xref: /freebsd/contrib/netcat/netcat.c (revision 8fc257994d0ce2396196d7a06d50d20c8015f4b7)
1 /* $OpenBSD: netcat.c,v 1.95 2010/02/27 00:58:56 nicm Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2001 Eric Jackson <ericj@monkey.org>
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  *
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
15  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  * $FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Re-written nc(1) for OpenBSD. Original implementation by
33  * *Hobbit* <hobbit@avian.org>.
34  */
35 
36 #include <sys/limits.h>
37 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/socket.h>
39 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <sys/un.h>
42 
43 #include <netinet/in.h>
44 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
45 #ifdef IPSEC
46 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
47 #endif
48 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
50 #include <arpa/telnet.h>
51 
52 #include <err.h>
53 #include <errno.h>
54 #include <getopt.h>
55 #include <netdb.h>
56 #include <poll.h>
57 #include <stdarg.h>
58 #include <stdio.h>
59 #include <stdlib.h>
60 #include <string.h>
61 #include <unistd.h>
62 #include <fcntl.h>
63 #include <limits.h>
64 #include "atomicio.h"
65 
66 #ifndef SUN_LEN
67 #define SUN_LEN(su) \
68 	(sizeof(*(su)) - sizeof((su)->sun_path) + strlen((su)->sun_path))
69 #endif
70 
71 #define PORT_MAX	65535
72 #define PORT_MAX_LEN	6
73 
74 /* Command Line Options */
75 int	dflag;					/* detached, no stdin */
76 unsigned int iflag;				/* Interval Flag */
77 int	jflag;					/* use jumbo frames if we can */
78 int	kflag;					/* More than one connect */
79 int	lflag;					/* Bind to local port */
80 int	nflag;					/* Don't do name look up */
81 int	FreeBSD_Oflag;				/* Do not use TCP options */
82 char   *Pflag;					/* Proxy username */
83 char   *pflag;					/* Localport flag */
84 int	rflag;					/* Random ports flag */
85 char   *sflag;					/* Source Address */
86 int	tflag;					/* Telnet Emulation */
87 int	uflag;					/* UDP - Default to TCP */
88 int	vflag;					/* Verbosity */
89 int	xflag;					/* Socks proxy */
90 int	zflag;					/* Port Scan Flag */
91 int	Dflag;					/* sodebug */
92 int	Iflag;					/* TCP receive buffer size */
93 int	Oflag;					/* TCP send buffer size */
94 int	Sflag;					/* TCP MD5 signature option */
95 int	Tflag = -1;				/* IP Type of Service */
96 u_int	rdomain;
97 
98 int timeout = -1;
99 int family = AF_UNSPEC;
100 char *portlist[PORT_MAX+1];
101 
102 void	atelnet(int, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
103 void	build_ports(char *);
104 void	help(void);
105 int	local_listen(char *, char *, struct addrinfo);
106 void	readwrite(int);
107 int	remote_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo);
108 int	socks_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo,
109 	    const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo, int, const char *);
110 int	udptest(int);
111 int	unix_connect(char *);
112 int	unix_listen(char *);
113 void	set_common_sockopts(int);
114 int	parse_iptos(char *);
115 void	usage(int);
116 
117 #ifdef IPSEC
118 void	add_ipsec_policy(int, char *);
119 
120 char	*ipsec_policy[2];
121 #endif
122 
123 int
124 main(int argc, char *argv[])
125 {
126 	int ch, s, ret, socksv, ipsec_count;
127 	int numfibs;
128 	size_t intsize = sizeof(int);
129 	char *host, *uport;
130 	struct addrinfo hints;
131 	struct servent *sv;
132 	socklen_t len;
133 	struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
134 	char *proxy;
135 	const char *errstr, *proxyhost = "", *proxyport = NULL;
136 	struct addrinfo proxyhints;
137 	struct option longopts[] = {
138 		{ "no-tcpopt",	no_argument,	&FreeBSD_Oflag,	1 },
139 		{ NULL,		0,		NULL,		0 }
140 	};
141 
142 	rdomain = 0;
143 	ret = 1;
144 	ipsec_count = 0;
145 	s = 0;
146 	socksv = 5;
147 	host = NULL;
148 	uport = NULL;
149 	sv = NULL;
150 
151 	while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv,
152 	    "46DdEe:hI:i:jklnoO:P:p:rSs:tT:UuV:vw:X:x:z",
153 	    longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
154 		switch (ch) {
155 		case '4':
