xref: /freebsd/contrib/libpcap/pcap-bpf.c (revision eb69d1f144a6fcc765d1b9d44a5ae8082353e70b)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that: (1) source code distributions
7  * retain the above copyright notice and this paragraph in its entirety, (2)
8  * distributions including binary code include the above copyright notice and
9  * this paragraph in its entirety in the documentation or other materials
10  * provided with the distribution, and (3) all advertising materials mentioning
11  * features or use of this software display the following acknowledgement:
12  * ``This product includes software developed by the University of California,
13  * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and its contributors.'' Neither the name of
14  * the University nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
15  * or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
16  * written permission.
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
18  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
19  * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
20  *
21  * $FreeBSD$
22  */
23 
24 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
25 #include "config.h"
26 #endif
27 
28 #include <sys/param.h>			/* optionally get BSD define */
29 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
30 #include <sys/mman.h>
31 #endif
32 #include <sys/socket.h>
33 #include <time.h>
34 /*
35  * <net/bpf.h> defines ioctls, but doesn't include <sys/ioccom.h>.
36  *
37  * We include <sys/ioctl.h> as it might be necessary to declare ioctl();
38  * at least on *BSD and Mac OS X, it also defines various SIOC ioctls -
39  * we could include <sys/sockio.h>, but if we're already including
40  * <sys/ioctl.h>, which includes <sys/sockio.h> on those platforms,
41  * there's not much point in doing so.
42  *
43  * If we have <sys/ioccom.h>, we include it as well, to handle systems
44  * such as Solaris which don't arrange to include <sys/ioccom.h> if you
45  * include <sys/ioctl.h>
46  */
47 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
48 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_IOCCOM_H
49 #include <sys/ioccom.h>
50 #endif
51 #include <sys/utsname.h>
52 
53 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
54 /*
55  * Add support for capturing on FreeBSD usbusN interfaces.
56  */
57 static const char usbus_prefix[] = "usbus";
58 #define USBUS_PREFIX_LEN	(sizeof(usbus_prefix) - 1)
59 #include <dirent.h>
60 #endif
61 
62 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
63 #include <machine/atomic.h>
64 #endif
65 
66 #include <net/if.h>
67 
68 #ifdef _AIX
69 
70 /*
71  * Make "pcap.h" not include "pcap/bpf.h"; we are going to include the
72  * native OS version, as we need "struct bpf_config" from it.
73  */
74 #define PCAP_DONT_INCLUDE_PCAP_BPF_H
75 
76 #include <sys/types.h>
77 
78 /*
79  * Prevent bpf.h from redefining the DLT_ values to their
80  * IFT_ values, as we're going to return the standard libpcap
81  * values, not IBM's non-standard IFT_ values.
82  */
83 #undef _AIX
84 #include <net/bpf.h>
85 #define _AIX
86 
87 #include <net/if_types.h>		/* for IFT_ values */
88 #include <sys/sysconfig.h>
89 #include <sys/device.h>
90 #include <sys/cfgodm.h>
91 #include <cf.h>
92 
93 #ifdef __64BIT__
94 #define domakedev makedev64
95 #define getmajor major64
96 #define bpf_hdr bpf_hdr32
97 #else /* __64BIT__ */
98 #define domakedev makedev
99 #define getmajor major
100 #endif /* __64BIT__ */
101 
102 #define BPF_NAME "bpf"
103 #define BPF_MINORS 4
104 #define DRIVER_PATH "/usr/lib/drivers"
105 #define BPF_NODE "/dev/bpf"
106 static int bpfloadedflag = 0;
107 static int odmlockid = 0;
108 
109 static int bpf_load(char *errbuf);
110 
111 #else /* _AIX */
112 
113 #include <net/bpf.h>
114 
115 #endif /* _AIX */
116 
117 #include <ctype.h>
118 #include <fcntl.h>
119 #include <errno.h>
120 #include <netdb.h>
121 #include <stdio.h>
122 #include <stdlib.h>
123 #include <string.h>
124 #include <unistd.h>
125 
126 #ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_MEDIA_H
127 # include <net/if_media.h>
128 #endif
129 
130 #include "pcap-int.h"
131 
132 #ifdef HAVE_OS_PROTO_H
133 #include "os-proto.h"
134 #endif
135 
136 /*
137  * Later versions of NetBSD stick padding in front of FDDI frames
138  * to align the IP header on a 4-byte boundary.
139  */
140 #if defined(__NetBSD__) && __NetBSD_Version__ > 106000000
141 #define       PCAP_FDDIPAD 3
142 #endif
143 
144 /*
145  * Private data for capturing on BPF devices.
146  */
147 struct pcap_bpf {
148 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
149 	/*
150 	 * Zero-copy read buffer -- for zero-copy BPF.  'buffer' above will
151 	 * alternative between these two actual mmap'd buffers as required.
152 	 * As there is a header on the front size of the mmap'd buffer, only
153 	 * some of the buffer is exposed to libpcap as a whole via bufsize;
154 	 * zbufsize is the true size.  zbuffer tracks the current zbuf
155 	 * assocated with buffer so that it can be used to decide which the
156 	 * next buffer to read will be.
157 	 */
158 	u_char *zbuf1, *zbuf2, *zbuffer;
159 	u_int zbufsize;
160 	u_int zerocopy;
161 	u_int interrupted;
162 	struct timespec firstsel;
163 	/*
164 	 * If there's currently a buffer being actively processed, then it is
165 	 * referenced here; 'buffer' is also pointed at it, but offset by the
166 	 * size of the header.
167 	 */
168 	struct bpf_zbuf_header *bzh;
169 	int nonblock;		/* true if in nonblocking mode */
170 #endif /* HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF */
171 
172 	char *device;		/* device name */
173 	int filtering_in_kernel; /* using kernel filter */
174 	int must_do_on_close;	/* stuff we must do when we close */
175 };
176 
177 /*
178  * Stuff to do when we close.
179  */
180 #define MUST_CLEAR_RFMON	0x00000001	/* clear rfmon (monitor) mode */
181 #define MUST_DESTROY_USBUS	0x00000002	/* destroy usbusN interface */
182 
183 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
184 # if (defined(HAVE_NET_IF_MEDIA_H) && defined(IFM_IEEE80211)) && !defined(__APPLE__)
185 #define HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
186 
187 /*
188  * The ifm_ulist member of a struct ifmediareq is an int * on most systems,
189  * but it's a uint64_t on newer versions of OpenBSD.
190  *
191  * We check this by checking whether IFM_GMASK is defined and > 2^32-1.
192  */
193 #  if defined(IFM_GMASK) && IFM_GMASK > 0xFFFFFFFF
194 #    define IFM_ULIST_TYPE	uint64_t
195 #  else
196 #    define IFM_ULIST_TYPE	int
197 #  endif
198 # endif
199 
200 # if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
201 static int find_802_11(struct bpf_dltlist *);
202 
203 #  ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
204 static int monitor_mode(pcap_t *, int);
205 #  endif
206 
207 #  if defined(__APPLE__)
208 static void remove_en(pcap_t *);
209 static void remove_802_11(pcap_t *);
210 #  endif
211 
212 # endif /* defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211) */
213 
214 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
215 
216 #if defined(sun) && defined(LIFNAMSIZ) && defined(lifr_zoneid)
217 #include <zone.h>
218 #endif
219 
220 /*
221  * We include the OS's <net/bpf.h>, not our "pcap/bpf.h", so we probably
222  * don't get DLT_DOCSIS defined.
223  */
224 #ifndef DLT_DOCSIS
225 #define DLT_DOCSIS	143
226 #endif
227 
228 /*
229  * On OS X, we don't even get any of the 802.11-plus-radio-header DLT_'s
230  * defined, even though some of them are used by various Airport drivers.
231  */
232 #ifndef DLT_PRISM_HEADER
233 #define DLT_PRISM_HEADER	119
234 #endif
235 #ifndef DLT_AIRONET_HEADER
236 #define DLT_AIRONET_HEADER	120
237 #endif
238 #ifndef DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO
239 #define DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO	127
240 #endif
241 #ifndef DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS
242 #define DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS 163
243 #endif
244 
245 static int pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf(pcap_t *p);
246 static int pcap_activate_bpf(pcap_t *p);
247 static int pcap_setfilter_bpf(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp);
248 static int pcap_setdirection_bpf(pcap_t *, pcap_direction_t);
249 static int pcap_set_datalink_bpf(pcap_t *p, int dlt);
250 
251 /*
252  * For zerocopy bpf, the setnonblock/getnonblock routines need to modify
253  * pb->nonblock so we don't call select(2) if the pcap handle is in non-
254  * blocking mode.
255  */
256 static int
257 pcap_getnonblock_bpf(pcap_t *p, char *errbuf)
258 {
259 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
260 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
261 
262 	if (pb->zerocopy)
263 		return (pb->nonblock);
264 #endif
265 	return (pcap_getnonblock_fd(p, errbuf));
266 }
267 
268 static int
269 pcap_setnonblock_bpf(pcap_t *p, int nonblock, char *errbuf)
270 {
271 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
272 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
273 
274 	if (pb->zerocopy) {
275 		pb->nonblock = nonblock;
276 		return (0);
277 	}
278 #endif
279 	return (pcap_setnonblock_fd(p, nonblock, errbuf));
280 }
281 
282 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
283 /*
284  * Zero-copy BPF buffer routines to check for and acknowledge BPF data in
285  * shared memory buffers.
286  *
287  * pcap_next_zbuf_shm(): Check for a newly available shared memory buffer,
288  * and set up p->buffer and cc to reflect one if available.  Notice that if
289  * there was no prior buffer, we select zbuf1 as this will be the first
290  * buffer filled for a fresh BPF session.
291  */
292 static int
293 pcap_next_zbuf_shm(pcap_t *p, int *cc)
294 {
295 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
296 	struct bpf_zbuf_header *bzh;
297 
298 	if (pb->zbuffer == pb->zbuf2 || pb->zbuffer == NULL) {
299 		bzh = (struct bpf_zbuf_header *)pb->zbuf1;
300 		if (bzh->bzh_user_gen !=
301 		    atomic_load_acq_int(&bzh->bzh_kernel_gen)) {
302 			pb->bzh = bzh;
303 			pb->zbuffer = (u_char *)pb->zbuf1;
304 			p->buffer = pb->zbuffer + sizeof(*bzh);
305 			*cc = bzh->bzh_kernel_len;
306 			return (1);
307 		}
308 	} else if (pb->zbuffer == pb->zbuf1) {
309 		bzh = (struct bpf_zbuf_header *)pb->zbuf2;
310 		if (bzh->bzh_user_gen !=
311 		    atomic_load_acq_int(&bzh->bzh_kernel_gen)) {
312 			pb->bzh = bzh;
313 			pb->zbuffer = (u_char *)pb->zbuf2;
314   			p->buffer = pb->zbuffer + sizeof(*bzh);
315 			*cc = bzh->bzh_kernel_len;
316 			return (1);
317 		}
318 	}
319 	*cc = 0;
320 	return (0);
321 }
322 
323 /*
324  * pcap_next_zbuf() -- Similar to pcap_next_zbuf_shm(), except wait using
325  * select() for data or a timeout, and possibly force rotation of the buffer
326  * in the event we time out or are in immediate mode.  Invoke the shared
327  * memory check before doing system calls in order to avoid doing avoidable
328  * work.
329  */
330 static int
331 pcap_next_zbuf(pcap_t *p, int *cc)
332 {
333 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
334 	struct bpf_zbuf bz;
335 	struct timeval tv;
336 	struct timespec cur;
337 	fd_set r_set;
338 	int data, r;
339 	int expire, tmout;
340 
341 #define TSTOMILLI(ts) (((ts)->tv_sec * 1000) + ((ts)->tv_nsec / 1000000))
342 	/*
343 	 * Start out by seeing whether anything is waiting by checking the
344 	 * next shared memory buffer for data.
345 	 */
346 	data = pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc);
347 	if (data)
348 		return (data);
349 	/*
350 	 * If a previous sleep was interrupted due to signal delivery, make
351 	 * sure that the timeout gets adjusted accordingly.  This requires
352 	 * that we analyze when the timeout should be been expired, and
353 	 * subtract the current time from that.  If after this operation,
354 	 * our timeout is less then or equal to zero, handle it like a
355 	 * regular timeout.
356 	 */
357 	tmout = p->opt.timeout;
358 	if (tmout)
359 		(void) clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &cur);
360 	if (pb->interrupted && p->opt.timeout) {
361 		expire = TSTOMILLI(&pb->firstsel) + p->opt.timeout;
362 		tmout = expire - TSTOMILLI(&cur);
363 #undef TSTOMILLI
364 		if (tmout <= 0) {
365 			pb->interrupted = 0;
366 			data = pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc);
367 			if (data)
368 				return (data);
369 			if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCROTZBUF, &bz) < 0) {
370 				(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
371 				    "BIOCROTZBUF: %s", strerror(errno));
372 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
373 			}
374 			return (pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc));
375 		}
376 	}
377 	/*
378 	 * No data in the buffer, so must use select() to wait for data or
379 	 * the next timeout.  Note that we only call select if the handle
380 	 * is in blocking mode.
