lib/CodeGen/TargetPassConfig.cpp

//===- TargetPassConfig.cpp - Target independent code generation passes ---===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file defines interfaces to access the target independent code
// generation passes provided by the LLVM backend.
//
//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetPassConfig.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/BasicAliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CFLAndersAliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CFLSteensAliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CallGraphSCCPass.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ScopedNoAliasAA.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TypeBasedAliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/BasicBlockSectionsProfileReader.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/CSEConfigBase.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachinePassRegistry.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/RegAllocRegistry.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRPrintingPasses.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PassInstrumentation.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
#include "llvm/MC/MCAsmInfo.h"
#include "llvm/MC/MCTargetOptions.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CodeGen.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Discriminator.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/SaveAndRestore.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Threading.h"
#include "llvm/Target/CGPassBuilderOption.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <string>

using namespace llvm;

static cl::opt<bool>
    EnableIPRA("enable-ipra", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
               cl::desc("Enable interprocedural register allocation "
                        "to reduce load/store at procedure calls."));
static cl::opt<bool> DisablePostRASched("disable-post-ra", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Post Regalloc Scheduler"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableBranchFold("disable-branch-fold", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable branch folding"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableTailDuplicate("disable-tail-duplicate", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable tail duplication"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableEarlyTailDup("disable-early-taildup", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable pre-register allocation tail duplication"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableBlockPlacement("disable-block-placement",
    cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Disable probability-driven block placement"));
static cl::opt<bool> EnableBlockPlacementStats("enable-block-placement-stats",
    cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Collect probability-driven block placement stats"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableSSC("disable-ssc", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Stack Slot Coloring"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableMachineDCE("disable-machine-dce", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Machine Dead Code Elimination"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableEarlyIfConversion("disable-early-ifcvt", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Early If-conversion"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableMachineLICM("disable-machine-licm", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Machine LICM"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableMachineCSE("disable-machine-cse", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Machine Common Subexpression Elimination"));
static cl::opt<cl::boolOrDefault> OptimizeRegAlloc(
    "optimize-regalloc", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Enable optimized register allocation compilation path."));
static cl::opt<bool> DisablePostRAMachineLICM("disable-postra-machine-licm",
    cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Machine LICM"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableMachineSink("disable-machine-sink", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Machine Sinking"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisablePostRAMachineSink("disable-postra-machine-sink",
    cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable PostRA Machine Sinking"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableLSR("disable-lsr", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Loop Strength Reduction Pass"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableConstantHoisting("disable-constant-hoisting",
    cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Disable ConstantHoisting"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableCGP("disable-cgp", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Codegen Prepare"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisableCopyProp("disable-copyprop", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable Copy Propagation pass"));
static cl::opt<bool> DisablePartialLibcallInlining("disable-partial-libcall-inlining",
    cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Disable Partial Libcall Inlining"));
static cl::opt<bool> EnableImplicitNullChecks(
    "enable-implicit-null-checks",
    cl::desc("Fold null checks into faulting memory operations"),
    cl::init(false), cl::Hidden);
static cl::opt<bool> DisableMergeICmps("disable-mergeicmps",
    cl::desc("Disable MergeICmps Pass"),
    cl::init(false), cl::Hidden);
static cl::opt<bool> PrintLSR("print-lsr-output", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Print LLVM IR produced by the loop-reduce pass"));
static cl::opt<bool> PrintISelInput("print-isel-input", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Print LLVM IR input to isel pass"));
static cl::opt<bool> PrintGCInfo("print-gc", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Dump garbage collector data"));
static cl::opt<cl::boolOrDefault>
    VerifyMachineCode("verify-machineinstrs", cl::Hidden,
                      cl::desc("Verify generated machine code"));
static cl::opt<cl::boolOrDefault>
    DebugifyAndStripAll("debugify-and-strip-all-safe", cl::Hidden,
                        cl::desc("Debugify MIR before and Strip debug after "
                                 "each pass except those known to be unsafe "
                                 "when debug info is present"));
static cl::opt<cl::boolOrDefault> DebugifyCheckAndStripAll(
    "debugify-check-and-strip-all-safe", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc(
        "Debugify MIR before, by checking and stripping the debug info after, "
        "each pass except those known to be unsafe when debug info is "
        "present"));
// Enable or disable the MachineOutliner.
static cl::opt<RunOutliner> EnableMachineOutliner(
    "enable-machine-outliner", cl::desc("Enable the machine outliner"),
    cl::Hidden, cl::ValueOptional, cl::init(RunOutliner::TargetDefault),
    cl::values(clEnumValN(RunOutliner::AlwaysOutline, "always",
                          "Run on all functions guaranteed to be beneficial"),
               clEnumValN(RunOutliner::NeverOutline, "never",
                          "Disable all outlining"),
               // Sentinel value for unspecified option.
               clEnumValN(RunOutliner::AlwaysOutline, "", "")));
// Disable the pass to fix unwind information. Whether the pass is included in
// the pipeline is controlled via the target options, this option serves as
// manual override.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableCFIFixup("disable-cfi-fixup", cl::Hidden,
                                     cl::desc("Disable the CFI fixup pass"));
// Enable or disable FastISel. Both options are needed, because
// FastISel is enabled by default with -fast, and we wish to be
// able to enable or disable fast-isel independently from -O0.
static cl::opt<cl::boolOrDefault>
EnableFastISelOption("fast-isel", cl::Hidden,
  cl::desc("Enable the \"fast\" instruction selector"));

static cl::opt<cl::boolOrDefault> EnableGlobalISelOption(
    "global-isel", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Enable the \"global\" instruction selector"));

// FIXME: remove this after switching to NPM or GlobalISel, whichever gets there
//        first...
static cl::opt<bool>
    PrintAfterISel("print-after-isel", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                   cl::desc("Print machine instrs after ISel"));

static cl::opt<GlobalISelAbortMode> EnableGlobalISelAbort(
    "global-isel-abort", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Enable abort calls when \"global\" instruction selection "
             "fails to lower/select an instruction"),
    cl::values(
        clEnumValN(GlobalISelAbortMode::Disable, "0", "Disable the abort"),
        clEnumValN(GlobalISelAbortMode::Enable, "1", "Enable the abort"),
        clEnumValN(GlobalISelAbortMode::DisableWithDiag, "2",
                   "Disable the abort but emit a diagnostic on failure")));

// An option that disables inserting FS-AFDO discriminators before emit.
// This is mainly for debugging and tuning purpose.
static cl::opt<bool>
    FSNoFinalDiscrim("fs-no-final-discrim", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                     cl::desc("Do not insert FS-AFDO discriminators before "
                              "emit."));
// Disable MIRProfileLoader before RegAlloc. This is for for debugging and
// tuning purpose.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableRAFSProfileLoader(
    "disable-ra-fsprofile-loader", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable MIRProfileLoader before RegAlloc"));
// Disable MIRProfileLoader before BloackPlacement. This is for for debugging
// and tuning purpose.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableLayoutFSProfileLoader(
    "disable-layout-fsprofile-loader", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable MIRProfileLoader before BlockPlacement"));
// Specify FSProfile file name.
static cl::opt<std::string>
    FSProfileFile("fs-profile-file", cl::init(""), cl::value_desc("filename"),
                  cl::desc("Flow Sensitive profile file name."), cl::Hidden);
// Specify Remapping file for FSProfile.
static cl::opt<std::string> FSRemappingFile(
    "fs-remapping-file", cl::init(""), cl::value_desc("filename"),
    cl::desc("Flow Sensitive profile remapping file name."), cl::Hidden);