156 			family = AF_INET;
157 			break;
158 		case '6':
159 			family = AF_INET6;
160 			break;
161 		case 'U':
162 			family = AF_UNIX;
163 			break;
164 		case 'X':
165 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "connect") == 0)
166 				socksv = -1; /* HTTP proxy CONNECT */
167 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "4") == 0)
168 				socksv = 4; /* SOCKS v.4 */
169 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "5") == 0)
170 				socksv = 5; /* SOCKS v.5 */
171 			else
172 				errx(1, "unsupported proxy protocol");
173 			break;
174 		case 'd':
175 			dflag = 1;
176 			break;
177 		case 'e':
178 #ifdef IPSEC
179 			ipsec_policy[ipsec_count++ % 2] = optarg;
180 #else
181 			errx(1, "IPsec support unavailable.");
182 #endif
183 			break;
184 		case 'E':
185 #ifdef IPSEC
186 			ipsec_policy[0] = "in  ipsec esp/transport//require";
187 			ipsec_policy[1] = "out ipsec esp/transport//require";
188 #else
189 			errx(1, "IPsec support unavailable.");
190 #endif
191 			break;
192 		case 'h':
193 			help();
194 			break;
195 		case 'i':
196 			iflag = strtonum(optarg, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
197 			if (errstr)
198 				errx(1, "interval %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
199 			break;
200 #ifdef SO_JUMBO
201 		case 'j':
202 			jflag = 1;
203 			break;
204 #endif
205 		case 'k':
206 			kflag = 1;
207 			break;
208 		case 'l':
209 			lflag = 1;
210 			break;
211 		case 'n':
212 			nflag = 1;
213 			break;
214 		case 'o':
215 			fprintf(stderr, "option -o is deprecated.\n");
216 			break;
217 		case 'P':
218 			Pflag = optarg;
219 			break;
220 		case 'p':
221 			pflag = optarg;
222 			break;
223 		case 'r':
224 			rflag = 1;
225 			break;
226 		case 's':
227 			sflag = optarg;
228 			break;
229 		case 't':
230 			tflag = 1;
231 			break;
232 		case 'u':
233 			uflag = 1;
234 			break;
235 		case 'V':
236 			if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", &numfibs, &intsize, NULL, 0) == -1)
237 				errx(1, "Multiple FIBS not supported");
238 			rdomain = (unsigned int)strtonum(optarg, 0,
239 			    numfibs - 1, &errstr);
240 			if (errstr)
241 				errx(1, "FIB %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
242 			break;
243 		case 'v':
244 			vflag = 1;
245 			break;
246 		case 'w':
247 			timeout = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX / 1000, &errstr);
248 			if (errstr)
249 				errx(1, "timeout %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
250 			timeout *= 1000;
251 			break;
252 		case 'x':
253 			xflag = 1;
254 			if ((proxy = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
255 				err(1, NULL);
256 			break;
257 		case 'z':
258 			zflag = 1;
259 			break;
260 		case 'D':
261 			Dflag = 1;
262 			break;
263 		case 'I':
264 			Iflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
265 			if (errstr != NULL)
266 				errx(1, "TCP receive window %s: %s",
267 				    errstr, optarg);
268 			break;
269 		case 'O':
270 			Oflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
271 			if (errstr != NULL) {
272 			    if (strcmp(errstr, "invalid") != 0)
273 				errx(1, "TCP send window %s: %s",
274 				    errstr, optarg);
275 			}
276 			break;
277 		case 'S':
278 			Sflag = 1;
279 			break;
280 		case 'T':
281 			Tflag = parse_iptos(optarg);
282 			break;
283 		default:
284 			usage(1);
285 		}
286 	}
287 	argc -= optind;
288 	argv += optind;
289 
290 	/* Cruft to make sure options are clean, and used properly. */
291 	if (argv[0] && !argv[1] && family == AF_UNIX) {
292 		if (uflag)
293 			errx(1, "cannot use -u and -U");
294 		host = argv[0];
295 		uport = NULL;
296 	} else if (argv[0] && !argv[1]) {
297 		if  (!lflag)
298 			usage(1);
299 		uport = argv[0];
300 		host = NULL;
301 	} else if (argv[0] && argv[1]) {
302 		host = argv[0];
303 		uport = argv[1];
304 	} else
305 		usage(1);
306 
307 	if (lflag && sflag)
308 		errx(1, "cannot use -s and -l");
309 	if (lflag && pflag)
310 		errx(1, "cannot use -p and -l");
311 	if (lflag && zflag)
312 		errx(1, "cannot use -z and -l");
313 	if (!lflag && kflag)
314 		errx(1, "must use -l with -k");
315 
