value.  For those parameters
6232 ** nothing is written into *pHighwater and the resetFlag is ignored.)^
6233 ** ^(Other parameters record only the highwater mark and not the current
6234 ** value.  For these latter parameters nothing is written into *pCurrent.)^
6235 **
6236 ** ^The sqlite3_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6237 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6238 **
6239 ** This routine is threadsafe but is not atomic.  This routine can be
6240 ** called while other threads are running the same or different SQLite
6241 ** interfaces.  However the values returned in *pCurrent and
6242 ** *pHighwater reflect the status of SQLite at different points in time
6243 ** and it is possible that another thread might change the parameter
6244 ** in between the times when *pCurrent and *pHighwater are written.
6245 **
6246 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_status()]
6247 */
6248 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_status(int op, int *pCurrent, int *pHighwater, int resetFlag);
6249 
6250 
6251 /*
6252 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters
6253 ** KEYWORDS: {status parameters}
6254 **
6255 ** These integer constants designate various run-time status parameters
6256 ** that can be returned by [sqlite3_status()].
6257 **
6258 ** <dl>
6259 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED</dt>
6260 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
6261 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
6262 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
6263 ** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
6264 ** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
6265 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
6266 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
6267 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
6268 **
6269 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE</dt>
6270 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6271 ** handed to [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] (or their
6272 ** internal equivalents).  Only the value returned in the
6273 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6274 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6275 **
6276 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT</dt>
6277 ** <dd>This parameter records the number of separate memory allocations
6278 ** currently checked out.</dd>)^
6279 **
6280 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED</dt>
6281 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pages used out of the
6282 ** [pagecache memory allocator] that was configured using
6283 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].  The
6284 ** value returned is in pages, not in bytes.</dd>)^
6285 **
6286 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW]]
6287 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW</dt>
6288 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of page cache
6289 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]
6290 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The
6291 ** returned value includes allocations that overflowed because they
6292 ** where too large (they were larger than the "sz" parameter to
6293 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]) and allocations that overflowed because
6294 ** no space was left in the page cache.</dd>)^
6295 **
6296 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE</dt>
6297 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6298 ** handed to [pagecache memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6299 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6300 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6301 **
6302 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
6303 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
6304 ** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
6305 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
6306 ** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
6307 ** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
6308 ** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
6309 **
6310 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
6311 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
6312 ** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
6313 ** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
6314 ** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
6315 ** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
6316 ** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
6317 ** slots were available.
6318 ** </dd>)^
6319 **
6320 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
6321 ** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
6322 ** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
6323 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.
6324 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
6325 **
6326 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
6327 ** <dd>This parameter records the deepest parser stack.  It is only
6328 ** meaningful if SQLite is compiled with [YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH].</dd>)^
6329 ** </dl>
6330 **
6331 ** New status parameters may be added from time to time.
6332 */
6333 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
6334 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
6335 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
6336 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
6337 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
6338 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
6339 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
6340 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
6341 #define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
6342 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
6343 
6344 /*
6345 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Status
6346 **
6347 ** ^This interface is used to retrieve runtime status information
6348 ** about a single [database connection].  ^The first argument is the
6349 ** database connection object to be interrogated.  ^The second argument
6350 ** is an integer constant, taken from the set of
6351 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options], that
6352 ** determines the parameter to interrogate.  The set of
6353 ** [SQLITE_DBSTATUS options] is likely
6354 ** to grow in future releases of SQLite.
6355 **
6356 ** ^The current value of the requested parameter is written into *pCur
6357 ** and the highest instantaneous value is written into *pHiwtr.  ^If
6358 ** the resetFlg is true, then the highest instantaneous value is
6359 ** reset back down to the current value.
6360 **
6361 ** ^The sqlite3_db_status() routine returns SQLITE_OK on success and a
6362 ** non-zero [error code] on failure.
6363 **
6364 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_stmt_status()].
6365 */
6366 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(sqlite3*, int op, int *pCur, int *pHiwtr, int resetFlg);
6367 
6368 /*
6369 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for database connections
6370 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_DBSTATUS options}
6371 **
6372 ** These constants are the available integer "verbs" that can be passed as
6373 ** the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
6374 **
6375 ** New verbs may be added in future releases of SQLite. Existing verbs
6376 ** might be discontinued. Applications should check the return code from
6377 ** [sqlite3_db_status()] to make sure that the call worked.
6378 ** The [sqlite3_db_status()] interface will return a non-zero error code
6379 ** if a discontinued or unsupported verb is invoked.
6380 **
6381 ** <dl>
6382 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED</dt>
6383 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of lookaside memory slots currently
6384 ** checked out.</dd>)^
6385 **
6386 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT</dt>
6387 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that were
6388 ** satisfied using lookaside memory. Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6389 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6390 **
6391 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE]]
6392 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE</dt>
6393 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6394 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to the amount of
6395 ** memory requested being larger than the lookaside slot size.
6396 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6397 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6398 **
6399 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL]]
6400 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL</dt>
6401 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number malloc attempts that might have
6402 ** been satisfied using lookaside memory but failed due to all lookaside
6403 ** memory already being in use.
6404 ** Only the high-water value is meaningful;
6405 ** the current value is always zero.)^
6406 **
6407 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED</dt>
6408 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6409 ** memory used by all pager caches associated with the database connection.)^
6410 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED is always 0.
6411 **
6412 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED</dt>
6413 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6414 ** memory used to store the schema for all databases associated
6415 ** with the connection - main, temp, and any [ATTACH]-ed databases.)^
6416 ** ^The full amount of memory used by the schemas is reported, even if the
6417 ** schema memory is shared with other database connections due to
6418 ** [shared cache mode] being enabled.
6419 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED is always 0.
6420 **
6421 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED</dt>
6422 ** <dd>This parameter returns the approximate number of bytes of heap
6423 ** and lookaside memory used by all prepared statements associated with
6424 ** the database connection.)^
6425 ** ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED is always 0.
6426 ** </dd>
6427 **
6428 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT</dt>
6429 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache hits that have
6430 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT
6431 ** is always 0.
6432 ** </dd>
6433 **
6434 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS</dt>
6435 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of pager cache misses that have
6436 ** occurred.)^ ^The highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS
6437 ** is always 0.
6438 ** </dd>
6439 **
6440 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE</dt>
6441 ** <dd>This parameter returns the number of dirty cache entries that have
6442 ** been written to disk. Specifically, the number of pages written to the
6443 ** wal file in wal mode databases, or the number of pages written to the
6444 ** database file in rollback mode databases. Any pages written as part of
6445 ** transaction rollback or database recovery operations are not included.
6446 ** If an IO or other error occurs while writing a page to disk, the effect
6447 ** on subsequent SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE requests is undefined.)^ ^The
6448 ** highwater mark associated with SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE is always 0.
