xref: /freebsd/contrib/llvm-project/clang/lib/AST/DeclPrinter.cpp (revision 77013d11e6483b970af25e13c9b892075742f7e5) 
1 //===--- DeclPrinter.cpp - Printing implementation for Decl ASTs ----------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This file implements the Decl::print method, which pretty prints the
10 // AST back out to C/Objective-C/C++/Objective-C++ code.
11 //
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 #include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
14 #include "clang/AST/Attr.h"
15 #include "clang/AST/Decl.h"
16 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
17 #include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
18 #include "clang/AST/DeclTemplate.h"
19 #include "clang/AST/DeclVisitor.h"
20 #include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
21 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
22 #include "clang/AST/PrettyPrinter.h"
23 #include "clang/Basic/Module.h"
24 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
25 using namespace clang;
26 
27 namespace {
28   class DeclPrinter : public DeclVisitor<DeclPrinter> {
29     raw_ostream &Out;
30     PrintingPolicy Policy;
31     const ASTContext &Context;
32     unsigned Indentation;
33     bool PrintInstantiation;
34 
35     raw_ostream& Indent() { return Indent(Indentation); }
36     raw_ostream& Indent(unsigned Indentation);
37     void ProcessDeclGroup(SmallVectorImpl<Decl*>& Decls);
38 
39     void Print(AccessSpecifier AS);
40     void PrintConstructorInitializers(CXXConstructorDecl *CDecl,
41                                       std::string &Proto);
42 
43     /// Print an Objective-C method type in parentheses.
44     ///
45     /// \param Quals The Objective-C declaration qualifiers.
46     /// \param T The type to print.
47     void PrintObjCMethodType(ASTContext &Ctx, Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier Quals,
48                              QualType T);
49 
50     void PrintObjCTypeParams(ObjCTypeParamList *Params);
51 
52   public:
53     DeclPrinter(raw_ostream &Out, const PrintingPolicy &Policy,
54                 const ASTContext &Context, unsigned Indentation = 0,
55                 bool PrintInstantiation = false)
56         : Out(Out), Policy(Policy), Context(Context), Indentation(Indentation),
57           PrintInstantiation(PrintInstantiation) {}
58 
59     void VisitDeclContext(DeclContext *DC, bool Indent = true);
60 
61     void VisitTranslationUnitDecl(TranslationUnitDecl *D);
62     void VisitTypedefDecl(TypedefDecl *D);
63     void VisitTypeAliasDecl(TypeAliasDecl *D);
64     void VisitEnumDecl(EnumDecl *D);
65     void VisitRecordDecl(RecordDecl *D);
66     void VisitEnumConstantDecl(EnumConstantDecl *D);
67     void VisitEmptyDecl(EmptyDecl *D);
68     void VisitFunctionDecl(FunctionDecl *D);
69     void VisitFriendDecl(FriendDecl *D);
70     void VisitFieldDecl(FieldDecl *D);
71     void VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *D);
72     void VisitLabelDecl(LabelDecl *D);
73     void VisitParmVarDecl(ParmVarDecl *D);
74     void VisitFileScopeAsmDecl(FileScopeAsmDecl *D);
75     void VisitImportDecl(ImportDecl *D);
76     void VisitStaticAssertDecl(StaticAssertDecl *D);
77     void VisitNamespaceDecl(NamespaceDecl *D);
78     void VisitUsingDirectiveDecl(UsingDirectiveDecl *D);
79     void VisitNamespaceAliasDecl(NamespaceAliasDecl *D);
80     void VisitCXXRecordDecl(CXXRecordDecl *D);
81     void VisitLinkageSpecDecl(LinkageSpecDecl *D);
82     void VisitTemplateDecl(const TemplateDecl *D);
83     void VisitFunctionTemplateDecl(FunctionTemplateDecl *D);
84     void VisitClassTemplateDecl(ClassTemplateDecl *D);
85     void VisitClassTemplateSpecializationDecl(
86                                             ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl *D);
87     void VisitClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl(
88                                      ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *D);
89     void VisitObjCMethodDecl(ObjCMethodDecl *D);
90     void VisitObjCImplementationDecl(ObjCImplementationDecl *D);
91     void VisitObjCInterfaceDecl(ObjCInterfaceDecl *D);
92     void VisitObjCProtocolDecl(ObjCProtocolDecl *D);
93     void VisitObjCCategoryImplDecl(ObjCCategoryImplDecl *D);
94     void VisitObjCCategoryDecl(ObjCCategoryDecl *D);
95     void VisitObjCCompatibleAliasDecl(ObjCCompatibleAliasDecl *D);
96     void VisitObjCPropertyDecl(ObjCPropertyDecl *D);
97     void VisitObjCPropertyImplDecl(ObjCPropertyImplDecl *D);
98     void VisitUnresolvedUsingTypenameDecl(UnresolvedUsingTypenameDecl *D);
99     void VisitUnresolvedUsingValueDecl(UnresolvedUsingValueDecl *D);
100     void VisitUsingDecl(UsingDecl *D);
101     void VisitUsingShadowDecl(UsingShadowDecl *D);
102     void VisitOMPThreadPrivateDecl(OMPThreadPrivateDecl *D);
103     void VisitOMPAllocateDecl(OMPAllocateDecl *D);
104     void VisitOMPRequiresDecl(OMPRequiresDecl *D);
105     void VisitOMPDeclareReductionDecl(OMPDeclareReductionDecl *D);
106     void VisitOMPDeclareMapperDecl(OMPDeclareMapperDecl *D);
107     void VisitOMPCapturedExprDecl(OMPCapturedExprDecl *D);
108     void VisitTemplateTypeParmDecl(const TemplateTypeParmDecl *TTP);
109     void VisitNonTypeTemplateParmDecl(const NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *NTTP);
110 
111     void printTemplateParameters(const TemplateParameterList *Params,
112                                  bool OmitTemplateKW = false);
113     void printTemplateArguments(llvm::ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> Args);
114     void printTemplateArguments(llvm::ArrayRef<TemplateArgumentLoc> Args);
115     void prettyPrintAttributes(Decl *D);
116     void prettyPrintPragmas(Decl *D);
117     void printDeclType(QualType T, StringRef DeclName, bool Pack = false);
118   };
119 }
120 
121 void Decl::print(raw_ostream &Out, unsigned Indentation,
122                  bool PrintInstantiation) const {
123   print(Out, getASTContext().getPrintingPolicy(), Indentation, PrintInstantiation);
124 }
125 
126 void Decl::print(raw_ostream &Out, const PrintingPolicy &Policy,
127                  unsigned Indentation, bool PrintInstantiation) const {
128   DeclPrinter Printer(Out, Policy, getASTContext(), Indentation,
129                       PrintInstantiation);
130   Printer.Visit(const_cast<Decl*>(this));
131 }
132 
133 void TemplateParameterList::print(raw_ostream &Out, const ASTContext &Context,
134                                   bool OmitTemplateKW) const {
135   print(Out, Context, Context.getPrintingPolicy(), OmitTemplateKW);
136 }
137 
138 void TemplateParameterList::print(raw_ostream &Out, const ASTContext &Context,
139                                   const PrintingPolicy &Policy,
140                                   bool OmitTemplateKW) const {
141   DeclPrinter Printer(Out, Policy, Context);
142   Printer.printTemplateParameters(this, OmitTemplateKW);
143 }
144 
145 static QualType GetBaseType(QualType T) {
146   // FIXME: This should be on the Type class!
147   QualType BaseType = T;
148   while (!BaseType->isSpecifierType()) {
149     if (const PointerType *PTy = BaseType->getAs<PointerType>())
150       BaseType = PTy->getPointeeType();
151     else if (const BlockPointerType *BPy = BaseType->getAs<BlockPointerType>())
152       BaseType = BPy->getPointeeType();
153     else if (const ArrayType* ATy = dyn_cast<ArrayType>(BaseType))
154       BaseType = ATy->getElementType();
155     else if (const FunctionType* FTy = BaseType->getAs<FunctionType>())
156       BaseType = FTy->getReturnType();
157     else if (const VectorType *VTy = BaseType->getAs<VectorType>())
158       BaseType = VTy->getElementType();
159     else if (const ReferenceType *RTy = BaseType->getAs<ReferenceType>())
160       BaseType = RTy->getPointeeType();
161     else if (const AutoType *ATy = BaseType->getAs<AutoType>())
162       BaseType = ATy->getDeducedType();
163     else if (const ParenType *PTy = BaseType->getAs<ParenType>())
164       BaseType = PTy->desugar();
165     else
166       // This must be a syntax error.