316 	/* Initialize addrinfo structure. */
317 	if (family != AF_UNIX) {
318 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
319 		hints.ai_family = family;
320 		hints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
321 		hints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
322 		if (nflag)
323 			hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
324 	}
325 
326 	if (xflag) {
327 		if (uflag)
328 			errx(1, "no proxy support for UDP mode");
329 
330 		if (lflag)
331 			errx(1, "no proxy support for listen");
332 
333 		if (family == AF_UNIX)
334 			errx(1, "no proxy support for unix sockets");
335 
336 		/* XXX IPv6 transport to proxy would probably work */
337 		if (family == AF_INET6)
338 			errx(1, "no proxy support for IPv6");
339 
340 		if (sflag)
341 			errx(1, "no proxy support for local source address");
342 
343 		proxyhost = strsep(&proxy, ":");
344 		proxyport = proxy;
345 
346 		memset(&proxyhints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
347 		proxyhints.ai_family = family;
348 		proxyhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
349 		proxyhints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
350 		if (nflag)
351 			proxyhints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
352 	}
353 
354 	if (lflag) {
355 		int connfd;
356 		ret = 0;
357 
358 		if (family == AF_UNIX)
359 			s = unix_listen(host);
360 
361 		/* Allow only one connection at a time, but stay alive. */
362 		for (;;) {
363 			if (family != AF_UNIX)
364 				s = local_listen(host, uport, hints);
365 			if (s < 0)
366 				err(1, NULL);
367 			/*
368 			 * For UDP, we will use recvfrom() initially
369 			 * to wait for a caller, then use the regular
370 			 * functions to talk to the caller.
371 			 */
372 			if (uflag) {
373 				int rv, plen;
374 				char buf[8192];
375 				struct sockaddr_storage z;
376 
377 				len = sizeof(z);
378 				plen = jflag ? 8192 : 1024;
379 				rv = recvfrom(s, buf, plen, MSG_PEEK,
380 				    (struct sockaddr *)&z, &len);
381 				if (rv < 0)
382 					err(1, "recvfrom");
383 
384 				rv = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&z, len);
385 				if (rv < 0)
386 					err(1, "connect");
387 
388 				connfd = s;
389 			} else {
390 				len = sizeof(cliaddr);
391 				connfd = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,
392 				    &len);
393 			}
394 
395 			readwrite(connfd);
396 			close(connfd);
397 			if (family != AF_UNIX)
398 				close(s);
399 
400 			if (!kflag)
401 				break;
402 		}
403 	} else if (family == AF_UNIX) {
404 		ret = 0;
405 
406 		if ((s = unix_connect(host)) > 0 && !zflag) {
407 			readwrite(s);
408 			close(s);
409 		} else
410 			ret = 1;
411 
412 		exit(ret);
413 
414 	} else {
415 		int i = 0;
416 
417 		/* Construct the portlist[] array. */
418 		build_ports(uport);
419 
420 		/* Cycle through portlist, connecting to each port. */
421 		for (i = 0; portlist[i] != NULL; i++) {
422 			if (s)
423 				close(s);
424 
425 			if (xflag)
426 				s = socks_connect(host, portlist[i], hints,
427 				    proxyhost, proxyport, proxyhints, socksv,
428 				    Pflag);
429 			else
430 				s = remote_connect(host, portlist[i], hints);
431 
432 			if (s < 0)
433 				continue;
434 
435 			ret = 0;
436 			if (vflag || zflag) {
437 				/* For UDP, make sure we are connected. */
438 				if (uflag) {
439 					if (udptest(s) == -1) {
440 						ret = 1;
441 						continue;
442 					}
443 				}
444 
445 				/* Don't look up port if -n. */
446 				if (nflag)
447 					sv = NULL;
448 				else {
449 					sv = getservbyport(
450 					    ntohs(atoi(portlist[i])),
451 					    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
452 				}
453 
454 				fprintf(stderr,
455 				    "Connection to %s %s port [%s/%s] "
456 				    "succeeded!\n", host, portlist[i],
457 				    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp",
458 				    sv ? sv->s_name : "*");
459 			}
460 			if (!zflag)
461 				readwrite(s);
462 		}
463 	}
464 
465 	if (s)
466 		close(s);
467 
468 	exit(ret);
469 }
470 
471 /*
472  * unix_connect()
473  * Returns a socket connected to a local unix socket. Returns -1 on failure.