6449 ** </dd>
6450 **
6451 ** [[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS</dt>
6452 ** <dd>This parameter returns zero for the current value if and only if
6453 ** all foreign key constraints (deferred or immediate) have been
6454 ** resolved.)^  ^The highwater mark is always 0.
6455 ** </dd>
6456 ** </dl>
6457 */
6458 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED       0
6459 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_USED           1
6460 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED          2
6461 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED            3
6462 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT        4
6463 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_SIZE  5
6464 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL  6
6465 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_HIT            7
6466 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_MISS           8
6467 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_CACHE_WRITE          9
6468 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_DEFERRED_FKS        10
6469 #define SQLITE_DBSTATUS_MAX                 10   /* Largest defined DBSTATUS */
6470 
6471 
6472 /*
6473 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Status
6474 **
6475 ** ^(Each prepared statement maintains various
6476 ** [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters] that measure the number
6477 ** of times it has performed specific operations.)^  These counters can
6478 ** be used to monitor the performance characteristics of the prepared
6479 ** statements.  For example, if the number of table steps greatly exceeds
6480 ** the number of table searches or result rows, that would tend to indicate
6481 ** that the prepared statement is using a full table scan rather than
6482 ** an index.
6483 **
6484 ** ^(This interface is used to retrieve and reset counter values from
6485 ** a [prepared statement].  The first argument is the prepared statement
6486 ** object to be interrogated.  The second argument
6487 ** is an integer code for a specific [SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter]
6488 ** to be interrogated.)^
6489 ** ^The current value of the requested counter is returned.
6490 ** ^If the resetFlg is true, then the counter is reset to zero after this
6491 ** interface call returns.
6492 **
6493 ** See also: [sqlite3_status()] and [sqlite3_db_status()].
6494 */
6495 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_status(sqlite3_stmt*, int op,int resetFlg);
6496 
6497 /*
6498 ** CAPI3REF: Status Parameters for prepared statements
6499 ** KEYWORDS: {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counter} {SQLITE_STMTSTATUS counters}
6500 **
6501 ** These preprocessor macros define integer codes that name counter
6502 ** values associated with the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface.
6503 ** The meanings of the various counters are as follows:
6504 **
6505 ** <dl>
6506 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP</dt>
6507 ** <dd>^This is the number of times that SQLite has stepped forward in
6508 ** a table as part of a full table scan.  Large numbers for this counter
6509 ** may indicate opportunities for performance improvement through
6510 ** careful use of indices.</dd>
6511 **
6512 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT</dt>
6513 ** <dd>^This is the number of sort operations that have occurred.
6514 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6515 ** improvement performance through careful use of indices.</dd>
6516 **
6517 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX</dt>
6518 ** <dd>^This is the number of rows inserted into transient indices that
6519 ** were created automatically in order to help joins run faster.
6520 ** A non-zero value in this counter may indicate an opportunity to
6521 ** improvement performance by adding permanent indices that do not
6522 ** need to be reinitialized each time the statement is run.</dd>
6523 **
6524 ** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP</dt>
6525 ** <dd>^This is the number of virtual machine operations executed
6526 ** by the prepared statement if that number is less than or equal
6527 ** to 2147483647.  The number of virtual machine operations can be
6528 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
6529 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
6530 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
6531 ** </dd>
6532 ** </dl>
6533 */
6534 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP     1
6535 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
6536 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
6537 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
6538 
6539 /*
6540 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6541 **
6542 ** The sqlite3_pcache type is opaque.  It is implemented by
6543 ** the pluggable module.  The SQLite core has no knowledge of
6544 ** its size or internal structure and never deals with the
6545 ** sqlite3_pcache object except by holding and passing pointers
6546 ** to the object.
6547 **
6548 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6549 */
6550 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache sqlite3_pcache;
6551 
6552 /*
6553 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
6554 **
6555 ** The sqlite3_pcache_page object represents a single page in the
6556 ** page cache.  The page cache will allocate instances of this
6557 ** object.  Various methods of the page cache use pointers to instances
6558 ** of this object as parameters or as their return value.
6559 **
6560 ** See [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] for additional information.
6561 */
6562 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_page sqlite3_pcache_page;
6563 struct sqlite3_pcache_page {
6564   void *pBuf;        /* The content of the page */
6565   void *pExtra;      /* Extra information associated with the page */
6566 };
6567 
6568 /*
6569 ** CAPI3REF: Application Defined Page Cache.
6570 ** KEYWORDS: {page cache}
6571 **
6572 ** ^(The [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2], ...) interface can
6573 ** register an alternative page cache implementation by passing in an
6574 ** instance of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure.)^
6575 ** In many applications, most of the heap memory allocated by
6576 ** SQLite is used for the page cache.
6577 ** By implementing a
6578 ** custom page cache using this API, an application can better control
6579 ** the amount of memory consumed by SQLite, the way in which
6580 ** that memory is allocated and released, and the policies used to
6581 ** determine exactly which parts of a database file are cached and for
6582 ** how long.
6583 **
6584 ** The alternative page cache mechanism is an
6585 ** extreme measure that is only needed by the most demanding applications.
6586 ** The built-in page cache is recommended for most uses.
6587 **
6588 ** ^(The contents of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2 structure are copied to an
6589 ** internal buffer by SQLite within the call to [sqlite3_config].  Hence
6590 ** the application may discard the parameter after the call to
6591 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns.)^
6592 **
6593 ** [[the xInit() page cache method]]
6594 ** ^(The xInit() method is called once for each effective
6595 ** call to [sqlite3_initialize()])^
6596 ** (usually only once during the lifetime of the process). ^(The xInit()
6597 ** method is passed a copy of the sqlite3_pcache_methods2.pArg value.)^
6598 ** The intent of the xInit() method is to set up global data structures
6599 ** required by the custom page cache implementation.
6600 ** ^(If the xInit() method is NULL, then the
6601 ** built-in default page cache is used instead of the application defined
6602 ** page cache.)^
6603 **
6604 ** [[the xShutdown() page cache method]]
6605 ** ^The xShutdown() method is called by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
6606 ** It can be used to clean up
6607 ** any outstanding resources before process shutdown, if required.
6608 ** ^The xShutdown() method may be NULL.
6609 **
6610 ** ^SQLite automatically serializes calls to the xInit method,
6611 ** so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  ^The
6612 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
6613 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  All other methods must be threadsafe
6614 ** in multithreaded applications.
6615 **
6616 ** ^SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
6617 ** call to xShutdown().
6618 **
6619 ** [[the xCreate() page cache methods]]
6620 ** ^SQLite invokes the xCreate() method to construct a new cache instance.
6621 ** SQLite will typically create one cache instance for each open database file,
6622 ** though this is not guaranteed. ^The
6623 ** first parameter, szPage, is the size in bytes of the pages that must
6624 ** be allocated by the cache.  ^szPage will always a power of two.  ^The
6625 ** second parameter szExtra is a number of bytes of extra storage
6626 ** associated with each page cache entry.  ^The szExtra parameter will
6627 ** a number less than 250.  SQLite will use the
6628 ** extra szExtra bytes on each page to store metadata about the underlying
6629 ** database page on disk.  The value passed into szExtra depends
6630 ** on the SQLite version, the target platform, and how SQLite was compiled.