381 	 */
382 	if (!pb->nonblock) {
383 		FD_ZERO(&r_set);
384 		FD_SET(p->fd, &r_set);
385 		if (tmout != 0) {
386 			tv.tv_sec = tmout / 1000;
387 			tv.tv_usec = (tmout * 1000) % 1000000;
388 		}
389 		r = select(p->fd + 1, &r_set, NULL, NULL,
390 		    p->opt.timeout != 0 ? &tv : NULL);
391 		if (r < 0 && errno == EINTR) {
392 			if (!pb->interrupted && p->opt.timeout) {
393 				pb->interrupted = 1;
394 				pb->firstsel = cur;
395 			}
396 			return (0);
397 		} else if (r < 0) {
398 			(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
399 			    "select: %s", strerror(errno));
400 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
401 		}
402 	}
403 	pb->interrupted = 0;
404 	/*
405 	 * Check again for data, which may exist now that we've either been
406 	 * woken up as a result of data or timed out.  Try the "there's data"
407 	 * case first since it doesn't require a system call.
408 	 */
409 	data = pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc);
410 	if (data)
411 		return (data);
412 	/*
413 	 * Try forcing a buffer rotation to dislodge timed out or immediate
414 	 * data.
415 	 */
416 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCROTZBUF, &bz) < 0) {
417 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
418 		    "BIOCROTZBUF: %s", strerror(errno));
419 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
420 	}
421 	return (pcap_next_zbuf_shm(p, cc));
422 }
423 
424 /*
425  * Notify kernel that we are done with the buffer.  We don't reset zbuffer so
426  * that we know which buffer to use next time around.
427  */
428 static int
429 pcap_ack_zbuf(pcap_t *p)
430 {
431 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
432 
433 	atomic_store_rel_int(&pb->bzh->bzh_user_gen,
434 	    pb->bzh->bzh_kernel_gen);
435 	pb->bzh = NULL;
436 	p->buffer = NULL;
437 	return (0);
438 }
439 #endif /* HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF */
440 
441 pcap_t *
442 pcap_create_interface(const char *device _U_, char *ebuf)
443 {
444 	pcap_t *p;
445 
446 	p = pcap_create_common(ebuf, sizeof (struct pcap_bpf));
447 	if (p == NULL)
448 		return (NULL);
449 
450 	p->activate_op = pcap_activate_bpf;
451 	p->can_set_rfmon_op = pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf;
452 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
453 	/*
454 	 * We claim that we support microsecond and nanosecond time
455 	 * stamps.
456 	 */
457 	p->tstamp_precision_count = 2;
458 	p->tstamp_precision_list = malloc(2 * sizeof(u_int));
459 	if (p->tstamp_precision_list == NULL) {
460 		snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
461 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
462 		free(p);
463 		return (NULL);
464 	}
465 	p->tstamp_precision_list[0] = PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_MICRO;
466 	p->tstamp_precision_list[1] = PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO;
467 #endif /* BIOCSTSTAMP */
468 	return (p);
469 }
470 
471 /*
472  * On success, returns a file descriptor for a BPF device.
473  * On failure, returns a PCAP_ERROR_ value, and sets p->errbuf.
474  */
475 static int
476 bpf_open(char *errbuf)
477 {
478 	int fd;
479 #ifdef HAVE_CLONING_BPF
480 	static const char device[] = "/dev/bpf";
481 #else
482 	int n = 0;
483 	char device[sizeof "/dev/bpf0000000000"];
484 #endif
485 
486 #ifdef _AIX
487 	/*
488 	 * Load the bpf driver, if it isn't already loaded,
489 	 * and create the BPF device entries, if they don't
490 	 * already exist.
491 	 */
492 	if (bpf_load(errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR)
493 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
494 #endif
495 
496 #ifdef HAVE_CLONING_BPF
497 	if ((fd = open(device, O_RDWR)) == -1 &&
498 	    (errno != EACCES || (fd = open(device, O_RDONLY)) == -1)) {
499 		if (errno == EACCES)
500 			fd = PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED;
501 		else
502 			fd = PCAP_ERROR;
503 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
504 		  "(cannot open device) %s: %s", device, pcap_strerror(errno));
505 	}
506 #else
507 	/*
508 	 * Go through all the minors and find one that isn't in use.
509 	 */
510 	do {
511 		(void)pcap_snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "/dev/bpf%d", n++);
512 		/*
513 		 * Initially try a read/write open (to allow the inject
514 		 * method to work).  If that fails due to permission
515 		 * issues, fall back to read-only.  This allows a
516 		 * non-root user to be granted specific access to pcap
517 		 * capabilities via file permissions.
518 		 *
519 		 * XXX - we should have an API that has a flag that
520 		 * controls whether to open read-only or read-write,
521 		 * so that denial of permission to send (or inability
522 		 * to send, if sending packets isn't supported on
523 		 * the device in question) can be indicated at open
524 		 * time.
525 		 */
526 		fd = open(device, O_RDWR);
527 		if (fd == -1 && errno == EACCES)
528 			fd = open(device, O_RDONLY);
529 	} while (fd < 0 && errno == EBUSY);
530 
531 	/*
532 	 * XXX better message for all minors used
533 	 */
534 	if (fd < 0) {
535 		switch (errno) {
536 
537 		case ENOENT:
538 			fd = PCAP_ERROR;
539 			if (n == 1) {
540 				/*
541 				 * /dev/bpf0 doesn't exist, which
542 				 * means we probably have no BPF
543 				 * devices.
544 				 */
545 				pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
546 				    "(there are no BPF devices)");
547 			} else {
548 				/*
549 				 * We got EBUSY on at least one
550 				 * BPF device, so we have BPF
551 				 * devices, but all the ones
552 				 * that exist are busy.
553 				 */
554 				pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
555 				    "(all BPF devices are busy)");
556 			}
557 			break;
558 
559 		case EACCES:
560 			/*
561 			 * Got EACCES on the last device we tried,
562 			 * and EBUSY on all devices before that,
563 			 * if any.
564 			 */
565 			fd = PCAP_ERROR_PERM_DENIED;
566 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
567 			    "(cannot open BPF device) %s: %s", device,
568 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
569 			break;
570 
571 		default:
572 			/*
573 			 * Some other problem.
574 			 */
575 			fd = PCAP_ERROR;
576 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
577 			    "(cannot open BPF device) %s: %s", device,
578 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
579 			break;
580 		}
581 	}
582 #endif
583 
584 	return (fd);
585 }
586 
587 /*
588  * Open and bind to a device; used if we're not actually going to use
589  * the device, but are just testing whether it can be opened, or opening
590  * it to get information about it.
591  *
592  * Returns an error code on failure (always negative), and an FD for
593  * the now-bound BPF device on success (always non-negative).
594  */
595 static int
596 bpf_open_and_bind(const char *name, char *errbuf)
597 {
598 	int fd;
599 	struct ifreq ifr;
600 
601 	/*
602 	 * First, open a BPF device.
603 	 */
604 	fd = bpf_open(errbuf);
605 	if (fd < 0)
606 		return (fd);	/* fd is the appropriate error code */
607 
608 	/*
609 	 * Now bind to the device.
610 	 */
611 	(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
612 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0) {
613 		switch (errno) {
614 
615 		case ENXIO:
616 			/*
617 			 * There's no such device.
618 			 */
619 			close(fd);
620 			return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
621 
622 		case ENETDOWN:
623 			/*
624 			 * Return a "network down" indication, so that
625 			 * the application can report that rather than
626 			 * saying we had a mysterious failure and
627 			 * suggest that they report a problem to the
628 			 * libpcap developers.
629 			 */
630 			close(fd);
631 			return (PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP);
632 
633 		default:
634 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
635 			    "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s", name, pcap_strerror(errno));
636 			close(fd);
637 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
638 		}
639 	}
640 
641 	/*
642 	 * Success.
643 	 */
644 	return (fd);
645 }
646 
647 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
648 static int
649 get_dlt_list(int fd, int v, struct bpf_dltlist *bdlp, char *ebuf)
650 {
651 	memset(bdlp, 0, sizeof(*bdlp));
652 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGDLTLIST, (caddr_t)bdlp) == 0) {
653 		u_int i;
654 		int is_ethernet;
655 
656 		bdlp->bfl_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * (bdlp->bfl_len + 1));
657 		if (bdlp->bfl_list == NULL) {
658 			(void)pcap_snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
659 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
660 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
661 		}
662 
663 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGDLTLIST, (caddr_t)bdlp) < 0) {
664 			(void)pcap_snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
665 			    "BIOCGDLTLIST: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
666 			free(bdlp->bfl_list);
667 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
668 		}
669 
670 		/*
671 		 * OK, for real Ethernet devices, add DLT_DOCSIS to the
672 		 * list, so that an application can let you choose it,
673 		 * in case you're capturing DOCSIS traffic that a Cisco
674 		 * Cable Modem Termination System is putting out onto
675 		 * an Ethernet (it doesn't put an Ethernet header onto
676 		 * the wire, it puts raw DOCSIS frames out on the wire
677 		 * inside the low-level Ethernet framing).
678 		 *
679 		 * A "real Ethernet device" is defined here as a device
680 		 * that has a link-layer type of DLT_EN10MB and that has
681 		 * no alternate link-layer types; that's done to exclude
682 		 * 802.11 interfaces (which might or might not be the
683 		 * right thing to do, but I suspect it is - Ethernet <->
684 		 * 802.11 bridges would probably badly mishandle frames
685 		 * that don't have Ethernet headers).
686 		 *
687 		 * On Solaris with BPF, Ethernet devices also offer
688 		 * DLT_IPNET, so we, if DLT_IPNET is defined, we don't
689 		 * treat it as an indication that the device isn't an
690 		 * Ethernet.
691 		 */
692 		if (v == DLT_EN10MB) {
693 			is_ethernet = 1;
694 			for (i = 0; i < bdlp->bfl_len; i++) {
695 				if (bdlp->bfl_list[i] != DLT_EN10MB
696 #ifdef DLT_IPNET
697 				    && bdlp->bfl_list[i] != DLT_IPNET
698 #endif
699 				    ) {
700 					is_ethernet = 0;
701 					break;
702 				}
703 			}
704 			if (is_ethernet) {
705 				/*
706 				 * We reserved one more slot at the end of
707 				 * the list.
708 				 */
709 				bdlp->bfl_list[bdlp->bfl_len] = DLT_DOCSIS;
710 				bdlp->bfl_len++;
711 			}
712 		}
713 	} else {
714 		/*
715 		 * EINVAL just means "we don't support this ioctl on
716 		 * this device"; don't treat it as an error.
717 		 */
718 		if (errno != EINVAL) {
719 			(void)pcap_snprintf(ebuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
720 			    "BIOCGDLTLIST: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
721 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
722 		}
723 	}
724 	return (0);
725 }
726 #endif
727 
728 static int
729 pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf(pcap_t *p)
730 {
731 #if defined(__APPLE__)
732 	struct utsname osinfo;
733 	struct ifreq ifr;
734 	int fd;
735 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
736 	struct bpf_dltlist bdl;
737 #endif
738 
739 	/*
740 	 * The joys of monitor mode on OS X.
741 	 *
742 	 * Prior to 10.4, it's not supported at all.
743 	 *
744 	 * In 10.4, if adapter enN supports monitor mode, there's a
745 	 * wltN adapter corresponding to it; you open it, instead of
746 	 * enN, to get monitor mode.  You get whatever link-layer
747 	 * headers it supplies.
748 	 *
749 	 * In 10.5, and, we assume, later releases, if adapter enN
750 	 * supports monitor mode, it offers, among its selectable
751 	 * DLT_ values, values that let you get the 802.11 header;
752 	 * selecting one of those values puts the adapter into monitor
753 	 * mode (i.e., you can't get 802.11 headers except in monitor
754 	 * mode, and you can't get Ethernet headers in monitor mode).
755 	 */
756 	if (uname(&osinfo) == -1) {
757 		/*
758 		 * Can't get the OS version; just say "no".
759 		 */
760 		return (0);
761 	}
762 	/*
763 	 * We assume osinfo.sysname is "Darwin", because
764 	 * __APPLE__ is defined.  We just check the version.
765 	 */
766 	if (osinfo.release[0] < '8' && osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
767 		/*
768 		 * 10.3 (Darwin 7.x) or earlier.
769 		 * Monitor mode not supported.
770 		 */
771 		return (0);
772 	}
773 	if (osinfo.release[0] == '8' && osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
774 		/*
775 		 * 10.4 (Darwin 8.x).  s/en/wlt/, and check
776 		 * whether the device exists.
777 		 */
778 		if (strncmp(p->opt.device, "en", 2) != 0) {
779 			/*
780 			 * Not an enN device; no monitor mode.
781 			 */
782 			return (0);
783 		}
784 		fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
785 		if (fd == -1) {
786 			(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
787 			    "socket: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
788 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
789 		}
790 		strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "wlt", sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
791 		strlcat(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device + 2, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
792 		if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)&ifr) < 0) {
793 			/*
794 			 * No such device?
795 			 */
796 			close(fd);
797 			return (0);
798 		}
799 		close(fd);
800 		return (1);
801 	}
802 
803 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
804 	/*
805 	 * Everything else is 10.5 or later; for those,
806 	 * we just open the enN device, and check whether
807 	 * we have any 802.11 devices.
808 	 *
809 	 * First, open a BPF device.