474  */
475 int
476 unix_connect(char *path)
477 {
478 	struct sockaddr_un sun;
479 	int s;
480 
481 	if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
482 		return (-1);
483 	(void)fcntl(s, F_SETFD, 1);
484 
485 	memset(&sun, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
486 	sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
487 
488 	if (strlcpy(sun.sun_path, path, sizeof(sun.sun_path)) >=
489 	    sizeof(sun.sun_path)) {
490 		close(s);
491 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
492 		return (-1);
493 	}
494 	if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sun, SUN_LEN(&sun)) < 0) {
495 		close(s);
496 		return (-1);
497 	}
498 	return (s);
499 
500 }
501 
502 /*
503  * unix_listen()
504  * Create a unix domain socket, and listen on it.
505  */
506 int
507 unix_listen(char *path)
508 {
509 	struct sockaddr_un sun;
510 	int s;
511 
512 	/* Create unix domain socket. */
513 	if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
514 		return (-1);
515 
516 	memset(&sun, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
517 	sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
518 
519 	if (strlcpy(sun.sun_path, path, sizeof(sun.sun_path)) >=
520 	    sizeof(sun.sun_path)) {
521 		close(s);
522 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
523 		return (-1);
524 	}
525 
526 	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sun, SUN_LEN(&sun)) < 0) {
527 		close(s);
528 		return (-1);
529 	}
530 
531 	if (listen(s, 5) < 0) {
532 		close(s);
533 		return (-1);
534 	}
535 	return (s);
536 }
537 
538 /*
539  * remote_connect()
540  * Returns a socket connected to a remote host. Properly binds to a local
541  * port or source address if needed. Returns -1 on failure.
542  */
543 int
544 remote_connect(const char *host, const char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
545 {
546 	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
547 	int s, error, on = 1;
548 
549 	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res)))
550 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
551 
552 	res0 = res;
553 	do {
554 		if ((s = socket(res0->ai_family, res0->ai_socktype,
555 		    res0->ai_protocol)) < 0)
556 			continue;
557 #ifdef IPSEC
558 		if (ipsec_policy[0] != NULL)
559 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[0]);
560 		if (ipsec_policy[1] != NULL)
561 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[1]);
562 #endif
563 
564 		if (rdomain) {
565 			if (setfib(rdomain) == -1)
566 				err(1, "setfib");
567 		}
568 
569 		/* Bind to a local port or source address if specified. */
570 		if (sflag || pflag) {
571 			struct addrinfo ahints, *ares;
572 
573 			/* try IP_BINDANY, but don't insist */
574 			setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BINDANY, &on, sizeof(on));
575 			memset(&ahints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
576 			ahints.ai_family = res0->ai_family;
577 			ahints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
578 			ahints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
579 			ahints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
580 			if ((error = getaddrinfo(sflag, pflag, &ahints, &ares)))
581 				errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
582 
583 			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)ares->ai_addr,
584 			    ares->ai_addrlen) < 0)
585 				errx(1, "bind failed: %s", strerror(errno));
586 			freeaddrinfo(ares);
587 		}
588 
589 		set_common_sockopts(s);
590 
591 		if (connect(s, res0->ai_addr, res0->ai_addrlen) == 0)
592 			break;
593 		else if (vflag)
594 			warn("connect to %s port %s (%s) failed", host, port,
595 			    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
596 
597 		close(s);
598 		s = -1;
599 	} while ((res0 = res0->ai_next) != NULL);
600 
601 	freeaddrinfo(res);
602 
603 	return (s);
604 }
605 
606 /*
607  * local_listen()
608  * Returns a socket listening on a local port, binds to specified source
609  * address. Returns -1 on failure.