6631 ** ^The third argument to xCreate(), bPurgeable, is true if the cache being
6632 ** created will be used to cache database pages of a file stored on disk, or
6633 ** false if it is used for an in-memory database. The cache implementation
6634 ** does not have to do anything special based with the value of bPurgeable;
6635 ** it is purely advisory.  ^On a cache where bPurgeable is false, SQLite will
6636 ** never invoke xUnpin() except to deliberately delete a page.
6637 ** ^In other words, calls to xUnpin() on a cache with bPurgeable set to
6638 ** false will always have the "discard" flag set to true.
6639 ** ^Hence, a cache created with bPurgeable false will
6640 ** never contain any unpinned pages.
6641 **
6642 ** [[the xCachesize() page cache method]]
6643 ** ^(The xCachesize() method may be called at any time by SQLite to set the
6644 ** suggested maximum cache-size (number of pages stored by) the cache
6645 ** instance passed as the first argument. This is the value configured using
6646 ** the SQLite "[PRAGMA cache_size]" command.)^  As with the bPurgeable
6647 ** parameter, the implementation is not required to do anything with this
6648 ** value; it is advisory only.
6649 **
6650 ** [[the xPagecount() page cache methods]]
6651 ** The xPagecount() method must return the number of pages currently
6652 ** stored in the cache, both pinned and unpinned.
6653 **
6654 ** [[the xFetch() page cache methods]]
6655 ** The xFetch() method locates a page in the cache and returns a pointer to
6656 ** an sqlite3_pcache_page object associated with that page, or a NULL pointer.
6657 ** The pBuf element of the returned sqlite3_pcache_page object will be a
6658 ** pointer to a buffer of szPage bytes used to store the content of a
6659 ** single database page.  The pExtra element of sqlite3_pcache_page will be
6660 ** a pointer to the szExtra bytes of extra storage that SQLite has requested
6661 ** for each entry in the page cache.
6662 **
6663 ** The page to be fetched is determined by the key. ^The minimum key value
6664 ** is 1.  After it has been retrieved using xFetch, the page is considered
6665 ** to be "pinned".
6666 **
6667 ** If the requested page is already in the page cache, then the page cache
6668 ** implementation must return a pointer to the page buffer with its content
6669 ** intact.  If the requested page is not already in the cache, then the
6670 ** cache implementation should use the value of the createFlag
6671 ** parameter to help it determined what action to take:
6672 **
6673 ** <table border=1 width=85% align=center>
6674 ** <tr><th> createFlag <th> Behavior when page is not already in cache
6675 ** <tr><td> 0 <td> Do not allocate a new page.  Return NULL.
6676 ** <tr><td> 1 <td> Allocate a new page if it easy and convenient to do so.
6677 **                 Otherwise return NULL.
6678 ** <tr><td> 2 <td> Make every effort to allocate a new page.  Only return
6679 **                 NULL if allocating a new page is effectively impossible.
6680 ** </table>
6681 **
6682 ** ^(SQLite will normally invoke xFetch() with a createFlag of 0 or 1.  SQLite
6683 ** will only use a createFlag of 2 after a prior call with a createFlag of 1
6684 ** failed.)^  In between the to xFetch() calls, SQLite may
6685 ** attempt to unpin one or more cache pages by spilling the content of
6686 ** pinned pages to disk and synching the operating system disk cache.
6687 **
6688 ** [[the xUnpin() page cache method]]
6689 ** ^xUnpin() is called by SQLite with a pointer to a currently pinned page
6690 ** as its second argument.  If the third parameter, discard, is non-zero,
6691 ** then the page must be evicted from the cache.
6692 ** ^If the discard parameter is
6693 ** zero, then the page may be discarded or retained at the discretion of
6694 ** page cache implementation. ^The page cache implementation
6695 ** may choose to evict unpinned pages at any time.
6696 **
6697 ** The cache must not perform any reference counting. A single
6698 ** call to xUnpin() unpins the page regardless of the number of prior calls
6699 ** to xFetch().
6700 **
6701 ** [[the xRekey() page cache methods]]
6702 ** The xRekey() method is used to change the key value associated with the
6703 ** page passed as the second argument. If the cache
6704 ** previously contains an entry associated with newKey, it must be
6705 ** discarded. ^Any prior cache entry associated with newKey is guaranteed not
6706 ** to be pinned.
6707 **
6708 ** When SQLite calls the xTruncate() method, the cache must discard all
6709 ** existing cache entries with page numbers (keys) greater than or equal
6710 ** to the value of the iLimit parameter passed to xTruncate(). If any
6711 ** of these pages are pinned, they are implicitly unpinned, meaning that
6712 ** they can be safely discarded.
6713 **
6714 ** [[the xDestroy() page cache method]]
6715 ** ^The xDestroy() method is used to delete a cache allocated by xCreate().
6716 ** All resources associated with the specified cache should be freed. ^After
6717 ** calling the xDestroy() method, SQLite considers the [sqlite3_pcache*]
6718 ** handle invalid, and will not use it with any other sqlite3_pcache_methods2
6719 ** functions.
6720 **
6721 ** [[the xShrink() page cache method]]
6722 ** ^SQLite invokes the xShrink() method when it wants the page cache to
6723 ** free up as much of heap memory as possible.  The page cache implementation
6724 ** is not obligated to free any memory, but well-behaved implementations should
6725 ** do their best.
6726 */
6727 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 sqlite3_pcache_methods2;
6728 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods2 {
6729   int iVersion;
6730   void *pArg;
6731   int (*xInit)(void*);
6732   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6733   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int szExtra, int bPurgeable);
6734   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6735   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6736   sqlite3_pcache_page *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6737   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*, int discard);
6738   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, sqlite3_pcache_page*,
6739       unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6740   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6741   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6742   void (*xShrink)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6743 };
6744 
6745 /*
6746 ** This is the obsolete pcache_methods object that has now been replaced
6747 ** by sqlite3_pcache_methods2.  This object is not used by SQLite.  It is
6748 ** retained in the header file for backwards compatibility only.
6749 */
6750 typedef struct sqlite3_pcache_methods sqlite3_pcache_methods;
6751 struct sqlite3_pcache_methods {
6752   void *pArg;
6753   int (*xInit)(void*);
6754   void (*xShutdown)(void*);
6755   sqlite3_pcache *(*xCreate)(int szPage, int bPurgeable);
6756   void (*xCachesize)(sqlite3_pcache*, int nCachesize);
6757   int (*xPagecount)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6758   void *(*xFetch)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned key, int createFlag);
6759   void (*xUnpin)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, int discard);
6760   void (*xRekey)(sqlite3_pcache*, void*, unsigned oldKey, unsigned newKey);
6761   void (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_pcache*, unsigned iLimit);
6762   void (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_pcache*);
6763 };
6764 
6765 
6766 /*
6767 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup Object
6768 **
6769 ** The sqlite3_backup object records state information about an ongoing
6770 ** online backup operation.  ^The sqlite3_backup object is created by
6771 ** a call to [sqlite3_backup_init()] and is destroyed by a call to
6772 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish()].