// Temporary option to allow experimenting with MachineScheduler as a post-RA
// scheduler. Targets can "properly" enable this with
// substitutePass(&PostRASchedulerID, &PostMachineSchedulerID).
// Targets can return true in targetSchedulesPostRAScheduling() and
// insert a PostRA scheduling pass wherever it wants.
static cl::opt<bool> MISchedPostRA(
    "misched-postra", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc(
        "Run MachineScheduler post regalloc (independent of preRA sched)"));

// Experimental option to run live interval analysis early.
static cl::opt<bool> EarlyLiveIntervals("early-live-intervals", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Run live interval analysis earlier in the pipeline"));

// Experimental option to use CFL-AA in codegen
static cl::opt<CFLAAType> UseCFLAA(
    "use-cfl-aa-in-codegen", cl::init(CFLAAType::None), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Enable the new, experimental CFL alias analysis in CodeGen"),
    cl::values(clEnumValN(CFLAAType::None, "none", "Disable CFL-AA"),
               clEnumValN(CFLAAType::Steensgaard, "steens",
                          "Enable unification-based CFL-AA"),
               clEnumValN(CFLAAType::Andersen, "anders",
                          "Enable inclusion-based CFL-AA"),
               clEnumValN(CFLAAType::Both, "both",
                          "Enable both variants of CFL-AA")));

/// Option names for limiting the codegen pipeline.
/// Those are used in error reporting and we didn't want
/// to duplicate their names all over the place.
static const char StartAfterOptName[] = "start-after";
static const char StartBeforeOptName[] = "start-before";
static const char StopAfterOptName[] = "stop-after";
static const char StopBeforeOptName[] = "stop-before";

static cl::opt<std::string>
    StartAfterOpt(StringRef(StartAfterOptName),
                  cl::desc("Resume compilation after a specific pass"),
                  cl::value_desc("pass-name"), cl::init(""), cl::Hidden);

static cl::opt<std::string>
    StartBeforeOpt(StringRef(StartBeforeOptName),
                   cl::desc("Resume compilation before a specific pass"),
                   cl::value_desc("pass-name"), cl::init(""), cl::Hidden);

static cl::opt<std::string>
    StopAfterOpt(StringRef(StopAfterOptName),
                 cl::desc("Stop compilation after a specific pass"),
                 cl::value_desc("pass-name"), cl::init(""), cl::Hidden);

static cl::opt<std::string>
    StopBeforeOpt(StringRef(StopBeforeOptName),
                  cl::desc("Stop compilation before a specific pass"),
                  cl::value_desc("pass-name"), cl::init(""), cl::Hidden);

/// Enable the machine function splitter pass.
static cl::opt<bool> EnableMachineFunctionSplitter(
    "enable-split-machine-functions", cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Split out cold blocks from machine functions based on profile "
             "information."));

/// Disable the expand reductions pass for testing.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableExpandReductions(
    "disable-expand-reductions", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable the expand reduction intrinsics pass from running"));

/// Disable the select optimization pass.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableSelectOptimize(
    "disable-select-optimize", cl::init(true), cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Disable the select-optimization pass from running"));

/// Allow standard passes to be disabled by command line options. This supports
/// simple binary flags that either suppress the pass or do nothing.
/// i.e. -disable-mypass=false has no effect.
/// These should be converted to boolOrDefault in order to use applyOverride.
static IdentifyingPassPtr applyDisable(IdentifyingPassPtr PassID,
                                       bool Override) {
  if (Override)
    return IdentifyingPassPtr();
  return PassID;
}

/// Allow standard passes to be disabled by the command line, regardless of who
/// is adding the pass.
///
/// StandardID is the pass identified in the standard pass pipeline and provided
/// to addPass(). It may be a target-specific ID in the case that the target
/// directly adds its own pass, but in that case we harmlessly fall through.
///
/// TargetID is the pass that the target has configured to override StandardID.
///
/// StandardID may be a pseudo ID. In that case TargetID is the name of the real
/// pass to run. This allows multiple options to control a single pass depending
/// on where in the pipeline that pass is added.
static IdentifyingPassPtr overridePass(AnalysisID StandardID,
                                       IdentifyingPassPtr TargetID) {
  if (StandardID == &PostRASchedulerID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisablePostRASched);

  if (StandardID == &BranchFolderPassID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableBranchFold);

  if (StandardID == &TailDuplicateID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableTailDuplicate);

  if (StandardID == &EarlyTailDuplicateID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableEarlyTailDup);

  if (StandardID == &MachineBlockPlacementID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableBlockPlacement);

  if (StandardID == &StackSlotColoringID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableSSC);

  if (StandardID == &DeadMachineInstructionElimID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableMachineDCE);

  if (StandardID == &EarlyIfConverterID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableEarlyIfConversion);

  if (StandardID == &EarlyMachineLICMID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableMachineLICM);

  if (StandardID == &MachineCSEID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableMachineCSE);

  if (StandardID == &MachineLICMID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisablePostRAMachineLICM);

  if (StandardID == &MachineSinkingID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableMachineSink);

  if (StandardID == &PostRAMachineSinkingID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisablePostRAMachineSink);

  if (StandardID == &MachineCopyPropagationID)
    return applyDisable(TargetID, DisableCopyProp);

  return TargetID;
}

// Find the FSProfile file name. The internal option takes the precedence
// before getting from TargetMachine.
static std::string getFSProfileFile(const TargetMachine *TM) {
  if (!FSProfileFile.empty())
    return FSProfileFile.getValue();
  const Optional<PGOOptions> &PGOOpt = TM->getPGOOption();
  if (PGOOpt == None || PGOOpt->Action != PGOOptions::SampleUse)
    return std::string();
  return PGOOpt->ProfileFile;
}

// Find the Profile remapping file name. The internal option takes the
// precedence before getting from TargetMachine.
static std::string getFSRemappingFile(const TargetMachine *TM) {
  if (!FSRemappingFile.empty())
    return FSRemappingFile.getValue();
  const Optional<PGOOptions> &PGOOpt = TM->getPGOOption();
  if (PGOOpt == None || PGOOpt->Action != PGOOptions::SampleUse)
    return std::string();
  return PGOOpt->ProfileRemappingFile;
}

//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// TargetPassConfig
//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//

INITIALIZE_PASS(TargetPassConfig, "targetpassconfig",
                "Target Pass Configuration", false, false)
char TargetPassConfig::ID = 0;

namespace {

struct InsertedPass {
  AnalysisID TargetPassID;
  IdentifyingPassPtr InsertedPassID;

  InsertedPass(AnalysisID TargetPassID, IdentifyingPassPtr InsertedPassID)
      : TargetPassID(TargetPassID), InsertedPassID(InsertedPassID) {}

  Pass *getInsertedPass() const {
    assert(InsertedPassID.isValid() && "Illegal Pass ID!");
    if (InsertedPassID.isInstance())
      return InsertedPassID.getInstance();
    Pass *NP = Pass::createPass(InsertedPassID.getID());
    assert(NP && "Pass ID not registered");
    return NP;
  }
};

} // end anonymous namespace

namespace llvm {

extern cl::opt<bool> EnableFSDiscriminator;

class PassConfigImpl {
public:
  // List of passes explicitly substituted by this target. Normally this is
  // empty, but it is a convenient way to suppress or replace specific passes
  // that are part of a standard pass pipeline without overridding the entire
  // pipeline. This mechanism allows target options to inherit a standard pass's
  // user interface. For example, a target may disable a standard pass by
  // default by substituting a pass ID of zero, and the user may still enable
  // that standard pass with an explicit command line option.
  DenseMap<AnalysisID,IdentifyingPassPtr> TargetPasses;