610  */
611 int
612 local_listen(char *host, char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
613 {
614 	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
615 	int s, ret, x = 1;
616 	int error;
617 
618 	/* Allow nodename to be null. */
619 	hints.ai_flags |= AI_PASSIVE;
620 
621 	/*
622 	 * In the case of binding to a wildcard address
623 	 * default to binding to an ipv4 address.
624 	 */
625 	if (host == NULL && hints.ai_family == AF_UNSPEC)
626 		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
627 
628 	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res)))
629 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
630 
631 	res0 = res;
632 	do {
633 		if ((s = socket(res0->ai_family, res0->ai_socktype,
634 		    res0->ai_protocol)) < 0)
635 			continue;
636 
637 		if (rdomain) {
638 			if (setfib(rdomain) == -1)
639 				err(1, "setfib");
640 		}
641 
642 		ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &x, sizeof(x));
643 		if (ret == -1)
644 			err(1, NULL);
645 #ifdef IPSEC
646 		if (ipsec_policy[0] != NULL)
647 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[0]);
648 		if (ipsec_policy[1] != NULL)
649 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[1]);
650 #endif
651 		if (FreeBSD_Oflag) {
652 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NOOPT,
653 			    &FreeBSD_Oflag, sizeof(FreeBSD_Oflag)) == -1)
654 				err(1, "disable TCP options");
655 		}
656 
657 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)res0->ai_addr,
658 		    res0->ai_addrlen) == 0)
659 			break;
660 
661 		close(s);
662 		s = -1;
663 	} while ((res0 = res0->ai_next) != NULL);
664 
665 	if (!uflag && s != -1) {
666 		if (listen(s, 1) < 0)
667 			err(1, "listen");
668 	}
669 
670 	freeaddrinfo(res);
671 
672 	return (s);
673 }
674 
675 /*
676  * readwrite()
677  * Loop that polls on the network file descriptor and stdin.
678  */
679 void
680 readwrite(int nfd)
681 {
682 	struct pollfd pfd[2];
683 	unsigned char buf[8192];
684 	int n, wfd = fileno(stdin);
685 	int lfd = fileno(stdout);
686 	int plen;
687 
688 	plen = jflag ? 8192 : 1024;
689 
690 	/* Setup Network FD */
691 	pfd[0].fd = nfd;
692 	pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
693 
694 	/* Set up STDIN FD. */
695 	pfd[1].fd = wfd;
696 	pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
697 
698 	while (pfd[0].fd != -1) {
699 		if (iflag)
700 			sleep(iflag);
701 
702 		if ((n = poll(pfd, 2 - dflag, timeout)) < 0) {
703 			close(nfd);
704 			err(1, "Polling Error");
705 		}
706 
707 		if (n == 0)
708 			return;
709 
710 		if (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN) {
711 			if ((n = read(nfd, buf, plen)) < 0)
712 				return;
713 			else if (n == 0) {
714 				shutdown(nfd, SHUT_RD);
715 				pfd[0].fd = -1;
716 				pfd[0].events = 0;
717 			} else {
718 				if (tflag)
719 					atelnet(nfd, buf, n);
720 				if (atomicio(vwrite, lfd, buf, n) != n)
721 					return;
722 			}
723 		}
724 
725 		if (!dflag && pfd[1].revents & POLLIN) {
726 			if ((n = read(wfd, buf, plen)) < 0)
727 				return;
728 			else if (n == 0) {
729 				shutdown(nfd, SHUT_WR);
730 				pfd[1].fd = -1;
731 				pfd[1].events = 0;
732 			} else {
733 				if (atomicio(vwrite, nfd, buf, n) != n)
734 					return;
735 			}
736 		}
737 	}
738 }
739 
740 /* Deal with RFC 854 WILL/WONT DO/DONT negotiation. */
741 void
742 atelnet(int nfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int size)
743 {
744 	unsigned char *p, *end;
745 	unsigned char obuf[4];
746 
747 	if (size < 3)
748 		return;
749 	end = buf + size - 2;
750 
751 	for (p = buf; p < end; p++) {
752 		if (*p != IAC)
753 			continue;
754 
755 		obuf[0] = IAC;
756 		p++;
757 		if ((*p == WILL) || (*p == WONT))
758 			obuf[1] = DONT;
759 		else if ((*p == DO) || (*p == DONT))
760 			obuf[1] = WONT;
761 		else
762 			continue;
763 
764 		p++;
765 		obuf[2] = *p;
766 		if (atomicio(vwrite, nfd, obuf, 3) != 3)
767 			warn("Write Error!");
768 	}
769 }
770 
771 /*
772  * build_ports()
773  * Build an array or ports in portlist[], listing each port
774  * that we should try to connect to.