6773 **
6774 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6775 */
6776 typedef struct sqlite3_backup sqlite3_backup;
6777 
6778 /*
6779 ** CAPI3REF: Online Backup API.
6780 **
6781 ** The backup API copies the content of one database into another.
6782 ** It is useful either for creating backups of databases or
6783 ** for copying in-memory databases to or from persistent files.
6784 **
6785 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Online Backup API]
6786 **
6787 ** ^SQLite holds a write transaction open on the destination database file
6788 ** for the duration of the backup operation.
6789 ** ^The source database is read-locked only while it is being read;
6790 ** it is not locked continuously for the entire backup operation.
6791 ** ^Thus, the backup may be performed on a live source database without
6792 ** preventing other database connections from
6793 ** reading or writing to the source database while the backup is underway.
6794 **
6795 ** ^(To perform a backup operation:
6796 **   <ol>
6797 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b> is called once to initialize the
6798 **         backup,
6799 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b> is called one or more times to transfer
6800 **         the data between the two databases, and finally
6801 **     <li><b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b> is called to release all resources
6802 **         associated with the backup operation.
6803 **   </ol>)^
6804 ** There should be exactly one call to sqlite3_backup_finish() for each
6805 ** successful call to sqlite3_backup_init().
6806 **
6807 ** [[sqlite3_backup_init()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_init()</b>
6808 **
6809 ** ^The D and N arguments to sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) are the
6810 ** [database connection] associated with the destination database
6811 ** and the database name, respectively.
6812 ** ^The database name is "main" for the main database, "temp" for the
6813 ** temporary database, or the name specified after the AS keyword in
6814 ** an [ATTACH] statement for an attached database.
6815 ** ^The S and M arguments passed to
6816 ** sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) identify the [database connection]
6817 ** and database name of the source database, respectively.
6818 ** ^The source and destination [database connections] (parameters S and D)
6819 ** must be different or else sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M) will fail with
6820 ** an error.
6821 **
6822 ** ^If an error occurs within sqlite3_backup_init(D,N,S,M), then NULL is
6823 ** returned and an error code and error message are stored in the
6824 ** destination [database connection] D.
6825 ** ^The error code and message for the failed call to sqlite3_backup_init()
6826 ** can be retrieved using the [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and/or
6827 ** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] functions.
6828 ** ^A successful call to sqlite3_backup_init() returns a pointer to an
6829 ** [sqlite3_backup] object.
6830 ** ^The [sqlite3_backup] object may be used with the sqlite3_backup_step() and
6831 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() functions to perform the specified backup
6832 ** operation.
6833 **
6834 ** [[sqlite3_backup_step()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_step()</b>
6835 **
6836 ** ^Function sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) will copy up to N pages between
6837 ** the source and destination databases specified by [sqlite3_backup] object B.
6838 ** ^If N is negative, all remaining source pages are copied.
6839 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully copies N pages and there
6840 ** are still more pages to be copied, then the function returns [SQLITE_OK].
6841 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step(B,N) successfully finishes copying all pages
6842 ** from source to destination, then it returns [SQLITE_DONE].
6843 ** ^If an error occurs while running sqlite3_backup_step(B,N),
6844 ** then an [error code] is returned. ^As well as [SQLITE_OK] and
6845 ** [SQLITE_DONE], a call to sqlite3_backup_step() may return [SQLITE_READONLY],
6846 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], [SQLITE_LOCKED], or an
6847 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX] extended error code.
6848 **
6849 ** ^(The sqlite3_backup_step() might return [SQLITE_READONLY] if
6850 ** <ol>
6851 ** <li> the destination database was opened read-only, or
6852 ** <li> the destination database is using write-ahead-log journaling
6853 ** and the destination and source page sizes differ, or
6854 ** <li> the destination database is an in-memory database and the
6855 ** destination and source page sizes differ.
6856 ** </ol>)^
6857 **
6858 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() cannot obtain a required file-system lock, then
6859 ** the [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy-handler function]
6860 ** is invoked (if one is specified). ^If the
6861 ** busy-handler returns non-zero before the lock is available, then
6862 ** [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned to the caller. ^In this case the call to
6863 ** sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later. ^If the source
6864 ** [database connection]
6865 ** is being used to write to the source database when sqlite3_backup_step()
6866 ** is called, then [SQLITE_LOCKED] is returned immediately. ^Again, in this
6867 ** case the call to sqlite3_backup_step() can be retried later on. ^(If
6868 ** [SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS | SQLITE_IOERR_XXX], [SQLITE_NOMEM], or
6869 ** [SQLITE_READONLY] is returned, then
6870 ** there is no point in retrying the call to sqlite3_backup_step(). These
6871 ** errors are considered fatal.)^  The application must accept
6872 ** that the backup operation has failed and pass the backup operation handle
6873 ** to the sqlite3_backup_finish() to release associated resources.
6874 **
6875 ** ^The first call to sqlite3_backup_step() obtains an exclusive lock
6876 ** on the destination file. ^The exclusive lock is not released until either
6877 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() is called or the backup operation is complete
6878 ** and sqlite3_backup_step() returns [SQLITE_DONE].  ^Every call to
6879 ** sqlite3_backup_step() obtains a [shared lock] on the source database that
6880 ** lasts for the duration of the sqlite3_backup_step() call.
6881 ** ^Because the source database is not locked between calls to
6882 ** sqlite3_backup_step(), the source database may be modified mid-way
6883 ** through the backup process.  ^If the source database is modified by an
6884 ** external process or via a database connection other than the one being
6885 ** used by the backup operation, then the backup will be automatically
6886 ** restarted by the next call to sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source
6887 ** database is modified by the using the same database connection as is used
6888 ** by the backup operation, then the backup database is automatically
6889 ** updated at the same time.
6890 **
6891 ** [[sqlite3_backup_finish()]] <b>sqlite3_backup_finish()</b>
6892 **
6893 ** When sqlite3_backup_step() has returned [SQLITE_DONE], or when the
6894 ** application wishes to abandon the backup operation, the application
6895 ** should destroy the [sqlite3_backup] by passing it to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6896 ** ^The sqlite3_backup_finish() interfaces releases all
6897 ** resources associated with the [sqlite3_backup] object.
6898 ** ^If sqlite3_backup_step() has not yet returned [SQLITE_DONE], then any
6899 ** active write-transaction on the destination database is rolled back.