167       break;
168   }
169   return BaseType;
170 }
171 
172 static QualType getDeclType(Decl* D) {
173   if (TypedefNameDecl* TDD = dyn_cast<TypedefNameDecl>(D))
174     return TDD->getUnderlyingType();
175   if (ValueDecl* VD = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(D))
176     return VD->getType();
177   return QualType();
178 }
179 
180 void Decl::printGroup(Decl** Begin, unsigned NumDecls,
181                       raw_ostream &Out, const PrintingPolicy &Policy,
182                       unsigned Indentation) {
183   if (NumDecls == 1) {
184     (*Begin)->print(Out, Policy, Indentation);
185     return;
186   }
187 
188   Decl** End = Begin + NumDecls;
189   TagDecl* TD = dyn_cast<TagDecl>(*Begin);
190   if (TD)
191     ++Begin;
192 
193   PrintingPolicy SubPolicy(Policy);
194 
195   bool isFirst = true;
196   for ( ; Begin != End; ++Begin) {
197     if (isFirst) {
198       if(TD)
199         SubPolicy.IncludeTagDefinition = true;
200       SubPolicy.SuppressSpecifiers = false;
201       isFirst = false;
202     } else {
203       if (!isFirst) Out << ", ";
204       SubPolicy.IncludeTagDefinition = false;
205       SubPolicy.SuppressSpecifiers = true;
206     }
207 
208     (*Begin)->print(Out, SubPolicy, Indentation);
209   }
210 }
211 
212 LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void DeclContext::dumpDeclContext() const {
213   // Get the translation unit
214   const DeclContext *DC = this;
215   while (!DC->isTranslationUnit())
216     DC = DC->getParent();
217 
218   ASTContext &Ctx = cast<TranslationUnitDecl>(DC)->getASTContext();
219   DeclPrinter Printer(llvm::errs(), Ctx.getPrintingPolicy(), Ctx, 0);
220   Printer.VisitDeclContext(const_cast<DeclContext *>(this), /*Indent=*/false);
221 }
222 
223 raw_ostream& DeclPrinter::Indent(unsigned Indentation) {
224   for (unsigned i = 0; i != Indentation; ++i)
225     Out << "  ";
226   return Out;
227 }
228 
229 void DeclPrinter::prettyPrintAttributes(Decl *D) {
230   if (Policy.PolishForDeclaration)
231     return;
232 
233   if (D->hasAttrs()) {
234     AttrVec &Attrs = D->getAttrs();
235     for (auto *A : Attrs) {
236       if (A->isInherited() || A->isImplicit())
237         continue;
238       switch (A->getKind()) {
239 #define ATTR(X)
240 #define PRAGMA_SPELLING_ATTR(X) case attr::X:
241 #include "clang/Basic/AttrList.inc"
242         break;
243       default:
244         A->printPretty(Out, Policy);
245         break;
246       }
247     }
248   }
249 }
250 
251 void DeclPrinter::prettyPrintPragmas(Decl *D) {
252   if (Policy.PolishForDeclaration)
253     return;
254 
255   if (D->hasAttrs()) {
256     AttrVec &Attrs = D->getAttrs();
257     for (auto *A : Attrs) {
258       switch (A->getKind()) {
259 #define ATTR(X)
260 #define PRAGMA_SPELLING_ATTR(X) case attr::X:
261 #include "clang/Basic/AttrList.inc"
262         A->printPretty(Out, Policy);
263         Indent();
264         break;
265       default:
266         break;
267       }
268     }
269   }
270 }
271 
272 void DeclPrinter::printDeclType(QualType T, StringRef DeclName, bool Pack) {
273   // Normally, a PackExpansionType is written as T[3]... (for instance, as a
274   // template argument), but if it is the type of a declaration, the ellipsis
275   // is placed before the name being declared.
276   if (auto *PET = T->getAs<PackExpansionType>()) {
277     Pack = true;
278     T = PET->getPattern();
279   }
280   T.print(Out, Policy, (Pack ? "..." : "") + DeclName, Indentation);
281 }
282 
283 void DeclPrinter::ProcessDeclGroup(SmallVectorImpl<Decl*>& Decls) {
284   this->Indent();
285   Decl::printGroup(Decls.data(), Decls.size(), Out, Policy, Indentation);
286   Out << ";\n";
287   Decls.clear();
288 
289 }
290 
291 void DeclPrinter::Print(AccessSpecifier AS) {
292   const auto AccessSpelling = getAccessSpelling(AS);
293   if (AccessSpelling.empty())
294     llvm_unreachable("No access specifier!");
295   Out << AccessSpelling;
296 }
297 
298 void DeclPrinter::PrintConstructorInitializers(CXXConstructorDecl *CDecl,
299                                                std::string &Proto) {
300   bool HasInitializerList = false;
301   for (const auto *BMInitializer : CDecl->inits()) {
302     if (BMInitializer->isInClassMemberInitializer())
303       continue;
304 
305     if (!HasInitializerList) {
306       Proto += " : ";
307       Out << Proto;
308       Proto.clear();
309       HasInitializerList = true;
310     } else
311       Out << ", ";
312 
313     if (BMInitializer->isAnyMemberInitializer()) {
314       FieldDecl *FD = BMInitializer->getAnyMember();
315       Out << *FD;
316     } else {
317       Out << QualType(BMInitializer->getBaseClass(), 0).getAsString(Policy);
318     }
319 
320     Out << "(";
321     if (!BMInitializer->getInit()) {
322       // Nothing to print
323     } else {
324       Expr *Init = BMInitializer->getInit();
325       if (ExprWithCleanups *Tmp = dyn_cast<ExprWithCleanups>(Init))
326         Init = Tmp->getSubExpr();
327 
328       Init = Init->IgnoreParens();
329 
330       Expr *SimpleInit = nullptr;
331       Expr **Args = nullptr;
332       unsigned NumArgs = 0;
333       if (ParenListExpr *ParenList = dyn_cast<ParenListExpr>(Init)) {
334         Args = ParenList->getExprs();
335         NumArgs = ParenList->getNumExprs();
336       } else if (CXXConstructExpr *Construct =
337                      dyn_cast<CXXConstructExpr>(Init)) {
338         Args = Construct->getArgs();
339         NumArgs = Construct->getNumArgs();
340       } else
341         SimpleInit = Init;
342 
343       if (SimpleInit)
344         SimpleInit->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
345       else {
346         for (unsigned I = 0; I != NumArgs; ++I) {
347           assert(Args[I] != nullptr && "Expected non-null Expr");
348           if (isa<CXXDefaultArgExpr>(Args[I]))
349             break;
350 
351           if (I)
352             Out << ", ";
353           Args[I]->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
354         }
355       }
356     }
357     Out << ")";
358     if (BMInitializer->isPackExpansion())
359       Out << "...";
360   }
361 }
362 
363 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
364 // Common C declarations
365 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
366 
367 void DeclPrinter::VisitDeclContext(DeclContext *DC, bool Indent) {
368   if (Policy.TerseOutput)
369     return;
370 
371   if (Indent)
372     Indentation += Policy.Indentation;
373 
374   SmallVector<Decl*, 2> Decls;
375   for (DeclContext::decl_iterator D = DC->decls_begin(), DEnd = DC->decls_end();
376        D != DEnd; ++D) {
377 
378     // Don't print ObjCIvarDecls, as they are printed when visiting the
379     // containing ObjCInterfaceDecl.
380     if (isa<ObjCIvarDecl>(*D))
381       continue;
382 
383     // Skip over implicit declarations in pretty-printing mode.
384     if (D->isImplicit())
385       continue;
386 
387     // Don't print implicit specializations, as they are printed when visiting
388     // corresponding templates.
389     if (auto FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(*D))
390       if (FD->getTemplateSpecializationKind() == TSK_ImplicitInstantiation &&
391           !isa<ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl>(DC))
392         continue;
393 
394     // The next bits of code handle stuff like "struct {int x;} a,b"; we're
395     // forced to merge the declarations because there's no other way to
396     // refer to the struct in question.  When that struct is named instead, we
397     // also need to merge to avoid splitting off a stand-alone struct
398     // declaration that produces the warning ext_no_declarators in some
399     // contexts.