  /// Store the pairs of <AnalysisID, AnalysisID> of which the second pass
  /// is inserted after each instance of the first one.
  SmallVector<InsertedPass, 4> InsertedPasses;
};

} // end namespace llvm

// Out of line virtual method.
TargetPassConfig::~TargetPassConfig() {
  delete Impl;
}

static const PassInfo *getPassInfo(StringRef PassName) {
  if (PassName.empty())
    return nullptr;

  const PassRegistry &PR = *PassRegistry::getPassRegistry();
  const PassInfo *PI = PR.getPassInfo(PassName);
  if (!PI)
    report_fatal_error(Twine('\"') + Twine(PassName) +
                       Twine("\" pass is not registered."));
  return PI;
}

static AnalysisID getPassIDFromName(StringRef PassName) {
  const PassInfo *PI = getPassInfo(PassName);
  return PI ? PI->getTypeInfo() : nullptr;
}

static std::pair<StringRef, unsigned>
getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StringRef PassName) {
  StringRef Name, InstanceNumStr;
  std::tie(Name, InstanceNumStr) = PassName.split(',');

  unsigned InstanceNum = 0;
  if (!InstanceNumStr.empty() && InstanceNumStr.getAsInteger(10, InstanceNum))
    report_fatal_error("invalid pass instance specifier " + PassName);

  return std::make_pair(Name, InstanceNum);
}

void TargetPassConfig::setStartStopPasses() {
  StringRef StartBeforeName;
  std::tie(StartBeforeName, StartBeforeInstanceNum) =
    getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StartBeforeOpt);

  StringRef StartAfterName;
  std::tie(StartAfterName, StartAfterInstanceNum) =
    getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StartAfterOpt);

  StringRef StopBeforeName;
  std::tie(StopBeforeName, StopBeforeInstanceNum)
    = getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StopBeforeOpt);

  StringRef StopAfterName;
  std::tie(StopAfterName, StopAfterInstanceNum)
    = getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StopAfterOpt);

  StartBefore = getPassIDFromName(StartBeforeName);
  StartAfter = getPassIDFromName(StartAfterName);
  StopBefore = getPassIDFromName(StopBeforeName);
  StopAfter = getPassIDFromName(StopAfterName);
  if (StartBefore && StartAfter)
    report_fatal_error(Twine(StartBeforeOptName) + Twine(" and ") +
                       Twine(StartAfterOptName) + Twine(" specified!"));
  if (StopBefore && StopAfter)
    report_fatal_error(Twine(StopBeforeOptName) + Twine(" and ") +
                       Twine(StopAfterOptName) + Twine(" specified!"));
  Started = (StartAfter == nullptr) && (StartBefore == nullptr);
}

CGPassBuilderOption llvm::getCGPassBuilderOption() {
  CGPassBuilderOption Opt;

#define SET_OPTION(Option)                                                     \
  if (Option.getNumOccurrences())                                              \
    Opt.Option = Option;

  SET_OPTION(EnableFastISelOption)
  SET_OPTION(EnableGlobalISelAbort)
  SET_OPTION(EnableGlobalISelOption)
  SET_OPTION(EnableIPRA)
  SET_OPTION(OptimizeRegAlloc)
  SET_OPTION(VerifyMachineCode)

#define SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(Option) Opt.Option = Option;

  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(EarlyLiveIntervals)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(EnableBlockPlacementStats)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(EnableImplicitNullChecks)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(EnableMachineOutliner)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(MISchedPostRA)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(UseCFLAA)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(DisableMergeICmps)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(DisableLSR)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(DisableConstantHoisting)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(DisableCGP)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(DisablePartialLibcallInlining)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(DisableSelectOptimize)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(PrintLSR)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(PrintISelInput)
  SET_BOOLEAN_OPTION(PrintGCInfo)

  return Opt;
}

static void registerPartialPipelineCallback(PassInstrumentationCallbacks &PIC,
                                            LLVMTargetMachine &LLVMTM) {
  StringRef StartBefore;
  StringRef StartAfter;
  StringRef StopBefore;
  StringRef StopAfter;

  unsigned StartBeforeInstanceNum = 0;
  unsigned StartAfterInstanceNum = 0;
  unsigned StopBeforeInstanceNum = 0;
  unsigned StopAfterInstanceNum = 0;

  std::tie(StartBefore, StartBeforeInstanceNum) =
      getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StartBeforeOpt);
  std::tie(StartAfter, StartAfterInstanceNum) =
      getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StartAfterOpt);
  std::tie(StopBefore, StopBeforeInstanceNum) =
      getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StopBeforeOpt);
  std::tie(StopAfter, StopAfterInstanceNum) =
      getPassNameAndInstanceNum(StopAfterOpt);

  if (StartBefore.empty() && StartAfter.empty() && StopBefore.empty() &&
      StopAfter.empty())
    return;

  std::tie(StartBefore, std::ignore) =
      LLVMTM.getPassNameFromLegacyName(StartBefore);
  std::tie(StartAfter, std::ignore) =
      LLVMTM.getPassNameFromLegacyName(StartAfter);
  std::tie(StopBefore, std::ignore) =
      LLVMTM.getPassNameFromLegacyName(StopBefore);
  std::tie(StopAfter, std::ignore) =
      LLVMTM.getPassNameFromLegacyName(StopAfter);
  if (!StartBefore.empty() && !StartAfter.empty())
    report_fatal_error(Twine(StartBeforeOptName) + Twine(" and ") +
                       Twine(StartAfterOptName) + Twine(" specified!"));
  if (!StopBefore.empty() && !StopAfter.empty())
    report_fatal_error(Twine(StopBeforeOptName) + Twine(" and ") +
                       Twine(StopAfterOptName) + Twine(" specified!"));

  PIC.registerShouldRunOptionalPassCallback(
      [=, EnableCurrent = StartBefore.empty() && StartAfter.empty(),
       EnableNext = Optional<bool>(), StartBeforeCount = 0u,
       StartAfterCount = 0u, StopBeforeCount = 0u,
       StopAfterCount = 0u](StringRef P, Any) mutable {
        bool StartBeforePass = !StartBefore.empty() && P.contains(StartBefore);
        bool StartAfterPass = !StartAfter.empty() && P.contains(StartAfter);
        bool StopBeforePass = !StopBefore.empty() && P.contains(StopBefore);
        bool StopAfterPass = !StopAfter.empty() && P.contains(StopAfter);

        // Implement -start-after/-stop-after
        if (EnableNext) {
          EnableCurrent = *EnableNext;
          EnableNext.reset();
        }

        // Using PIC.registerAfterPassCallback won't work because if this
        // callback returns false, AfterPassCallback is also skipped.
        if (StartAfterPass && StartAfterCount++ == StartAfterInstanceNum) {
          assert(!EnableNext && "Error: assign to EnableNext more than once");
          EnableNext = true;
        }
        if (StopAfterPass && StopAfterCount++ == StopAfterInstanceNum) {
          assert(!EnableNext && "Error: assign to EnableNext more than once");
          EnableNext = false;
        }

        if (StartBeforePass && StartBeforeCount++ == StartBeforeInstanceNum)
          EnableCurrent = true;
        if (StopBeforePass && StopBeforeCount++ == StopBeforeInstanceNum)
          EnableCurrent = false;
        return EnableCurrent;
      });
}

void llvm::registerCodeGenCallback(PassInstrumentationCallbacks &PIC,
                                   LLVMTargetMachine &LLVMTM) {