6900 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object is invalid
6901 ** and may not be used following a call to sqlite3_backup_finish().
6902 **
6903 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_backup_finish is [SQLITE_OK] if no
6904 ** sqlite3_backup_step() errors occurred, regardless or whether or not
6905 ** sqlite3_backup_step() completed.
6906 ** ^If an out-of-memory condition or IO error occurred during any prior
6907 ** sqlite3_backup_step() call on the same [sqlite3_backup] object, then
6908 ** sqlite3_backup_finish() returns the corresponding [error code].
6909 **
6910 ** ^A return of [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_LOCKED] from sqlite3_backup_step()
6911 ** is not a permanent error and does not affect the return value of
6912 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().
6913 **
6914 ** [[sqlite3_backup__remaining()]] [[sqlite3_backup_pagecount()]]
6915 ** <b>sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()</b>
6916 **
6917 ** ^Each call to sqlite3_backup_step() sets two values inside
6918 ** the [sqlite3_backup] object: the number of pages still to be backed
6919 ** up and the total number of pages in the source database file.
6920 ** The sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount() interfaces
6921 ** retrieve these two values, respectively.
6922 **
6923 ** ^The values returned by these functions are only updated by
6924 ** sqlite3_backup_step(). ^If the source database is modified during a backup
6925 ** operation, then the values are not updated to account for any extra
6926 ** pages that need to be updated or the size of the source database file
6927 ** changing.
6928 **
6929 ** <b>Concurrent Usage of Database Handles</b>
6930 **
6931 ** ^The source [database connection] may be used by the application for other
6932 ** purposes while a backup operation is underway or being initialized.
6933 ** ^If SQLite is compiled and configured to support threadsafe database
6934 ** connections, then the source database connection may be used concurrently
6935 ** from within other threads.
6936 **
6937 ** However, the application must guarantee that the destination
6938 ** [database connection] is not passed to any other API (by any thread) after
6939 ** sqlite3_backup_init() is called and before the corresponding call to
6940 ** sqlite3_backup_finish().  SQLite does not currently check to see
6941 ** if the application incorrectly accesses the destination [database connection]
6942 ** and so no error code is reported, but the operations may malfunction
6943 ** nevertheless.  Use of the destination database connection while a
6944 ** backup is in progress might also also cause a mutex deadlock.
6945 **
6946 ** If running in [shared cache mode], the application must
6947 ** guarantee that the shared cache used by the destination database
6948 ** is not accessed while the backup is running. In practice this means
6949 ** that the application must guarantee that the disk file being
6950 ** backed up to is not accessed by any connection within the process,
6951 ** not just the specific connection that was passed to sqlite3_backup_init().
6952 **
6953 ** The [sqlite3_backup] object itself is partially threadsafe. Multiple
6954 ** threads may safely make multiple concurrent calls to sqlite3_backup_step().
6955 ** However, the sqlite3_backup_remaining() and sqlite3_backup_pagecount()
6956 ** APIs are not strictly speaking threadsafe. If they are invoked at the
6957 ** same time as another thread is invoking sqlite3_backup_step() it is
6958 ** possible that they return invalid values.
6959 */
6960 SQLITE_API sqlite3_backup *sqlite3_backup_init(
6961   sqlite3 *pDest,                        /* Destination database handle */
6962   const char *zDestName,                 /* Destination database name */
6963   sqlite3 *pSource,                      /* Source database handle */
6964   const char *zSourceName                /* Source database name */
6965 );
6966 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_step(sqlite3_backup *p, int nPage);
6967 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_finish(sqlite3_backup *p);
6968 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_remaining(sqlite3_backup *p);
6969 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_backup_pagecount(sqlite3_backup *p);
6970 
6971 /*
6972 ** CAPI3REF: Unlock Notification
6973 **
6974 ** ^When running in shared-cache mode, a database operation may fail with
6975 ** an [SQLITE_LOCKED] error if the required locks on the shared-cache or
6976 ** individual tables within the shared-cache cannot be obtained. See
6977 ** [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode] for a description of shared-cache locking.
6978 ** ^This API may be used to register a callback that SQLite will invoke
6979 ** when the connection currently holding the required lock relinquishes it.
6980 ** ^This API is only available if the library was compiled with the
6981 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY] C-preprocessor symbol defined.
6982 **
6983 ** See Also: [Using the SQLite Unlock Notification Feature].
6984 **
6985 ** ^Shared-cache locks are released when a database connection concludes
6986 ** its current transaction, either by committing it or rolling it back.
6987 **
6988 ** ^When a connection (known as the blocked connection) fails to obtain a
6989 ** shared-cache lock and SQLITE_LOCKED is returned to the caller, the
6990 ** identity of the database connection (the blocking connection) that
6991 ** has locked the required resource is stored internally. ^After an
6992 ** application receives an SQLITE_LOCKED error, it may call the
6993 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() method with the blocked connection handle as
6994 ** the first argument to register for a callback that will be invoked
6995 ** when the blocking connections current transaction is concluded. ^The
6996 ** callback is invoked from within the [sqlite3_step] or [sqlite3_close]
6997 ** call that concludes the blocking connections transaction.
6998 **
6999 ** ^(If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called in a multi-threaded application,
7000 ** there is a chance that the blocking connection will have already
7001 ** concluded its transaction by the time sqlite3_unlock_notify() is invoked.
7002 ** If this happens, then the specified callback is invoked immediately,
7003 ** from within the call to sqlite3_unlock_notify().)^
7004 **
7005 ** ^If the blocked connection is attempting to obtain a write-lock on a
7006 ** shared-cache table, and more than one other connection currently holds
7007 ** a read-lock on the same table, then SQLite arbitrarily selects one of
7008 ** the other connections to use as the blocking connection.
7009 **
7010 ** ^(There may be at most one unlock-notify callback registered by a
7011 ** blocked connection. If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is called when the
7012 ** blocked connection already has a registered unlock-notify callback,
7013 ** then the new callback replaces the old.)^ ^If sqlite3_unlock_notify() is
7014 ** called with a NULL pointer as its second argument, then any existing
7015 ** unlock-notify callback is canceled. ^The blocked connections
7016 ** unlock-notify callback may also be canceled by closing the blocked
7017 ** connection using [sqlite3_close()].
7018 **
7019 ** The unlock-notify callback is not reentrant. If an application invokes
7020 ** any sqlite3_xxx API functions from within an unlock-notify callback, a
7021 ** crash or deadlock may be the result.
7022 **
7023 ** ^Unless deadlock is detected (see below), sqlite3_unlock_notify() always
7024 ** returns SQLITE_OK.
7025 **
7026 ** <b>Callback Invocation Details</b>
7027 **
7028 ** When an unlock-notify callback is registered, the application provides a
7029 ** single void* pointer that is passed to the callback when it is invoked.