775  */
776 void
777 build_ports(char *p)
778 {
779 	const char *errstr;
780 	char *n;
781 	int hi, lo, cp;
782 	int x = 0;
783 
784 	if ((n = strchr(p, '-')) != NULL) {
785 		if (lflag)
786 			errx(1, "Cannot use -l with multiple ports!");
787 
788 		*n = '\0';
789 		n++;
790 
791 		/* Make sure the ports are in order: lowest->highest. */
792 		hi = strtonum(n, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
793 		if (errstr)
794 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, n);
795 		lo = strtonum(p, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
796 		if (errstr)
797 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, p);
798 
799 		if (lo > hi) {
800 			cp = hi;
801 			hi = lo;
802 			lo = cp;
803 		}
804 
805 		/* Load ports sequentially. */
806 		for (cp = lo; cp <= hi; cp++) {
807 			portlist[x] = calloc(1, PORT_MAX_LEN);
808 			if (portlist[x] == NULL)
809 				err(1, NULL);
810 			snprintf(portlist[x], PORT_MAX_LEN, "%d", cp);
811 			x++;
812 		}
813 
814 		/* Randomly swap ports. */
815 		if (rflag) {
816 			int y;
817 			char *c;
818 
819 			for (x = 0; x <= (hi - lo); x++) {
820 				y = (arc4random() & 0xFFFF) % (hi - lo);
821 				c = portlist[x];
822 				portlist[x] = portlist[y];
823 				portlist[y] = c;
824 			}
825 		}
826 	} else {
827 		hi = strtonum(p, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
828 		if (errstr)
829 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, p);
830 		portlist[0] = calloc(1, PORT_MAX_LEN);
831 		if (portlist[0] == NULL)
832 			err(1, NULL);
833 		portlist[0] = p;
834 	}
835 }
836 
837 /*
838  * udptest()
839  * Do a few writes to see if the UDP port is there.
840  * XXX - Better way of doing this? Doesn't work for IPv6.
841  * Also fails after around 100 ports checked.
842  */
843 int
844 udptest(int s)
845 {
846 	int i, ret;
847 
848 	for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
849 		if (write(s, "X", 1) == 1)
850 			ret = 1;
851 		else
852 			ret = -1;
853 	}
854 	return (ret);
855 }
856 
857 void
858 set_common_sockopts(int s)
859 {
860 	int x = 1;
861 
862 	if (Sflag) {
863 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_MD5SIG,
864 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
865 			err(1, NULL);
866 	}
867 	if (Dflag) {
868 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
869 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
870 			err(1, NULL);
871 	}
872 #ifdef SO_JUMBO
873 	if (jflag) {
874 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_JUMBO,
875 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
876 			err(1, NULL);
877 	}
878 #endif
879 	if (Tflag != -1) {
880 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
881 		    &Tflag, sizeof(Tflag)) == -1)
882 			err(1, "set IP ToS");
883 	}
884 	if (Iflag) {
885 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
886 		    &Iflag, sizeof(Iflag)) == -1)
887 			err(1, "set TCP receive buffer size");
888 	}
889 	if (Oflag) {
890 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF,
891 		    &Oflag, sizeof(Oflag)) == -1)
892 			err(1, "set TCP send buffer size");
893 	}
894 	if (FreeBSD_Oflag) {
895 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NOOPT,
896 		    &FreeBSD_Oflag, sizeof(FreeBSD_Oflag)) == -1)