  // Register a callback for disabling passes.
  PIC.registerShouldRunOptionalPassCallback([](StringRef P, Any) {

#define DISABLE_PASS(Option, Name)                                             \
  if (Option && P.contains(#Name))                                             \
    return false;
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableBlockPlacement, MachineBlockPlacementPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableBranchFold, BranchFolderPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableCopyProp, MachineCopyPropagationPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableEarlyIfConversion, EarlyIfConverterPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableEarlyTailDup, EarlyTailDuplicatePass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableMachineCSE, MachineCSEPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableMachineDCE, DeadMachineInstructionElimPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableMachineLICM, EarlyMachineLICMPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableMachineSink, MachineSinkingPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisablePostRAMachineLICM, MachineLICMPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisablePostRAMachineSink, PostRAMachineSinkingPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisablePostRASched, PostRASchedulerPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableSSC, StackSlotColoringPass)
    DISABLE_PASS(DisableTailDuplicate, TailDuplicatePass)

    return true;
  });

  registerPartialPipelineCallback(PIC, LLVMTM);
}

// Out of line constructor provides default values for pass options and
// registers all common codegen passes.
TargetPassConfig::TargetPassConfig(LLVMTargetMachine &TM, PassManagerBase &pm)
    : ImmutablePass(ID), PM(&pm), TM(&TM) {
  Impl = new PassConfigImpl();

  // Register all target independent codegen passes to activate their PassIDs,
  // including this pass itself.
  initializeCodeGen(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());

  // Also register alias analysis passes required by codegen passes.
  initializeBasicAAWrapperPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
  initializeAAResultsWrapperPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());

  if (EnableIPRA.getNumOccurrences())
    TM.Options.EnableIPRA = EnableIPRA;
  else {
    // If not explicitly specified, use target default.
    TM.Options.EnableIPRA |= TM.useIPRA();
  }

  if (TM.Options.EnableIPRA)
    setRequiresCodeGenSCCOrder();

  if (EnableGlobalISelAbort.getNumOccurrences())
    TM.Options.GlobalISelAbort = EnableGlobalISelAbort;

  setStartStopPasses();
}

CodeGenOpt::Level TargetPassConfig::getOptLevel() const {
  return TM->getOptLevel();
}

/// Insert InsertedPassID pass after TargetPassID.
void TargetPassConfig::insertPass(AnalysisID TargetPassID,
                                  IdentifyingPassPtr InsertedPassID) {
  assert(((!InsertedPassID.isInstance() &&
           TargetPassID != InsertedPassID.getID()) ||
          (InsertedPassID.isInstance() &&
           TargetPassID != InsertedPassID.getInstance()->getPassID())) &&
         "Insert a pass after itself!");
  Impl->InsertedPasses.emplace_back(TargetPassID, InsertedPassID);
}

/// createPassConfig - Create a pass configuration object to be used by
/// addPassToEmitX methods for generating a pipeline of CodeGen passes.
///
/// Targets may override this to extend TargetPassConfig.
TargetPassConfig *LLVMTargetMachine::createPassConfig(PassManagerBase &PM) {
  return new TargetPassConfig(*this, PM);
}

TargetPassConfig::TargetPassConfig()
  : ImmutablePass(ID) {
  report_fatal_error("Trying to construct TargetPassConfig without a target "
                     "machine. Scheduling a CodeGen pass without a target "
                     "triple set?");
}

bool TargetPassConfig::willCompleteCodeGenPipeline() {
  return StopBeforeOpt.empty() && StopAfterOpt.empty();
}

bool TargetPassConfig::hasLimitedCodeGenPipeline() {
  return !StartBeforeOpt.empty() || !StartAfterOpt.empty() ||
         !willCompleteCodeGenPipeline();
}

std::string
TargetPassConfig::getLimitedCodeGenPipelineReason(const char *Separator) {
  if (!hasLimitedCodeGenPipeline())
    return std::string();
  std::string Res;
  static cl::opt<std::string> *PassNames[] = {&StartAfterOpt, &StartBeforeOpt,
                                              &StopAfterOpt, &StopBeforeOpt};
  static const char *OptNames[] = {StartAfterOptName, StartBeforeOptName,
                                   StopAfterOptName, StopBeforeOptName};
  bool IsFirst = true;
  for (int Idx = 0; Idx < 4; ++Idx)
    if (!PassNames[Idx]->empty()) {
      if (!IsFirst)
        Res += Separator;
      IsFirst = false;
      Res += OptNames[Idx];
    }
  return Res;
}

// Helper to verify the analysis is really immutable.
void TargetPassConfig::setOpt(bool &Opt, bool Val) {
  assert(!Initialized && "PassConfig is immutable");
  Opt = Val;
}

void TargetPassConfig::substitutePass(AnalysisID StandardID,
                                      IdentifyingPassPtr TargetID) {
  Impl->TargetPasses[StandardID] = TargetID;
}

IdentifyingPassPtr TargetPassConfig::getPassSubstitution(AnalysisID ID) const {
  DenseMap<AnalysisID, IdentifyingPassPtr>::const_iterator
    I = Impl->TargetPasses.find(ID);
  if (I == Impl->TargetPasses.end())
    return ID;
  return I->second;
}

bool TargetPassConfig::isPassSubstitutedOrOverridden(AnalysisID ID) const {
  IdentifyingPassPtr TargetID = getPassSubstitution(ID);
  IdentifyingPassPtr FinalPtr = overridePass(ID, TargetID);
  return !FinalPtr.isValid() || FinalPtr.isInstance() ||
      FinalPtr.getID() != ID;
}

/// Add a pass to the PassManager if that pass is supposed to be run.  If the
/// Started/Stopped flags indicate either that the compilation should start at
/// a later pass or that it should stop after an earlier pass, then do not add
/// the pass.  Finally, compare the current pass against the StartAfter
/// and StopAfter options and change the Started/Stopped flags accordingly.
void TargetPassConfig::addPass(Pass *P) {
  assert(!Initialized && "PassConfig is immutable");

  // Cache the Pass ID here in case the pass manager finds this pass is
  // redundant with ones already scheduled / available, and deletes it.
  // Fundamentally, once we add the pass to the manager, we no longer own it
  // and shouldn't reference it.
  AnalysisID PassID = P->getPassID();

  if (StartBefore == PassID && StartBeforeCount++ == StartBeforeInstanceNum)
    Started = true;
  if (StopBefore == PassID && StopBeforeCount++ == StopBeforeInstanceNum)
    Stopped = true;
  if (Started && !Stopped) {
    if (AddingMachinePasses) {
      // Construct banner message before PM->add() as that may delete the pass.
      std::string Banner =
          std::string("After ") + std::string(P->getPassName());
      addMachinePrePasses();
      PM->add(P);
      addMachinePostPasses(Banner);
    } else {
      PM->add(P);
    }

    // Add the passes after the pass P if there is any.
    for (const auto &IP : Impl->InsertedPasses)
      if (IP.TargetPassID == PassID)
        addPass(IP.getInsertedPass());
  } else {
    delete P;
  }

  if (StopAfter == PassID && StopAfterCount++ == StopAfterInstanceNum)
    Stopped = true;

  if (StartAfter == PassID && StartAfterCount++ == StartAfterInstanceNum)
    Started = true;
  if (Stopped && !Started)
    report_fatal_error("Cannot stop compilation after pass that is not run");
}