7030 ** However, the signature of the callback function allows SQLite to pass
7031 ** it an array of void* context pointers. The first argument passed to
7032 ** an unlock-notify callback is a pointer to an array of void* pointers,
7033 ** and the second is the number of entries in the array.
7034 **
7035 ** When a blocking connections transaction is concluded, there may be
7036 ** more than one blocked connection that has registered for an unlock-notify
7037 ** callback. ^If two or more such blocked connections have specified the
7038 ** same callback function, then instead of invoking the callback function
7039 ** multiple times, it is invoked once with the set of void* context pointers
7040 ** specified by the blocked connections bundled together into an array.
7041 ** This gives the application an opportunity to prioritize any actions
7042 ** related to the set of unblocked database connections.
7043 **
7044 ** <b>Deadlock Detection</b>
7045 **
7046 ** Assuming that after registering for an unlock-notify callback a
7047 ** database waits for the callback to be issued before taking any further
7048 ** action (a reasonable assumption), then using this API may cause the
7049 ** application to deadlock. For example, if connection X is waiting for
7050 ** connection Y's transaction to be concluded, and similarly connection
7051 ** Y is waiting on connection X's transaction, then neither connection
7052 ** will proceed and the system may remain deadlocked indefinitely.
7053 **
7054 ** To avoid this scenario, the sqlite3_unlock_notify() performs deadlock
7055 ** detection. ^If a given call to sqlite3_unlock_notify() would put the
7056 ** system in a deadlocked state, then SQLITE_LOCKED is returned and no
7057 ** unlock-notify callback is registered. The system is said to be in
7058 ** a deadlocked state if connection A has registered for an unlock-notify
7059 ** callback on the conclusion of connection B's transaction, and connection
7060 ** B has itself registered for an unlock-notify callback when connection
7061 ** A's transaction is concluded. ^Indirect deadlock is also detected, so
7062 ** the system is also considered to be deadlocked if connection B has
7063 ** registered for an unlock-notify callback on the conclusion of connection
7064 ** C's transaction, where connection C is waiting on connection A. ^Any
7065 ** number of levels of indirection are allowed.
7066 **
7067 ** <b>The "DROP TABLE" Exception</b>
7068 **
7069 ** When a call to [sqlite3_step()] returns SQLITE_LOCKED, it is almost
7070 ** always appropriate to call sqlite3_unlock_notify(). There is however,
7071 ** one exception. When executing a "DROP TABLE" or "DROP INDEX" statement,
7072 ** SQLite checks if there are any currently executing SELECT statements
7073 ** that belong to the same connection. If there are, SQLITE_LOCKED is
7074 ** returned. In this case there is no "blocking connection", so invoking
7075 ** sqlite3_unlock_notify() results in the unlock-notify callback being
7076 ** invoked immediately. If the application then re-attempts the "DROP TABLE"
7077 ** or "DROP INDEX" query, an infinite loop might be the result.
7078 **
7079 ** One way around this problem is to check the extended error code returned
7080 ** by an sqlite3_step() call. ^(If there is a blocking connection, then the
7081 ** extended error code is set to SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE. Otherwise, in
7082 ** the special "DROP TABLE/INDEX" case, the extended error code is just
7083 ** SQLITE_LOCKED.)^
7084 */
7085 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_unlock_notify(
7086   sqlite3 *pBlocked,                          /* Waiting connection */
7087   void (*xNotify)(void **apArg, int nArg),    /* Callback function to invoke */
7088   void *pNotifyArg                            /* Argument to pass to xNotify */
7089 );
7090 
7091 
7092 /*
7093 ** CAPI3REF: String Comparison
7094 **
7095 ** ^The [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()] APIs allow applications
7096 ** and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers containing UTF-8
7097 ** strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same definition of "case
7098 ** independence" that SQLite uses internally when comparing identifiers.
7099 */
7100 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stricmp(const char *, const char *);
7101 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strnicmp(const char *, const char *, int);
7102 
7103 /*
7104 ** CAPI3REF: String Globbing
7105 *
7106 ** ^The [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] interface returns zero if string X matches
7107 ** the glob pattern P, and it returns non-zero if string X does not match
7108 ** the glob pattern P.  ^The definition of glob pattern matching used in
7109 ** [sqlite3_strglob(P,X)] is the same as for the "X GLOB P" operator in the
7110 ** SQL dialect used by SQLite.  ^The sqlite3_strglob(P,X) function is case
7111 ** sensitive.
7112 **
7113 ** Note that this routine returns zero on a match and non-zero if the strings
7114 ** do not match, the same as [sqlite3_stricmp()] and [sqlite3_strnicmp()].
7115 */
7116 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_strglob(const char *zGlob, const char *zStr);
7117 
7118 /*
7119 ** CAPI3REF: Error Logging Interface
7120 **
7121 ** ^The [sqlite3_log()] interface writes a message into the [error log]
7122 ** established by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG] option to [sqlite3_config()].
7123 ** ^If logging is enabled, the zFormat string and subsequent arguments are
7124 ** used with [sqlite3_snprintf()] to generate the final output string.
7125 **
7126 ** The sqlite3_log() interface is intended for use by extensions such as
7127 ** virtual tables, collating functions, and SQL functions.  While there is
7128 ** nothing to prevent an application from calling sqlite3_log(), doing so
7129 ** is considered bad form.
7130 **
7131 ** The zFormat string must not be NULL.
7132 **
7133 ** To avoid deadlocks and other threading problems, the sqlite3_log() routine
7134 ** will not use dynamically allocated memory.  The log message is stored in
7135 ** a fixed-length buffer on the stack.  If the log message is longer than
7136 ** a few hundred characters, it will be truncated to the length of the
7137 ** buffer.
7138 */
7139 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_log(int iErrCode, const char *zFormat, ...);
7140 
7141 /*
7142 ** CAPI3REF: Write-Ahead Log Commit Hook
7143 **
7144 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_hook()] function is used to register a callback that
7145 ** will be invoked each time a database connection commits data to a
7146 ** [write-ahead log] (i.e. whenever a transaction is committed in
7147 ** [journal_mode | journal_mode=WAL mode]).
7148 **
7149 ** ^The callback is invoked by SQLite after the commit has taken place and
7150 ** the associated write-lock on the database released, so the implementation
7151 ** may read, write or [checkpoint] the database as required.
7152 **
7153 ** ^The first parameter passed to the callback function when it is invoked
7154 ** is a copy of the third parameter passed to sqlite3_wal_hook() when
7155 ** registering the callback. ^The second is a copy of the database handle.
7156 ** ^The third parameter is the name of the database that was written to -
7157 ** either "main" or the name of an [ATTACH]-ed database. ^The fourth parameter
7158 ** is the number of pages currently in the write-ahead log file,
7159 ** including those that were just committed.