400     //
401     // This limited merging is safe without a bunch of other checks because it
402     // only merges declarations directly referring to the tag, not typedefs.
403     //
404     // Check whether the current declaration should be grouped with a previous
405     // non-free-standing tag declaration.
406     QualType CurDeclType = getDeclType(*D);
407     if (!Decls.empty() && !CurDeclType.isNull()) {
408       QualType BaseType = GetBaseType(CurDeclType);
409       if (!BaseType.isNull() && isa<ElaboratedType>(BaseType) &&
410           cast<ElaboratedType>(BaseType)->getOwnedTagDecl() == Decls[0]) {
411         Decls.push_back(*D);
412         continue;
413       }
414     }
415 
416     // If we have a merged group waiting to be handled, handle it now.
417     if (!Decls.empty())
418       ProcessDeclGroup(Decls);
419 
420     // If the current declaration is not a free standing declaration, save it
421     // so we can merge it with the subsequent declaration(s) using it.
422     if (isa<TagDecl>(*D) && !cast<TagDecl>(*D)->isFreeStanding()) {
423       Decls.push_back(*D);
424       continue;
425     }
426 
427     if (isa<AccessSpecDecl>(*D)) {
428       Indentation -= Policy.Indentation;
429       this->Indent();
430       Print(D->getAccess());
431       Out << ":\n";
432       Indentation += Policy.Indentation;
433       continue;
434     }
435 
436     this->Indent();
437     Visit(*D);
438 
439     // FIXME: Need to be able to tell the DeclPrinter when
440     const char *Terminator = nullptr;
441     if (isa<OMPThreadPrivateDecl>(*D) || isa<OMPDeclareReductionDecl>(*D) ||
442         isa<OMPDeclareMapperDecl>(*D) || isa<OMPRequiresDecl>(*D) ||
443         isa<OMPAllocateDecl>(*D))
444       Terminator = nullptr;
445     else if (isa<ObjCMethodDecl>(*D) && cast<ObjCMethodDecl>(*D)->hasBody())
446       Terminator = nullptr;
447     else if (auto FD = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(*D)) {
448       if (FD->isThisDeclarationADefinition())
449         Terminator = nullptr;
450       else
451         Terminator = ";";
452     } else if (auto TD = dyn_cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>(*D)) {
453       if (TD->getTemplatedDecl()->isThisDeclarationADefinition())
454         Terminator = nullptr;
455       else
456         Terminator = ";";
457     } else if (isa<NamespaceDecl>(*D) || isa<LinkageSpecDecl>(*D) ||
458              isa<ObjCImplementationDecl>(*D) ||
459              isa<ObjCInterfaceDecl>(*D) ||
460              isa<ObjCProtocolDecl>(*D) ||
461              isa<ObjCCategoryImplDecl>(*D) ||
462              isa<ObjCCategoryDecl>(*D))
463       Terminator = nullptr;
464     else if (isa<EnumConstantDecl>(*D)) {
465       DeclContext::decl_iterator Next = D;
466       ++Next;
467       if (Next != DEnd)
468         Terminator = ",";
469     } else
470       Terminator = ";";
471 
472     if (Terminator)
473       Out << Terminator;
474     if (!Policy.TerseOutput &&
475         ((isa<FunctionDecl>(*D) &&
476           cast<FunctionDecl>(*D)->doesThisDeclarationHaveABody()) ||
477          (isa<FunctionTemplateDecl>(*D) &&
478           cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>(*D)->getTemplatedDecl()->doesThisDeclarationHaveABody())))
479       ; // StmtPrinter already added '\n' after CompoundStmt.
480     else
481       Out << "\n";
482 
483     // Declare target attribute is special one, natural spelling for the pragma
484     // assumes "ending" construct so print it here.
485     if (D->hasAttr<OMPDeclareTargetDeclAttr>())
486       Out << "#pragma omp end declare target\n";
487   }
488 
489   if (!Decls.empty())
490     ProcessDeclGroup(Decls);
491 
492   if (Indent)
493     Indentation -= Policy.Indentation;
494 }
495 
496 void DeclPrinter::VisitTranslationUnitDecl(TranslationUnitDecl *D) {
497   VisitDeclContext(D, false);
498 }
499 
500 void DeclPrinter::VisitTypedefDecl(TypedefDecl *D) {
501   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers) {
502     Out << "typedef ";
503 
504     if (D->isModulePrivate())
505       Out << "__module_private__ ";
506   }
507   QualType Ty = D->getTypeSourceInfo()->getType();
508   Ty.print(Out, Policy, D->getName(), Indentation);
509   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
510 }
511 
512 void DeclPrinter::VisitTypeAliasDecl(TypeAliasDecl *D) {
513   Out << "using " << *D;
514   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
515   Out << " = " << D->getTypeSourceInfo()->getType().getAsString(Policy);
516 }
517 
518 void DeclPrinter::VisitEnumDecl(EnumDecl *D) {
519   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers && D->isModulePrivate())
520     Out << "__module_private__ ";
521   Out << "enum";
522   if (D->isScoped()) {
523     if (D->isScopedUsingClassTag())
524       Out << " class";
525     else
526       Out << " struct";
527   }
528 
529   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
530 
531   if (D->getDeclName())
532     Out << ' ' << D->getDeclName();
533 
534   if (D->isFixed())
535     Out << " : " << D->getIntegerType().stream(Policy);
536 
537   if (D->isCompleteDefinition()) {
538     Out << " {\n";
539     VisitDeclContext(D);
540     Indent() << "}";
541   }
542 }
543 
544 void DeclPrinter::VisitRecordDecl(RecordDecl *D) {
545   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers && D->isModulePrivate())
546     Out << "__module_private__ ";
547   Out << D->getKindName();
548 
549   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
550 
551   if (D->getIdentifier())
552     Out << ' ' << *D;
553 
554   if (D->isCompleteDefinition()) {
555     Out << " {\n";
556     VisitDeclContext(D);
557     Indent() << "}";
558   }
559 }
560 
561 void DeclPrinter::VisitEnumConstantDecl(EnumConstantDecl *D) {
562   Out << *D;
563   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
564   if (Expr *Init = D->getInitExpr()) {
565     Out << " = ";
566     Init->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation, "\n", &Context);
567   }
568 }
569 
570 static void printExplicitSpecifier(ExplicitSpecifier ES, llvm::raw_ostream &Out,
571                                    PrintingPolicy &Policy,
572                                    unsigned Indentation) {
573   std::string Proto = "explicit";
574   llvm::raw_string_ostream EOut(Proto);
575   if (ES.getExpr()) {
576     EOut << "(";
577     ES.getExpr()->printPretty(EOut, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
578     EOut << ")";
579   }
580   EOut << " ";
581   EOut.flush();
582   Out << EOut.str();
583 }
584 
585 void DeclPrinter::VisitFunctionDecl(FunctionDecl *D) {
586   if (!D->getDescribedFunctionTemplate() &&
587       !D->isFunctionTemplateSpecialization())
588     prettyPrintPragmas(D);
589 
590   if (D->isFunctionTemplateSpecialization())
591     Out << "template<> ";
592   else if (!D->getDescribedFunctionTemplate()) {
593     for (unsigned I = 0, NumTemplateParams = D->getNumTemplateParameterLists();
594          I < NumTemplateParams; ++I)
595       printTemplateParameters(D->getTemplateParameterList(I));
596   }
597 
598   CXXConstructorDecl *CDecl = dyn_cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(D);
599   CXXConversionDecl *ConversionDecl = dyn_cast<CXXConversionDecl>(D);
600   CXXDeductionGuideDecl *GuideDecl = dyn_cast<CXXDeductionGuideDecl>(D);
601   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers) {
602     switch (D->getStorageClass()) {
603     case SC_None: break;
604     case SC_Extern: Out << "extern "; break;
605     case SC_Static: Out << "static "; break;