/// Add a CodeGen pass at this point in the pipeline after checking for target
/// and command line overrides.
///
/// addPass cannot return a pointer to the pass instance because is internal the
/// PassManager and the instance we create here may already be freed.
AnalysisID TargetPassConfig::addPass(AnalysisID PassID) {
  IdentifyingPassPtr TargetID = getPassSubstitution(PassID);
  IdentifyingPassPtr FinalPtr = overridePass(PassID, TargetID);
  if (!FinalPtr.isValid())
    return nullptr;

  Pass *P;
  if (FinalPtr.isInstance())
    P = FinalPtr.getInstance();
  else {
    P = Pass::createPass(FinalPtr.getID());
    if (!P)
      llvm_unreachable("Pass ID not registered");
  }
  AnalysisID FinalID = P->getPassID();
  addPass(P); // Ends the lifetime of P.

  return FinalID;
}

void TargetPassConfig::printAndVerify(const std::string &Banner) {
  addPrintPass(Banner);
  addVerifyPass(Banner);
}

void TargetPassConfig::addPrintPass(const std::string &Banner) {
  if (PrintAfterISel)
    PM->add(createMachineFunctionPrinterPass(dbgs(), Banner));
}

void TargetPassConfig::addVerifyPass(const std::string &Banner) {
  bool Verify = VerifyMachineCode == cl::BOU_TRUE;
#ifdef EXPENSIVE_CHECKS
  if (VerifyMachineCode == cl::BOU_UNSET)
    Verify = TM->isMachineVerifierClean();
#endif
  if (Verify)
    PM->add(createMachineVerifierPass(Banner));
}

void TargetPassConfig::addDebugifyPass() {
  PM->add(createDebugifyMachineModulePass());
}

void TargetPassConfig::addStripDebugPass() {
  PM->add(createStripDebugMachineModulePass(/*OnlyDebugified=*/true));
}

void TargetPassConfig::addCheckDebugPass() {
  PM->add(createCheckDebugMachineModulePass());
}

void TargetPassConfig::addMachinePrePasses(bool AllowDebugify) {
  if (AllowDebugify && DebugifyIsSafe &&
      (DebugifyAndStripAll == cl::BOU_TRUE ||
       DebugifyCheckAndStripAll == cl::BOU_TRUE))
    addDebugifyPass();
}

void TargetPassConfig::addMachinePostPasses(const std::string &Banner) {
  if (DebugifyIsSafe) {
    if (DebugifyCheckAndStripAll == cl::BOU_TRUE) {
      addCheckDebugPass();
      addStripDebugPass();
    } else if (DebugifyAndStripAll == cl::BOU_TRUE)
      addStripDebugPass();
  }
  addVerifyPass(Banner);
}

/// Add common target configurable passes that perform LLVM IR to IR transforms
/// following machine independent optimization.
void TargetPassConfig::addIRPasses() {
  // Before running any passes, run the verifier to determine if the input
  // coming from the front-end and/or optimizer is valid.
  if (!DisableVerify)
    addPass(createVerifierPass());

  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None) {
    switch (UseCFLAA) {
    case CFLAAType::Steensgaard:
      addPass(createCFLSteensAAWrapperPass());
      break;
    case CFLAAType::Andersen:
      addPass(createCFLAndersAAWrapperPass());
      break;
    case CFLAAType::Both:
      addPass(createCFLAndersAAWrapperPass());
      addPass(createCFLSteensAAWrapperPass());
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }

    // Basic AliasAnalysis support.
    // Add TypeBasedAliasAnalysis before BasicAliasAnalysis so that
    // BasicAliasAnalysis wins if they disagree. This is intended to help
    // support "obvious" type-punning idioms.
    addPass(createTypeBasedAAWrapperPass());
    addPass(createScopedNoAliasAAWrapperPass());
    addPass(createBasicAAWrapperPass());

    // Run loop strength reduction before anything else.
    if (!DisableLSR) {
      addPass(createCanonicalizeFreezeInLoopsPass());
      addPass(createLoopStrengthReducePass());
      if (PrintLSR)
        addPass(createPrintFunctionPass(dbgs(),
                                        "\n\n*** Code after LSR ***\n"));
    }

    // The MergeICmpsPass tries to create memcmp calls by grouping sequences of
    // loads and compares. ExpandMemCmpPass then tries to expand those calls
    // into optimally-sized loads and compares. The transforms are enabled by a
    // target lowering hook.
    if (!DisableMergeICmps)
      addPass(createMergeICmpsLegacyPass());
    addPass(createExpandMemCmpPass());
  }

  // Run GC lowering passes for builtin collectors
  // TODO: add a pass insertion point here
  addPass(&GCLoweringID);
  addPass(&ShadowStackGCLoweringID);
  addPass(createLowerConstantIntrinsicsPass());

  // For MachO, lower @llvm.global_dtors into @llvm_global_ctors with
  // __cxa_atexit() calls to avoid emitting the deprecated __mod_term_func.
  if (TM->getTargetTriple().isOSBinFormatMachO() &&
      TM->Options.LowerGlobalDtorsViaCxaAtExit)
    addPass(createLowerGlobalDtorsLegacyPass());

  // Make sure that no unreachable blocks are instruction selected.
  addPass(createUnreachableBlockEliminationPass());

  // Prepare expensive constants for SelectionDAG.
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None && !DisableConstantHoisting)
    addPass(createConstantHoistingPass());

  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None)
    addPass(createReplaceWithVeclibLegacyPass());

  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None && !DisablePartialLibcallInlining)
    addPass(createPartiallyInlineLibCallsPass());

  // Expand vector predication intrinsics into standard IR instructions.
  // This pass has to run before ScalarizeMaskedMemIntrin and ExpandReduction
  // passes since it emits those kinds of intrinsics.
  addPass(createExpandVectorPredicationPass());

  // Add scalarization of target's unsupported masked memory intrinsics pass.
  // the unsupported intrinsic will be replaced with a chain of basic blocks,
  // that stores/loads element one-by-one if the appropriate mask bit is set.
  addPass(createScalarizeMaskedMemIntrinLegacyPass());

  // Expand reduction intrinsics into shuffle sequences if the target wants to.
  // Allow disabling it for testing purposes.
  if (!DisableExpandReductions)
    addPass(createExpandReductionsPass());

  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None)
    addPass(createTLSVariableHoistPass());

  // Convert conditional moves to conditional jumps when profitable.
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None && !DisableSelectOptimize)
    addPass(createSelectOptimizePass());
}

/// Turn exception handling constructs into something the code generators can
/// handle.
void TargetPassConfig::addPassesToHandleExceptions() {
  const MCAsmInfo *MCAI = TM->getMCAsmInfo();
  assert(MCAI && "No MCAsmInfo");
  switch (MCAI->getExceptionHandlingType()) {
  case ExceptionHandling::SjLj:
    // SjLj piggy-backs on dwarf for this bit. The cleanups done apply to both
    // Dwarf EH prepare needs to be run after SjLj prepare. Otherwise,
    // catch info can get misplaced when a selector ends up more than one block
    // removed from the parent invoke(s). This could happen when a landing
    // pad is shared by multiple invokes and is also a target of a normal
    // edge from elsewhere.
    addPass(createSjLjEHPreparePass(TM));
    LLVM_FALLTHROUGH;
  case ExceptionHandling::DwarfCFI:
  case ExceptionHandling::ARM:
  case ExceptionHandling::AIX:
    addPass(createDwarfEHPass(getOptLevel()));
    break;
  case ExceptionHandling::WinEH:
    // We support using both GCC-style and MSVC-style exceptions on Windows, so
    // add both preparation passes. Each pass will only actually run if it
    // recognizes the personality function.
    addPass(createWinEHPass());
    addPass(createDwarfEHPass(getOptLevel()));
    break;
  case ExceptionHandling::Wasm:
    // Wasm EH uses Windows EH instructions, but it does not need to demote PHIs
    // on catchpads and cleanuppads because it does not outline them into
    // funclets. Catchswitch blocks are not lowered in SelectionDAG, so we
    // should remove PHIs there.
    addPass(createWinEHPass(/*DemoteCatchSwitchPHIOnly=*/false));
    addPass(createWasmEHPass());
    break;
  case ExceptionHandling::None:
    addPass(createLowerInvokePass());

