xref: /freebsd/contrib/ldns/radix.c (revision ba3c1f5972d7b90feb6e6da47905ff2757e0fe57)
1 /*
2  * radix.c -- generic radix tree
3  *
4  * Taken from NSD4, modified for ldns
5  *
6  * Copyright (c) 2012, NLnet Labs. All rights reserved.
7  *
8  * This software is open source.
9  *
10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
12  * are met:
13  *
14  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
15  * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
16  *
17  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
18  * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
19  * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
20  *
21  * Neither the name of the NLNET LABS nor the names of its contributors may
22  * be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
23  * specific prior written permission.
24  *
25  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
26  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
27  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
28  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
29  * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
30  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
31  * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
32  * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
33  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
34  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
35  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
36  *
37  */
38 
39 /**
40  * \file
41  * Implementation of a radix tree.
42  */
43 
44 #include <ldns/config.h>
45 #include <ldns/radix.h>
46 #include <ldns/util.h>
47 #include <stdlib.h>
48 
49 /** Helper functions */
50 static ldns_radix_node_t* ldns_radix_new_node(void* data, uint8_t* key,
51 	radix_strlen_t len);
52 static int ldns_radix_find_prefix(ldns_radix_t* tree, uint8_t* key,
53 	radix_strlen_t len, ldns_radix_node_t** result, radix_strlen_t* pos);
54 static int ldns_radix_array_space(ldns_radix_node_t* node, uint8_t byte);
55 static int ldns_radix_array_grow(ldns_radix_node_t* node, unsigned need);
56 static int ldns_radix_str_create(ldns_radix_array_t* array, uint8_t* key,
57 	radix_strlen_t pos, radix_strlen_t len);
58 static int ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(radix_strlen_t prefix_len,
59 	uint8_t* longer_str, radix_strlen_t longer_len, uint8_t** split_str,
60 	radix_strlen_t* split_len);
61 static int ldns_radix_array_split(ldns_radix_array_t* array, uint8_t* key,
62 	radix_strlen_t pos, radix_strlen_t len, ldns_radix_node_t* add);
63 static int ldns_radix_str_is_prefix(uint8_t* str1, radix_strlen_t len1,
64 	uint8_t* str2, radix_strlen_t len2);
65 static radix_strlen_t ldns_radix_str_common(uint8_t* str1, radix_strlen_t len1,
66 	uint8_t* str2, radix_strlen_t len2);
67 static ldns_radix_node_t* ldns_radix_next_in_subtree(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
68 static ldns_radix_node_t* ldns_radix_prev_from_index(ldns_radix_node_t* node,
69 	uint8_t index);
70 static ldns_radix_node_t* ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(
71 	ldns_radix_node_t* node);
72 static ldns_radix_node_t* ldns_radix_last_in_subtree(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
73 static void ldns_radix_del_fix(ldns_radix_t* tree, ldns_radix_node_t* node);
74 static void ldns_radix_cleanup_onechild(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
75 static void ldns_radix_cleanup_leaf(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
76 static void ldns_radix_node_free(ldns_radix_node_t* node, void* arg);
77 static void ldns_radix_node_array_free(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
78 static void ldns_radix_node_array_free_front(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
79 static void ldns_radix_node_array_free_end(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
80 static void ldns_radix_array_reduce(ldns_radix_node_t* node);
81 static void ldns_radix_self_or_prev(ldns_radix_node_t* node,
82 	ldns_radix_node_t** result);
83 
84 
85 /**
86  * Create a new radix node.
87  *
88  */
89 static ldns_radix_node_t*
90 ldns_radix_new_node(void* data, uint8_t* key, radix_strlen_t len)
91 {
92 	ldns_radix_node_t* node = LDNS_MALLOC(ldns_radix_node_t);
93 	if (!node) {
94 		return NULL;
95 	}
96 	node->data = data;
97 	node->key = key;
98 	node->klen = len;
99 	node->parent = NULL;
100 	node->parent_index = 0;
101 	node->len = 0;
102 	node->offset = 0;
103 	node->capacity = 0;
104 	node->array = NULL;
105 	return node;
106 }
107 
108 
109 /**
110  * Create a new radix tree.
111  *
112  */
113 ldns_radix_t *
114 ldns_radix_create(void)
115 {
116 	ldns_radix_t* tree;
117 
118 	/** Allocate memory for it */
119 	tree = (ldns_radix_t *) LDNS_MALLOC(ldns_radix_t);
120 	if (!tree) {
121 		return NULL;
122 	}
123 	/** Initialize it */
124 	ldns_radix_init(tree);
125 	return tree;
126 }
127 
128 
129 /**
130  * Initialize radix tree.
131  *
132  */
133 void
134 ldns_radix_init(ldns_radix_t* tree)
135 {
136 	/** Initialize it */
137 	if (tree) {
138 		tree->root = NULL;
139 		tree->count = 0;
140 	}
141 	return;
142 }
143 
144 
145 /**
146  * Free radix tree.