606     case SC_PrivateExtern: Out << "__private_extern__ "; break;
607     case SC_Auto: case SC_Register:
608       llvm_unreachable("invalid for functions");
609     }
610 
611     if (D->isInlineSpecified())  Out << "inline ";
612     if (D->isVirtualAsWritten()) Out << "virtual ";
613     if (D->isModulePrivate())    Out << "__module_private__ ";
614     if (D->isConstexprSpecified() && !D->isExplicitlyDefaulted())
615       Out << "constexpr ";
616     if (D->isConsteval())        Out << "consteval ";
617     ExplicitSpecifier ExplicitSpec = ExplicitSpecifier::getFromDecl(D);
618     if (ExplicitSpec.isSpecified())
619       printExplicitSpecifier(ExplicitSpec, Out, Policy, Indentation);
620   }
621 
622   PrintingPolicy SubPolicy(Policy);
623   SubPolicy.SuppressSpecifiers = false;
624   std::string Proto;
625 
626   if (Policy.FullyQualifiedName) {
627     Proto += D->getQualifiedNameAsString();
628   } else {
629     llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Proto);
630     if (!Policy.SuppressScope) {
631       if (const NestedNameSpecifier *NS = D->getQualifier()) {
632         NS->print(OS, Policy);
633       }
634     }
635     D->getNameInfo().printName(OS, Policy);
636   }
637 
638   if (GuideDecl)
639     Proto = GuideDecl->getDeducedTemplate()->getDeclName().getAsString();
640   if (D->isFunctionTemplateSpecialization()) {
641     llvm::raw_string_ostream POut(Proto);
642     DeclPrinter TArgPrinter(POut, SubPolicy, Context, Indentation);
643     const auto *TArgAsWritten = D->getTemplateSpecializationArgsAsWritten();
644     if (TArgAsWritten && !Policy.PrintCanonicalTypes)
645       TArgPrinter.printTemplateArguments(TArgAsWritten->arguments());
646     else if (const TemplateArgumentList *TArgs =
647                  D->getTemplateSpecializationArgs())
648       TArgPrinter.printTemplateArguments(TArgs->asArray());
649   }
650 
651   QualType Ty = D->getType();
652   while (const ParenType *PT = dyn_cast<ParenType>(Ty)) {
653     Proto = '(' + Proto + ')';
654     Ty = PT->getInnerType();
655   }
656 
657   if (const FunctionType *AFT = Ty->getAs<FunctionType>()) {
658     const FunctionProtoType *FT = nullptr;
659     if (D->hasWrittenPrototype())
660       FT = dyn_cast<FunctionProtoType>(AFT);
661 
662     Proto += "(";
663     if (FT) {
664       llvm::raw_string_ostream POut(Proto);
665       DeclPrinter ParamPrinter(POut, SubPolicy, Context, Indentation);
666       for (unsigned i = 0, e = D->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i) {
667         if (i) POut << ", ";
668         ParamPrinter.VisitParmVarDecl(D->getParamDecl(i));
669       }
670 
671       if (FT->isVariadic()) {
672         if (D->getNumParams()) POut << ", ";
673         POut << "...";
674       }
675     } else if (D->doesThisDeclarationHaveABody() && !D->hasPrototype()) {
676       for (unsigned i = 0, e = D->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i) {
677         if (i)
678           Proto += ", ";
679         Proto += D->getParamDecl(i)->getNameAsString();
680       }
681     }
682 
683     Proto += ")";
684 
685     if (FT) {
686       if (FT->isConst())
687         Proto += " const";
688       if (FT->isVolatile())
689         Proto += " volatile";
690       if (FT->isRestrict())
691         Proto += " restrict";
692 
693       switch (FT->getRefQualifier()) {
694       case RQ_None:
695         break;
696       case RQ_LValue:
697         Proto += " &";
698         break;
699       case RQ_RValue:
700         Proto += " &&";
701         break;
702       }
703     }
704 
705     if (FT && FT->hasDynamicExceptionSpec()) {
706       Proto += " throw(";
707       if (FT->getExceptionSpecType() == EST_MSAny)
708         Proto += "...";
709       else
710         for (unsigned I = 0, N = FT->getNumExceptions(); I != N; ++I) {
711           if (I)
712             Proto += ", ";
713 
714           Proto += FT->getExceptionType(I).getAsString(SubPolicy);
715         }
716       Proto += ")";
717     } else if (FT && isNoexceptExceptionSpec(FT->getExceptionSpecType())) {
718       Proto += " noexcept";
719       if (isComputedNoexcept(FT->getExceptionSpecType())) {
720         Proto += "(";
721         llvm::raw_string_ostream EOut(Proto);
722         FT->getNoexceptExpr()->printPretty(EOut, nullptr, SubPolicy,
723                                            Indentation);
724         EOut.flush();
725         Proto += EOut.str();
726         Proto += ")";
727       }
728     }
729 
730     if (CDecl) {
731       if (!Policy.TerseOutput)
732         PrintConstructorInitializers(CDecl, Proto);
733     } else if (!ConversionDecl && !isa<CXXDestructorDecl>(D)) {
734       if (FT && FT->hasTrailingReturn()) {
735         if (!GuideDecl)
736           Out << "auto ";
737         Out << Proto << " -> ";
738         Proto.clear();
739       }
740       AFT->getReturnType().print(Out, Policy, Proto);
741       Proto.clear();
742     }
743     Out << Proto;
744 
745     if (Expr *TrailingRequiresClause = D->getTrailingRequiresClause()) {
746       Out << " requires ";
747       TrailingRequiresClause->printPretty(Out, nullptr, SubPolicy, Indentation);
748     }
749   } else {
750     Ty.print(Out, Policy, Proto);
751   }
752 
753   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
754 
755   if (D->isPure())
756     Out << " = 0";
757   else if (D->isDeletedAsWritten())
758     Out << " = delete";
759   else if (D->isExplicitlyDefaulted())
760     Out << " = default";
761   else if (D->doesThisDeclarationHaveABody()) {
762     if (!Policy.TerseOutput) {
763       if (!D->hasPrototype() && D->getNumParams()) {
764         // This is a K&R function definition, so we need to print the
765         // parameters.
766         Out << '\n';
767         DeclPrinter ParamPrinter(Out, SubPolicy, Context, Indentation);
768         Indentation += Policy.Indentation;
769         for (unsigned i = 0, e = D->getNumParams(); i != e; ++i) {
770           Indent();
771           ParamPrinter.VisitParmVarDecl(D->getParamDecl(i));
772           Out << ";\n";
773         }
774         Indentation -= Policy.Indentation;
775       } else
776         Out << ' ';
777 
778       if (D->getBody())
779         D->getBody()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, SubPolicy, Indentation);
780     } else {
781       if (!Policy.TerseOutput && isa<CXXConstructorDecl>(*D))
782         Out << " {}";
783     }
784   }
785 }
786 
787 void DeclPrinter::VisitFriendDecl(FriendDecl *D) {
788   if (TypeSourceInfo *TSI = D->getFriendType()) {
789     unsigned NumTPLists = D->getFriendTypeNumTemplateParameterLists();
790     for (unsigned i = 0; i < NumTPLists; ++i)
791       printTemplateParameters(D->getFriendTypeTemplateParameterList(i));
792     Out << "friend ";
793     Out << " " << TSI->getType().getAsString(Policy);
794   }
795   else if (FunctionDecl *FD =
796       dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D->getFriendDecl())) {
797     Out << "friend ";
798     VisitFunctionDecl(FD);
799   }
800   else if (FunctionTemplateDecl *FTD =
801            dyn_cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>(D->getFriendDecl())) {
802     Out << "friend ";
803     VisitFunctionTemplateDecl(FTD);
804   }
805   else if (ClassTemplateDecl *CTD =
806            dyn_cast<ClassTemplateDecl>(D->getFriendDecl())) {
807     Out << "friend ";
808     VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(CTD);
809   }
810 }
811 
812 void DeclPrinter::VisitFieldDecl(FieldDecl *D) {
813   // FIXME: add printing of pragma attributes if required.