810 	 */
811 	fd = bpf_open(p->errbuf);
812 	if (fd < 0)
813 		return (fd);	/* fd is the appropriate error code */
814 
815 	/*
816 	 * Now bind to the device.
817 	 */
818 	(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
819 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0) {
820 		switch (errno) {
821 
822 		case ENXIO:
823 			/*
824 			 * There's no such device.
825 			 */
826 			close(fd);
827 			return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
828 
829 		case ENETDOWN:
830 			/*
831 			 * Return a "network down" indication, so that
832 			 * the application can report that rather than
833 			 * saying we had a mysterious failure and
834 			 * suggest that they report a problem to the
835 			 * libpcap developers.
836 			 */
837 			close(fd);
838 			return (PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP);
839 
840 		default:
841 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
842 			    "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s",
843 			    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
844 			close(fd);
845 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
846 		}
847 	}
848 
849 	/*
850 	 * We know the default link type -- now determine all the DLTs
851 	 * this interface supports.  If this fails with EINVAL, it's
852 	 * not fatal; we just don't get to use the feature later.
853 	 * (We don't care about DLT_DOCSIS, so we pass DLT_NULL
854 	 * as the default DLT for this adapter.)
855 	 */
856 	if (get_dlt_list(fd, DLT_NULL, &bdl, p->errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR) {
857 		close(fd);
858 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
859 	}
860 	if (find_802_11(&bdl) != -1) {
861 		/*
862 		 * We have an 802.11 DLT, so we can set monitor mode.
863 		 */
864 		free(bdl.bfl_list);
865 		close(fd);
866 		return (1);
867 	}
868 	free(bdl.bfl_list);
869 	close(fd);
870 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
871 	return (0);
872 #elif defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
873 	int ret;
874 
875 	ret = monitor_mode(p, 0);
876 	if (ret == PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP)
877 		return (0);	/* not an error, just a "can't do" */
878 	if (ret == 0)
879 		return (1);	/* success */
880 	return (ret);
881 #else
882 	return (0);
883 #endif
884 }
885 
886 static int
887 pcap_stats_bpf(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_stat *ps)
888 {
889 	struct bpf_stat s;
890 
891 	/*
892 	 * "ps_recv" counts packets handed to the filter, not packets
893 	 * that passed the filter.  This includes packets later dropped
894 	 * because we ran out of buffer space.
895 	 *
896 	 * "ps_drop" counts packets dropped inside the BPF device
897 	 * because we ran out of buffer space.  It doesn't count
898 	 * packets dropped by the interface driver.  It counts
899 	 * only packets that passed the filter.
900 	 *
901 	 * Both statistics include packets not yet read from the kernel
902 	 * by libpcap, and thus not yet seen by the application.
903 	 */
904 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCGSTATS, (caddr_t)&s) < 0) {
905 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGSTATS: %s",
906 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
907 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
908 	}
909 
910 	ps->ps_recv = s.bs_recv;
911 	ps->ps_drop = s.bs_drop;
912 	ps->ps_ifdrop = 0;
913 	return (0);
914 }
915 
916 static int
917 pcap_read_bpf(pcap_t *p, int cnt, pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
918 {
919 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
920 	int cc;
921 	int n = 0;
922 	register u_char *bp, *ep;
923 	u_char *datap;
924 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
925 	register u_int pad;
926 #endif
927 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
928 	int i;
929 #endif
930 
931  again:
932 	/*
933 	 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
934 	 */
935 	if (p->break_loop) {
936 		/*
937 		 * Yes - clear the flag that indicates that it
938 		 * has, and return PCAP_ERROR_BREAK to indicate
939 		 * that we were told to break out of the loop.
940 		 */
941 		p->break_loop = 0;
942 		return (PCAP_ERROR_BREAK);
943 	}
944 	cc = p->cc;
945 	if (p->cc == 0) {
946 		/*
947 		 * When reading without zero-copy from a file descriptor, we
948 		 * use a single buffer and return a length of data in the
949 		 * buffer.  With zero-copy, we update the p->buffer pointer
950 		 * to point at whatever underlying buffer contains the next
951 		 * data and update cc to reflect the data found in the
952 		 * buffer.
953 		 */
954 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
955 		if (pb->zerocopy) {
956 			if (p->buffer != NULL)
957 				pcap_ack_zbuf(p);
958 			i = pcap_next_zbuf(p, &cc);
959 			if (i == 0)
960 				goto again;
961 			if (i < 0)
962 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
963 		} else
964 #endif
965 		{
966 			cc = read(p->fd, p->buffer, p->bufsize);
967 		}
968 		if (cc < 0) {
969 			/* Don't choke when we get ptraced */
970 			switch (errno) {
971 
972 			case EINTR:
973 				goto again;
974 
975 #ifdef _AIX
976 			case EFAULT:
977 				/*
978 				 * Sigh.  More AIX wonderfulness.
979 				 *
980 				 * For some unknown reason the uiomove()
981 				 * operation in the bpf kernel extension
982 				 * used to copy the buffer into user
983 				 * space sometimes returns EFAULT. I have
984 				 * no idea why this is the case given that
985 				 * a kernel debugger shows the user buffer
986 				 * is correct. This problem appears to
987 				 * be mostly mitigated by the memset of
988 				 * the buffer before it is first used.
989 				 * Very strange.... Shaun Clowes
990 				 *
991 				 * In any case this means that we shouldn't
992 				 * treat EFAULT as a fatal error; as we
993 				 * don't have an API for returning
994 				 * a "some packets were dropped since
995 				 * the last packet you saw" indication,
996 				 * we just ignore EFAULT and keep reading.
997 				 */
998 				goto again;
999 #endif
1000 
1001 			case EWOULDBLOCK:
1002 				return (0);
1003 
1004 			case ENXIO:
1005 				/*
1006 				 * The device on which we're capturing
1007 				 * went away.
1008 				 *
1009 				 * XXX - we should really return
1010 				 * PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP, but
1011 				 * pcap_dispatch() etc. aren't
1012 				 * defined to retur that.
1013 				 */
1014 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1015 				    "The interface went down");
1016 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
1017 
1018 #if defined(sun) && !defined(BSD) && !defined(__svr4__) && !defined(__SVR4)
1019 			/*
1020 			 * Due to a SunOS bug, after 2^31 bytes, the kernel
1021 			 * file offset overflows and read fails with EINVAL.
1022 			 * The lseek() to 0 will fix things.
1023 			 */
1024 			case EINVAL:
1025 				if (lseek(p->fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) +
1026 				    p->bufsize < 0) {
1027 					(void)lseek(p->fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);
1028 					goto again;
1029 				}
1030 				/* fall through */
1031 #endif
1032 			}
1033 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "read: %s",
1034 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1035 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1036 		}
1037 		bp = (u_char *)p->buffer;
1038 	} else
1039 		bp = p->bp;
1040 
1041 	/*
1042 	 * Loop through each packet.
1043 	 */
1044 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
1045 #define bhp ((struct bpf_xhdr *)bp)
1046 #else
1047 #define bhp ((struct bpf_hdr *)bp)
1048 #endif
1049 	ep = bp + cc;
1050 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
1051 	pad = p->fddipad;
1052 #endif
1053 	while (bp < ep) {
1054 		register u_int caplen, hdrlen;
1055 
1056 		/*
1057 		 * Has "pcap_breakloop()" been called?
1058 		 * If so, return immediately - if we haven't read any
1059 		 * packets, clear the flag and return PCAP_ERROR_BREAK
1060 		 * to indicate that we were told to break out of the loop,
1061 		 * otherwise leave the flag set, so that the *next* call
1062 		 * will break out of the loop without having read any
1063 		 * packets, and return the number of packets we've
1064 		 * processed so far.
1065 		 */
1066 		if (p->break_loop) {
1067 			p->bp = bp;
1068 			p->cc = ep - bp;
1069 			/*
1070 			 * ep is set based on the return value of read(),
1071 			 * but read() from a BPF device doesn't necessarily
1072 			 * return a value that's a multiple of the alignment
1073 			 * value for BPF_WORDALIGN().  However, whenever we
1074 			 * increment bp, we round up the increment value by
1075 			 * a value rounded up by BPF_WORDALIGN(), so we
1076 			 * could increment bp past ep after processing the
1077 			 * last packet in the buffer.
1078 			 *
1079 			 * We treat ep < bp as an indication that this
1080 			 * happened, and just set p->cc to 0.
1081 			 */
1082 			if (p->cc < 0)
1083 				p->cc = 0;
1084 			if (n == 0) {
1085 				p->break_loop = 0;
1086 				return (PCAP_ERROR_BREAK);
1087 			} else
1088 				return (n);
1089 		}
1090 
1091 		caplen = bhp->bh_caplen;
1092 		hdrlen = bhp->bh_hdrlen;
1093 		datap = bp + hdrlen;
1094 		/*
1095 		 * Short-circuit evaluation: if using BPF filter
1096 		 * in kernel, no need to do it now - we already know
1097 		 * the packet passed the filter.
1098 		 *
1099 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
1100 		 * Note: the filter code was generated assuming
1101 		 * that p->fddipad was the amount of padding
1102 		 * before the header, as that's what's required
1103 		 * in the kernel, so we run the filter before
1104 		 * skipping that padding.
1105 #endif
1106 		 */
1107 		if (pb->filtering_in_kernel ||
1108 		    bpf_filter(p->fcode.bf_insns, datap, bhp->bh_datalen, caplen)) {
1109 			struct pcap_pkthdr pkthdr;
1110 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
1111 			struct bintime bt;
1112 
1113 			bt.sec = bhp->bh_tstamp.bt_sec;
1114 			bt.frac = bhp->bh_tstamp.bt_frac;
1115 			if (p->opt.tstamp_precision == PCAP_TSTAMP_PRECISION_NANO) {
1116 				struct timespec ts;
1117 
1118 				bintime2timespec(&bt, &ts);
1119 				pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = ts.tv_sec;
1120 				pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = ts.tv_nsec;
1121 			} else {
1122 				struct timeval tv;
1123 
1124 				bintime2timeval(&bt, &tv);
1125 				pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
1126 				pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;
1127 			}
1128 #else
1129 			pkthdr.ts.tv_sec = bhp->bh_tstamp.tv_sec;
1130 #ifdef _AIX
1131 			/*
1132 			 * AIX's BPF returns seconds/nanoseconds time
1133 			 * stamps, not seconds/microseconds time stamps.
1134 			 */
1135 			pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = bhp->bh_tstamp.tv_usec/1000;
1136 #else
1137 			pkthdr.ts.tv_usec = bhp->bh_tstamp.tv_usec;
1138 #endif
1139 #endif /* BIOCSTSTAMP */
1140 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
1141 			if (caplen > pad)
1142 				pkthdr.caplen = caplen - pad;
1143 			else
1144 				pkthdr.caplen = 0;
1145 			if (bhp->bh_datalen > pad)
1146 				pkthdr.len = bhp->bh_datalen - pad;
1147 			else
1148 				pkthdr.len = 0;
1149 			datap += pad;
1150 #else
1151 			pkthdr.caplen = caplen;
1152 			pkthdr.len = bhp->bh_datalen;
1153 #endif
1154 			(*callback)(user, &pkthdr, datap);
1155 			bp += BPF_WORDALIGN(caplen + hdrlen);
1156 			if (++n >= cnt && !PACKET_COUNT_IS_UNLIMITED(cnt)) {
1157 				p->bp = bp;
1158 				p->cc = ep - bp;
1159 				/*
1160 				 * See comment above about p->cc < 0.
1161 				 */
1162 				if (p->cc < 0)
1163 					p->cc = 0;
1164 				return (n);
1165 			}
1166 		} else {
1167 			/*
1168 			 * Skip this packet.
1169 			 */
1170 			bp += BPF_WORDALIGN(caplen + hdrlen);
1171 		}
1172 	}
1173 #undef bhp
1174 	p->cc = 0;
1175 	return (n);
1176 }
1177 
1178 static int
1179 pcap_inject_bpf(pcap_t *p, const void *buf, size_t size)
1180 {
1181 	int ret;
1182 
1183 	ret = write(p->fd, buf, size);
1184 #ifdef __APPLE__
1185 	if (ret == -1 && errno == EAFNOSUPPORT) {
1186 		/*
1187 		 * In Mac OS X, there's a bug wherein setting the
1188 		 * BIOCSHDRCMPLT flag causes writes to fail; see,
1189 		 * for example:
1190 		 *
1191 		 *	http://cerberus.sourcefire.com/~jeff/archives/patches/macosx/BIOCSHDRCMPLT-10.3.3.patch
1192 		 *
1193 		 * So, if, on OS X, we get EAFNOSUPPORT from the write, we
1194 		 * assume it's due to that bug, and turn off that flag
1195 		 * and try again.  If we succeed, it either means that
1196 		 * somebody applied the fix from that URL, or other patches
1197 		 * for that bug from
1198 		 *
1199 		 *	http://cerberus.sourcefire.com/~jeff/archives/patches/macosx/
1200 		 *
1201 		 * and are running a Darwin kernel with those fixes, or
1202 		 * that Apple fixed the problem in some OS X release.
1203 		 */
1204 		u_int spoof_eth_src = 0;
1205 
1206 		if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSHDRCMPLT, &spoof_eth_src) == -1) {
1207 			(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1208 			    "send: can't turn off BIOCSHDRCMPLT: %s",
1209 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1210 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1211 		}
1212 
1213 		/*
1214 		 * Now try the write again.
