xref: /freebsd/contrib/netcat/netcat.c (revision 3ae0125a99dc29a8f8ca9ba933825e2447b54c6b)
1 /* $OpenBSD: netcat.c,v 1.117 2013/10/26 21:33:29 sthen Exp $ */
2 /*
3  * Copyright (c) 2001 Eric Jackson <ericj@monkey.org>
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  *
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
15  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  *
28  * $FreeBSD$
29  */
30 
31 /*
32  * Re-written nc(1) for OpenBSD. Original implementation by
33  * *Hobbit* <hobbit@avian.org>.
34  */
35 
36 #include <sys/limits.h>
37 #include <sys/types.h>
38 #include <sys/socket.h>
39 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
40 #include <sys/time.h>
41 #include <sys/uio.h>
42 #include <sys/un.h>
43 
44 #include <netinet/in.h>
45 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
46 #ifdef IPSEC
47 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
48 #endif
49 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
50 #include <netinet/ip.h>
51 #include <arpa/telnet.h>
52 
53 #include <err.h>
54 #include <errno.h>
55 #include <getopt.h>
56 #include <netdb.h>
57 #include <poll.h>
58 #include <stdarg.h>
59 #include <stdio.h>
60 #include <stdlib.h>
61 #include <string.h>
62 #include <unistd.h>
63 #include <fcntl.h>
64 #include <limits.h>
65 #include "atomicio.h"
66 
67 #ifndef SUN_LEN
68 #define SUN_LEN(su) \
69 	(sizeof(*(su)) - sizeof((su)->sun_path) + strlen((su)->sun_path))
70 #endif
71 
72 #define PORT_MAX	65535
73 #define PORT_MAX_LEN	6
74 #define UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE	19
75 
76 /* Command Line Options */
77 int	dflag;					/* detached, no stdin */
78 int	Fflag;					/* fdpass sock to stdout */
79 unsigned int iflag;				/* Interval Flag */
80 int	kflag;					/* More than one connect */
81 int	lflag;					/* Bind to local port */
82 int	Nflag;					/* shutdown() network socket */
83 int	nflag;					/* Don't do name look up */
84 int	FreeBSD_Oflag;				/* Do not use TCP options */
85 char   *Pflag;					/* Proxy username */
86 char   *pflag;					/* Localport flag */
87 int	rflag;					/* Random ports flag */
88 char   *sflag;					/* Source Address */
89 int	tflag;					/* Telnet Emulation */
90 int	uflag;					/* UDP - Default to TCP */
91 int	vflag;					/* Verbosity */
92 int	xflag;					/* Socks proxy */
93 int	zflag;					/* Port Scan Flag */
94 int	Dflag;					/* sodebug */
95 int	Iflag;					/* TCP receive buffer size */
96 int	Oflag;					/* TCP send buffer size */
97 int	Sflag;					/* TCP MD5 signature option */
98 int	Tflag = -1;				/* IP Type of Service */
99 int	rtableid = -1;
100 
101 int timeout = -1;
102 int family = AF_UNSPEC;
103 char *portlist[PORT_MAX+1];
104 char *unix_dg_tmp_socket;
105 
106 void	atelnet(int, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
107 void	build_ports(char *);
108 void	help(void);
109 int	local_listen(char *, char *, struct addrinfo);
110 void	readwrite(int);
111 void	fdpass(int nfd) __attribute__((noreturn));
112 int	remote_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo);
113 int	timeout_connect(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
114 int	socks_connect(const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo,
115 	    const char *, const char *, struct addrinfo, int, const char *);
116 int	udptest(int);
117 int	unix_bind(char *);
118 int	unix_connect(char *);
119 int	unix_listen(char *);
120 void	set_common_sockopts(int);
121 int	map_tos(char *, int *);
122 void	report_connect(const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t);
123 void	usage(int);
124 
125 #ifdef IPSEC
126 void	add_ipsec_policy(int, char *);
127 
128 char	*ipsec_policy[2];
129 #endif
130 
131 int
132 main(int argc, char *argv[])
133 {
134 	int ch, s, ret, socksv, ipsec_count;
135 	int numfibs;
136 	size_t intsize = sizeof(int);
137 	char *host, *uport;
138 	struct addrinfo hints;
139 	struct servent *sv;
140 	socklen_t len;
141 	struct sockaddr_storage cliaddr;
142 	char *proxy;
143 	const char *errstr, *proxyhost = "", *proxyport = NULL;
144 	struct addrinfo proxyhints;
145 	char unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf[UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE];