814   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers && D->isMutable())
815     Out << "mutable ";
816   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers && D->isModulePrivate())
817     Out << "__module_private__ ";
818 
819   Out << D->getASTContext().getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(D->getType()).
820          stream(Policy, D->getName(), Indentation);
821 
822   if (D->isBitField()) {
823     Out << " : ";
824     D->getBitWidth()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
825   }
826 
827   Expr *Init = D->getInClassInitializer();
828   if (!Policy.SuppressInitializers && Init) {
829     if (D->getInClassInitStyle() == ICIS_ListInit)
830       Out << " ";
831     else
832       Out << " = ";
833     Init->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
834   }
835   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
836 }
837 
838 void DeclPrinter::VisitLabelDecl(LabelDecl *D) {
839   Out << *D << ":";
840 }
841 
842 void DeclPrinter::VisitVarDecl(VarDecl *D) {
843   prettyPrintPragmas(D);
844 
845   QualType T = D->getTypeSourceInfo()
846     ? D->getTypeSourceInfo()->getType()
847     : D->getASTContext().getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(D->getType());
848 
849   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers) {
850     StorageClass SC = D->getStorageClass();
851     if (SC != SC_None)
852       Out << VarDecl::getStorageClassSpecifierString(SC) << " ";
853 
854     switch (D->getTSCSpec()) {
855     case TSCS_unspecified:
856       break;
857     case TSCS___thread:
858       Out << "__thread ";
859       break;
860     case TSCS__Thread_local:
861       Out << "_Thread_local ";
862       break;
863     case TSCS_thread_local:
864       Out << "thread_local ";
865       break;
866     }
867 
868     if (D->isModulePrivate())
869       Out << "__module_private__ ";
870 
871     if (D->isConstexpr()) {
872       Out << "constexpr ";
873       T.removeLocalConst();
874     }
875   }
876 
877   printDeclType(T, D->getName());
878   Expr *Init = D->getInit();
879   if (!Policy.SuppressInitializers && Init) {
880     bool ImplicitInit = false;
881     if (CXXConstructExpr *Construct =
882             dyn_cast<CXXConstructExpr>(Init->IgnoreImplicit())) {
883       if (D->getInitStyle() == VarDecl::CallInit &&
884           !Construct->isListInitialization()) {
885         ImplicitInit = Construct->getNumArgs() == 0 ||
886           Construct->getArg(0)->isDefaultArgument();
887       }
888     }
889     if (!ImplicitInit) {
890       if ((D->getInitStyle() == VarDecl::CallInit) && !isa<ParenListExpr>(Init))
891         Out << "(";
892       else if (D->getInitStyle() == VarDecl::CInit) {
893         Out << " = ";
894       }
895       PrintingPolicy SubPolicy(Policy);
896       SubPolicy.SuppressSpecifiers = false;
897       SubPolicy.IncludeTagDefinition = false;
898       Init->printPretty(Out, nullptr, SubPolicy, Indentation);
899       if ((D->getInitStyle() == VarDecl::CallInit) && !isa<ParenListExpr>(Init))
900         Out << ")";
901     }
902   }
903   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
904 }
905 
906 void DeclPrinter::VisitParmVarDecl(ParmVarDecl *D) {
907   VisitVarDecl(D);
908 }
909 
910 void DeclPrinter::VisitFileScopeAsmDecl(FileScopeAsmDecl *D) {
911   Out << "__asm (";
912   D->getAsmString()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
913   Out << ")";
914 }
915 
916 void DeclPrinter::VisitImportDecl(ImportDecl *D) {
917   Out << "@import " << D->getImportedModule()->getFullModuleName()
918       << ";\n";
919 }
920 
921 void DeclPrinter::VisitStaticAssertDecl(StaticAssertDecl *D) {
922   Out << "static_assert(";
923   D->getAssertExpr()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
924   if (StringLiteral *SL = D->getMessage()) {
925     Out << ", ";
926     SL->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
927   }
928   Out << ")";
929 }
930 
931 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
932 // C++ declarations
933 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
934 void DeclPrinter::VisitNamespaceDecl(NamespaceDecl *D) {
935   if (D->isInline())
936     Out << "inline ";
937 
938   Out << "namespace ";
939   if (D->getDeclName())
940     Out << D->getDeclName() << ' ';
941   Out << "{\n";
942 
943   VisitDeclContext(D);
944   Indent() << "}";
945 }
946 
947 void DeclPrinter::VisitUsingDirectiveDecl(UsingDirectiveDecl *D) {
948   Out << "using namespace ";
949   if (D->getQualifier())
950     D->getQualifier()->print(Out, Policy);
951   Out << *D->getNominatedNamespaceAsWritten();
952 }
953 
954 void DeclPrinter::VisitNamespaceAliasDecl(NamespaceAliasDecl *D) {
955   Out << "namespace " << *D << " = ";
956   if (D->getQualifier())
957     D->getQualifier()->print(Out, Policy);
958   Out << *D->getAliasedNamespace();
959 }
960 
961 void DeclPrinter::VisitEmptyDecl(EmptyDecl *D) {
962   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
963 }
964 
965 void DeclPrinter::VisitCXXRecordDecl(CXXRecordDecl *D) {
966   // FIXME: add printing of pragma attributes if required.
967   if (!Policy.SuppressSpecifiers && D->isModulePrivate())
968     Out << "__module_private__ ";
969   Out << D->getKindName();
970 
971   prettyPrintAttributes(D);
972 
973   if (D->getIdentifier()) {
974     Out << ' ' << *D;
975 
976     if (auto S = dyn_cast<ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl>(D)) {
977       ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> Args = S->getTemplateArgs().asArray();
978       if (!Policy.PrintCanonicalTypes)
979         if (const auto* TSI = S->getTypeAsWritten())
980           if (const auto *TST =
981                   dyn_cast<TemplateSpecializationType>(TSI->getType()))
982             Args = TST->template_arguments();
983       printTemplateArguments(Args);
984     }
985   }
986 
987   if (D->isCompleteDefinition()) {
988     // Print the base classes
989     if (D->getNumBases()) {
990       Out << " : ";
991       for (CXXRecordDecl::base_class_iterator Base = D->bases_begin(),
992              BaseEnd = D->bases_end(); Base != BaseEnd; ++Base) {
993         if (Base != D->bases_begin())
994           Out << ", ";
995 
996         if (Base->isVirtual())
997           Out << "virtual ";
998 
999         AccessSpecifier AS = Base->getAccessSpecifierAsWritten();
1000         if (AS != AS_none) {
1001           Print(AS);
1002           Out << " ";
1003         }
1004         Out << Base->getType().getAsString(Policy);
1005 
1006         if (Base->isPackExpansion())
1007           Out << "...";
1008       }
1009     }
1010 
1011     // Print the class definition
1012     // FIXME: Doesn't print access specifiers, e.g., "public:"
1013     if (Policy.TerseOutput) {
1014       Out << " {}";
1015     } else {
1016       Out << " {\n";
1017       VisitDeclContext(D);
1018       Indent() << "}";
1019     }
1020   }
1021 }
1022 
1023 void DeclPrinter::VisitLinkageSpecDecl(LinkageSpecDecl *D) {
1024   const char *l;
1025   if (D->getLanguage() == LinkageSpecDecl::lang_c)
1026     l = "C";
1027   else {
1028     assert(D->getLanguage() == LinkageSpecDecl::lang_cxx &&
1029            "unknown language in linkage specification");
1030     l = "C++";
1031   }
1032 
1033   Out << "extern \"" << l << "\" ";
1034   if (D->hasBraces()) {
1035     Out << "{\n";
1036     VisitDeclContext(D);
1037     Indent() << "}";
1038   } else
1039     Visit(*D->decls_begin());
1040 }
1041 
1042 void DeclPrinter::printTemplateParameters(const TemplateParameterList *Params,
1043                                           bool OmitTemplateKW) {
1044   assert(Params);
1045 
1046   if (!OmitTemplateKW)
1047     Out << "template ";
1048   Out << '<';
1049 
1050   bool NeedComma = false;
1051   for (const Decl *Param : *Params) {
1052     if (Param->isImplicit())
1053       continue;
1054 
1055     if (NeedComma)
1056       Out << ", ";
1057     else
1058       NeedComma = true;
1059 
1060     if (const auto *TTP = dyn_cast<TemplateTypeParmDecl>(Param)) {
1061       VisitTemplateTypeParmDecl(TTP);
1062     } else if (auto NTTP = dyn_cast<NonTypeTemplateParmDecl>(Param)) {
1063       VisitNonTypeTemplateParmDecl(NTTP);
1064     } else if (auto TTPD = dyn_cast<TemplateTemplateParmDecl>(Param)) {
1065       VisitTemplateDecl(TTPD);
1066       // FIXME: print the default argument, if present.