1215 		 */
1216 		ret = write(p->fd, buf, size);
1217 	}
1218 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
1219 	if (ret == -1) {
1220 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "send: %s",
1221 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1222 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1223 	}
1224 	return (ret);
1225 }
1226 
1227 #ifdef _AIX
1228 static int
1229 bpf_odminit(char *errbuf)
1230 {
1231 	char *errstr;
1232 
1233 	if (odm_initialize() == -1) {
1234 		if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1235 			errstr = "Unknown error";
1236 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1237 		    "bpf_load: odm_initialize failed: %s",
1238 		    errstr);
1239 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1240 	}
1241 
1242 	if ((odmlockid = odm_lock("/etc/objrepos/config_lock", ODM_WAIT)) == -1) {
1243 		if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1244 			errstr = "Unknown error";
1245 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1246 		    "bpf_load: odm_lock of /etc/objrepos/config_lock failed: %s",
1247 		    errstr);
1248 		(void)odm_terminate();
1249 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1250 	}
1251 
1252 	return (0);
1253 }
1254 
1255 static int
1256 bpf_odmcleanup(char *errbuf)
1257 {
1258 	char *errstr;
1259 
1260 	if (odm_unlock(odmlockid) == -1) {
1261 		if (errbuf != NULL) {
1262 			if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1263 				errstr = "Unknown error";
1264 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1265 			    "bpf_load: odm_unlock failed: %s",
1266 			    errstr);
1267 		}
1268 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1269 	}
1270 
1271 	if (odm_terminate() == -1) {
1272 		if (errbuf != NULL) {
1273 			if (odm_err_msg(odmerrno, &errstr) == -1)
1274 				errstr = "Unknown error";
1275 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1276 			    "bpf_load: odm_terminate failed: %s",
1277 			    errstr);
1278 		}
1279 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1280 	}
1281 
1282 	return (0);
1283 }
1284 
1285 static int
1286 bpf_load(char *errbuf)
1287 {
1288 	long major;
1289 	int *minors;
1290 	int numminors, i, rc;
1291 	char buf[1024];
1292 	struct stat sbuf;
1293 	struct bpf_config cfg_bpf;
1294 	struct cfg_load cfg_ld;
1295 	struct cfg_kmod cfg_km;
1296 
1297 	/*
1298 	 * This is very very close to what happens in the real implementation
1299 	 * but I've fixed some (unlikely) bug situations.
1300 	 */
1301 	if (bpfloadedflag)
1302 		return (0);
1303 
1304 	if (bpf_odminit(errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR)
1305 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1306 
1307 	major = genmajor(BPF_NAME);
1308 	if (major == -1) {
1309 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1310 		    "bpf_load: genmajor failed: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
1311 		(void)bpf_odmcleanup(NULL);
1312 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1313 	}
1314 
1315 	minors = getminor(major, &numminors, BPF_NAME);
1316 	if (!minors) {
1317 		minors = genminor("bpf", major, 0, BPF_MINORS, 1, 1);
1318 		if (!minors) {
1319 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1320 			    "bpf_load: genminor failed: %s",
1321 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1322 			(void)bpf_odmcleanup(NULL);
1323 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1324 		}
1325 	}
1326 
1327 	if (bpf_odmcleanup(errbuf) == PCAP_ERROR)
1328 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1329 
1330 	rc = stat(BPF_NODE "0", &sbuf);
1331 	if (rc == -1 && errno != ENOENT) {
1332 		pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1333 		    "bpf_load: can't stat %s: %s",
1334 		    BPF_NODE "0", pcap_strerror(errno));
1335 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1336 	}
1337 
1338 	if (rc == -1 || getmajor(sbuf.st_rdev) != major) {
1339 		for (i = 0; i < BPF_MINORS; i++) {
1340 			sprintf(buf, "%s%d", BPF_NODE, i);
1341 			unlink(buf);
1342 			if (mknod(buf, S_IRUSR | S_IFCHR, domakedev(major, i)) == -1) {
1343 				pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1344 				    "bpf_load: can't mknod %s: %s",
1345 				    buf, pcap_strerror(errno));
1346 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
1347 			}
1348 		}
1349 	}
1350 
1351 	/* Check if the driver is loaded */
1352 	memset(&cfg_ld, 0x0, sizeof(cfg_ld));
1353 	cfg_ld.path = buf;
1354 	sprintf(cfg_ld.path, "%s/%s", DRIVER_PATH, BPF_NAME);
1355 	if ((sysconfig(SYS_QUERYLOAD, (void *)&cfg_ld, sizeof(cfg_ld)) == -1) ||
1356 	    (cfg_ld.kmid == 0)) {
1357 		/* Driver isn't loaded, load it now */
1358 		if (sysconfig(SYS_SINGLELOAD, (void *)&cfg_ld, sizeof(cfg_ld)) == -1) {
1359 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1360 			    "bpf_load: could not load driver: %s",
1361 			    strerror(errno));
1362 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1363 		}
1364 	}
1365 
1366 	/* Configure the driver */
1367 	cfg_km.cmd = CFG_INIT;
1368 	cfg_km.kmid = cfg_ld.kmid;
1369 	cfg_km.mdilen = sizeof(cfg_bpf);
1370 	cfg_km.mdiptr = (void *)&cfg_bpf;
1371 	for (i = 0; i < BPF_MINORS; i++) {
1372 		cfg_bpf.devno = domakedev(major, i);
1373 		if (sysconfig(SYS_CFGKMOD, (void *)&cfg_km, sizeof(cfg_km)) == -1) {
1374 			pcap_snprintf(errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1375 			    "bpf_load: could not configure driver: %s",
1376 			    strerror(errno));
1377 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
1378 		}
1379 	}
1380 
1381 	bpfloadedflag = 1;
1382 
1383 	return (0);
1384 }
1385 #endif
1386 
1387 /*
1388  * Undo any operations done when opening the device when necessary.
1389  */
1390 static void
1391 pcap_cleanup_bpf(pcap_t *p)
1392 {
1393 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
1394 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
1395 	int sock;
1396 	struct ifmediareq req;
1397 	struct ifreq ifr;
1398 #endif
1399 
1400 	if (pb->must_do_on_close != 0) {
1401 		/*
1402 		 * There's something we have to do when closing this
1403 		 * pcap_t.
1404 		 */
1405 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
1406 		if (pb->must_do_on_close & MUST_CLEAR_RFMON) {
1407 			/*
1408 			 * We put the interface into rfmon mode;
1409 			 * take it out of rfmon mode.
1410 			 *
1411 			 * XXX - if somebody else wants it in rfmon
1412 			 * mode, this code cannot know that, so it'll take
1413 			 * it out of rfmon mode.
1414 			 */
1415 			sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1416 			if (sock == -1) {
1417 				fprintf(stderr,
1418 				    "Can't restore interface flags (socket() failed: %s).\n"
1419 				    "Please adjust manually.\n",
1420 				    strerror(errno));
1421 			} else {
1422 				memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
1423 				strncpy(req.ifm_name, pb->device,
1424 				    sizeof(req.ifm_name));
1425 				if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMEDIA, &req) < 0) {
1426 					fprintf(stderr,
1427 					    "Can't restore interface flags (SIOCGIFMEDIA failed: %s).\n"
1428 					    "Please adjust manually.\n",
1429 					    strerror(errno));
1430 				} else {
1431 					if (req.ifm_current & IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR) {
1432 						/*
1433 						 * Rfmon mode is currently on;
1434 						 * turn it off.
1435 						 */
1436 						memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
1437 						(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name,
1438 						    pb->device,
1439 						    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1440 						ifr.ifr_media =
1441 						    req.ifm_current & ~IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR;
1442 						if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFMEDIA,
1443 						    &ifr) == -1) {
1444 							fprintf(stderr,
1445 							    "Can't restore interface flags (SIOCSIFMEDIA failed: %s).\n"
1446 							    "Please adjust manually.\n",
1447 							    strerror(errno));
1448 						}
1449 					}
1450 				}
1451 				close(sock);
1452 			}
1453 		}
1454 #endif /* HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211 */
1455 
1456 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
1457 		/*
1458 		 * Attempt to destroy the usbusN interface that we created.
1459 		 */
1460 		if (pb->must_do_on_close & MUST_DESTROY_USBUS) {
1461 			if (if_nametoindex(pb->device) > 0) {
1462 				int s;
1463 
1464 				s = socket(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1465 				if (s >= 0) {
1466 					strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, pb->device,
1467 					    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1468 					ioctl(s, SIOCIFDESTROY, &ifr);
1469 					close(s);
1470 				}
1471 			}
1472 		}
1473 #endif /* defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2) */
1474 		/*
1475 		 * Take this pcap out of the list of pcaps for which we
1476 		 * have to take the interface out of some mode.
1477 		 */
1478 		pcap_remove_from_pcaps_to_close(p);
1479 		pb->must_do_on_close = 0;
1480 	}
1481 
1482 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
1483 	if (pb->zerocopy) {
1484 		/*
1485 		 * Delete the mappings.  Note that p->buffer gets
1486 		 * initialized to one of the mmapped regions in
1487 		 * this case, so do not try and free it directly;
1488 		 * null it out so that pcap_cleanup_live_common()
1489 		 * doesn't try to free it.
1490 		 */
1491 		if (pb->zbuf1 != MAP_FAILED && pb->zbuf1 != NULL)
1492 			(void) munmap(pb->zbuf1, pb->zbufsize);
1493 		if (pb->zbuf2 != MAP_FAILED && pb->zbuf2 != NULL)
1494 			(void) munmap(pb->zbuf2, pb->zbufsize);
1495 		p->buffer = NULL;
1496 		p->buffer = NULL;
1497 	}
1498 #endif
1499 	if (pb->device != NULL) {
1500 		free(pb->device);
1501 		pb->device = NULL;
1502 	}
1503 	pcap_cleanup_live_common(p);
1504 }
1505 
1506 static int
1507 check_setif_failure(pcap_t *p, int error)
1508 {
1509 #ifdef __APPLE__
1510 	int fd;
1511 	struct ifreq ifr;
1512 	int err;
1513 #endif
1514 
1515 	if (error == ENXIO) {
1516 		/*
1517 		 * No such device exists.
1518 		 */
1519 #ifdef __APPLE__
1520 		if (p->opt.rfmon && strncmp(p->opt.device, "wlt", 3) == 0) {
1521 			/*
1522 			 * Monitor mode was requested, and we're trying
1523 			 * to open a "wltN" device.  Assume that this
1524 			 * is 10.4 and that we were asked to open an
1525 			 * "enN" device; if that device exists, return
1526 			 * "monitor mode not supported on the device".
1527 			 */
1528 			fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1529 			if (fd != -1) {
1530 				strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, "en",
1531 				    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1532 				strlcat(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device + 3,
1533 				    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1534 				if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, (char *)&ifr) < 0) {
1535 					/*
1536 					 * We assume this failed because
1537 					 * the underlying device doesn't
1538 					 * exist.
1539 					 */
1540 					err = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1541 					pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1542 					    "SIOCGIFFLAGS on %s failed: %s",
1543 					    ifr.ifr_name, pcap_strerror(errno));
1544 				} else {
1545 					/*
1546 					 * The underlying "enN" device
1547 					 * exists, but there's no
1548 					 * corresponding "wltN" device;
1549 					 * that means that the "enN"
1550 					 * device doesn't support
1551 					 * monitor mode, probably because
1552 					 * it's an Ethernet device rather
1553 					 * than a wireless device.
1554 					 */
1555 					err = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
1556 				}
1557 				close(fd);
1558 			} else {
1559 				/*
1560 				 * We can't find out whether there's
1561 				 * an underlying "enN" device, so
1562 				 * just report "no such device".
1563 				 */
1564 				err = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1565 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1566 				    "socket() failed: %s",
1567 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
1568 			}
1569 			return (err);
1570 		}
1571 #endif
1572 		/*
1573 		 * No such device.
1574 		 */
1575 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETIF failed: %s",
1576 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1577 		return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
1578 	} else if (errno == ENETDOWN) {
1579 		/*
1580 		 * Return a "network down" indication, so that
1581 		 * the application can report that rather than
1582 		 * saying we had a mysterious failure and
1583 		 * suggest that they report a problem to the
1584 		 * libpcap developers.
1585 		 */
1586 		return (PCAP_ERROR_IFACE_NOT_UP);
1587 	} else {
1588 		/*
1589 		 * Some other error; fill in the error string, and
1590 		 * return PCAP_ERROR.
1591 		 */
1592 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s",
1593 		    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
1594 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
1595 	}
1596 }
1597 
1598 /*
1599  * Default capture buffer size.
1600  * 32K isn't very much for modern machines with fast networks; we
1601  * pick .5M, as that's the maximum on at least some systems with BPF.
1602  *
1603  * However, on AIX 3.5, the larger buffer sized caused unrecoverable
1604  * read failures under stress, so we leave it as 32K; yet another
1605  * place where AIX's BPF is broken.