146 	struct option longopts[] = {
147 		{ "no-tcpopt",	no_argument,	&FreeBSD_Oflag,	1 },
148 		{ NULL,		0,		NULL,		0 }
149 	};
150 
151 	ret = 1;
152 	ipsec_count = 0;
153 	s = 0;
154 	socksv = 5;
155 	host = NULL;
156 	uport = NULL;
157 	sv = NULL;
158 #if 0
159 	rtableid = getrtable();
160 #endif
161 
162 	while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv,
163 	    "46DdEe:FhI:i:klNnoO:P:p:rSs:tT:UuV:vw:X:x:z",
164 	    longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
165 		switch (ch) {
166 		case '4':
167 			family = AF_INET;
168 			break;
169 		case '6':
170 			family = AF_INET6;
171 			break;
172 		case 'U':
173 			family = AF_UNIX;
174 			break;
175 		case 'X':
176 			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "connect") == 0)
177 				socksv = -1; /* HTTP proxy CONNECT */
178 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "4") == 0)
179 				socksv = 4; /* SOCKS v.4 */
180 			else if (strcmp(optarg, "5") == 0)
181 				socksv = 5; /* SOCKS v.5 */
182 			else
183 				errx(1, "unsupported proxy protocol");
184 			break;
185 		case 'd':
186 			dflag = 1;
187 			break;
188 		case 'e':
189 #ifdef IPSEC
190 			ipsec_policy[ipsec_count++ % 2] = optarg;
191 #else
192 			errx(1, "IPsec support unavailable.");
193 #endif
194 			break;
195 		case 'E':
196 #ifdef IPSEC
197 			ipsec_policy[0] = "in  ipsec esp/transport//require";
198 			ipsec_policy[1] = "out ipsec esp/transport//require";
199 #else
200 			errx(1, "IPsec support unavailable.");
201 #endif
202 			break;
203 		case 'F':
204 			Fflag = 1;
205 			break;
206 		case 'h':
207 			help();
208 			break;
209 		case 'i':
210 			iflag = strtonum(optarg, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
211 			if (errstr)
212 				errx(1, "interval %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
213 			break;
214 		case 'k':
215 			kflag = 1;
216 			break;
217 		case 'l':
218 			lflag = 1;
219 			break;
220 		case 'N':
221 			Nflag = 1;
222 			break;
223 		case 'n':
224 			nflag = 1;
225 			break;
226 		case 'o':
227 			fprintf(stderr, "option -o is deprecated.\n");
228 			break;
229 		case 'P':
230 			Pflag = optarg;
231 			break;
232 		case 'p':
233 			pflag = optarg;
234 			break;
235 		case 'r':
236 			rflag = 1;
237 			break;
238 		case 's':
239 			sflag = optarg;
240 			break;
241 		case 't':
242 			tflag = 1;
243 			break;
244 		case 'u':
245 			uflag = 1;
246 			break;
247 		case 'V':
248 			if (sysctlbyname("net.fibs", &numfibs, &intsize, NULL, 0) == -1)
249 				errx(1, "Multiple FIBS not supported");
250 			rtableid = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0,
251 			    numfibs - 1, &errstr);
252 			if (errstr)
253 				errx(1, "rtable %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
254 			break;
255 		case 'v':
256 			vflag = 1;
257 			break;
258 		case 'w':
259 			timeout = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX / 1000, &errstr);
260 			if (errstr)
261 				errx(1, "timeout %s: %s", errstr, optarg);
262 			timeout *= 1000;
263 			break;
264 		case 'x':
265 			xflag = 1;
266 			if ((proxy = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
267 				err(1, NULL);
268 			break;
269 		case 'z':
270 			zflag = 1;
271 			break;
272 		case 'D':
273 			Dflag = 1;
274 			break;
275 		case 'I':
276 			Iflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
277 			if (errstr != NULL)
278 				errx(1, "TCP receive window %s: %s",
279 				    errstr, optarg);
280 			break;
281 		case 'O':
282 			Oflag = strtonum(optarg, 1, 65536 << 14, &errstr);
283 			if (errstr != NULL) {
284 			    if (strcmp(errstr, "invalid") != 0)
285 				errx(1, "TCP send window %s: %s",
286 				    errstr, optarg);
287 			}
288 			break;
289 		case 'S':
290 			Sflag = 1;
291 			break;
292 		case 'T':
293 			errstr = NULL;
294 			errno = 0;
295 			if (map_tos(optarg, &Tflag))
296 				break;
297 			if (strlen(optarg) > 1 && optarg[0] == '0' &&
298 			    optarg[1] == 'x')
299 				Tflag = (int)strtol(optarg, NULL, 16);
300 			else
301 				Tflag = (int)strtonum(optarg, 0, 255,
302 				    &errstr);
303 			if (Tflag < 0 || Tflag > 255 || errstr || errno)
304 				errx(1, "illegal tos value %s", optarg);