1067     }
1068   }
1069 
1070   Out << '>';
1071   if (!OmitTemplateKW)
1072     Out << ' ';
1073 }
1074 
1075 void DeclPrinter::printTemplateArguments(ArrayRef<TemplateArgument> Args) {
1076   Out << "<";
1077   for (size_t I = 0, E = Args.size(); I < E; ++I) {
1078     if (I)
1079       Out << ", ";
1080     Args[I].print(Policy, Out);
1081   }
1082   Out << ">";
1083 }
1084 
1085 void DeclPrinter::printTemplateArguments(ArrayRef<TemplateArgumentLoc> Args) {
1086   Out << "<";
1087   for (size_t I = 0, E = Args.size(); I < E; ++I) {
1088     if (I)
1089       Out << ", ";
1090     Args[I].getArgument().print(Policy, Out);
1091   }
1092   Out << ">";
1093 }
1094 
1095 void DeclPrinter::VisitTemplateDecl(const TemplateDecl *D) {
1096   printTemplateParameters(D->getTemplateParameters());
1097 
1098   if (const TemplateTemplateParmDecl *TTP =
1099         dyn_cast<TemplateTemplateParmDecl>(D)) {
1100     Out << "class";
1101 
1102     if (TTP->isParameterPack())
1103       Out << " ...";
1104     else if (TTP->getDeclName())
1105       Out << ' ';
1106 
1107     if (TTP->getDeclName())
1108       Out << TTP->getDeclName();
1109   } else if (auto *TD = D->getTemplatedDecl())
1110     Visit(TD);
1111   else if (const auto *Concept = dyn_cast<ConceptDecl>(D)) {
1112     Out << "concept " << Concept->getName() << " = " ;
1113     Concept->getConstraintExpr()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy,
1114                                               Indentation);
1115     Out << ";";
1116   }
1117 }
1118 
1119 void DeclPrinter::VisitFunctionTemplateDecl(FunctionTemplateDecl *D) {
1120   prettyPrintPragmas(D->getTemplatedDecl());
1121   // Print any leading template parameter lists.
1122   if (const FunctionDecl *FD = D->getTemplatedDecl()) {
1123     for (unsigned I = 0, NumTemplateParams = FD->getNumTemplateParameterLists();
1124          I < NumTemplateParams; ++I)
1125       printTemplateParameters(FD->getTemplateParameterList(I));
1126   }
1127   VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(D);
1128   // Declare target attribute is special one, natural spelling for the pragma
1129   // assumes "ending" construct so print it here.
1130   if (D->getTemplatedDecl()->hasAttr<OMPDeclareTargetDeclAttr>())
1131     Out << "#pragma omp end declare target\n";
1132 
1133   // Never print "instantiations" for deduction guides (they don't really
1134   // have them).
1135   if (PrintInstantiation &&
1136       !isa<CXXDeductionGuideDecl>(D->getTemplatedDecl())) {
1137     FunctionDecl *PrevDecl = D->getTemplatedDecl();
1138     const FunctionDecl *Def;
1139     if (PrevDecl->isDefined(Def) && Def != PrevDecl)
1140       return;
1141     for (auto *I : D->specializations())
1142       if (I->getTemplateSpecializationKind() == TSK_ImplicitInstantiation) {
1143         if (!PrevDecl->isThisDeclarationADefinition())
1144           Out << ";\n";
1145         Indent();
1146         prettyPrintPragmas(I);
1147         Visit(I);
1148       }
1149   }
1150 }
1151 
1152 void DeclPrinter::VisitClassTemplateDecl(ClassTemplateDecl *D) {
1153   VisitRedeclarableTemplateDecl(D);
1154 
1155   if (PrintInstantiation) {
1156     for (auto *I : D->specializations())
1157       if (I->getSpecializationKind() == TSK_ImplicitInstantiation) {
1158         if (D->isThisDeclarationADefinition())
1159           Out << ";";
1160         Out << "\n";
1161         Visit(I);
1162       }
1163   }
1164 }
1165 
1166 void DeclPrinter::VisitClassTemplateSpecializationDecl(
1167                                            ClassTemplateSpecializationDecl *D) {
1168   Out << "template<> ";
1169   VisitCXXRecordDecl(D);
1170 }
1171 
1172 void DeclPrinter::VisitClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl(
1173                                     ClassTemplatePartialSpecializationDecl *D) {
1174   printTemplateParameters(D->getTemplateParameters());
1175   VisitCXXRecordDecl(D);
1176 }
1177 
1178 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1179 // Objective-C declarations
1180 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1181 
1182 void DeclPrinter::PrintObjCMethodType(ASTContext &Ctx,
1183                                       Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier Quals,
1184                                       QualType T) {
1185   Out << '(';
1186   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_In)
1187     Out << "in ";
1188   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_Inout)
1189     Out << "inout ";
1190   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_Out)
1191     Out << "out ";
1192   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_Bycopy)
1193     Out << "bycopy ";
1194   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_Byref)
1195     Out << "byref ";
1196   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_Oneway)
1197     Out << "oneway ";
1198   if (Quals & Decl::ObjCDeclQualifier::OBJC_TQ_CSNullability) {
1199     if (auto nullability = AttributedType::stripOuterNullability(T))
1200       Out << getNullabilitySpelling(*nullability, true) << ' ';
1201   }
1202 
1203   Out << Ctx.getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(T).getAsString(Policy);
1204   Out << ')';
1205 }
1206 
1207 void DeclPrinter::PrintObjCTypeParams(ObjCTypeParamList *Params) {
1208   Out << "<";
1209   unsigned First = true;
1210   for (auto *Param : *Params) {
1211     if (First) {
1212       First = false;
1213     } else {
1214       Out << ", ";
1215     }
1216 
1217     switch (Param->getVariance()) {
1218     case ObjCTypeParamVariance::Invariant:
1219       break;
1220 
1221     case ObjCTypeParamVariance::Covariant:
1222       Out << "__covariant ";
1223       break;
1224 
1225     case ObjCTypeParamVariance::Contravariant:
1226       Out << "__contravariant ";
1227       break;
1228     }
1229 
1230     Out << Param->getDeclName();
1231 
1232     if (Param->hasExplicitBound()) {
1233       Out << " : " << Param->getUnderlyingType().getAsString(Policy);
1234     }
1235   }
1236   Out << ">";
1237 }
1238 
1239 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCMethodDecl(ObjCMethodDecl *OMD) {
1240   if (OMD->isInstanceMethod())
1241     Out << "- ";
1242   else
1243     Out << "+ ";
1244   if (!OMD->getReturnType().isNull()) {
1245     PrintObjCMethodType(OMD->getASTContext(), OMD->getObjCDeclQualifier(),
1246                         OMD->getReturnType());
1247   }
1248 
1249   std::string name = OMD->getSelector().getAsString();
1250   std::string::size_type pos, lastPos = 0;
1251   for (const auto *PI : OMD->parameters()) {
1252     // FIXME: selector is missing here!