7160 **
7161 ** The callback function should normally return [SQLITE_OK].  ^If an error
7162 ** code is returned, that error will propagate back up through the
7163 ** SQLite code base to cause the statement that provoked the callback
7164 ** to report an error, though the commit will have still occurred. If the
7165 ** callback returns [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE], or if it returns a value
7166 ** that does not correspond to any valid SQLite error code, the results
7167 ** are undefined.
7168 **
7169 ** A single database handle may have at most a single write-ahead log callback
7170 ** registered at one time. ^Calling [sqlite3_wal_hook()] replaces any
7171 ** previously registered write-ahead log callback. ^Note that the
7172 ** [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7173 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] both invoke [sqlite3_wal_hook()] and will
7174 ** those overwrite any prior [sqlite3_wal_hook()] settings.
7175 */
7176 SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_wal_hook(
7177   sqlite3*,
7178   int(*)(void *,sqlite3*,const char*,int),
7179   void*
7180 );
7181 
7182 /*
7183 ** CAPI3REF: Configure an auto-checkpoint
7184 **
7185 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(D,N)] is a wrapper around
7186 ** [sqlite3_wal_hook()] that causes any database on [database connection] D
7187 ** to automatically [checkpoint]
7188 ** after committing a transaction if there are N or
7189 ** more frames in the [write-ahead log] file.  ^Passing zero or
7190 ** a negative value as the nFrame parameter disables automatic
7191 ** checkpoints entirely.
7192 **
7193 ** ^The callback registered by this function replaces any existing callback
7194 ** registered using [sqlite3_wal_hook()].  ^Likewise, registering a callback
7195 ** using [sqlite3_wal_hook()] disables the automatic checkpoint mechanism
7196 ** configured by this function.
7197 **
7198 ** ^The [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7199 ** from SQL.
7200 **
7201 ** ^Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism are
7202 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE].
7203 **
7204 ** ^Every new [database connection] defaults to having the auto-checkpoint
7205 ** enabled with a threshold of 1000 or [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT]
7206 ** pages.  The use of this interface
7207 ** is only necessary if the default setting is found to be suboptimal
7208 ** for a particular application.
7209 */
7210 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint(sqlite3 *db, int N);
7211 
7212 /*
7213 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7214 **
7215 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface causes database named X
7216 ** on [database connection] D to be [checkpointed].  ^If X is NULL or an
7217 ** empty string, then a checkpoint is run on all databases of
7218 ** connection D.  ^If the database connection D is not in
7219 ** [WAL | write-ahead log mode] then this interface is a harmless no-op.
7220 ** ^The [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(D,X)] interface initiates a
7221 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2|PASSIVE] checkpoint.
7222 ** Use the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()] interface to get a FULL
7223 ** or RESET checkpoint.
7224 **
7225 ** ^The [wal_checkpoint pragma] can be used to invoke this interface
7226 ** from SQL.  ^The [sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint()] interface and the
7227 ** [wal_autocheckpoint pragma] can be used to cause this interface to be
7228 ** run whenever the WAL reaches a certain size threshold.
7229 **
7230 ** See also: [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7231 */
7232 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb);
7233 
7234 /*
7235 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint a database
7236 **
7237 ** Run a checkpoint operation on WAL database zDb attached to database
7238 ** handle db. The specific operation is determined by the value of the
7239 ** eMode parameter:
7240 **
7241 ** <dl>
7242 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE<dd>
7243 **   Checkpoint as many frames as possible without waiting for any database
7244 **   readers or writers to finish. Sync the db file if all frames in the log
7245 **   are checkpointed. This mode is the same as calling
7246 **   sqlite3_wal_checkpoint(). The [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]
7247 **   is never invoked.
7248 **
7249 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL<dd>
7250 **   This mode blocks (it invokes the
7251 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback]) until there is no
7252 **   database writer and all readers are reading from the most recent database
7253 **   snapshot. It then checkpoints all frames in the log file and syncs the
7254 **   database file. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7255 **   but not database readers.
7256 **
7257 ** <dt>SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART<dd>
7258 **   This mode works the same way as SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL, except after
7259 **   checkpointing the log file it blocks (calls the
7260 **   [sqlite3_busy_handler|busy-handler callback])
7261 **   until all readers are reading from the database file only. This ensures
7262 **   that the next client to write to the database file restarts the log file
7263 **   from the beginning. This call blocks database writers while it is running,
7264 **   but not database readers.
7265 ** </dl>
7266 **
7267 ** If pnLog is not NULL, then *pnLog is set to the total number of frames in
7268 ** the log file before returning. If pnCkpt is not NULL, then *pnCkpt is set to
7269 ** the total number of checkpointed frames (including any that were already
7270 ** checkpointed when this function is called). *pnLog and *pnCkpt may be
7271 ** populated even if sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2() returns other than SQLITE_OK.
7272 ** If no values are available because of an error, they are both set to -1
7273 ** before returning to communicate this to the caller.
7274 **
7275 ** All calls obtain an exclusive "checkpoint" lock on the database file. If
7276 ** any other process is running a checkpoint operation at the same time, the
7277 ** lock cannot be obtained and SQLITE_BUSY is returned. Even if there is a
7278 ** busy-handler configured, it will not be invoked in this case.
7279 **
7280 ** The SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL and RESTART modes also obtain the exclusive
7281 ** "writer" lock on the database file. If the writer lock cannot be obtained
7282 ** immediately, and a busy-handler is configured, it is invoked and the writer
7283 ** lock retried until either the busy-handler returns 0 or the lock is
7284 ** successfully obtained. The busy-handler is also invoked while waiting for
7285 ** database readers as described above. If the busy-handler returns 0 before
7286 ** the writer lock is obtained or while waiting for database readers, the
7287 ** checkpoint operation proceeds from that point in the same way as
7288 ** SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE - checkpointing as many frames as possible
7289 ** without blocking any further. SQLITE_BUSY is returned in this case.
7290 **
7291 ** If parameter zDb is NULL or points to a zero length string, then the
7292 ** specified operation is attempted on all WAL databases. In this case the
7293 ** values written to output parameters *pnLog and *pnCkpt are undefined. If
7294 ** an SQLITE_BUSY error is encountered when processing one or more of the
7295 ** attached WAL databases, the operation is still attempted on any remaining
7296 ** attached databases and SQLITE_BUSY is returned to the caller. If any other
7297 ** error occurs while processing an attached database, processing is abandoned
7298 ** and the error code returned to the caller immediately. If no error
7299 ** (SQLITE_BUSY or otherwise) is encountered while processing the attached
7300 ** databases, SQLITE_OK is returned.
7301 **
7302 ** If database zDb is the name of an attached database that is not in WAL
7303 ** mode, SQLITE_OK is returned and both *pnLog and *pnCkpt set to -1. If
7304 ** zDb is not NULL (or a zero length string) and is not the name of any
7305 ** attached database, SQLITE_ERROR is returned to the caller.