305 			break;
306 		default:
307 			usage(1);
308 		}
309 	}
310 	argc -= optind;
311 	argv += optind;
312 
313 	/* Cruft to make sure options are clean, and used properly. */
314 	if (argv[0] && !argv[1] && family == AF_UNIX) {
315 		host = argv[0];
316 		uport = NULL;
317 	} else if (argv[0] && !argv[1]) {
318 		if  (!lflag)
319 			usage(1);
320 		uport = argv[0];
321 		host = NULL;
322 	} else if (argv[0] && argv[1]) {
323 		host = argv[0];
324 		uport = argv[1];
325 	} else
326 		usage(1);
327 
328 	if (lflag && sflag)
329 		errx(1, "cannot use -s and -l");
330 	if (lflag && pflag)
331 		errx(1, "cannot use -p and -l");
332 	if (lflag && zflag)
333 		errx(1, "cannot use -z and -l");
334 	if (!lflag && kflag)
335 		errx(1, "must use -l with -k");
336 
337 	/* Get name of temporary socket for unix datagram client */
338 	if ((family == AF_UNIX) && uflag && !lflag) {
339 		if (sflag) {
340 			unix_dg_tmp_socket = sflag;
341 		} else {
342 			strlcpy(unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf, "/tmp/nc.XXXXXXXXXX",
343 				UNIX_DG_TMP_SOCKET_SIZE);
344 			if (mktemp(unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf) == NULL)
345 				err(1, "mktemp");
346 			unix_dg_tmp_socket = unix_dg_tmp_socket_buf;
347 		}
348 	}
349 
350 	/* Initialize addrinfo structure. */
351 	if (family != AF_UNIX) {
352 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
353 		hints.ai_family = family;
354 		hints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
355 		hints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
356 		if (nflag)
357 			hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
358 	}
359 
360 	if (xflag) {
361 		if (uflag)
362 			errx(1, "no proxy support for UDP mode");
363 
364 		if (lflag)
365 			errx(1, "no proxy support for listen");
366 
367 		if (family == AF_UNIX)
368 			errx(1, "no proxy support for unix sockets");
369 
370 		/* XXX IPv6 transport to proxy would probably work */
371 		if (family == AF_INET6)
372 			errx(1, "no proxy support for IPv6");
373 
374 		if (sflag)
375 			errx(1, "no proxy support for local source address");
376 
377 		proxyhost = strsep(&proxy, ":");
378 		proxyport = proxy;
379 
380 		memset(&proxyhints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
381 		proxyhints.ai_family = family;
382 		proxyhints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
383 		proxyhints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
384 		if (nflag)
385 			proxyhints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICHOST;
386 	}
387 
388 	if (lflag) {
389 		int connfd;
390 		ret = 0;
391 
392 		if (family == AF_UNIX) {
393 			if (uflag)
394 				s = unix_bind(host);
395 			else
396 				s = unix_listen(host);
397 		}
398 
399 		/* Allow only one connection at a time, but stay alive. */
400 		for (;;) {
401 			if (family != AF_UNIX)
402 				s = local_listen(host, uport, hints);
403 			if (s < 0)
404 				err(1, NULL);
405 			/*
406 			 * For UDP and -k, don't connect the socket, let it
407 			 * receive datagrams from multiple socket pairs.
408 			 */
409 			if (uflag && kflag)
410 				readwrite(s);
411 			/*
412 			 * For UDP and not -k, we will use recvfrom() initially
413 			 * to wait for a caller, then use the regular functions
414 			 * to talk to the caller.
415 			 */
416 			else if (uflag && !kflag) {
417 				int rv, plen;
418 				char buf[16384];
419 				struct sockaddr_storage z;
420 
421 				len = sizeof(z);
422 				plen = 2048;
423 				rv = recvfrom(s, buf, plen, MSG_PEEK,
424 				    (struct sockaddr *)&z, &len);
425 				if (rv < 0)
426 					err(1, "recvfrom");
427 
428 				rv = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&z, len);
429 				if (rv < 0)
430 					err(1, "connect");
431 
432 				if (vflag)
433 					report_connect((struct sockaddr *)&z, len);
434 
435 				readwrite(s);
436 			} else {
437 				len = sizeof(cliaddr);
438 				connfd = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,
439 				    &len);
440 				if (connfd == -1) {
441 					/* For now, all errnos are fatal */
442    					err(1, "accept");
443 				}
444 				if (vflag)
445 					report_connect((struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len);