1253     pos = name.find_first_of(':', lastPos);
1254     if (lastPos != 0)
1255       Out << " ";
1256     Out << name.substr(lastPos, pos - lastPos) << ':';
1257     PrintObjCMethodType(OMD->getASTContext(),
1258                         PI->getObjCDeclQualifier(),
1259                         PI->getType());
1260     Out << *PI;
1261     lastPos = pos + 1;
1262   }
1263 
1264   if (OMD->param_begin() == OMD->param_end())
1265     Out << name;
1266 
1267   if (OMD->isVariadic())
1268       Out << ", ...";
1269 
1270   prettyPrintAttributes(OMD);
1271 
1272   if (OMD->getBody() && !Policy.TerseOutput) {
1273     Out << ' ';
1274     OMD->getBody()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy);
1275   }
1276   else if (Policy.PolishForDeclaration)
1277     Out << ';';
1278 }
1279 
1280 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCImplementationDecl(ObjCImplementationDecl *OID) {
1281   std::string I = OID->getNameAsString();
1282   ObjCInterfaceDecl *SID = OID->getSuperClass();
1283 
1284   bool eolnOut = false;
1285   if (SID)
1286     Out << "@implementation " << I << " : " << *SID;
1287   else
1288     Out << "@implementation " << I;
1289 
1290   if (OID->ivar_size() > 0) {
1291     Out << "{\n";
1292     eolnOut = true;
1293     Indentation += Policy.Indentation;
1294     for (const auto *I : OID->ivars()) {
1295       Indent() << I->getASTContext().getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(I->getType()).
1296                     getAsString(Policy) << ' ' << *I << ";\n";
1297     }
1298     Indentation -= Policy.Indentation;
1299     Out << "}\n";
1300   }
1301   else if (SID || (OID->decls_begin() != OID->decls_end())) {
1302     Out << "\n";
1303     eolnOut = true;
1304   }
1305   VisitDeclContext(OID, false);
1306   if (!eolnOut)
1307     Out << "\n";
1308   Out << "@end";
1309 }
1310 
1311 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCInterfaceDecl(ObjCInterfaceDecl *OID) {
1312   std::string I = OID->getNameAsString();
1313   ObjCInterfaceDecl *SID = OID->getSuperClass();
1314 
1315   if (!OID->isThisDeclarationADefinition()) {
1316     Out << "@class " << I;
1317 
1318     if (auto TypeParams = OID->getTypeParamListAsWritten()) {
1319       PrintObjCTypeParams(TypeParams);
1320     }
1321 
1322     Out << ";";
1323     return;
1324   }
1325   bool eolnOut = false;
1326   Out << "@interface " << I;
1327 
1328   if (auto TypeParams = OID->getTypeParamListAsWritten()) {
1329     PrintObjCTypeParams(TypeParams);
1330   }
1331 
1332   if (SID)
1333     Out << " : " << QualType(OID->getSuperClassType(), 0).getAsString(Policy);
1334 
1335   // Protocols?
1336   const ObjCList<ObjCProtocolDecl> &Protocols = OID->getReferencedProtocols();
1337   if (!Protocols.empty()) {
1338     for (ObjCList<ObjCProtocolDecl>::iterator I = Protocols.begin(),
1339          E = Protocols.end(); I != E; ++I)
1340       Out << (I == Protocols.begin() ? '<' : ',') << **I;
1341     Out << "> ";
1342   }
1343 
1344   if (OID->ivar_size() > 0) {
1345     Out << "{\n";
1346     eolnOut = true;
1347     Indentation += Policy.Indentation;
1348     for (const auto *I : OID->ivars()) {
1349       Indent() << I->getASTContext()
1350                       .getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(I->getType())
1351                       .getAsString(Policy) << ' ' << *I << ";\n";
1352     }
1353     Indentation -= Policy.Indentation;
1354     Out << "}\n";
1355   }
1356   else if (SID || (OID->decls_begin() != OID->decls_end())) {
1357     Out << "\n";
1358     eolnOut = true;
1359   }
1360 
1361   VisitDeclContext(OID, false);
1362   if (!eolnOut)
1363     Out << "\n";
1364   Out << "@end";
1365   // FIXME: implement the rest...
1366 }
1367 
1368 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCProtocolDecl(ObjCProtocolDecl *PID) {
1369   if (!PID->isThisDeclarationADefinition()) {
1370     Out << "@protocol " << *PID << ";\n";
1371     return;
1372   }
1373   // Protocols?
1374   const ObjCList<ObjCProtocolDecl> &Protocols = PID->getReferencedProtocols();
1375   if (!Protocols.empty()) {
1376     Out << "@protocol " << *PID;
1377     for (ObjCList<ObjCProtocolDecl>::iterator I = Protocols.begin(),
1378          E = Protocols.end(); I != E; ++I)
1379       Out << (I == Protocols.begin() ? '<' : ',') << **I;
1380     Out << ">\n";
1381   } else
1382     Out << "@protocol " << *PID << '\n';
1383   VisitDeclContext(PID, false);
1384   Out << "@end";
1385 }
1386 
1387 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCCategoryImplDecl(ObjCCategoryImplDecl *PID) {
1388   Out << "@implementation ";
1389   if (const auto *CID = PID->getClassInterface())
1390     Out << *CID;
1391   else
1392     Out << "<<error-type>>";
1393   Out << '(' << *PID << ")\n";
1394 
1395   VisitDeclContext(PID, false);
1396   Out << "@end";
1397   // FIXME: implement the rest...
1398 }
1399 
1400 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCCategoryDecl(ObjCCategoryDecl *PID) {
1401   Out << "@interface ";
1402   if (const auto *CID = PID->getClassInterface())
1403     Out << *CID;
1404   else
1405     Out << "<<error-type>>";
1406   if (auto TypeParams = PID->getTypeParamList()) {
1407     PrintObjCTypeParams(TypeParams);
1408   }
1409   Out << "(" << *PID << ")\n";
1410   if (PID->ivar_size() > 0) {
1411     Out << "{\n";
1412     Indentation += Policy.Indentation;
1413     for (const auto *I : PID->ivars())
1414       Indent() << I->getASTContext().getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(I->getType()).
1415                     getAsString(Policy) << ' ' << *I << ";\n";
1416     Indentation -= Policy.Indentation;
1417     Out << "}\n";
1418   }
1419 
1420   VisitDeclContext(PID, false);
1421   Out << "@end";
1422 
1423   // FIXME: implement the rest...
1424 }
1425 
1426 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCCompatibleAliasDecl(ObjCCompatibleAliasDecl *AID) {
1427   Out << "@compatibility_alias " << *AID
1428       << ' ' << *AID->getClassInterface() << ";\n";
1429 }
1430 
1431 /// PrintObjCPropertyDecl - print a property declaration.
1432 ///
1433 /// Print attributes in the following order:
1434 /// - class
1435 /// - nonatomic | atomic
1436 /// - assign | retain | strong | copy | weak | unsafe_unretained
1437 /// - readwrite | readonly
1438 /// - getter & setter
1439 /// - nullability
1440 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCPropertyDecl(ObjCPropertyDecl *PDecl) {
1441   if (PDecl->getPropertyImplementation() == ObjCPropertyDecl::Required)
1442     Out << "@required\n";
1443   else if (PDecl->getPropertyImplementation() == ObjCPropertyDecl::Optional)
1444     Out << "@optional\n";
1445 
1446   QualType T = PDecl->getType();
1447 
1448   Out << "@property";
1449   if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() != ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_noattr) {
1450     bool first = true;
1451     Out << "(";
1452     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_class) {
1453       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "class";
1454       first = false;
1455     }
1456 
1457     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_direct) {
1458       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "direct";
1459       first = false;
1460     }
1461 
1462     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() &
1463         ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_nonatomic) {
1464       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "nonatomic";
1465       first = false;
1466     }
1467     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_atomic) {
1468       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "atomic";
1469       first = false;
1470     }
1471 
1472     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_assign) {
1473       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "assign";
1474       first = false;
1475     }
1476     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_retain) {
1477       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "retain";
1478       first = false;
1479     }
1480 
1481     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_strong) {
1482       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "strong";
1483       first = false;
1484     }
1485     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_copy) {
1486       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "copy";
1487       first = false;
1488     }
1489     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_weak) {
1490       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "weak";
1491       first = false;
1492     }
1493     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() &
1494         ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_unsafe_unretained) {
1495       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "unsafe_unretained";
1496       first = false;
1497     }
1498 
1499     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() &
1500         ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_readwrite) {
1501       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "readwrite";
1502       first = false;
1503     }
1504     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_readonly) {
1505       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "readonly";
1506       first = false;
1507     }
1508 
1509     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_getter) {
1510       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "getter = ";
1511       PDecl->getGetterName().print(Out);
1512       first = false;
1513     }
1514     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() & ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_setter) {
1515       Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "setter = ";
1516       PDecl->getSetterName().print(Out);
1517       first = false;
1518     }
1519 
1520     if (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() &
1521         ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_nullability) {
1522       if (auto nullability = AttributedType::stripOuterNullability(T)) {
1523         if (*nullability == NullabilityKind::Unspecified &&
1524             (PDecl->getPropertyAttributes() &
1525              ObjCPropertyAttribute::kind_null_resettable)) {
1526           Out << (first ? "" : ", ") << "null_resettable";
1527         } else {
1528           Out << (first ? "" : ", ")
1529               << getNullabilitySpelling(*nullability, true);
1530         }
1531         first = false;
1532       }
1533     }
1534 
1535     (void) first; // Silence dead store warning due to idiomatic code.