    // The lower invoke pass may create unreachable code. Remove it.
    addPass(createUnreachableBlockEliminationPass());
    break;
  }
}

/// Add pass to prepare the LLVM IR for code generation. This should be done
/// before exception handling preparation passes.
void TargetPassConfig::addCodeGenPrepare() {
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None && !DisableCGP)
    addPass(createCodeGenPreparePass());
}

/// Add common passes that perform LLVM IR to IR transforms in preparation for
/// instruction selection.
void TargetPassConfig::addISelPrepare() {
  addPreISel();

  // Force codegen to run according to the callgraph.
  if (requiresCodeGenSCCOrder())
    addPass(new DummyCGSCCPass);

  // Add both the safe stack and the stack protection passes: each of them will
  // only protect functions that have corresponding attributes.
  addPass(createSafeStackPass());
  addPass(createStackProtectorPass());

  if (PrintISelInput)
    addPass(createPrintFunctionPass(
        dbgs(), "\n\n*** Final LLVM Code input to ISel ***\n"));

  // All passes which modify the LLVM IR are now complete; run the verifier
  // to ensure that the IR is valid.
  if (!DisableVerify)
    addPass(createVerifierPass());
}

bool TargetPassConfig::addCoreISelPasses() {
  // Enable FastISel with -fast-isel, but allow that to be overridden.
  TM->setO0WantsFastISel(EnableFastISelOption != cl::BOU_FALSE);

  // Determine an instruction selector.
  enum class SelectorType { SelectionDAG, FastISel, GlobalISel };
  SelectorType Selector;

  if (EnableFastISelOption == cl::BOU_TRUE)
    Selector = SelectorType::FastISel;
  else if (EnableGlobalISelOption == cl::BOU_TRUE ||
           (TM->Options.EnableGlobalISel &&
            EnableGlobalISelOption != cl::BOU_FALSE))
    Selector = SelectorType::GlobalISel;
  else if (TM->getOptLevel() == CodeGenOpt::None && TM->getO0WantsFastISel())
    Selector = SelectorType::FastISel;
  else
    Selector = SelectorType::SelectionDAG;

  // Set consistently TM->Options.EnableFastISel and EnableGlobalISel.
  if (Selector == SelectorType::FastISel) {
    TM->setFastISel(true);
    TM->setGlobalISel(false);
  } else if (Selector == SelectorType::GlobalISel) {
    TM->setFastISel(false);
    TM->setGlobalISel(true);
  }

  // FIXME: Injecting into the DAGISel pipeline seems to cause issues with
  //        analyses needing to be re-run. This can result in being unable to
  //        schedule passes (particularly with 'Function Alias Analysis
  //        Results'). It's not entirely clear why but AFAICT this seems to be
  //        due to one FunctionPassManager not being able to use analyses from a
  //        previous one. As we're injecting a ModulePass we break the usual
  //        pass manager into two. GlobalISel with the fallback path disabled
  //        and -run-pass seem to be unaffected. The majority of GlobalISel
  //        testing uses -run-pass so this probably isn't too bad.
  SaveAndRestore<bool> SavedDebugifyIsSafe(DebugifyIsSafe);
  if (Selector != SelectorType::GlobalISel || !isGlobalISelAbortEnabled())
    DebugifyIsSafe = false;

  // Add instruction selector passes.
  if (Selector == SelectorType::GlobalISel) {
    SaveAndRestore<bool> SavedAddingMachinePasses(AddingMachinePasses, true);
    if (addIRTranslator())
      return true;

    addPreLegalizeMachineIR();

    if (addLegalizeMachineIR())
      return true;

    // Before running the register bank selector, ask the target if it
    // wants to run some passes.
    addPreRegBankSelect();

    if (addRegBankSelect())
      return true;

    addPreGlobalInstructionSelect();

    if (addGlobalInstructionSelect())
      return true;

    // Pass to reset the MachineFunction if the ISel failed.
    addPass(createResetMachineFunctionPass(
        reportDiagnosticWhenGlobalISelFallback(), isGlobalISelAbortEnabled()));

    // Provide a fallback path when we do not want to abort on
    // not-yet-supported input.
    if (!isGlobalISelAbortEnabled() && addInstSelector())
      return true;

  } else if (addInstSelector())
    return true;

  // Expand pseudo-instructions emitted by ISel. Don't run the verifier before
  // FinalizeISel.
  addPass(&FinalizeISelID);

  // Print the instruction selected machine code...
  printAndVerify("After Instruction Selection");

  return false;
}

bool TargetPassConfig::addISelPasses() {
  if (TM->useEmulatedTLS())
    addPass(createLowerEmuTLSPass());

  addPass(createPreISelIntrinsicLoweringPass());
  PM->add(createTargetTransformInfoWrapperPass(TM->getTargetIRAnalysis()));
  addIRPasses();
  addCodeGenPrepare();
  addPassesToHandleExceptions();
  addISelPrepare();

  return addCoreISelPasses();
}

/// -regalloc=... command line option.
static FunctionPass *useDefaultRegisterAllocator() { return nullptr; }
static cl::opt<RegisterRegAlloc::FunctionPassCtor, false,
               RegisterPassParser<RegisterRegAlloc>>
    RegAlloc("regalloc", cl::Hidden, cl::init(&useDefaultRegisterAllocator),
             cl::desc("Register allocator to use"));

/// Add the complete set of target-independent postISel code generator passes.
///
/// This can be read as the standard order of major LLVM CodeGen stages. Stages
/// with nontrivial configuration or multiple passes are broken out below in
/// add%Stage routines.
///
/// Any TargetPassConfig::addXX routine may be overriden by the Target. The
/// addPre/Post methods with empty header implementations allow injecting
/// target-specific fixups just before or after major stages. Additionally,
/// targets have the flexibility to change pass order within a stage by
/// overriding default implementation of add%Stage routines below. Each
/// technique has maintainability tradeoffs because alternate pass orders are
/// not well supported. addPre/Post works better if the target pass is easily
/// tied to a common pass. But if it has subtle dependencies on multiple passes,
/// the target should override the stage instead.
///
/// TODO: We could use a single addPre/Post(ID) hook to allow pass injection
/// before/after any target-independent pass. But it's currently overkill.
void TargetPassConfig::addMachinePasses() {
  AddingMachinePasses = true;

  // Add passes that optimize machine instructions in SSA form.
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None) {
    addMachineSSAOptimization();
  } else {
    // If the target requests it, assign local variables to stack slots relative
    // to one another and simplify frame index references where possible.
    addPass(&LocalStackSlotAllocationID);
  }

  if (TM->Options.EnableIPRA)
    addPass(createRegUsageInfoPropPass());

  // Run pre-ra passes.
  addPreRegAlloc();

