xref: /freebsd/contrib/llvm-project/libcxx/include/span (revision 1db9f3b21e39176dd5b67cf8ac378633b172463e)
1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9
10#ifndef _LIBCPP_SPAN
11#define _LIBCPP_SPAN
12
13/*
14    span synopsis
15
16namespace std {
17
18// constants
19inline constexpr size_t dynamic_extent = numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
20
21// [views.span], class template span
22template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
23    class span;
24
25template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
26  inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
27
28template<class ElementType, size_t Extent>
29    inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<ElementType, Extent>> = true;
30
31// [span.objectrep], views of object representation
32template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
33    span<const byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
34        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
35
36template <class ElementType, size_t Extent>
37    span<      byte, ((Extent == dynamic_extent) ? dynamic_extent :
38        (sizeof(ElementType) * Extent))> as_writable_bytes(span<ElementType, Extent> s) noexcept;
39
40
41template <class ElementType, size_t Extent = dynamic_extent>
42class span {
43public:
44    // constants and types
45    using element_type = ElementType;
46    using value_type = remove_cv_t<ElementType>;
47    using size_type = size_t;
48    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
49    using pointer = element_type*;
50    using const_pointer = const element_type*;
51    using reference = element_type&;
52    using const_reference = const element_type&;
53    using iterator = implementation-defined;
54    using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
55    static constexpr size_type extent = Extent;
56
57    // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
58    constexpr span() noexcept;
59    template <class It>
60    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, size_type count);
61    template <class It, class End>
62    constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(It first, End last);
63    template <size_t N>
64        constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&arr)[N]) noexcept;
65    template <size_t N>
66        constexpr span(array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
67    template <size_t N>
68        constexpr span(const array<value_type, N>& arr) noexcept;
69    template<class R>
70      constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(R&& r);
71    constexpr span(const span& other) noexcept = default;
72    template <class OtherElementType, size_t OtherExtent>
73        constexpr explicit(Extent != dynamic_extent) span(const span<OtherElementType, OtherExtent>& s) noexcept;
74    constexpr span& operator=(const span& other) noexcept = default;
75
76    // [span.sub], span subviews
77    template <size_t Count>
78        constexpr span<element_type, Count> first() const;
79    template <size_t Count>
80        constexpr span<element_type, Count> last() const;
81    template <size_t Offset, size_t Count = dynamic_extent>
82        constexpr span<element_type, see below> subspan() const;
83
84    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type count) const;
85    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type count) const;
86    constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> subspan(size_type offset, size_type count = dynamic_extent) const;
87
88    // [span.obs], span observers
89    constexpr size_type size() const noexcept;
90    constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept;
91    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept;
92
93    // [span.elem], span element access
94    constexpr reference operator[](size_type idx) const;
95    constexpr reference at(size_type idx) const; // since C++26
96    constexpr reference front() const;
97    constexpr reference back() const;
98    constexpr pointer data() const noexcept;
99
100    // [span.iterators], span iterator support
101    constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept;
102    constexpr iterator end() const noexcept;
103    constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
104    constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
105
106private:
107    pointer data_;    // exposition only
108    size_type size_;  // exposition only
109};
110
111template<class It, class EndOrSize>
112    span(It, EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
113
114template<class T, size_t N>
115    span(T (&)[N]) -> span<T, N>;
116
117template<class T, size_t N>
118    span(array<T, N>&) -> span<T, N>;
119
120template<class T, size_t N>
121    span(const array<T, N>&) -> span<const T, N>;
122
123template<class R>
124    span(R&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<R>>>;
125
126} // namespace std
127
128*/
129
130#include <__assert> // all public C++ headers provide the assertion handler
131#include <__config>
132#include <__fwd/span.h>
133#include <__iterator/bounded_iter.h>
134#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
135#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
136#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
137#include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
138#include <__ranges/concepts.h>
139#include <__ranges/data.h>
140#include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
141#include <__ranges/enable_view.h>
142#include <__ranges/size.h>
143#include <__type_traits/is_convertible.h>
144#include <__type_traits/remove_cvref.h>
145#include <__type_traits/remove_reference.h>
146#include <__type_traits/type_identity.h>
147#include <__utility/forward.h>
148#include <array>   // for array
149#include <cstddef> // for byte
150#include <stdexcept>
151#include <version>
152
153// standard-mandated includes
154
155// [iterator.range]
156#include <__iterator/access.h>
157#include <__iterator/data.h>
158#include <__iterator/empty.h>
159#include <__iterator/reverse_access.h>
160#include <__iterator/size.h>
161
162#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
163#  pragma GCC system_header
164#endif
165
166_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
167#include <__undef_macros>
168
169_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
170
171#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
172
173template <class _Tp>
174struct __is_std_array : false_type {};
175
176template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