1606  */
1607 #ifdef _AIX
1608 #define DEFAULT_BUFSIZE	32768
1609 #else
1610 #define DEFAULT_BUFSIZE	524288
1611 #endif
1612 
1613 static int
1614 pcap_activate_bpf(pcap_t *p)
1615 {
1616 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
1617 	int status = 0;
1618 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
1619 	int retv;
1620 #endif
1621 	int fd;
1622 #ifdef LIFNAMSIZ
1623 	char *zonesep;
1624 	struct lifreq ifr;
1625 	char *ifrname = ifr.lifr_name;
1626 	const size_t ifnamsiz = sizeof(ifr.lifr_name);
1627 #else
1628 	struct ifreq ifr;
1629 	char *ifrname = ifr.ifr_name;
1630 	const size_t ifnamsiz = sizeof(ifr.ifr_name);
1631 #endif
1632 	struct bpf_version bv;
1633 #ifdef __APPLE__
1634 	int sockfd;
1635 	char *wltdev = NULL;
1636 #endif
1637 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
1638 	struct bpf_dltlist bdl;
1639 #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
1640 	int new_dlt;
1641 #endif
1642 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
1643 #if defined(BIOCGHDRCMPLT) && defined(BIOCSHDRCMPLT)
1644 	u_int spoof_eth_src = 1;
1645 #endif
1646 	u_int v;
1647 	struct bpf_insn total_insn;
1648 	struct bpf_program total_prog;
1649 	struct utsname osinfo;
1650 
1651 #ifdef HAVE_DAG_API
1652 	if (strstr(device, "dag")) {
1653 		return dag_open_live(device, snaplen, promisc, to_ms, ebuf);
1654 	}
1655 #endif /* HAVE_DAG_API */
1656 
1657 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
1658 	memset(&bdl, 0, sizeof(bdl));
1659 	int have_osinfo = 0;
1660 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
1661 	struct bpf_zbuf bz;
1662 	u_int bufmode, zbufmax;
1663 #endif
1664 
1665 	fd = bpf_open(p->errbuf);
1666 	if (fd < 0) {
1667 		status = fd;
1668 		goto bad;
1669 	}
1670 
1671 	p->fd = fd;
1672 
1673 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCVERSION, (caddr_t)&bv) < 0) {
1674 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCVERSION: %s",
1675 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1676 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1677 		goto bad;
1678 	}
1679 	if (bv.bv_major != BPF_MAJOR_VERSION ||
1680 	    bv.bv_minor < BPF_MINOR_VERSION) {
1681 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1682 		    "kernel bpf filter out of date");
1683 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1684 		goto bad;
1685 	}
1686 
1687 #if defined(LIFNAMSIZ) && defined(ZONENAME_MAX) && defined(lifr_zoneid)
1688 	/*
1689 	 * Retrieve the zoneid of the zone we are currently executing in.
1690 	 */
1691 	if ((ifr.lifr_zoneid = getzoneid()) == -1) {
1692 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "getzoneid(): %s",
1693 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
1694 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1695 		goto bad;
1696 	}
1697 	/*
1698 	 * Check if the given source datalink name has a '/' separated
1699 	 * zonename prefix string.  The zonename prefixed source datalink can
1700 	 * be used by pcap consumers in the Solaris global zone to capture
1701 	 * traffic on datalinks in non-global zones.  Non-global zones
1702 	 * do not have access to datalinks outside of their own namespace.
1703 	 */
1704 	if ((zonesep = strchr(p->opt.device, '/')) != NULL) {
1705 		char path_zname[ZONENAME_MAX];
1706 		int  znamelen;
1707 		char *lnamep;
1708 
1709 		if (ifr.lifr_zoneid != GLOBAL_ZONEID) {
1710 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1711 			    "zonename/linkname only valid in global zone.");
1712 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1713 			goto bad;
1714 		}
1715 		znamelen = zonesep - p->opt.device;
1716 		(void) strlcpy(path_zname, p->opt.device, znamelen + 1);
1717 		ifr.lifr_zoneid = getzoneidbyname(path_zname);
1718 		if (ifr.lifr_zoneid == -1) {
1719 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1720 			    "getzoneidbyname(%s): %s", path_zname,
1721 			pcap_strerror(errno));
1722 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1723 			goto bad;
1724 		}
1725 		lnamep = strdup(zonesep + 1);
1726 		if (lnamep == NULL) {
1727 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "strdup: %s",
1728 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1729 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1730 			goto bad;
1731 		}
1732 		free(p->opt.device);
1733 		p->opt.device = lnamep;
1734 	}
1735 #endif
1736 
1737 	pb->device = strdup(p->opt.device);
1738 	if (pb->device == NULL) {
1739 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "strdup: %s",
1740 		     pcap_strerror(errno));
1741 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
1742 		goto bad;
1743 	}
1744 
1745 	/*
1746 	 * Try finding a good size for the buffer; 32768 may be too
1747 	 * big, so keep cutting it in half until we find a size
1748 	 * that works, or run out of sizes to try.  If the default
1749 	 * is larger, don't make it smaller.
1750 	 *
1751 	 * XXX - there should be a user-accessible hook to set the
1752 	 * initial buffer size.
1753 	 * Attempt to find out the version of the OS on which we're running.
1754 	 */
1755 	if (uname(&osinfo) == 0)
1756 		have_osinfo = 1;
1757 
1758 #ifdef __APPLE__
1759 	/*
1760 	 * See comment in pcap_can_set_rfmon_bpf() for an explanation
1761 	 * of why we check the version number.
1762 	 */
1763 	if (p->opt.rfmon) {
1764 		if (have_osinfo) {
1765 			/*
1766 			 * We assume osinfo.sysname is "Darwin", because
1767 			 * __APPLE__ is defined.  We just check the version.
1768 			 */
1769 			if (osinfo.release[0] < '8' &&
1770 			    osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
1771 				/*
1772 				 * 10.3 (Darwin 7.x) or earlier.
1773 				 */
1774 				status = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
1775 				goto bad;
1776 			}
1777 			if (osinfo.release[0] == '8' &&
1778 			    osinfo.release[1] == '.') {
1779 				/*
1780 				 * 10.4 (Darwin 8.x).  s/en/wlt/
1781 				 */
1782 				if (strncmp(p->opt.device, "en", 2) != 0) {
1783 					/*
1784 					 * Not an enN device; check
1785 					 * whether the device even exists.
1786 					 */
1787 					sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1788 					if (sockfd != -1) {
1789 						strlcpy(ifrname,
1790 						    p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
1791 						if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS,
1792 						    (char *)&ifr) < 0) {
1793 							/*
1794 							 * We assume this
1795 							 * failed because
1796 							 * the underlying
1797 							 * device doesn't
1798 							 * exist.
1799 							 */
1800 							status = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1801 							pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf,
1802 							    PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1803 							    "SIOCGIFFLAGS failed: %s",
1804 							    pcap_strerror(errno));
1805 						} else
1806 							status = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
1807 						close(sockfd);
1808 					} else {
1809 						/*
1810 						 * We can't find out whether
1811 						 * the device exists, so just
1812 						 * report "no such device".
1813 						 */
1814 						status = PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE;
1815 						pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf,
1816 						    PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1817 						    "socket() failed: %s",
1818 						    pcap_strerror(errno));
1819 					}
1820 					goto bad;
1821 				}
1822 				wltdev = malloc(strlen(p->opt.device) + 2);
1823 				if (wltdev == NULL) {
1824 					(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf,
1825 					    PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
1826 					    pcap_strerror(errno));
1827 					status = PCAP_ERROR;
1828 					goto bad;
1829 				}
1830 				strcpy(wltdev, "wlt");
1831 				strcat(wltdev, p->opt.device + 2);
1832 				free(p->opt.device);
1833 				p->opt.device = wltdev;
1834 			}
1835 			/*
1836 			 * Everything else is 10.5 or later; for those,
1837 			 * we just open the enN device, and set the DLT.
1838 			 */
1839 		}
1840 	}
1841 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
1842 
1843 	/*
1844 	 * If this is FreeBSD, and the device name begins with "usbus",
1845 	 * try to create the interface if it's not available.
1846 	 */
1847 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
1848 	if (strncmp(p->opt.device, usbus_prefix, USBUS_PREFIX_LEN) == 0) {
1849 		/*
1850 		 * Do we already have an interface with that name?
1851 		 */
1852 		if (if_nametoindex(p->opt.device) == 0) {
1853 			/*
1854 			 * No.  We need to create it, and, if we
1855 			 * succeed, remember that we should destroy
1856 			 * it when the pcap_t is closed.
1857 			 */
1858 			int s;
1859 
1860 			/*
1861 			 * Open a socket to use for ioctls to
1862 			 * create the interface.
1863 			 */
1864 			s = socket(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
1865 			if (s < 0) {
1866 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1867 				    "Can't open socket: %s",
1868 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
1869 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1870 				goto bad;
1871 			}
1872 
1873 			/*
1874 			 * If we haven't already done so, arrange to have
1875 			 * "pcap_close_all()" called when we exit.
1876 			 */
1877 			if (!pcap_do_addexit(p)) {
1878 				/*
1879 				 * "atexit()" failed; don't create the
1880 				 * interface, just give up.
1881 				 */
1882 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1883 				     "atexit failed");
1884 				close(s);
1885 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1886 				goto bad;
1887 			}
1888 
1889 			/*
1890 			 * Create the interface.
1891 			 */
1892 			strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
1893 			if (ioctl(s, SIOCIFCREATE2, &ifr) < 0) {
1894 				if (errno == EINVAL) {
1895 					pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1896 					    "Invalid USB bus interface %s",
1897 					    p->opt.device);
1898 				} else {
1899 					pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
1900 					    "Can't create interface for %s: %s",
1901 					    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
1902 				}
1903 				close(s);
1904 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
1905 				goto bad;
1906 			}
1907 
1908 			/*
1909 			 * Make sure we clean this up when we close.
1910 			 */
1911 			pb->must_do_on_close |= MUST_DESTROY_USBUS;
1912 
1913 			/*
1914 			 * Add this to the list of pcaps to close when we exit.
1915 			 */
1916 			pcap_add_to_pcaps_to_close(p);
1917 		}
1918 	}
1919 #endif /* defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2) */
1920 
1921 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
1922 	/*
1923 	 * If the BPF extension to set buffer mode is present, try setting
1924 	 * the mode to zero-copy.  If that fails, use regular buffering.  If
1925 	 * it succeeds but other setup fails, return an error to the user.
1926 	 */
1927 	bufmode = BPF_BUFMODE_ZBUF;
1928 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETBUFMODE, (caddr_t)&bufmode) == 0) {
1929 		/*
1930 		 * We have zerocopy BPF; use it.
1931 		 */
1932 		pb->zerocopy = 1;
1933 
1934 		/*
1935 		 * How to pick a buffer size: first, query the maximum buffer
1936 		 * size supported by zero-copy.  This also lets us quickly
1937 		 * determine whether the kernel generally supports zero-copy.
1938 		 * Then, if a buffer size was specified, use that, otherwise
1939 		 * query the default buffer size, which reflects kernel
1940 		 * policy for a desired default.  Round to the nearest page
1941 		 * size.
1942 		 */
1943 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGETZMAX, (caddr_t)&zbufmax) < 0) {
1944 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGETZMAX: %s",
1945 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1946 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1947 			goto bad;
1948 		}
1949 
1950 		if (p->opt.buffer_size != 0) {
1951 			/*
1952 			 * A buffer size was explicitly specified; use it.
1953 			 */
1954 			v = p->opt.buffer_size;
1955 		} else {
1956 			if ((ioctl(fd, BIOCGBLEN, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) ||
1957 			    v < DEFAULT_BUFSIZE)
1958 				v = DEFAULT_BUFSIZE;
1959 		}
1960 #ifndef roundup
1961 #define roundup(x, y)   ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y))  /* to any y */
1962 #endif
1963 		pb->zbufsize = roundup(v, getpagesize());
1964 		if (pb->zbufsize > zbufmax)
1965 			pb->zbufsize = zbufmax;
1966 		pb->zbuf1 = mmap(NULL, pb->zbufsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1967 		    MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
1968 		pb->zbuf2 = mmap(NULL, pb->zbufsize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
1969 		    MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
1970 		if (pb->zbuf1 == MAP_FAILED || pb->zbuf2 == MAP_FAILED) {
1971 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "mmap: %s",
1972 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1973 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1974 			goto bad;
1975 		}
1976 		memset(&bz, 0, sizeof(bz)); /* bzero() deprecated, replaced with memset() */
1977 		bz.bz_bufa = pb->zbuf1;
1978 		bz.bz_bufb = pb->zbuf2;
1979 		bz.bz_buflen = pb->zbufsize;
1980 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETZBUF, (caddr_t)&bz) < 0) {
1981 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETZBUF: %s",
1982 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
1983 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1984 			goto bad;
1985 		}
1986 		(void)strncpy(ifrname, p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
1987 		if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0) {
1988 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETIF: %s: %s",
1989 			    p->opt.device, pcap_strerror(errno));
1990 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
1991 			goto bad;
1992 		}
1993 		v = pb->zbufsize - sizeof(struct bpf_zbuf_header);
1994 	} else
1995 #endif
1996 	{
1997 		/*
1998 		 * We don't have zerocopy BPF.
1999 		 * Set the buffer size.
2000 		 */
2001 		if (p->opt.buffer_size != 0) {
2002 			/*
2003 			 * A buffer size was explicitly specified; use it.