  // Debugifying the register allocator passes seems to provoke some
  // non-determinism that affects CodeGen and there doesn't seem to be a point
  // where it becomes safe again so stop debugifying here.
  DebugifyIsSafe = false;

  // Add a FSDiscriminator pass right before RA, so that we could get
  // more precise SampleFDO profile for RA.
  if (EnableFSDiscriminator) {
    addPass(createMIRAddFSDiscriminatorsPass(
        sampleprof::FSDiscriminatorPass::Pass1));
    const std::string ProfileFile = getFSProfileFile(TM);
    if (!ProfileFile.empty() && !DisableRAFSProfileLoader)
      addPass(
          createMIRProfileLoaderPass(ProfileFile, getFSRemappingFile(TM),
                                     sampleprof::FSDiscriminatorPass::Pass1));
  }

  // Run register allocation and passes that are tightly coupled with it,
  // including phi elimination and scheduling.
  if (getOptimizeRegAlloc())
    addOptimizedRegAlloc();
  else
    addFastRegAlloc();

  // Run post-ra passes.
  addPostRegAlloc();

  addPass(&RemoveRedundantDebugValuesID);

  addPass(&FixupStatepointCallerSavedID);

  // Insert prolog/epilog code.  Eliminate abstract frame index references...
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None) {
    addPass(&PostRAMachineSinkingID);
    addPass(&ShrinkWrapID);
  }

  // Prolog/Epilog inserter needs a TargetMachine to instantiate. But only
  // do so if it hasn't been disabled, substituted, or overridden.
  if (!isPassSubstitutedOrOverridden(&PrologEpilogCodeInserterID))
      addPass(createPrologEpilogInserterPass());

  /// Add passes that optimize machine instructions after register allocation.
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None)
    addMachineLateOptimization();

  // Expand pseudo instructions before second scheduling pass.
  addPass(&ExpandPostRAPseudosID);

  // Run pre-sched2 passes.
  addPreSched2();

  if (EnableImplicitNullChecks)
    addPass(&ImplicitNullChecksID);

  // Second pass scheduler.
  // Let Target optionally insert this pass by itself at some other
  // point.
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None &&
      !TM->targetSchedulesPostRAScheduling()) {
    if (MISchedPostRA)
      addPass(&PostMachineSchedulerID);
    else
      addPass(&PostRASchedulerID);
  }

  // GC
  if (addGCPasses()) {
    if (PrintGCInfo)
      addPass(createGCInfoPrinter(dbgs()));
  }

  // Basic block placement.
  if (getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None)
    addBlockPlacement();

  // Insert before XRay Instrumentation.
  addPass(&FEntryInserterID);

  addPass(&XRayInstrumentationID);
  addPass(&PatchableFunctionID);

  if (EnableFSDiscriminator && !FSNoFinalDiscrim)
    // Add FS discriminators here so that all the instruction duplicates
    // in different BBs get their own discriminators. With this, we can "sum"
    // the SampleFDO counters instead of using MAX. This will improve the
    // SampleFDO profile quality.
    addPass(createMIRAddFSDiscriminatorsPass(
        sampleprof::FSDiscriminatorPass::PassLast));

  addPreEmitPass();

  if (TM->Options.EnableIPRA)
    // Collect register usage information and produce a register mask of
    // clobbered registers, to be used to optimize call sites.
    addPass(createRegUsageInfoCollector());

  // FIXME: Some backends are incompatible with running the verifier after
  // addPreEmitPass.  Maybe only pass "false" here for those targets?
  addPass(&FuncletLayoutID);

  addPass(&StackMapLivenessID);
  addPass(&LiveDebugValuesID);

  if (TM->Options.EnableMachineOutliner && getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None &&
      EnableMachineOutliner != RunOutliner::NeverOutline) {
    bool RunOnAllFunctions =
        (EnableMachineOutliner == RunOutliner::AlwaysOutline);
    bool AddOutliner =
        RunOnAllFunctions || TM->Options.SupportsDefaultOutlining;
    if (AddOutliner)
      addPass(createMachineOutlinerPass(RunOnAllFunctions));
  }

  // Machine function splitter uses the basic block sections feature. Both
  // cannot be enabled at the same time. Basic block sections takes precedence.
  // FIXME: In principle, BasicBlockSection::Labels and splitting can used
  // together. Update this check once we have addressed any issues.
  if (TM->getBBSectionsType() != llvm::BasicBlockSection::None) {
    if (TM->getBBSectionsType() == llvm::BasicBlockSection::List) {
      addPass(llvm::createBasicBlockSectionsProfileReaderPass(
          TM->getBBSectionsFuncListBuf()));
    }
    addPass(llvm::createBasicBlockSectionsPass());
  } else if (TM->Options.EnableMachineFunctionSplitter ||
             EnableMachineFunctionSplitter) {
    addPass(createMachineFunctionSplitterPass());
  }

  if (!DisableCFIFixup && TM->Options.EnableCFIFixup)
    addPass(createCFIFixup());

  // Add passes that directly emit MI after all other MI passes.
  addPreEmitPass2();

  AddingMachinePasses = false;
}

/// Add passes that optimize machine instructions in SSA form.
void TargetPassConfig::addMachineSSAOptimization() {
  // Pre-ra tail duplication.
  addPass(&EarlyTailDuplicateID);

  // Optimize PHIs before DCE: removing dead PHI cycles may make more
  // instructions dead.
  addPass(&OptimizePHIsID);

  // This pass merges large allocas. StackSlotColoring is a different pass
  // which merges spill slots.
  addPass(&StackColoringID);

  // If the target requests it, assign local variables to stack slots relative
  // to one another and simplify frame index references where possible.
  addPass(&LocalStackSlotAllocationID);

  // With optimization, dead code should already be eliminated. However
  // there is one known exception: lowered code for arguments that are only
  // used by tail calls, where the tail calls reuse the incoming stack
  // arguments directly (see t11 in test/CodeGen/X86/sibcall.ll).
  addPass(&DeadMachineInstructionElimID);

  // Allow targets to insert passes that improve instruction level parallelism,
  // like if-conversion. Such passes will typically need dominator trees and
  // loop info, just like LICM and CSE below.
  addILPOpts();

  addPass(&EarlyMachineLICMID);
  addPass(&MachineCSEID);

  addPass(&MachineSinkingID);

  addPass(&PeepholeOptimizerID);
  // Clean-up the dead code that may have been generated by peephole
  // rewriting.
  addPass(&DeadMachineInstructionElimID);
}

//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Register Allocation Pass Configuration
//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//

bool TargetPassConfig::getOptimizeRegAlloc() const {
  switch (OptimizeRegAlloc) {
  case cl::BOU_UNSET: return getOptLevel() != CodeGenOpt::None;
  case cl::BOU_TRUE:  return true;
  case cl::BOU_FALSE: return false;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("Invalid optimize-regalloc state");
}

/// A dummy default pass factory indicates whether the register allocator is
/// overridden on the command line.
static llvm::once_flag InitializeDefaultRegisterAllocatorFlag;

static RegisterRegAlloc
defaultRegAlloc("default",
                "pick register allocator based on -O option",
                useDefaultRegisterAllocator);

static void initializeDefaultRegisterAllocatorOnce() {
  if (!RegisterRegAlloc::getDefault())
    RegisterRegAlloc::setDefault(RegAlloc);
}