177struct __is_std_array<array<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
178
179template <class _Tp>
180struct __is_std_span : false_type {};
181
182template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
183struct __is_std_span<span<_Tp, _Sz>> : true_type {};
184
185template <class _Range, class _ElementType>
186concept __span_compatible_range =
187    ranges::contiguous_range<_Range> &&                            //
188    ranges::sized_range<_Range> &&                                 //
189    (ranges::borrowed_range<_Range> || is_const_v<_ElementType>)&& //
190    !__is_std_span<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&               //
191    !__is_std_array<remove_cvref_t<_Range>>::value &&              //
192    !is_array_v<remove_cvref_t<_Range>> &&                         //
193    is_convertible_v<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>> (*)[], _ElementType (*)[]>;
194
195template <class _From, class _To>
196concept __span_array_convertible = is_convertible_v<_From (*)[], _To (*)[]>;
197
198template <class _It, class _Tp>
199concept __span_compatible_iterator =
200    contiguous_iterator<_It> && __span_array_convertible<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>, _Tp>;
201
202template <class _Sentinel, class _It>
203concept __span_compatible_sentinel_for = sized_sentinel_for<_Sentinel, _It> && !is_convertible_v<_Sentinel, size_t>;
204
205template <typename _Tp, size_t _Extent>
206class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span {
207public:
208  //  constants and types
209  using element_type    = _Tp;
210  using value_type      = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
211  using size_type       = size_t;
212  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
213  using pointer         = _Tp*;
214  using const_pointer   = const _Tp*;
215  using reference       = _Tp&;
216  using const_reference = const _Tp&;
217#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
218  using iterator = __bounded_iter<pointer>;
219#  else
220  using iterator = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
221#  endif
222  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
223
224  static constexpr size_type extent = _Extent;
225
226  // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
227  template <size_t _Sz = _Extent>
228    requires(_Sz == 0)
229  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span() noexcept : __data_{nullptr} {}
230
231  constexpr span(const span&) noexcept            = default;
232  constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
233
234  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
235  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_It __first, size_type __count) : __data_{std::to_address(__first)} {
236    (void)__count;
237    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Extent == __count, "size mismatch in span's constructor (iterator, len)");
238  }
239
240  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
241  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_It __first, _End __last) : __data_{std::to_address(__first)} {
242    // [span.cons]/10
243    // Throws: When and what last - first throws.
244    [[maybe_unused]] auto __dist = __last - __first;
245    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(__dist >= 0, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
246    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
247        __dist == _Extent, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel): last - first != extent");
248  }
249
250  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Extent]) noexcept : __data_{__arr} {}
251
252  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
253  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept : __data_{__arr.data()} {}
254
255  template <class _OtherElementType>
256    requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
257  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __arr) noexcept
258      : __data_{__arr.data()} {}
259
260  template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
261  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(_Range&& __r) : __data_{ranges::data(__r)} {
262    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(ranges::size(__r) == _Extent, "size mismatch in span's constructor (range)");
263  }
264
265  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
266  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _Extent>& __other) : __data_{__other.data()} {}
267
268  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType>
269  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit span(const span<_OtherElementType, dynamic_extent>& __other) noexcept
270      : __data_{__other.data()} {
271    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Extent == __other.size(), "size mismatch in span's constructor (other span)");
272  }
273
274  template <size_t _Count>
275  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept {
276    static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::first<Count>(): Count out of range");
277    return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
278  }
279
280  template <size_t _Count>
281  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept {
282    static_assert(_Count <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::last<Count>(): Count out of range");
283    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
284  }
285
286  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept {
287    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T, N>::first(count): count out of range");
288    return {data(), __count};
289  }
290
291  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept {
292    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T, N>::last(count): count out of range");
293    return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
294  }
295
296  template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
297  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto subspan() const noexcept
298      -> span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset> {
299    static_assert(_Offset <= _Extent, "span<T, N>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset out of range");
300    static_assert(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= _Extent - _Offset,
301                  "span<T, N>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset + Count out of range");
302
303    using _ReturnType = span<element_type, _Count != dynamic_extent ? _Count : _Extent - _Offset>;