2004 			 */
2005 			if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSBLEN,
2006 			    (caddr_t)&p->opt.buffer_size) < 0) {
2007 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2008 				    "BIOCSBLEN: %s: %s", p->opt.device,
2009 				    pcap_strerror(errno));
2010 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2011 				goto bad;
2012 			}
2013 
2014 			/*
2015 			 * Now bind to the device.
2016 			 */
2017 			(void)strncpy(ifrname, p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
2018 #ifdef BIOCSETLIF
2019 			if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETLIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
2020 #else
2021 			if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) < 0)
2022 #endif
2023 			{
2024 				status = check_setif_failure(p, errno);
2025 				goto bad;
2026 			}
2027 		} else {
2028 			/*
2029 			 * No buffer size was explicitly specified.
2030 			 *
2031 			 * Try finding a good size for the buffer;
2032 			 * DEFAULT_BUFSIZE may be too big, so keep
2033 			 * cutting it in half until we find a size
2034 			 * that works, or run out of sizes to try.
2035 			 * If the default is larger, don't make it smaller.
2036 			 */
2037 			if ((ioctl(fd, BIOCGBLEN, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) ||
2038 			    v < DEFAULT_BUFSIZE)
2039 				v = DEFAULT_BUFSIZE;
2040 			for ( ; v != 0; v >>= 1) {
2041 				/*
2042 				 * Ignore the return value - this is because the
2043 				 * call fails on BPF systems that don't have
2044 				 * kernel malloc.  And if the call fails, it's
2045 				 * no big deal, we just continue to use the
2046 				 * standard buffer size.
2047 				 */
2048 				(void) ioctl(fd, BIOCSBLEN, (caddr_t)&v);
2049 
2050 				(void)strncpy(ifrname, p->opt.device, ifnamsiz);
2051 #ifdef BIOCSETLIF
2052 				if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETLIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) >= 0)
2053 #else
2054 				if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSETIF, (caddr_t)&ifr) >= 0)
2055 #endif
2056 					break;	/* that size worked; we're done */
2057 
2058 				if (errno != ENOBUFS) {
2059 					status = check_setif_failure(p, errno);
2060 					goto bad;
2061 				}
2062 			}
2063 
2064 			if (v == 0) {
2065 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2066 				    "BIOCSBLEN: %s: No buffer size worked",
2067 				    p->opt.device);
2068 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2069 				goto bad;
2070 			}
2071 		}
2072 	}
2073 #endif
2074 
2075 	/* Get the data link layer type. */
2076 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGDLT, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) {
2077 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGDLT: %s",
2078 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2079 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2080 		goto bad;
2081 	}
2082 
2083 #ifdef _AIX
2084 	/*
2085 	 * AIX's BPF returns IFF_ types, not DLT_ types, in BIOCGDLT.
2086 	 */
2087 	switch (v) {
2088 
2089 	case IFT_ETHER:
2090 	case IFT_ISO88023:
2091 		v = DLT_EN10MB;
2092 		break;
2093 
2094 	case IFT_FDDI:
2095 		v = DLT_FDDI;
2096 		break;
2097 
2098 	case IFT_ISO88025:
2099 		v = DLT_IEEE802;
2100 		break;
2101 
2102 	case IFT_LOOP:
2103 		v = DLT_NULL;
2104 		break;
2105 
2106 	default:
2107 		/*
2108 		 * We don't know what to map this to yet.
2109 		 */
2110 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "unknown interface type %u",
2111 		    v);
2112 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2113 		goto bad;
2114 	}
2115 #endif
2116 #if _BSDI_VERSION - 0 >= 199510
2117 	/* The SLIP and PPP link layer header changed in BSD/OS 2.1 */
2118 	switch (v) {
2119 
2120 	case DLT_SLIP:
2121 		v = DLT_SLIP_BSDOS;
2122 		break;
2123 
2124 	case DLT_PPP:
2125 		v = DLT_PPP_BSDOS;
2126 		break;
2127 
2128 	case 11:	/*DLT_FR*/
2129 		v = DLT_FRELAY;
2130 		break;
2131 
2132 	case 12:	/*DLT_C_HDLC*/
2133 		v = DLT_CHDLC;
2134 		break;
2135 	}
2136 #endif
2137 
2138 #ifdef BIOCGDLTLIST
2139 	/*
2140 	 * We know the default link type -- now determine all the DLTs
2141 	 * this interface supports.  If this fails with EINVAL, it's
2142 	 * not fatal; we just don't get to use the feature later.
2143 	 */
2144 	if (get_dlt_list(fd, v, &bdl, p->errbuf) == -1) {
2145 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2146 		goto bad;
2147 	}
2148 	p->dlt_count = bdl.bfl_len;
2149 	p->dlt_list = bdl.bfl_list;
2150 
2151 #ifdef __APPLE__
2152 	/*
2153 	 * Monitor mode fun, continued.
2154 	 *
2155 	 * For 10.5 and, we're assuming, later releases, as noted above,
2156 	 * 802.1 adapters that support monitor mode offer both DLT_EN10MB,
2157 	 * DLT_IEEE802_11, and possibly some 802.11-plus-radio-information
2158 	 * DLT_ value.  Choosing one of the 802.11 DLT_ values will turn
2159 	 * monitor mode on.
2160 	 *
2161 	 * Therefore, if the user asked for monitor mode, we filter out
2162 	 * the DLT_EN10MB value, as you can't get that in monitor mode,
2163 	 * and, if the user didn't ask for monitor mode, we filter out
2164 	 * the 802.11 DLT_ values, because selecting those will turn
2165 	 * monitor mode on.  Then, for monitor mode, if an 802.11-plus-
2166 	 * radio DLT_ value is offered, we try to select that, otherwise
2167 	 * we try to select DLT_IEEE802_11.
2168 	 */
2169 	if (have_osinfo) {
2170 		if (isdigit((unsigned)osinfo.release[0]) &&
2171 		     (osinfo.release[0] == '9' ||
2172 		     isdigit((unsigned)osinfo.release[1]))) {
2173 			/*
2174 			 * 10.5 (Darwin 9.x), or later.
2175 			 */
2176 			new_dlt = find_802_11(&bdl);
2177 			if (new_dlt != -1) {
2178 				/*
2179 				 * We have at least one 802.11 DLT_ value,
2180 				 * so this is an 802.11 interface.
2181 				 * new_dlt is the best of the 802.11
2182 				 * DLT_ values in the list.
2183 				 */
2184 				if (p->opt.rfmon) {
2185 					/*
2186 					 * Our caller wants monitor mode.
2187 					 * Purge DLT_EN10MB from the list
2188 					 * of link-layer types, as selecting
2189 					 * it will keep monitor mode off.
2190 					 */
2191 					remove_en(p);
2192 
2193 					/*
2194 					 * If the new mode we want isn't
2195 					 * the default mode, attempt to
2196 					 * select the new mode.
2197 					 */
2198 					if ((u_int)new_dlt != v) {
2199 						if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDLT,
2200 						    &new_dlt) != -1) {
2201 							/*
2202 							 * We succeeded;
2203 							 * make this the
2204 							 * new DLT_ value.
2205 							 */
2206 							v = new_dlt;
2207 						}
2208 					}
2209 				} else {
2210 					/*
2211 					 * Our caller doesn't want
2212 					 * monitor mode.  Unless this
2213 					 * is being done by pcap_open_live(),
2214 					 * purge the 802.11 link-layer types
2215 					 * from the list, as selecting
2216 					 * one of them will turn monitor
2217 					 * mode on.
2218 					 */
2219 					if (!p->oldstyle)
2220 						remove_802_11(p);
2221 				}
2222 			} else {
2223 				if (p->opt.rfmon) {
2224 					/*
2225 					 * The caller requested monitor
2226 					 * mode, but we have no 802.11
2227 					 * link-layer types, so they
2228 					 * can't have it.
2229 					 */
2230 					status = PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP;
2231 					goto bad;
2232 				}
2233 			}
2234 		}
2235 	}
2236 #elif defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)
2237 	/*
2238 	 * *BSD with the new 802.11 ioctls.
2239 	 * Do we want monitor mode?
2240 	 */
2241 	if (p->opt.rfmon) {
2242 		/*
2243 		 * Try to put the interface into monitor mode.
2244 		 */
2245 		retv = monitor_mode(p, 1);
2246 		if (retv != 0) {
2247 			/*
2248 			 * We failed.
2249 			 */
2250 			status = retv;
2251 			goto bad;
2252 		}
2253 
2254 		/*
2255 		 * We're in monitor mode.
2256 		 * Try to find the best 802.11 DLT_ value and, if we
2257 		 * succeed, try to switch to that mode if we're not
2258 		 * already in that mode.
2259 		 */
2260 		new_dlt = find_802_11(&bdl);
2261 		if (new_dlt != -1) {
2262 			/*
2263 			 * We have at least one 802.11 DLT_ value.
2264 			 * new_dlt is the best of the 802.11
2265 			 * DLT_ values in the list.
2266 			 *
2267 			 * If the new mode we want isn't the default mode,
2268 			 * attempt to select the new mode.
2269 			 */
2270 			if ((u_int)new_dlt != v) {
2271 				if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDLT, &new_dlt) != -1) {
2272 					/*
2273 					 * We succeeded; make this the
2274 					 * new DLT_ value.
2275 					 */
2276 					v = new_dlt;
2277 				}
2278 			}
2279 		}
2280 	}
2281 #endif /* various platforms */
2282 #endif /* BIOCGDLTLIST */
2283 
2284 	/*
2285 	 * If this is an Ethernet device, and we don't have a DLT_ list,
2286 	 * give it a list with DLT_EN10MB and DLT_DOCSIS.  (That'd give
2287 	 * 802.11 interfaces DLT_DOCSIS, which isn't the right thing to
2288 	 * do, but there's not much we can do about that without finding
2289 	 * some other way of determining whether it's an Ethernet or 802.11
2290 	 * device.)
2291 	 */
2292 	if (v == DLT_EN10MB && p->dlt_count == 0) {
2293 		p->dlt_list = (u_int *) malloc(sizeof(u_int) * 2);
2294 		/*
2295 		 * If that fails, just leave the list empty.
2296 		 */
2297 		if (p->dlt_list != NULL) {
2298 			p->dlt_list[0] = DLT_EN10MB;
2299 			p->dlt_list[1] = DLT_DOCSIS;
2300 			p->dlt_count = 2;
2301 		}
2302 	}
2303 #ifdef PCAP_FDDIPAD
2304 	if (v == DLT_FDDI)
2305 		p->fddipad = PCAP_FDDIPAD;
2306 	else
2307 #endif
2308 		p->fddipad = 0;
2309 	p->linktype = v;
2310 
2311 #if defined(BIOCGHDRCMPLT) && defined(BIOCSHDRCMPLT)
2312 	/*
2313 	 * Do a BIOCSHDRCMPLT, if defined, to turn that flag on, so
2314 	 * the link-layer source address isn't forcibly overwritten.
2315 	 * (Should we ignore errors?  Should we do this only if
2316 	 * we're open for writing?)
2317 	 *
2318 	 * XXX - I seem to remember some packet-sending bug in some
2319 	 * BSDs - check CVS log for "bpf.c"?
2320 	 */
2321 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCSHDRCMPLT, &spoof_eth_src) == -1) {
2322 		(void)pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2323 		    "BIOCSHDRCMPLT: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2324 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2325 		goto bad;
2326 	}
2327 #endif
2328 	/* set timeout */
2329 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
2330 	/*
2331 	 * In zero-copy mode, we just use the timeout in select().
2332 	 * XXX - what if we're in non-blocking mode and the *application*
2333 	 * is using select() or poll() or kqueues or....?
2334 	 */
2335 	if (p->opt.timeout && !pb->zerocopy) {
2336 #else
2337 	if (p->opt.timeout) {
2338 #endif
2339 		/*
2340 		 * XXX - is this seconds/nanoseconds in AIX?
2341 		 * (Treating it as such doesn't fix the timeout
2342 		 * problem described below.)
2343 		 *
2344 		 * XXX - Mac OS X 10.6 mishandles BIOCSRTIMEOUT in
2345 		 * 64-bit userland - it takes, as an argument, a
2346 		 * "struct BPF_TIMEVAL", which has 32-bit tv_sec
2347 		 * and tv_usec, rather than a "struct timeval".
2348 		 *
2349 		 * If this platform defines "struct BPF_TIMEVAL",
2350 		 * we check whether the structure size in BIOCSRTIMEOUT
2351 		 * is that of a "struct timeval" and, if not, we use
2352 		 * a "struct BPF_TIMEVAL" rather than a "struct timeval".
2353 		 * (That way, if the bug is fixed in a future release,
2354 		 * we will still do the right thing.)