446 
447 				readwrite(connfd);
448 				close(connfd);
449 			}
450 
451 			if (family != AF_UNIX)
452 				close(s);
453 			else if (uflag) {
454 				if (connect(s, NULL, 0) < 0)
455 					err(1, "connect");
456 			}
457 
458 			if (!kflag)
459 				break;
460 		}
461 	} else if (family == AF_UNIX) {
462 		ret = 0;
463 
464 		if ((s = unix_connect(host)) > 0 && !zflag) {
465 			readwrite(s);
466 			close(s);
467 		} else
468 			ret = 1;
469 
470 		if (uflag)
471 			unlink(unix_dg_tmp_socket);
472 		exit(ret);
473 
474 	} else {
475 		int i = 0;
476 
477 		/* Construct the portlist[] array. */
478 		build_ports(uport);
479 
480 		/* Cycle through portlist, connecting to each port. */
481 		for (i = 0; portlist[i] != NULL; i++) {
482 			if (s)
483 				close(s);
484 
485 			if (xflag)
486 				s = socks_connect(host, portlist[i], hints,
487 				    proxyhost, proxyport, proxyhints, socksv,
488 				    Pflag);
489 			else
490 				s = remote_connect(host, portlist[i], hints);
491 
492 			if (s < 0)
493 				continue;
494 
495 			ret = 0;
496 			if (vflag || zflag) {
497 				/* For UDP, make sure we are connected. */
498 				if (uflag) {
499 					if (udptest(s) == -1) {
500 						ret = 1;
501 						continue;
502 					}
503 				}
504 
505 				/* Don't look up port if -n. */
506 				if (nflag)
507 					sv = NULL;
508 				else {
509 					sv = getservbyport(
510 					    ntohs(atoi(portlist[i])),
511 					    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
512 				}
513 
514 				fprintf(stderr,
515 				    "Connection to %s %s port [%s/%s] "
516 				    "succeeded!\n", host, portlist[i],
517 				    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp",
518 				    sv ? sv->s_name : "*");
519 			}
520 			if (Fflag)
521 				fdpass(s);
522 			else if (!zflag)
523 				readwrite(s);
524 		}
525 	}
526 
527 	if (s)
528 		close(s);
529 
530 	exit(ret);
531 }
532 
533 /*
534  * unix_bind()
535  * Returns a unix socket bound to the given path
536  */
537 int
538 unix_bind(char *path)
539 {
540 	struct sockaddr_un sun;
541 	int s;
542 
543 	/* Create unix domain socket. */
544 	if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM,
545 	     0)) < 0)
546 		return (-1);
547 
548 	memset(&sun, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
549 	sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
550 
551 	if (strlcpy(sun.sun_path, path, sizeof(sun.sun_path)) >=
552 	    sizeof(sun.sun_path)) {
553 		close(s);
554 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
555 		return (-1);
556 	}
557 
558 	if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sun, SUN_LEN(&sun)) < 0) {
559 		close(s);
560 		return (-1);
561 	}
562 	return (s);
563 }
564 
565 /*
566  * unix_connect()
567  * Returns a socket connected to a local unix socket. Returns -1 on failure.
568  */
569 int
570 unix_connect(char *path)
571 {
572 	struct sockaddr_un sun;
573 	int s;
574 
575 	if (uflag) {
576 		if ((s = unix_bind(unix_dg_tmp_socket)) < 0)
577 			return (-1);
578 	} else {
579 		if ((s = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
580 			return (-1);
581 	}
582 	(void)fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
583 
584 	memset(&sun, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
585 	sun.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
586 
587 	if (strlcpy(sun.sun_path, path, sizeof(sun.sun_path)) >=
588 	    sizeof(sun.sun_path)) {
589 		close(s);
590 		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
591 		return (-1);
592 	}
593 	if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sun, SUN_LEN(&sun)) < 0) {
594 		close(s);
595 		return (-1);
596 	}
597 	return (s);
598 
599 }
600 
601 /*
602  * unix_listen()
603  * Create a unix domain socket, and listen on it.
604  */
605 int
606 unix_listen(char *path)
607 {
608 	int s;
609 	if ((s = unix_bind(path)) < 0)
610 		return (-1);
611 
612 	if (listen(s, 5) < 0) {
613 		close(s);
614 		return (-1);
615 	}
616 	return (s);
617 }
618 
619 /*
620  * remote_connect()
621  * Returns a socket connected to a remote host. Properly binds to a local
622  * port or source address if needed. Returns -1 on failure.