1536     Out << ")";
1537   }
1538   std::string TypeStr = PDecl->getASTContext().getUnqualifiedObjCPointerType(T).
1539       getAsString(Policy);
1540   Out << ' ' << TypeStr;
1541   if (!StringRef(TypeStr).endswith("*"))
1542     Out << ' ';
1543   Out << *PDecl;
1544   if (Policy.PolishForDeclaration)
1545     Out << ';';
1546 }
1547 
1548 void DeclPrinter::VisitObjCPropertyImplDecl(ObjCPropertyImplDecl *PID) {
1549   if (PID->getPropertyImplementation() == ObjCPropertyImplDecl::Synthesize)
1550     Out << "@synthesize ";
1551   else
1552     Out << "@dynamic ";
1553   Out << *PID->getPropertyDecl();
1554   if (PID->getPropertyIvarDecl())
1555     Out << '=' << *PID->getPropertyIvarDecl();
1556 }
1557 
1558 void DeclPrinter::VisitUsingDecl(UsingDecl *D) {
1559   if (!D->isAccessDeclaration())
1560     Out << "using ";
1561   if (D->hasTypename())
1562     Out << "typename ";
1563   D->getQualifier()->print(Out, Policy);
1564 
1565   // Use the correct record name when the using declaration is used for
1566   // inheriting constructors.
1567   for (const auto *Shadow : D->shadows()) {
1568     if (const auto *ConstructorShadow =
1569             dyn_cast<ConstructorUsingShadowDecl>(Shadow)) {
1570       assert(Shadow->getDeclContext() == ConstructorShadow->getDeclContext());
1571       Out << *ConstructorShadow->getNominatedBaseClass();
1572       return;
1573     }
1574   }
1575   Out << *D;
1576 }
1577 
1578 void
1579 DeclPrinter::VisitUnresolvedUsingTypenameDecl(UnresolvedUsingTypenameDecl *D) {
1580   Out << "using typename ";
1581   D->getQualifier()->print(Out, Policy);
1582   Out << D->getDeclName();
1583 }
1584 
1585 void DeclPrinter::VisitUnresolvedUsingValueDecl(UnresolvedUsingValueDecl *D) {
1586   if (!D->isAccessDeclaration())
1587     Out << "using ";
1588   D->getQualifier()->print(Out, Policy);
1589   Out << D->getDeclName();
1590 }
1591 
1592 void DeclPrinter::VisitUsingShadowDecl(UsingShadowDecl *D) {
1593   // ignore
1594 }
1595 
1596 void DeclPrinter::VisitOMPThreadPrivateDecl(OMPThreadPrivateDecl *D) {
1597   Out << "#pragma omp threadprivate";
1598   if (!D->varlist_empty()) {
1599     for (OMPThreadPrivateDecl::varlist_iterator I = D->varlist_begin(),
1600                                                 E = D->varlist_end();
1601                                                 I != E; ++I) {
1602       Out << (I == D->varlist_begin() ? '(' : ',');
1603       NamedDecl *ND = cast<DeclRefExpr>(*I)->getDecl();
1604       ND->printQualifiedName(Out);
1605     }
1606     Out << ")";
1607   }
1608 }
1609 
1610 void DeclPrinter::VisitOMPAllocateDecl(OMPAllocateDecl *D) {
1611   Out << "#pragma omp allocate";
1612   if (!D->varlist_empty()) {
1613     for (OMPAllocateDecl::varlist_iterator I = D->varlist_begin(),
1614                                            E = D->varlist_end();
1615          I != E; ++I) {
1616       Out << (I == D->varlist_begin() ? '(' : ',');
1617       NamedDecl *ND = cast<DeclRefExpr>(*I)->getDecl();
1618       ND->printQualifiedName(Out);
1619     }
1620     Out << ")";
1621   }
1622   if (!D->clauselist_empty()) {
1623     Out << " ";
1624     OMPClausePrinter Printer(Out, Policy);
1625     for (OMPClause *C : D->clauselists())
1626       Printer.Visit(C);
1627   }
1628 }
1629 
1630 void DeclPrinter::VisitOMPRequiresDecl(OMPRequiresDecl *D) {
1631   Out << "#pragma omp requires ";
1632   if (!D->clauselist_empty()) {
1633     OMPClausePrinter Printer(Out, Policy);
1634     for (auto I = D->clauselist_begin(), E = D->clauselist_end(); I != E; ++I)
1635       Printer.Visit(*I);
1636   }
1637 }
1638 
1639 void DeclPrinter::VisitOMPDeclareReductionDecl(OMPDeclareReductionDecl *D) {
1640   if (!D->isInvalidDecl()) {
1641     Out << "#pragma omp declare reduction (";
1642     if (D->getDeclName().getNameKind() == DeclarationName::CXXOperatorName) {
1643       const char *OpName =
1644           getOperatorSpelling(D->getDeclName().getCXXOverloadedOperator());
1645       assert(OpName && "not an overloaded operator");
1646       Out << OpName;
1647     } else {
1648       assert(D->getDeclName().isIdentifier());
1649       D->printName(Out);
1650     }
1651     Out << " : ";
1652     D->getType().print(Out, Policy);
1653     Out << " : ";
1654     D->getCombiner()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, 0);
1655     Out << ")";
1656     if (auto *Init = D->getInitializer()) {
1657       Out << " initializer(";
1658       switch (D->getInitializerKind()) {
1659       case OMPDeclareReductionDecl::DirectInit:
1660         Out << "omp_priv(";
1661         break;
1662       case OMPDeclareReductionDecl::CopyInit:
1663         Out << "omp_priv = ";
1664         break;
1665       case OMPDeclareReductionDecl::CallInit:
1666         break;
1667       }
1668       Init->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, 0);
1669       if (D->getInitializerKind() == OMPDeclareReductionDecl::DirectInit)
1670         Out << ")";
1671       Out << ")";
1672     }
1673   }
1674 }
1675 
1676 void DeclPrinter::VisitOMPDeclareMapperDecl(OMPDeclareMapperDecl *D) {
1677   if (!D->isInvalidDecl()) {
1678     Out << "#pragma omp declare mapper (";
1679     D->printName(Out);
1680     Out << " : ";
1681     D->getType().print(Out, Policy);
1682     Out << " ";
1683     Out << D->getVarName();
1684     Out << ")";
1685     if (!D->clauselist_empty()) {
1686       OMPClausePrinter Printer(Out, Policy);
1687       for (auto *C : D->clauselists()) {
1688         Out << " ";
1689         Printer.Visit(C);
1690       }
1691     }
1692   }
1693 }
1694 
1695 void DeclPrinter::VisitOMPCapturedExprDecl(OMPCapturedExprDecl *D) {
1696   D->getInit()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
1697 }
1698 
1699 void DeclPrinter::VisitTemplateTypeParmDecl(const TemplateTypeParmDecl *TTP) {
1700   if (const TypeConstraint *TC = TTP->getTypeConstraint())
1701     TC->print(Out, Policy);
1702   else if (TTP->wasDeclaredWithTypename())
1703     Out << "typename";
1704   else
1705     Out << "class";
1706 
1707   if (TTP->isParameterPack())
1708     Out << " ...";
1709   else if (TTP->getDeclName())
1710     Out << ' ';
1711 
1712   if (TTP->getDeclName())
1713     Out << TTP->getDeclName();
1714 
1715   if (TTP->hasDefaultArgument()) {
1716     Out << " = ";
1717     Out << TTP->getDefaultArgument().getAsString(Policy);
1718   }
1719 }
1720 
1721 void DeclPrinter::VisitNonTypeTemplateParmDecl(
1722     const NonTypeTemplateParmDecl *NTTP) {
1723   StringRef Name;
1724   if (IdentifierInfo *II = NTTP->getIdentifier())
1725     Name = II->getName();
1726   printDeclType(NTTP->getType(), Name, NTTP->isParameterPack());
1727 
1728   if (NTTP->hasDefaultArgument()) {
1729     Out << " = ";
1730     NTTP->getDefaultArgument()->printPretty(Out, nullptr, Policy, Indentation);
1731   }
1732 }
1733