2355 		 */
2356 		struct timeval to;
2357 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_TIMEVAL
2358 		struct BPF_TIMEVAL bpf_to;
2359 
2360 		if (IOCPARM_LEN(BIOCSRTIMEOUT) != sizeof(struct timeval)) {
2361 			bpf_to.tv_sec = p->opt.timeout / 1000;
2362 			bpf_to.tv_usec = (p->opt.timeout * 1000) % 1000000;
2363 			if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSRTIMEOUT, (caddr_t)&bpf_to) < 0) {
2364 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2365 				    "BIOCSRTIMEOUT: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2366 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2367 				goto bad;
2368 			}
2369 		} else {
2370 #endif
2371 			to.tv_sec = p->opt.timeout / 1000;
2372 			to.tv_usec = (p->opt.timeout * 1000) % 1000000;
2373 			if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSRTIMEOUT, (caddr_t)&to) < 0) {
2374 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2375 				    "BIOCSRTIMEOUT: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2376 				status = PCAP_ERROR;
2377 				goto bad;
2378 			}
2379 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_TIMEVAL
2380 		}
2381 #endif
2382 	}
2383 
2384 #ifdef	BIOCIMMEDIATE
2385 	/*
2386 	 * Darren Reed notes that
2387 	 *
2388 	 *	On AIX (4.2 at least), if BIOCIMMEDIATE is not set, the
2389 	 *	timeout appears to be ignored and it waits until the buffer
2390 	 *	is filled before returning.  The result of not having it
2391 	 *	set is almost worse than useless if your BPF filter
2392 	 *	is reducing things to only a few packets (i.e. one every
2393 	 *	second or so).
2394 	 *
2395 	 * so we always turn BIOCIMMEDIATE mode on if this is AIX.
2396 	 *
2397 	 * For other platforms, we don't turn immediate mode on by default,
2398 	 * as that would mean we get woken up for every packet, which
2399 	 * probably isn't what you want for a packet sniffer.
2400 	 *
2401 	 * We set immediate mode if the caller requested it by calling
2402 	 * pcap_set_immediate() before calling pcap_activate().
2403 	 */
2404 #ifndef _AIX
2405 	if (p->opt.immediate) {
2406 #endif /* _AIX */
2407 		v = 1;
2408 		if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCIMMEDIATE, &v) < 0) {
2409 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2410 			    "BIOCIMMEDIATE: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2411 			status = PCAP_ERROR;
2412 			goto bad;
2413 		}
2414 #ifndef _AIX
2415 	}
2416 #endif /* _AIX */
2417 #else /* BIOCIMMEDIATE */
2418 	if (p->opt.immediate) {
2419 		/*
2420 		 * We don't support immediate mode.  Fail.
2421 		 */
2422 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "Immediate mode not supported");
2423 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2424 		goto bad;
2425 	}
2426 #endif /* BIOCIMMEDIATE */
2427 
2428 	if (p->opt.promisc) {
2429 		/* set promiscuous mode, just warn if it fails */
2430 		if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCPROMISC, NULL) < 0) {
2431 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCPROMISC: %s",
2432 			    pcap_strerror(errno));
2433 			status = PCAP_WARNING_PROMISC_NOTSUP;
2434 		}
2435 	}
2436 
2437 #ifdef BIOCSTSTAMP
2438 	v = BPF_T_BINTIME;
2439 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSTSTAMP, &v) < 0) {
2440 		snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSTSTAMP: %s",
2441 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2442 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2443 		goto bad;
2444 	}
2445 #endif /* BIOCSTSTAMP */
2446 
2447 	if (ioctl(fd, BIOCGBLEN, (caddr_t)&v) < 0) {
2448 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCGBLEN: %s",
2449 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2450 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2451 		goto bad;
2452 	}
2453 	p->bufsize = v;
2454 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
2455 	if (!pb->zerocopy) {
2456 #endif
2457 	p->buffer = malloc(p->bufsize);
2458 	if (p->buffer == NULL) {
2459 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
2460 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2461 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2462 		goto bad;
2463 	}
2464 #ifdef _AIX
2465 	/* For some strange reason this seems to prevent the EFAULT
2466 	 * problems we have experienced from AIX BPF. */
2467 	memset(p->buffer, 0x0, p->bufsize);
2468 #endif
2469 #ifdef HAVE_ZEROCOPY_BPF
2470 	}
2471 #endif
2472 
2473 	/*
2474 	 * If there's no filter program installed, there's
2475 	 * no indication to the kernel of what the snapshot
2476 	 * length should be, so no snapshotting is done.
2477 	 *
2478 	 * Therefore, when we open the device, we install
2479 	 * an "accept everything" filter with the specified
2480 	 * snapshot length.
2481 	 */
2482 	total_insn.code = (u_short)(BPF_RET | BPF_K);
2483 	total_insn.jt = 0;
2484 	total_insn.jf = 0;
2485 	total_insn.k = p->snapshot;
2486 
2487 	total_prog.bf_len = 1;
2488 	total_prog.bf_insns = &total_insn;
2489 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSETF, (caddr_t)&total_prog) < 0) {
2490 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETF: %s",
2491 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2492 		status = PCAP_ERROR;
2493 		goto bad;
2494 	}
2495 
2496 	/*
2497 	 * On most BPF platforms, either you can do a "select()" or
2498 	 * "poll()" on a BPF file descriptor and it works correctly,
2499 	 * or you can do it and it will return "readable" if the
2500 	 * hold buffer is full but not if the timeout expires *and*
2501 	 * a non-blocking read will, if the hold buffer is empty
2502 	 * but the store buffer isn't empty, rotate the buffers
2503 	 * and return what packets are available.
2504 	 *
2505 	 * In the latter case, the fact that a non-blocking read
2506 	 * will give you the available packets means you can work
2507 	 * around the failure of "select()" and "poll()" to wake up
2508 	 * and return "readable" when the timeout expires by using
2509 	 * the timeout as the "select()" or "poll()" timeout, putting
2510 	 * the BPF descriptor into non-blocking mode, and read from
2511 	 * it regardless of whether "select()" reports it as readable
2512 	 * or not.
2513 	 *
2514 	 * However, in FreeBSD 4.3 and 4.4, "select()" and "poll()"
2515 	 * won't wake up and return "readable" if the timer expires
2516 	 * and non-blocking reads return EWOULDBLOCK if the hold
2517 	 * buffer is empty, even if the store buffer is non-empty.
2518 	 *
2519 	 * This means the workaround in question won't work.
2520 	 *
2521 	 * Therefore, on FreeBSD 4.3 and 4.4, we set "p->selectable_fd"
2522 	 * to -1, which means "sorry, you can't use 'select()' or 'poll()'
2523 	 * here".  On all other BPF platforms, we set it to the FD for
2524 	 * the BPF device; in NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin, a non-blocking
2525 	 * read will, if the hold buffer is empty and the store buffer
2526 	 * isn't empty, rotate the buffers and return what packets are
2527 	 * there (and in sufficiently recent versions of OpenBSD
2528 	 * "select()" and "poll()" should work correctly).
2529 	 *
2530 	 * XXX - what about AIX?
2531 	 */
2532 	p->selectable_fd = p->fd;	/* assume select() works until we know otherwise */
2533 	if (have_osinfo) {
2534 		/*
2535 		 * We can check what OS this is.
2536 		 */
2537 		if (strcmp(osinfo.sysname, "FreeBSD") == 0) {
2538 			if (strncmp(osinfo.release, "4.3-", 4) == 0 ||
2539 			     strncmp(osinfo.release, "4.4-", 4) == 0)
2540 				p->selectable_fd = -1;
2541 		}
2542 	}
2543 
2544 	p->read_op = pcap_read_bpf;
2545 	p->inject_op = pcap_inject_bpf;
2546 	p->setfilter_op = pcap_setfilter_bpf;
2547 	p->setdirection_op = pcap_setdirection_bpf;
2548 	p->set_datalink_op = pcap_set_datalink_bpf;
2549 	p->getnonblock_op = pcap_getnonblock_bpf;
2550 	p->setnonblock_op = pcap_setnonblock_bpf;
2551 	p->stats_op = pcap_stats_bpf;
2552 	p->cleanup_op = pcap_cleanup_bpf;
2553 
2554 	return (status);
2555  bad:
2556 	pcap_cleanup_bpf(p);
2557 	return (status);
2558 }
2559 
2560 /*
2561  * Not all interfaces can be bound to by BPF, so try to bind to
2562  * the specified interface; return 0 if we fail with
2563  * PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE (which means we got an ENXIO when we tried
2564  * to bind, which means this interface isn't in the list of interfaces
2565  * attached to BPF) and 1 otherwise.
2566  */
2567 static int
2568 check_bpf_bindable(const char *name)
2569 {
2570 	int fd;
2571 	char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];
2572 
2573 	fd = bpf_open_and_bind(name, errbuf);
2574 	if (fd < 0) {
2575 		/*
2576 		 * Error - was it PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE?
2577 		 */
2578 		if (fd == PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE) {
2579 			/*
2580 			 * Yes, so we can't bind to this because it's
2581 			 * not something supported by BPF.
2582 			 */
2583 			return (0);
2584 		}
2585 		/*
2586 		 * No, so we don't know whether it's supported or not;
2587 		 * say it is, so that the user can at least try to
2588 		 * open it and report the error (which is probably
2589 		 * "you don't have permission to open BPF devices";
2590 		 * reporting those interfaces means users will ask
2591 		 * "why am I getting a permissions error when I try
2592 		 * to capture" rather than "why am I not seeing any
2593 		 * interfaces", making the underlying problem clearer).
2594 		 */
2595 		return (1);
2596 	}
2597 
2598 	/*
2599 	 * Success.
2600 	 */
2601 	close(fd);
2602 	return (1);
2603 }
2604 
2605 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
2606 static int
2607 finddevs_usb(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *errbuf)
2608 {
2609 	DIR *usbdir;
2610 	struct dirent *usbitem;
2611 	size_t name_max;
2612 	char *name;
2613 
2614 	/*
2615 	 * We might have USB sniffing support, so try looking for USB
2616 	 * interfaces.
2617 	 *
2618 	 * We want to report a usbusN device for each USB bus, but
2619 	 * usbusN interfaces might, or might not, exist for them -
2620 	 * we create one if there isn't already one.
2621 	 *
2622 	 * So, instead, we look in /dev/usb for all buses and create
2623 	 * a "usbusN" device for each one.
2624 	 */
2625 	usbdir = opendir("/dev/usb");
2626 	if (usbdir == NULL) {
2627 		/*
2628 		 * Just punt.
2629 		 */
2630 		return (0);
2631 	}
2632 
2633 	/*
2634 	 * Leave enough room for a 32-bit (10-digit) bus number.
2635 	 * Yes, that's overkill, but we won't be using
2636 	 * the buffer very long.
2637 	 */
2638 	name_max = USBUS_PREFIX_LEN + 10 + 1;
2639 	name = malloc(name_max);
2640 	if (name == NULL) {
2641 		closedir(usbdir);
2642 		return (0);
2643 	}
2644 	while ((usbitem = readdir(usbdir)) != NULL) {
2645 		char *p;
2646 		size_t busnumlen;
2647 		int err;
2648 
2649 		if (strcmp(usbitem->d_name, ".") == 0 ||
2650 		    strcmp(usbitem->d_name, "..") == 0) {
2651 			/*
2652 			 * Ignore these.
2653 			 */
2654 			continue;
2655 		}
2656 		p = strchr(usbitem->d_name, '.');
2657 		if (p == NULL)
2658 			continue;
2659 		busnumlen = p - usbitem->d_name;
2660 		memcpy(name, usbus_prefix, USBUS_PREFIX_LEN);
2661 		memcpy(name + USBUS_PREFIX_LEN, usbitem->d_name, busnumlen);
2662 		*(name + USBUS_PREFIX_LEN + busnumlen) = '\0';
2663 		err = pcap_add_if(alldevsp, name, PCAP_IF_UP, NULL, errbuf);
2664 		if (err != 0) {
2665 			free(name);
2666 			closedir(usbdir);
2667 			return (err);
2668 		}
2669 	}
2670 	free(name);
2671 	closedir(usbdir);
2672 	return (0);
2673 }
2674 #endif
2675 
2676 int
2677 pcap_platform_finddevs(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *errbuf)
2678 {
2679 	/*
2680 	 * Get the list of regular interfaces first.
2681 	 */
2682 	if (pcap_findalldevs_interfaces(alldevsp, errbuf, check_bpf_bindable) == -1)
2683 		return (-1);	/* failure */
2684 
2685 #if defined(__FreeBSD__) && defined(SIOCIFCREATE2)
2686 	if (finddevs_usb(alldevsp, errbuf) == -1)
2687 		return (-1);
2688 #endif
2689 
2690 	return (0);
2691 }
2692 
2693 #ifdef HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211
2694 static int
2695 monitor_mode(pcap_t *p, int set)
2696 {
2697 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
2698 	int sock;
2699 	struct ifmediareq req;
2700 	IFM_ULIST_TYPE *media_list;
2701 	int i;
2702 	int can_do;
2703 	struct ifreq ifr;
2704 
2705 	sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
2706 	if (sock == -1) {
2707 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "can't open socket: %s",
2708 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2709 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
2710 	}
2711 
2712 	memset(&req, 0, sizeof req);
2713 	strncpy(req.ifm_name, p->opt.device, sizeof req.ifm_name);
2714 
2715 	/*
2716 	 * Find out how many media types we have.
2717 	 */
2718 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMEDIA, &req) < 0) {
2719 		/*
2720 		 * Can't get the media types.
2721 		 */
2722 		switch (errno) {
2723 
2724 		case ENXIO:
2725 			/*
2726 			 * There's no such device.