623  */
624 int
625 remote_connect(const char *host, const char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
626 {
627 	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
628 	int s, error, on = 1;
629 
630 	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res)))
631 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
632 
633 	res0 = res;
634 	do {
635 		if ((s = socket(res0->ai_family, res0->ai_socktype,
636 		    res0->ai_protocol)) < 0)
637 			continue;
638 #ifdef IPSEC
639 		if (ipsec_policy[0] != NULL)
640 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[0]);
641 		if (ipsec_policy[1] != NULL)
642 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[1]);
643 #endif
644 
645 		if (rtableid >= 0 && (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SETFIB,
646 		    &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1))
647 			err(1, "setsockopt SO_SETFIB");
648 
649 		/* Bind to a local port or source address if specified. */
650 		if (sflag || pflag) {
651 			struct addrinfo ahints, *ares;
652 
653 			/* try IP_BINDANY, but don't insist */
654 			setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BINDANY, &on, sizeof(on));
655 			memset(&ahints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
656 			ahints.ai_family = res0->ai_family;
657 			ahints.ai_socktype = uflag ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_STREAM;
658 			ahints.ai_protocol = uflag ? IPPROTO_UDP : IPPROTO_TCP;
659 			ahints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
660 			if ((error = getaddrinfo(sflag, pflag, &ahints, &ares)))
661 				errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
662 
663 			if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)ares->ai_addr,
664 			    ares->ai_addrlen) < 0)
665 				errx(1, "bind failed: %s", strerror(errno));
666 			freeaddrinfo(ares);
667 		}
668 
669 		set_common_sockopts(s);
670 
671 		if (timeout_connect(s, res0->ai_addr, res0->ai_addrlen) == 0)
672 			break;
673 		else if (vflag)
674 			warn("connect to %s port %s (%s) failed", host, port,
675 			    uflag ? "udp" : "tcp");
676 
677 		close(s);
678 		s = -1;
679 	} while ((res0 = res0->ai_next) != NULL);
680 
681 	freeaddrinfo(res);
682 
683 	return (s);
684 }
685 
686 int
687 timeout_connect(int s, const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t namelen)
688 {
689 	struct pollfd pfd;
690 	socklen_t optlen;
691 	int flags, optval;
692 	int ret;
693 
694 	if (timeout != -1) {
695 		flags = fcntl(s, F_GETFL, 0);
696 		if (fcntl(s, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) == -1)
697 			err(1, "set non-blocking mode");
698 	}
699 
700 	if ((ret = connect(s, name, namelen)) != 0 && errno == EINPROGRESS) {
701 		pfd.fd = s;
702 		pfd.events = POLLOUT;
703 		if ((ret = poll(&pfd, 1, timeout)) == 1) {
704 			optlen = sizeof(optval);
705 			if ((ret = getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
706 			    &optval, &optlen)) == 0) {
707 				errno = optval;
708 				ret = optval == 0 ? 0 : -1;
709 			}
710 		} else if (ret == 0) {
711 			errno = ETIMEDOUT;
712 			ret = -1;
713 		} else
714 			err(1, "poll failed");
715 	}
716 
717 	if (timeout != -1 && fcntl(s, F_SETFL, flags) == -1)
718 		err(1, "restoring flags");
719 
720 	return (ret);
721 }
722 
723 /*
724  * local_listen()
725  * Returns a socket listening on a local port, binds to specified source
726  * address. Returns -1 on failure.
727  */
728 int
729 local_listen(char *host, char *port, struct addrinfo hints)
730 {
731 	struct addrinfo *res, *res0;
732 	int s, ret, x = 1;
733 	int error;
734 
735 	/* Allow nodename to be null. */
736 	hints.ai_flags |= AI_PASSIVE;
737 
738 	/*
739 	 * In the case of binding to a wildcard address
740 	 * default to binding to an ipv4 address.
741 	 */
742 	if (host == NULL && hints.ai_family == AF_UNSPEC)
743 		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
744 
745 	if ((error = getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &res)))
746 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(error));
747 
748 	res0 = res;
749 	do {
750 		if ((s = socket(res0->ai_family, res0->ai_socktype,
751 		    res0->ai_protocol)) < 0)
752 			continue;
753 
754 		if (rtableid >= 0 && (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, SO_SETFIB,
755 		    &rtableid, sizeof(rtableid)) == -1))
756 			err(1, "setsockopt SO_SETFIB");
757 
758 		ret = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &x, sizeof(x));
759 		if (ret == -1)
760 			err(1, NULL);
761 #ifdef IPSEC
762 		if (ipsec_policy[0] != NULL)
763 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[0]);
764 		if (ipsec_policy[1] != NULL)
765 			add_ipsec_policy(s, ipsec_policy[1]);
766 #endif
767 		if (FreeBSD_Oflag) {
768 			if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NOOPT,
769 			    &FreeBSD_Oflag, sizeof(FreeBSD_Oflag)) == -1)
770 				err(1, "disable TCP options");
771 		}
772 
773 		if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)res0->ai_addr,
774 		    res0->ai_addrlen) == 0)
775 			break;
776 
777 		close(s);
778 		s = -1;
779 	} while ((res0 = res0->ai_next) != NULL);
780 
781 	if (!uflag && s != -1) {
782 		if (listen(s, 1) < 0)
783 			err(1, "listen");
784 	}
785 
786 	freeaddrinfo(res);
787 
788 	return (s);
789 }
790 
791 /*
792  * readwrite()
793  * Loop that polls on the network file descriptor and stdin.