7306 */
7307 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2(
7308   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
7309   const char *zDb,                /* Name of attached database (or NULL) */
7310   int eMode,                      /* SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_* value */
7311   int *pnLog,                     /* OUT: Size of WAL log in frames */
7312   int *pnCkpt                     /* OUT: Total number of frames checkpointed */
7313 );
7314 
7315 /*
7316 ** CAPI3REF: Checkpoint operation parameters
7317 **
7318 ** These constants can be used as the 3rd parameter to
7319 ** [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()].  See the [sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2()]
7320 ** documentation for additional information about the meaning and use of
7321 ** each of these values.
7322 */
7323 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE 0
7324 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_FULL    1
7325 #define SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_RESTART 2
7326 
7327 /*
7328 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Interface Configuration
7329 **
7330 ** This function may be called by either the [xConnect] or [xCreate] method
7331 ** of a [virtual table] implementation to configure
7332 ** various facets of the virtual table interface.
7333 **
7334 ** If this interface is invoked outside the context of an xConnect or
7335 ** xCreate virtual table method then the behavior is undefined.
7336 **
7337 ** At present, there is only one option that may be configured using
7338 ** this function. (See [SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT].)  Further options
7339 ** may be added in the future.
7340 */
7341 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
7342 
7343 /*
7344 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Configuration Options
7345 **
7346 ** These macros define the various options to the
7347 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config()] interface that [virtual table] implementations
7348 ** can use to customize and optimize their behavior.
7349 **
7350 ** <dl>
7351 ** <dt>SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT
7352 ** <dd>Calls of the form
7353 ** [sqlite3_vtab_config](db,SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT,X) are supported,
7354 ** where X is an integer.  If X is zero, then the [virtual table] whose
7355 ** [xCreate] or [xConnect] method invoked [sqlite3_vtab_config()] does not
7356 ** support constraints.  In this configuration (which is the default) if
7357 ** a call to the [xUpdate] method returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], then the entire
7358 ** statement is rolled back as if [ON CONFLICT | OR ABORT] had been
7359 ** specified as part of the users SQL statement, regardless of the actual
7360 ** ON CONFLICT mode specified.
7361 **
7362 ** If X is non-zero, then the virtual table implementation guarantees
7363 ** that if [xUpdate] returns [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], it will do so before
7364 ** any modifications to internal or persistent data structures have been made.
7365 ** If the [ON CONFLICT] mode is ABORT, FAIL, IGNORE or ROLLBACK, SQLite
7366 ** is able to roll back a statement or database transaction, and abandon
7367 ** or continue processing the current SQL statement as appropriate.
7368 ** If the ON CONFLICT mode is REPLACE and the [xUpdate] method returns
7369 ** [SQLITE_CONSTRAINT], SQLite handles this as if the ON CONFLICT mode
7370 ** had been ABORT.
7371 **
7372 ** Virtual table implementations that are required to handle OR REPLACE
7373 ** must do so within the [xUpdate] method. If a call to the
7374 ** [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] function indicates that the current ON
7375 ** CONFLICT policy is REPLACE, the virtual table implementation should
7376 ** silently replace the appropriate rows within the xUpdate callback and
7377 ** return SQLITE_OK. Or, if this is not possible, it may return
7378 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, in which case SQLite falls back to OR ABORT
7379 ** constraint handling.
7380 ** </dl>
7381 */
7382 #define SQLITE_VTAB_CONSTRAINT_SUPPORT 1
7383 
7384 /*
7385 ** CAPI3REF: Determine The Virtual Table Conflict Policy
7386 **
7387 ** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xUpdate] method
7388 ** of a [virtual table] implementation for an INSERT or UPDATE operation. ^The
7389 ** value returned is one of [SQLITE_ROLLBACK], [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_FAIL],
7390 ** [SQLITE_ABORT], or [SQLITE_REPLACE], according to the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7391 ** of the SQL statement that triggered the call to the [xUpdate] method of the
7392 ** [virtual table].
7393 */
7394 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
7395 
7396 /*
7397 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
7398 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
7399 **
7400 ** These constants are returned by [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] to
7401 ** inform a [virtual table] implementation what the [ON CONFLICT] mode
7402 ** is for the SQL statement being evaluated.
7403 **
7404 ** Note that the [SQLITE_IGNORE] constant is also used as a potential
7405 ** return value from the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] callback and that
7406 ** [SQLITE_ABORT] is also a [result code].
7407 */
7408 #define SQLITE_ROLLBACK 1
7409 /* #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2 // Also used by sqlite3_authorizer() callback */
7410 #define SQLITE_FAIL     3
7411 /* #define SQLITE_ABORT 4  // Also an error code */
7412 #define SQLITE_REPLACE  5
7413 
7414 
7415 
7416 /*
7417 ** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
7418 ** builds on processors without floating point support.
7419 */
7420 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
7421 # undef double
7422 #endif
7423 
7424 #ifdef __cplusplus
7425 }  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
7426 #endif
7427 #endif /* _SQLITE3_H_ */
7428 
7429 /*
7430 ** 2010 August 30
7431 **
7432 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
7433 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
7434 **
7435 **    May you do good and not evil.
7436 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
7437 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
7438 **
7439 *************************************************************************
7440 */
7441 
7442 #ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7443 #define _SQLITE3RTREE_H_
7444 
7445 
7446 #ifdef __cplusplus
7447 extern "C" {
7448 #endif
7449 
7450 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
7451 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
7452 
7453 /* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
7454 ** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
7455 */
7456 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
7457   typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7458 #else
7459   typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
7460 #endif
7461 
7462 /*
7463 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
7464 ** R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7465 **
7466 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zGeom(... params ...)
7467 */
7468 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
7469   sqlite3 *db,
7470   const char *zGeom,
7471   int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
7472   void *pContext
7473 );
7474 
7475 
7476 /*
7477 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the first
7478 ** argument to callbacks registered using rtree_geometry_callback().
7479 */
7480 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
7481   void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
7482   int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
7483   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
7484   void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
7485   void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
7486 };
7487 
7488 /*
7489 ** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be
7490 ** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
7491 **
7492 **   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
7493 */
7494 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
7495   sqlite3 *db,
7496   const char *zQueryFunc,
7497   int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
7498   void *pContext,
7499   void (*xDestructor)(void*)
7500 );
7501 
7502 
7503 /*
7504 ** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the
7505 ** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
7506 ** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
7507 **
7508 ** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
7509 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
7510 ** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
7511 */
7512 struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
7513   void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
7514   int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
7515   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
7516   void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
7517   void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
7518   sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
7519   unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
7520   int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
7521   int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
7522   int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
7523   sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
7524   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
7525   int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
7526   int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
7527   sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
7528 };
7529 
7530 /*
7531 ** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
7532 */
7533 #define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
7534 #define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
7535 #define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
7536 
7537 
7538 #ifdef __cplusplus
7539 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
7540 #endif
7541 
7542 #endif  /* ifndef _SQLITE3RTREE_H_ */
7543 
7544