2727 			 */
2728 			close(sock);
2729 			return (PCAP_ERROR_NO_SUCH_DEVICE);
2730 
2731 		case EINVAL:
2732 			/*
2733 			 * Interface doesn't support SIOC{G,S}IFMEDIA.
2734 			 */
2735 			close(sock);
2736 			return (PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP);
2737 
2738 		default:
2739 			pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2740 			    "SIOCGIFMEDIA 1: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2741 			close(sock);
2742 			return (PCAP_ERROR);
2743 		}
2744 	}
2745 	if (req.ifm_count == 0) {
2746 		/*
2747 		 * No media types.
2748 		 */
2749 		close(sock);
2750 		return (PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP);
2751 	}
2752 
2753 	/*
2754 	 * Allocate a buffer to hold all the media types, and
2755 	 * get the media types.
2756 	 */
2757 	media_list = malloc(req.ifm_count * sizeof(*media_list));
2758 	if (media_list == NULL) {
2759 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "malloc: %s",
2760 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2761 		close(sock);
2762 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
2763 	}
2764 	req.ifm_ulist = media_list;
2765 	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMEDIA, &req) < 0) {
2766 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "SIOCGIFMEDIA: %s",
2767 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
2768 		free(media_list);
2769 		close(sock);
2770 		return (PCAP_ERROR);
2771 	}
2772 
2773 	/*
2774 	 * Look for an 802.11 "automatic" media type.
2775 	 * We assume that all 802.11 adapters have that media type,
2776 	 * and that it will carry the monitor mode supported flag.
2777 	 */
2778 	can_do = 0;
2779 	for (i = 0; i < req.ifm_count; i++) {
2780 		if (IFM_TYPE(media_list[i]) == IFM_IEEE80211
2781 		    && IFM_SUBTYPE(media_list[i]) == IFM_AUTO) {
2782 			/* OK, does it do monitor mode? */
2783 			if (media_list[i] & IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR) {
2784 				can_do = 1;
2785 				break;
2786 			}
2787 		}
2788 	}
2789 	free(media_list);
2790 	if (!can_do) {
2791 		/*
2792 		 * This adapter doesn't support monitor mode.
2793 		 */
2794 		close(sock);
2795 		return (PCAP_ERROR_RFMON_NOTSUP);
2796 	}
2797 
2798 	if (set) {
2799 		/*
2800 		 * Don't just check whether we can enable monitor mode,
2801 		 * do so, if it's not already enabled.
2802 		 */
2803 		if ((req.ifm_current & IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR) == 0) {
2804 			/*
2805 			 * Monitor mode isn't currently on, so turn it on,
2806 			 * and remember that we should turn it off when the
2807 			 * pcap_t is closed.
2808 			 */
2809 
2810 			/*
2811 			 * If we haven't already done so, arrange to have
2812 			 * "pcap_close_all()" called when we exit.
2813 			 */
2814 			if (!pcap_do_addexit(p)) {
2815 				/*
2816 				 * "atexit()" failed; don't put the interface
2817 				 * in monitor mode, just give up.
2818 				 */
2819 				close(sock);
2820 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
2821 			}
2822 			memset(&ifr, 0, sizeof(ifr));
2823 			(void)strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, p->opt.device,
2824 			    sizeof(ifr.ifr_name));
2825 			ifr.ifr_media = req.ifm_current | IFM_IEEE80211_MONITOR;
2826 			if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFMEDIA, &ifr) == -1) {
2827 				pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE,
2828 				     "SIOCSIFMEDIA: %s", pcap_strerror(errno));
2829 				close(sock);
2830 				return (PCAP_ERROR);
2831 			}
2832 
2833 			pb->must_do_on_close |= MUST_CLEAR_RFMON;
2834 
2835 			/*
2836 			 * Add this to the list of pcaps to close when we exit.
2837 			 */
2838 			pcap_add_to_pcaps_to_close(p);
2839 		}
2840 	}
2841 	return (0);
2842 }
2843 #endif /* HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211 */
2844 
2845 #if defined(BIOCGDLTLIST) && (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211))
2846 /*
2847  * Check whether we have any 802.11 link-layer types; return the best
2848  * of the 802.11 link-layer types if we find one, and return -1
2849  * otherwise.
2850  *
2851  * DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO, with the radiotap header, is considered the
2852  * best 802.11 link-layer type; any of the other 802.11-plus-radio
2853  * headers are second-best; 802.11 with no radio information is
2854  * the least good.
2855  */
2856 static int
2857 find_802_11(struct bpf_dltlist *bdlp)
2858 {
2859 	int new_dlt;
2860 	u_int i;
2861 
2862 	/*
2863 	 * Scan the list of DLT_ values, looking for 802.11 values,
2864 	 * and, if we find any, choose the best of them.
2865 	 */
2866 	new_dlt = -1;
2867 	for (i = 0; i < bdlp->bfl_len; i++) {
2868 		switch (bdlp->bfl_list[i]) {
2869 
2870 		case DLT_IEEE802_11:
2871 			/*
2872 			 * 802.11, but no radio.
2873 			 *
2874 			 * Offer this, and select it as the new mode
2875 			 * unless we've already found an 802.11
2876 			 * header with radio information.
2877 			 */
2878 			if (new_dlt == -1)
2879 				new_dlt = bdlp->bfl_list[i];
2880 			break;
2881 
2882 		case DLT_PRISM_HEADER:
2883 		case DLT_AIRONET_HEADER:
2884 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS:
2885 			/*
2886 			 * 802.11 with radio, but not radiotap.
2887 			 *
2888 			 * Offer this, and select it as the new mode
2889 			 * unless we've already found the radiotap DLT_.
2890 			 */
2891 			if (new_dlt != DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO)
2892 				new_dlt = bdlp->bfl_list[i];
2893 			break;
2894 
2895 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO:
2896 			/*
2897 			 * 802.11 with radiotap.
2898 			 *
2899 			 * Offer this, and select it as the new mode.
2900 			 */
2901 			new_dlt = bdlp->bfl_list[i];
2902 			break;
2903 
2904 		default:
2905 			/*
2906 			 * Not 802.11.
2907 			 */
2908 			break;
2909 		}
2910 	}
2911 
2912 	return (new_dlt);
2913 }
2914 #endif /* defined(BIOCGDLTLIST) && (defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_BSD_IEEE80211)) */
2915 
2916 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(BIOCGDLTLIST)
2917 /*
2918  * Remove DLT_EN10MB from the list of DLT_ values, as we're in monitor mode,
2919  * and DLT_EN10MB isn't supported in monitor mode.
2920  */
2921 static void
2922 remove_en(pcap_t *p)
2923 {
2924 	int i, j;
2925 
2926 	/*
2927 	 * Scan the list of DLT_ values and discard DLT_EN10MB.
2928 	 */
2929 	j = 0;
2930 	for (i = 0; i < p->dlt_count; i++) {
2931 		switch (p->dlt_list[i]) {
2932 
2933 		case DLT_EN10MB:
2934 			/*
2935 			 * Don't offer this one.
2936 			 */
2937 			continue;
2938 
2939 		default:
2940 			/*
2941 			 * Just copy this mode over.
2942 			 */
2943 			break;
2944 		}
2945 
2946 		/*
2947 		 * Copy this DLT_ value to its new position.
2948 		 */
2949 		p->dlt_list[j] = p->dlt_list[i];
2950 		j++;
2951 	}
2952 
2953 	/*
2954 	 * Set the DLT_ count to the number of entries we copied.
2955 	 */
2956 	p->dlt_count = j;
2957 }
2958 
2959 /*
2960  * Remove 802.11 link-layer types from the list of DLT_ values, as
2961  * we're not in monitor mode, and those DLT_ values will switch us
2962  * to monitor mode.
2963  */
2964 static void
2965 remove_802_11(pcap_t *p)
2966 {
2967 	int i, j;
2968 
2969 	/*
2970 	 * Scan the list of DLT_ values and discard 802.11 values.
2971 	 */
2972 	j = 0;
2973 	for (i = 0; i < p->dlt_count; i++) {
2974 		switch (p->dlt_list[i]) {
2975 
2976 		case DLT_IEEE802_11:
2977 		case DLT_PRISM_HEADER:
2978 		case DLT_AIRONET_HEADER:
2979 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO:
2980 		case DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO_AVS:
2981 			/*
2982 			 * 802.11.  Don't offer this one.
2983 			 */
2984 			continue;
2985 
2986 		default:
2987 			/*
2988 			 * Just copy this mode over.
2989 			 */
2990 			break;
2991 		}
2992 
2993 		/*
2994 		 * Copy this DLT_ value to its new position.
2995 		 */
2996 		p->dlt_list[j] = p->dlt_list[i];
2997 		j++;
2998 	}
2999 
3000 	/*
3001 	 * Set the DLT_ count to the number of entries we copied.
3002 	 */
3003 	p->dlt_count = j;
3004 }
3005 #endif /* defined(__APPLE__) && defined(BIOCGDLTLIST) */
3006 
3007 static int
3008 pcap_setfilter_bpf(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp)
3009 {
3010 	struct pcap_bpf *pb = p->priv;
3011 
3012 	/*
3013 	 * Free any user-mode filter we might happen to have installed.
3014 	 */
3015 	pcap_freecode(&p->fcode);
3016 
3017 	/*
3018 	 * Try to install the kernel filter.
3019 	 */
3020 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSETF, (caddr_t)fp) == 0) {
3021 		/*
3022 		 * It worked.
3023 		 */
3024 		pb->filtering_in_kernel = 1;	/* filtering in the kernel */
3025 
3026 		/*
3027 		 * Discard any previously-received packets, as they might
3028 		 * have passed whatever filter was formerly in effect, but
3029 		 * might not pass this filter (BIOCSETF discards packets
3030 		 * buffered in the kernel, so you can lose packets in any
3031 		 * case).
3032 		 */
3033 		p->cc = 0;
3034 		return (0);
3035 	}
3036 
3037 	/*
3038 	 * We failed.
3039 	 *
3040 	 * If it failed with EINVAL, that's probably because the program
3041 	 * is invalid or too big.  Validate it ourselves; if we like it
3042 	 * (we currently allow backward branches, to support protochain),
3043 	 * run it in userland.  (There's no notion of "too big" for
3044 	 * userland.)
3045 	 *
3046 	 * Otherwise, just give up.
3047 	 * XXX - if the copy of the program into the kernel failed,
3048 	 * we will get EINVAL rather than, say, EFAULT on at least
3049 	 * some kernels.
3050 	 */
3051 	if (errno != EINVAL) {
3052 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE, "BIOCSETF: %s",
3053 		    pcap_strerror(errno));
3054 		return (-1);
3055 	}
3056 
3057 	/*
3058 	 * install_bpf_program() validates the program.
3059 	 *
3060 	 * XXX - what if we already have a filter in the kernel?
3061 	 */
3062 	if (install_bpf_program(p, fp) < 0)
3063 		return (-1);
3064 	pb->filtering_in_kernel = 0;	/* filtering in userland */
3065 	return (0);
3066 }
3067 
3068 /*
3069  * Set direction flag: Which packets do we accept on a forwarding
3070  * single device? IN, OUT or both?
3071  */
3072 static int
3073 pcap_setdirection_bpf(pcap_t *p, pcap_direction_t d)
3074 {
3075 #if defined(BIOCSDIRECTION)
3076 	u_int direction;
3077 
3078 	direction = (d == PCAP_D_IN) ? BPF_D_IN :
3079 	    ((d == PCAP_D_OUT) ? BPF_D_OUT : BPF_D_INOUT);
3080 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDIRECTION, &direction) == -1) {
3081 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3082 		    "Cannot set direction to %s: %s",
3083 		        (d == PCAP_D_IN) ? "PCAP_D_IN" :
3084 			((d == PCAP_D_OUT) ? "PCAP_D_OUT" : "PCAP_D_INOUT"),
3085 			strerror(errno));
3086 		return (-1);
3087 	}
3088 	return (0);
3089 #elif defined(BIOCSSEESENT)
3090 	u_int seesent;
3091 
3092 	/*
3093 	 * We don't support PCAP_D_OUT.
3094 	 */
3095 	if (d == PCAP_D_OUT) {
3096 		pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3097 		    "Setting direction to PCAP_D_OUT is not supported on BPF");
3098 		return -1;
3099 	}
3100 
3101 	seesent = (d == PCAP_D_INOUT);
3102 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSSEESENT, &seesent) == -1) {
3103 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3104 		    "Cannot set direction to %s: %s",
3105 		        (d == PCAP_D_INOUT) ? "PCAP_D_INOUT" : "PCAP_D_IN",
3106 			strerror(errno));
3107 		return (-1);
3108 	}
3109 	return (0);
3110 #else
3111 	(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3112 	    "This system doesn't support BIOCSSEESENT, so the direction can't be set");
3113 	return (-1);
3114 #endif
3115 }
3116 
3117 static int
3118 pcap_set_datalink_bpf(pcap_t *p, int dlt)
3119 {
3120 #ifdef BIOCSDLT
3121 	if (ioctl(p->fd, BIOCSDLT, &dlt) == -1) {
3122 		(void) pcap_snprintf(p->errbuf, sizeof(p->errbuf),
3123 		    "Cannot set DLT %d: %s", dlt, strerror(errno));
3124 		return (-1);
3125 	}
3126 #endif
3127 	return (0);
3128 }
3129