/// Instantiate the default register allocator pass for this target for either
/// the optimized or unoptimized allocation path. This will be added to the pass
/// manager by addFastRegAlloc in the unoptimized case or addOptimizedRegAlloc
/// in the optimized case.
///
/// A target that uses the standard regalloc pass order for fast or optimized
/// allocation may still override this for per-target regalloc
/// selection. But -regalloc=... always takes precedence.
FunctionPass *TargetPassConfig::createTargetRegisterAllocator(bool Optimized) {
  if (Optimized)
    return createGreedyRegisterAllocator();
  else
    return createFastRegisterAllocator();
}

/// Find and instantiate the register allocation pass requested by this target
/// at the current optimization level.  Different register allocators are
/// defined as separate passes because they may require different analysis.
///
/// This helper ensures that the regalloc= option is always available,
/// even for targets that override the default allocator.
///
/// FIXME: When MachinePassRegistry register pass IDs instead of function ptrs,
/// this can be folded into addPass.
FunctionPass *TargetPassConfig::createRegAllocPass(bool Optimized) {
  // Initialize the global default.
  llvm::call_once(InitializeDefaultRegisterAllocatorFlag,
                  initializeDefaultRegisterAllocatorOnce);

  RegisterRegAlloc::FunctionPassCtor Ctor = RegisterRegAlloc::getDefault();
  if (Ctor != useDefaultRegisterAllocator)
    return Ctor();

  // With no -regalloc= override, ask the target for a regalloc pass.
  return createTargetRegisterAllocator(Optimized);
}

bool TargetPassConfig::isCustomizedRegAlloc() {
  return RegAlloc !=
         (RegisterRegAlloc::FunctionPassCtor)&useDefaultRegisterAllocator;
}

bool TargetPassConfig::addRegAssignAndRewriteFast() {
  if (RegAlloc != (RegisterRegAlloc::FunctionPassCtor)&useDefaultRegisterAllocator &&
      RegAlloc != (RegisterRegAlloc::FunctionPassCtor)&createFastRegisterAllocator)
    report_fatal_error("Must use fast (default) register allocator for unoptimized regalloc.");

  addPass(createRegAllocPass(false));

  // Allow targets to change the register assignments after
  // fast register allocation.
  addPostFastRegAllocRewrite();
  return true;
}

bool TargetPassConfig::addRegAssignAndRewriteOptimized() {
  // Add the selected register allocation pass.
  addPass(createRegAllocPass(true));

  // Allow targets to change the register assignments before rewriting.
  addPreRewrite();

  // Finally rewrite virtual registers.
  addPass(&VirtRegRewriterID);

  // Regalloc scoring for ML-driven eviction - noop except when learning a new
  // eviction policy.
  addPass(createRegAllocScoringPass());
  return true;
}

/// Return true if the default global register allocator is in use and
/// has not be overriden on the command line with '-regalloc=...'
bool TargetPassConfig::usingDefaultRegAlloc() const {
  return RegAlloc.getNumOccurrences() == 0;
}

/// Add the minimum set of target-independent passes that are required for
/// register allocation. No coalescing or scheduling.
void TargetPassConfig::addFastRegAlloc() {
  addPass(&PHIEliminationID);
  addPass(&TwoAddressInstructionPassID);

  addRegAssignAndRewriteFast();
}

/// Add standard target-independent passes that are tightly coupled with
/// optimized register allocation, including coalescing, machine instruction
/// scheduling, and register allocation itself.
void TargetPassConfig::addOptimizedRegAlloc() {
  addPass(&DetectDeadLanesID);

  addPass(&ProcessImplicitDefsID);

  // LiveVariables currently requires pure SSA form.
  //
  // FIXME: Once TwoAddressInstruction pass no longer uses kill flags,
  // LiveVariables can be removed completely, and LiveIntervals can be directly
  // computed. (We still either need to regenerate kill flags after regalloc, or
  // preferably fix the scavenger to not depend on them).
  // FIXME: UnreachableMachineBlockElim is a dependant pass of LiveVariables.
  // When LiveVariables is removed this has to be removed/moved either.
  // Explicit addition of UnreachableMachineBlockElim allows stopping before or
  // after it with -stop-before/-stop-after.
  addPass(&UnreachableMachineBlockElimID);
  addPass(&LiveVariablesID);

  // Edge splitting is smarter with machine loop info.
  addPass(&MachineLoopInfoID);
  addPass(&PHIEliminationID);

  // Eventually, we want to run LiveIntervals before PHI elimination.
  if (EarlyLiveIntervals)
    addPass(&LiveIntervalsID);

  addPass(&TwoAddressInstructionPassID);
  addPass(&RegisterCoalescerID);

  // The machine scheduler may accidentally create disconnected components
  // when moving subregister definitions around, avoid this by splitting them to
  // separate vregs before. Splitting can also improve reg. allocation quality.
  addPass(&RenameIndependentSubregsID);

  // PreRA instruction scheduling.
  addPass(&MachineSchedulerID);

  if (addRegAssignAndRewriteOptimized()) {
    // Perform stack slot coloring and post-ra machine LICM.
    addPass(&StackSlotColoringID);

    // Allow targets to expand pseudo instructions depending on the choice of
    // registers before MachineCopyPropagation.
    addPostRewrite();

    // Copy propagate to forward register uses and try to eliminate COPYs that
    // were not coalesced.
    addPass(&MachineCopyPropagationID);

    // Run post-ra machine LICM to hoist reloads / remats.
    //
    // FIXME: can this move into MachineLateOptimization?
    addPass(&MachineLICMID);
  }
}

//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Post RegAlloc Pass Configuration
//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Add passes that optimize machine instructions after register allocation.
void TargetPassConfig::addMachineLateOptimization() {
  // Branch folding must be run after regalloc and prolog/epilog insertion.
  addPass(&BranchFolderPassID);

  // Tail duplication.
  // Note that duplicating tail just increases code size and degrades
  // performance for targets that require Structured Control Flow.
  // In addition it can also make CFG irreducible. Thus we disable it.
  if (!TM->requiresStructuredCFG())
    addPass(&TailDuplicateID);

  // Copy propagation.
  addPass(&MachineCopyPropagationID);
}

/// Add standard GC passes.
bool TargetPassConfig::addGCPasses() {
  addPass(&GCMachineCodeAnalysisID);
  return true;
}

/// Add standard basic block placement passes.
void TargetPassConfig::addBlockPlacement() {
  if (EnableFSDiscriminator) {
    addPass(createMIRAddFSDiscriminatorsPass(
        sampleprof::FSDiscriminatorPass::Pass2));
    const std::string ProfileFile = getFSProfileFile(TM);
    if (!ProfileFile.empty() && !DisableLayoutFSProfileLoader)
      addPass(
          createMIRProfileLoaderPass(ProfileFile, getFSRemappingFile(TM),
                                     sampleprof::FSDiscriminatorPass::Pass2));
  }
  if (addPass(&MachineBlockPlacementID)) {
    // Run a separate pass to collect block placement statistics.
    if (EnableBlockPlacementStats)
      addPass(&MachineBlockPlacementStatsID);
  }
}

//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// GlobalISel Configuration
//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
bool TargetPassConfig::isGlobalISelAbortEnabled() const {
  return TM->Options.GlobalISelAbort == GlobalISelAbortMode::Enable;
}

bool TargetPassConfig::reportDiagnosticWhenGlobalISelFallback() const {
  return TM->Options.GlobalISelAbort == GlobalISelAbortMode::DisableWithDiag;
}

bool TargetPassConfig::isGISelCSEEnabled() const {
  return true;
}

std::unique_ptr<CSEConfigBase> TargetPassConfig::getCSEConfig() const {
  return std::make_unique<CSEConfigBase>();
}