304    return _ReturnType{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
305  }
306
307  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent>
308  subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
309    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__offset <= size(), "span<T, N>::subspan(offset, count): offset out of range");
310    if (__count == dynamic_extent)
311      return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
312    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
313        __count <= size() - __offset, "span<T, N>::subspan(offset, count): offset + count out of range");
314    return {data() + __offset, __count};
315  }
316
317  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return _Extent; }
318  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return _Extent * sizeof(element_type); }
319  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return _Extent == 0; }
320
321  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept {
322    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__idx < size(), "span<T, N>::operator[](index): index out of range");
323    return __data_[__idx];
324  }
325
326#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
327  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference at(size_type __index) const {
328    if (__index >= size())
329      std::__throw_out_of_range("span");
330    return __data_[__index];
331  }
332#  endif
333
334  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
335    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T, N>::front() on empty span");
336    return __data_[0];
337  }
338
339  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
340    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T, N>::back() on empty span");
341    return __data_[size() - 1];
342  }
343
344  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return __data_; }
345
346  // [span.iter], span iterator support
347  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
348#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
349    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data(), data(), data() + size());
350#  else
351    return iterator(data());
352#  endif
353  }
354  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
355#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
356    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data() + size(), data(), data() + size());
357#  else
358    return iterator(data() + size());
359#  endif
360  }
361  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
362  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
363
364  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_bytes() const noexcept {
365    return span<const byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
366  }
367
368  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept {
369    return span<byte, _Extent * sizeof(element_type)>{reinterpret_cast<byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
370  }
371
372private:
373  pointer __data_;
374};
375
376template <typename _Tp>
377class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS span<_Tp, dynamic_extent> {
378public:
379  //  constants and types
380  using element_type    = _Tp;
381  using value_type      = remove_cv_t<_Tp>;
382  using size_type       = size_t;
383  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
384  using pointer         = _Tp*;
385  using const_pointer   = const _Tp*;
386  using reference       = _Tp&;
387  using const_reference = const _Tp&;
388#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
389  using iterator = __bounded_iter<pointer>;
390#  else
391  using iterator = __wrap_iter<pointer>;
392#  endif
393  using reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<iterator>;
394
395  static constexpr size_type extent = dynamic_extent;
396
397  // [span.cons], span constructors, copy, assignment, and destructor
398  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span() noexcept : __data_{nullptr}, __size_{0} {}
399
400  constexpr span(const span&) noexcept            = default;
401  constexpr span& operator=(const span&) noexcept = default;
402
403  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It>
404  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_It __first, size_type __count)
405      : __data_{std::to_address(__first)}, __size_{__count} {}
406
407  template <__span_compatible_iterator<element_type> _It, __span_compatible_sentinel_for<_It> _End>
408  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_It __first, _End __last)
409      : __data_(std::to_address(__first)), __size_(__last - __first) {
410    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_INPUT_RANGE(__last - __first >= 0, "invalid range in span's constructor (iterator, sentinel)");
411  }
412
413  template <size_t _Sz>
414  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(type_identity_t<element_type> (&__arr)[_Sz]) noexcept
415      : __data_{__arr}, __size_{_Sz} {}
416
417  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
418  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept
419      : __data_{__arr.data()}, __size_{_Sz} {}
420
421  template <class _OtherElementType, size_t _Sz>
422    requires __span_array_convertible<const _OtherElementType, element_type>
423  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const array<_OtherElementType, _Sz>& __arr) noexcept
424      : __data_{__arr.data()}, __size_{_Sz} {}
425
426  template <__span_compatible_range<element_type> _Range>
427  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(_Range&& __r) : __data_(ranges::data(__r)), __size_{ranges::size(__r)} {}
428
429  template <__span_array_convertible<element_type> _OtherElementType, size_t _OtherExtent>
430  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span(const span<_OtherElementType, _OtherExtent>& __other) noexcept
431      : __data_{__other.data()}, __size_{__other.size()} {}
432
433  template <size_t _Count>
434  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> first() const noexcept {
435    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count <= size(), "span<T>::first<Count>(): Count out of range");
436    return span<element_type, _Count>{data(), _Count};
437  }
438
439  template <size_t _Count>
440  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> last() const noexcept {
441    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count <= size(), "span<T>::last<Count>(): Count out of range");
442    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + size() - _Count, _Count};