897 			err(1, "disable TCP options");
898 	}
899 }
900 
901 int
902 parse_iptos(char *s)
903 {
904 	int tos = -1;
905 
906 	if (strcmp(s, "lowdelay") == 0)
907 		return (IPTOS_LOWDELAY);
908 	if (strcmp(s, "throughput") == 0)
909 		return (IPTOS_THROUGHPUT);
910 	if (strcmp(s, "reliability") == 0)
911 		return (IPTOS_RELIABILITY);
912 
913 	if (sscanf(s, "0x%x", &tos) != 1 || tos < 0 || tos > 0xff)
914 		errx(1, "invalid IP Type of Service");
915 	return (tos);
916 }
917 
918 void
919 help(void)
920 {
921 	usage(0);
922 	fprintf(stderr, "\tCommand Summary:\n\
923 	\t-4		Use IPv4\n\
924 	\t-6		Use IPv6\n\
925 	\t-D		Enable the debug socket option\n\
926 	\t-d		Detach from stdin\n");
927 #ifdef IPSEC
928 	fprintf(stderr, "\
929 	\t-E		Use IPsec ESP\n\
930 	\t-e policy	Use specified IPsec policy\n");
931 #endif
932 	fprintf(stderr, "\
933 	\t-h		This help text\n\
934 	\t-I length	TCP receive buffer length\n\
935 	\t-i secs\t	Delay interval for lines sent, ports scanned\n\
936 	\t-k		Keep inbound sockets open for multiple connects\n\
937 	\t-l		Listen mode, for inbound connects\n\
938 	\t-n		Suppress name/port resolutions\n\
939 	\t--no-tcpopt	Disable TCP options\n\
940 	\t-O length	TCP send buffer length\n\
941 	\t-P proxyuser\tUsername for proxy authentication\n\
942 	\t-p port\t	Specify local port for remote connects\n\
943 	\t-r		Randomize remote ports\n\
944 	\t-S		Enable the TCP MD5 signature option\n\
945 	\t-s addr\t	Local source address\n\
946 	\t-T ToS\t	Set IP Type of Service\n\
947 	\t-t		Answer TELNET negotiation\n\
948 	\t-U		Use UNIX domain socket\n\
949 	\t-u		UDP mode\n\
950 	\t-V fib	Specify alternate routing table (FIB)\n\
951 	\t-v		Verbose\n\
952 	\t-w secs\t	Timeout for connects and final net reads\n\
953 	\t-X proto	Proxy protocol: \"4\", \"5\" (SOCKS) or \"connect\"\n\
954 	\t-x addr[:port]\tSpecify proxy address and port\n\
955 	\t-z		Zero-I/O mode [used for scanning]\n\
956 	Port numbers can be individual or ranges: lo-hi [inclusive]\n");
957 #ifdef IPSEC
958 	fprintf(stderr, "See ipsec_set_policy(3) for -e argument format\n");
959 #endif
960 	exit(1);
961 }
962 
963 #ifdef IPSEC
964 void
965 add_ipsec_policy(int s, char *policy)
966 {
967 	char *raw;
968 	int e;
969 
970 	raw = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
971 	if (raw == NULL)
972 		errx(1, "ipsec_set_policy `%s': %s", policy,
973 		     ipsec_strerror());
974 	e = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY, raw,
975 			ipsec_get_policylen(raw));
976 	if (e < 0)
977 		err(1, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
978 	free(raw);
979 	if (vflag)
980 		fprintf(stderr, "ipsec policy configured: `%s'\n", policy);
981 	return;
982 }
983 #endif /* IPSEC */
984 
985 void
986 usage(int ret)
987 {
988 	fprintf(stderr,
989 #ifdef IPSEC
990 	    "usage: nc [-46DdEhklnrStUuvz] [-e policy] [-I length] [-i interval] [-O length]\n"
991 #else
992 	    "usage: nc [-46DdhklnrStUuvz] [-I length] [-i interval] [-O length]\n"
993 #endif
994 	    "\t  [-P proxy_username] [-p source_port] [-s source_ip_address] [-T ToS]\n"
995 	    "\t  [-V fib] [-w timeout] [-X proxy_protocol]\n"
996 	    "\t  [-x proxy_address[:port]] [hostname] [port]\n");
997 	if (ret)
998 		exit(1);
999 }
1000