794  */
795 void
796 readwrite(int nfd)
797 {
798 	struct pollfd pfd[2];
799 	unsigned char buf[16384];
800 	int n, wfd = fileno(stdin);
801 	int lfd = fileno(stdout);
802 	int plen;
803 
804 	plen = 2048;
805 
806 	/* Setup Network FD */
807 	pfd[0].fd = nfd;
808 	pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
809 
810 	/* Set up STDIN FD. */
811 	pfd[1].fd = wfd;
812 	pfd[1].events = POLLIN;
813 
814 	while (pfd[0].fd != -1) {
815 		if (iflag)
816 			sleep(iflag);
817 
818 		if ((n = poll(pfd, 2 - dflag, timeout)) < 0) {
819 			close(nfd);
820 			err(1, "Polling Error");
821 		}
822 
823 		if (n == 0)
824 			return;
825 
826 		if (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN) {
827 			if ((n = read(nfd, buf, plen)) < 0)
828 				return;
829 			else if (n == 0) {
830 				shutdown(nfd, SHUT_RD);
831 				pfd[0].fd = -1;
832 				pfd[0].events = 0;
833 			} else {
834 				if (tflag)
835 					atelnet(nfd, buf, n);
836 				if (atomicio(vwrite, lfd, buf, n) != n)
837 					return;
838 			}
839 		}
840 
841 		if (!dflag && pfd[1].revents & POLLIN) {
842 			if ((n = read(wfd, buf, plen)) < 0)
843 				return;
844 			else if (n == 0) {
845 				if (Nflag)
846 					shutdown(nfd, SHUT_WR);
847 				pfd[1].fd = -1;
848 				pfd[1].events = 0;
849 			} else {
850 				if (atomicio(vwrite, nfd, buf, n) != n)
851 					return;
852 			}
853 		}
854 	}
855 }
856 
857 /*
858  * fdpass()
859  * Pass the connected file descriptor to stdout and exit.
860  */
861 void
862 fdpass(int nfd)
863 {
864 	struct msghdr mh;
865 	union {
866 		struct cmsghdr hdr;
867 		char buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
868 	} cmsgbuf;
869 	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
870 	struct iovec iov;
871 	char c = '\0';
872 	ssize_t r;
873 	struct pollfd pfd;
874 
875 	/* Avoid obvious stupidity */
876 	if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO))
877 		errx(1, "Cannot pass file descriptor to tty");
878 
879 	bzero(&mh, sizeof(mh));
880 	bzero(&cmsgbuf, sizeof(cmsgbuf));
881 	bzero(&iov, sizeof(iov));
882 	bzero(&pfd, sizeof(pfd));
883 
884 	mh.msg_control = (caddr_t)&cmsgbuf.buf;
885 	mh.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf.buf);
886 	cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
887 	cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
888 	cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
889 	cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
890 	*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg) = nfd;
891 
892 	iov.iov_base = &c;
893 	iov.iov_len = 1;
894 	mh.msg_iov = &iov;
895 	mh.msg_iovlen = 1;
896 
897 	bzero(&pfd, sizeof(pfd));
898 	pfd.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
899 	for (;;) {
900 		r = sendmsg(STDOUT_FILENO, &mh, 0);
901 		if (r == -1) {
902 			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
903 				pfd.events = POLLOUT;
904 				if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) == -1)
905 					err(1, "poll");
906 				continue;
907 			}
908 			err(1, "sendmsg");
909 		} else if (r == -1)
910 			errx(1, "sendmsg: unexpected return value %zd", r);
911 		else
912 			break;
913 	}
914 	exit(0);
915 }
916 
917 /* Deal with RFC 854 WILL/WONT DO/DONT negotiation. */
918 void
919 atelnet(int nfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int size)
920 {
921 	unsigned char *p, *end;
922 	unsigned char obuf[4];
923 
924 	if (size < 3)
925 		return;
926 	end = buf + size - 2;
927 
928 	for (p = buf; p < end; p++) {
929 		if (*p != IAC)
930 			continue;
931 
932 		obuf[0] = IAC;
933 		p++;
934 		if ((*p == WILL) || (*p == WONT))
935 			obuf[1] = DONT;
936 		else if ((*p == DO) || (*p == DONT))
937 			obuf[1] = WONT;
938 		else
939 			continue;
940 
941 		p++;
942 		obuf[2] = *p;
943 		if (atomicio(vwrite, nfd, obuf, 3) != 3)
944 			warn("Write Error!");
945 	}
946 }
947 
948 /*
949  * build_ports()
950  * Build an array of ports in portlist[], listing each port
951  * that we should try to connect to.