443  }
444
445  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> first(size_type __count) const noexcept {
446    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T>::first(count): count out of range");
447    return {data(), __count};
448  }
449
450  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> last(size_type __count) const noexcept {
451    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__count <= size(), "span<T>::last(count): count out of range");
452    return {data() + size() - __count, __count};
453  }
454
455  template <size_t _Offset, size_t _Count = dynamic_extent>
456  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr span<element_type, _Count> subspan() const noexcept {
457    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Offset <= size(), "span<T>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset out of range");
458    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(_Count == dynamic_extent || _Count <= size() - _Offset,
459                                        "span<T>::subspan<Offset, Count>(): Offset + Count out of range");
460    return span<element_type, _Count>{data() + _Offset, _Count == dynamic_extent ? size() - _Offset : _Count};
461  }
462
463  constexpr span<element_type, dynamic_extent> _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI
464  subspan(size_type __offset, size_type __count = dynamic_extent) const noexcept {
465    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__offset <= size(), "span<T>::subspan(offset, count): offset out of range");
466    if (__count == dynamic_extent)
467      return {data() + __offset, size() - __offset};
468    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
469        __count <= size() - __offset, "span<T>::subspan(offset, count): offset + count out of range");
470    return {data() + __offset, __count};
471  }
472
473  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return __size_; }
474  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr size_type size_bytes() const noexcept { return __size_ * sizeof(element_type); }
475  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return __size_ == 0; }
476
477  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference operator[](size_type __idx) const noexcept {
478    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(__idx < size(), "span<T>::operator[](index): index out of range");
479    return __data_[__idx];
480  }
481
482#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
483  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference at(size_type __index) const {
484    if (__index >= size())
485      std::__throw_out_of_range("span");
486    return __data_[__index];
487  }
488#  endif
489
490  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference front() const noexcept {
491    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T>::front() on empty span");
492    return __data_[0];
493  }
494
495  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reference back() const noexcept {
496    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(!empty(), "span<T>::back() on empty span");
497    return __data_[size() - 1];
498  }
499
500  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr pointer data() const noexcept { return __data_; }
501
502  // [span.iter], span iterator support
503  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator begin() const noexcept {
504#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
505    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data(), data(), data() + size());
506#  else
507    return iterator(data());
508#  endif
509  }
510  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr iterator end() const noexcept {
511#  ifdef _LIBCPP_ABI_BOUNDED_ITERATORS
512    return std::__make_bounded_iter(data() + size(), data(), data() + size());
513#  else
514    return iterator(data() + size());
515#  endif
516  }
517  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
518  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
519
520  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<const byte, dynamic_extent> __as_bytes() const noexcept {
521    return {reinterpret_cast<const byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
522  }
523
524  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI span<byte, dynamic_extent> __as_writable_bytes() const noexcept {
525    return {reinterpret_cast<byte*>(data()), size_bytes()};
526  }
527
528private:
529  pointer __data_;
530  size_type __size_;
531};
532
533template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
534inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<span<_Tp, _Extent> > = true;
535
536template <class _ElementType, size_t _Extent>
537inline constexpr bool ranges::enable_view<span<_ElementType, _Extent>> = true;
538
539//  as_bytes & as_writable_bytes
540template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
541_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto as_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept {
542  return __s.__as_bytes();
543}
544
545template <class _Tp, size_t _Extent>
546  requires(!is_const_v<_Tp>)
547_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto as_writable_bytes(span<_Tp, _Extent> __s) noexcept {
548  return __s.__as_writable_bytes();
549}
550
551#  if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
552template <contiguous_iterator _It, class _EndOrSize>
553span(_It, _EndOrSize) -> span<remove_reference_t<iter_reference_t<_It>>>;
554#  endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
555
556template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
557span(_Tp (&)[_Sz]) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
558
559template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
560span(array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<_Tp, _Sz>;
561
562template <class _Tp, size_t _Sz>
563span(const array<_Tp, _Sz>&) -> span<const _Tp, _Sz>;
564
565template <ranges::contiguous_range _Range>
566span(_Range&&) -> span<remove_reference_t<ranges::range_reference_t<_Range>>>;
567
568#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
569
570_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
571
572_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
573
574#if !defined(_LIBCPP_REMOVE_TRANSITIVE_INCLUDES) && _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 20
575#  include <concepts>
576#  include <functional>
577#  include <iterator>
578#  include <type_traits>
579#endif
580
581#endif // _LIBCPP_SPAN
582