952  */
953 void
954 build_ports(char *p)
955 {
956 	const char *errstr;
957 	char *n;
958 	int hi, lo, cp;
959 	int x = 0;
960 
961 	if ((n = strchr(p, '-')) != NULL) {
962 		*n = '\0';
963 		n++;
964 
965 		/* Make sure the ports are in order: lowest->highest. */
966 		hi = strtonum(n, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
967 		if (errstr)
968 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, n);
969 		lo = strtonum(p, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
970 		if (errstr)
971 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, p);
972 
973 		if (lo > hi) {
974 			cp = hi;
975 			hi = lo;
976 			lo = cp;
977 		}
978 
979 		/* Load ports sequentially. */
980 		for (cp = lo; cp <= hi; cp++) {
981 			portlist[x] = calloc(1, PORT_MAX_LEN);
982 			if (portlist[x] == NULL)
983 				err(1, NULL);
984 			snprintf(portlist[x], PORT_MAX_LEN, "%d", cp);
985 			x++;
986 		}
987 
988 		/* Randomly swap ports. */
989 		if (rflag) {
990 			int y;
991 			char *c;
992 
993 			for (x = 0; x <= (hi - lo); x++) {
994 				y = (arc4random() & 0xFFFF) % (hi - lo);
995 				c = portlist[x];
996 				portlist[x] = portlist[y];
997 				portlist[y] = c;
998 			}
999 		}
1000 	} else {
1001 		hi = strtonum(p, 1, PORT_MAX, &errstr);
1002 		if (errstr)
1003 			errx(1, "port number %s: %s", errstr, p);
1004 		portlist[0] = strdup(p);
1005 		if (portlist[0] == NULL)
1006 			err(1, NULL);
1007 	}
1008 }
1009 
1010 /*
1011  * udptest()
1012  * Do a few writes to see if the UDP port is there.
1013  * Fails once PF state table is full.
1014  */
1015 int
1016 udptest(int s)
1017 {
1018 	int i, ret;
1019 
1020 	for (i = 0; i <= 3; i++) {
1021 		if (write(s, "X", 1) == 1)
1022 			ret = 1;
1023 		else
1024 			ret = -1;
1025 	}
1026 	return (ret);
1027 }
1028 
1029 void
1030 set_common_sockopts(int s)
1031 {
1032 	int x = 1;
1033 
1034 	if (Sflag) {
1035 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_MD5SIG,
1036 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
1037 			err(1, NULL);
1038 	}
1039 	if (Dflag) {
1040 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG,
1041 			&x, sizeof(x)) == -1)
1042 			err(1, NULL);
1043 	}
1044 	if (Tflag != -1) {
1045 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS,
1046 		    &Tflag, sizeof(Tflag)) == -1)
1047 			err(1, "set IP ToS");
1048 	}
1049 	if (Iflag) {
1050 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
1051 		    &Iflag, sizeof(Iflag)) == -1)
1052 			err(1, "set TCP receive buffer size");
1053 	}
1054 	if (Oflag) {
1055 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF,
1056 		    &Oflag, sizeof(Oflag)) == -1)
1057 			err(1, "set TCP send buffer size");
1058 	}
1059 	if (FreeBSD_Oflag) {
1060 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NOOPT,
1061 		    &FreeBSD_Oflag, sizeof(FreeBSD_Oflag)) == -1)
1062 			err(1, "disable TCP options");
1063 	}
1064 }
1065 
1066 int
1067 map_tos(char *s, int *val)
1068 {
1069 	/* DiffServ Codepoints and other TOS mappings */
1070 	const struct toskeywords {
1071 		const char	*keyword;
1072 		int		 val;
1073 	} *t, toskeywords[] = {
1074 		{ "af11",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
1075 		{ "af12",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
1076 		{ "af13",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
1077 		{ "af21",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
1078 		{ "af22",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
1079 		{ "af23",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
1080 		{ "af31",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
1081 		{ "af32",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
1082 		{ "af33",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
1083 		{ "af41",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
1084 		{ "af42",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
1085 		{ "af43",		IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
1086 		{ "critical",		IPTOS_PREC_CRITIC_ECP },
1087 		{ "cs0",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
1088 		{ "cs1",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
1089 		{ "cs2",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
1090 		{ "cs3",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
1091 		{ "cs4",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
1092 		{ "cs5",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
1093 		{ "cs6",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
1094 		{ "cs7",		IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
1095 		{ "ef",			IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
1096 		{ "inetcontrol",	IPTOS_PREC_INTERNETCONTROL },
1097 		{ "lowdelay",		IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
1098 		{ "netcontrol",		IPTOS_PREC_NETCONTROL },
1099 		{ "reliability",	IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
1100 		{ "throughput",		IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
1101 		{ NULL, 		-1 },
1102 	};
1103 
1104 	for (t = toskeywords; t->keyword != NULL; t++) {
1105 		if (strcmp(s, t->keyword) == 0) {
1106 			*val = t->val;
1107 			return (1);
1108 		}
1109 	}
1110 
1111 	return (0);
1112 }
1113 
1114 void
1115 report_connect(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
1116 {
1117 	char remote_host[NI_MAXHOST];
1118 	char remote_port[NI_MAXSERV];
1119 	int herr;
1120 	int flags = NI_NUMERICSERV;
1121 
1122 	if (nflag)
1123 		flags |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
1124 
1125 	if ((herr = getnameinfo(sa, salen,
1126 	    remote_host, sizeof(remote_host),
1127 	    remote_port, sizeof(remote_port),
1128 	    flags)) != 0) {
1129 		if (herr == EAI_SYSTEM)
1130 			err(1, "getnameinfo");
1131 		else
1132 			errx(1, "getnameinfo: %s", gai_strerror(herr));
1133 	}
1134 
1135 	fprintf(stderr,
1136 	    "Connection from %s %s "
1137 	    "received!\n", remote_host, remote_port);
1138 }
1139 
1140 void
1141 help(void)
1142 {
1143 	usage(0);
1144 	fprintf(stderr, "\tCommand Summary:\n\
1145 	\t-4		Use IPv4\n\
1146 	\t-6		Use IPv6\n\
1147 	\t-D		Enable the debug socket option\n\
1148 	\t-d		Detach from stdin\n");
1149 #ifdef IPSEC
1150 	fprintf(stderr, "\
1151 	\t-E		Use IPsec ESP\n\
1152 	\t-e policy	Use specified IPsec policy\n");
1153 #endif
1154 	fprintf(stderr, "\
1155 	\t-F		Pass socket fd\n\
1156 	\t-h		This help text\n\
1157 	\t-I length	TCP receive buffer length\n\
1158 	\t-i secs\t	Delay interval for lines sent, ports scanned\n\
1159 	\t-k		Keep inbound sockets open for multiple connects\n\
1160 	\t-l		Listen mode, for inbound connects\n\
1161 	\t-N		Shutdown the network socket after EOF on stdin\n\
1162 	\t-n		Suppress name/port resolutions\n\
1163 	\t--no-tcpopt	Disable TCP options\n\
1164 	\t-O length	TCP send buffer length\n\
1165 	\t-P proxyuser\tUsername for proxy authentication\n\
1166 	\t-p port\t	Specify local port for remote connects\n\
1167 	\t-r		Randomize remote ports\n\
1168 	\t-S		Enable the TCP MD5 signature option\n\
1169 	\t-s addr\t	Local source address\n\
1170 	\t-T toskeyword\tSet IP Type of Service\n\
1171 	\t-t		Answer TELNET negotiation\n\
1172 	\t-U		Use UNIX domain socket\n\
1173 	\t-u		UDP mode\n\
1174 	\t-V rtable	Specify alternate routing table\n\
1175 	\t-v		Verbose\n\
1176 	\t-w secs\t	Timeout for connects and final net reads\n\
1177 	\t-X proto	Proxy protocol: \"4\", \"5\" (SOCKS) or \"connect\"\n\
1178 	\t-x addr[:port]\tSpecify proxy address and port\n\
1179 	\t-z		Zero-I/O mode [used for scanning]\n\
1180 	Port numbers can be individual or ranges: lo-hi [inclusive]\n");
1181 #ifdef IPSEC
1182 	fprintf(stderr, "See ipsec_set_policy(3) for -e argument format\n");
1183 #endif
1184 	exit(1);
1185 }
1186 
1187 #ifdef IPSEC
1188 void
1189 add_ipsec_policy(int s, char *policy)
1190 {
1191 	char *raw;
1192 	int e;
1193 
1194 	raw = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
1195 	if (raw == NULL)
1196 		errx(1, "ipsec_set_policy `%s': %s", policy,
1197 		     ipsec_strerror());
1198 	e = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY, raw,
1199 			ipsec_get_policylen(raw));
1200 	if (e < 0)
1201 		err(1, "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
1202 	free(raw);
1203 	if (vflag)
1204 		fprintf(stderr, "ipsec policy configured: `%s'\n", policy);
1205 	return;
1206 }
1207 #endif /* IPSEC */
1208 
1209 void
1210 usage(int ret)
1211 {
1212 	fprintf(stderr,
1213 #ifdef IPSEC
1214 	    "usage: nc [-46DdEFhklNnrStUuvz] [-e policy] [-I length] [-i interval] [-O length]\n"
1215 #else
1216 	    "usage: nc [-46DdFhklNnrStUuvz] [-I length] [-i interval] [-O length]\n"
1217 #endif
1218 	    "\t  [-P proxy_username] [-p source_port] [-s source] [-T ToS]\n"
1219 	    "\t  [-V rtable] [-w timeout] [-X proxy_protocol]\n"
1220 	    "\t  [-x proxy_address[:port]] [destination] [port]\n");
1221 	if (ret)
1222 		exit(1);
1223 }
1224