147  *
148  */
149 void
150 ldns_radix_free(ldns_radix_t* tree)
151 {
152 	if (tree) {
153 		if (tree->root) {
154 			ldns_radix_traverse_postorder(tree->root,
155 				ldns_radix_node_free, NULL);
156 		}
157 		LDNS_FREE(tree);
158 	}
159 	return;
160 }
161 
162 
163 /**
164  * Insert data into the tree.
165  *
166  */
167 ldns_status
168 ldns_radix_insert(ldns_radix_t* tree, uint8_t* key, radix_strlen_t len,
169 	void* data)
170 {
171 	radix_strlen_t pos = 0;
172 	ldns_radix_node_t* add = NULL;
173 	ldns_radix_node_t* prefix = NULL;
174 
175 	if (!tree || !key || !data) {
176 		return LDNS_STATUS_NULL;
177 	}
178 	add = ldns_radix_new_node(data, key, len);
179 	if (!add) {
180 		return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
181 	}
182 	/** Search the trie until we can make no further process. */
183 	if (!ldns_radix_find_prefix(tree, key, len, &prefix, &pos)) {
184 		/** No prefix found */
185 		assert(tree->root == NULL);
186 		if (len == 0) {
187 			/**
188 			 * Example 1: The root:
189 			 * | [0]
190 			 **/
191 			tree->root = add;
192 		} else {
193 			/** Example 2: 'dns':
194 			 * | [0]
195 			 * --| [d+ns] dns
196 			 **/
197 			prefix = ldns_radix_new_node(NULL, (uint8_t*)"", 0);
198 			if (!prefix) {
199 				LDNS_FREE(add);
200 				return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
201 			}
202 			/** Find some space in the array for the first byte */
203 			if (!ldns_radix_array_space(prefix, key[0])) {
204 				LDNS_FREE(add);
205 				LDNS_FREE(prefix->array);
206 				LDNS_FREE(prefix);
207 				return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
208 			}
209 			/** Set relational pointers */
210 			add->parent = prefix;
211 			add->parent_index = 0;
212 			prefix->array[0].edge = add;
213 			if (len > 1) {
214 				/** Store the remainder of the prefix */
215 				if (!ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(1, key,
216 					len, &prefix->array[0].str,
217 					&prefix->array[0].len)) {
218 					LDNS_FREE(add);
219 					LDNS_FREE(prefix->array);
220 					LDNS_FREE(prefix);
221 					return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
222 				}
223 			}
224 			tree->root = prefix;
225 		}
226 	} else if (pos == len) {
227 		/** Exact match found */
228 		LDNS_FREE(add);
229 		if (prefix->data) {
230 			/* Element already exists */
231 			return LDNS_STATUS_EXISTS_ERR;
232 		}
233 		prefix->data = data;
234 		prefix->key = key;
235 		prefix->klen = len; /* redundant */
236 	} else {
237 		/** Prefix found */
238 		uint8_t byte = key[pos];
239 		assert(pos < len);
240 		if (byte < prefix->offset ||
241 			(byte - prefix->offset) >= prefix->len) {
242 			/** Find some space in the array for the byte. */
243 			/**
244 			 * Example 3: 'ldns'
245 			 * | [0]
246 			 * --| [d+ns] dns
247 			 * --| [l+dns] ldns
248 			 **/
249 			if (!ldns_radix_array_space(prefix, byte)) {
250 				LDNS_FREE(add);
251 				return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
252 			}
253 			assert(byte >= prefix->offset);
254 			assert((byte - prefix->offset) <= prefix->len);
255 			byte -= prefix->offset;
256 			if (pos+1 < len) {
257 				/** Create remainder of the string. */
258 				if (!ldns_radix_str_create(
259 					&prefix->array[byte], key, pos+1,
260 					len)) {
261 					LDNS_FREE(add);
262 					return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
263 				}
264 			}
265 			/** Add new node. */
266 			add->parent = prefix;
267 			add->parent_index = byte;
268 			prefix->array[byte].edge = add;
269 		} else if (prefix->array[byte-prefix->offset].edge == NULL) {
270 			/** Use existing element. */
271 			/**
272 			 * Example 4: 'edns'
273 			 * | [0]
274 			 * --| [d+ns] dns
275 			 * --| [e+dns] edns
276 			 * --| [l+dns] ldns
277 			 **/
278 			byte -= prefix->offset;
279 			if (pos+1 < len) {
280 				/** Create remainder of the string. */
281 				if (!ldns_radix_str_create(
282 					&prefix->array[byte], key, pos+1,
283 					len)) {
284 					LDNS_FREE(add);
285 					return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
286 				}
287 			}
288 			/** Add new node. */
289 			add->parent = prefix;
290 			add->parent_index = byte;
291 			prefix->array[byte].edge = add;
292 		} else {
293 			/**
294 			 * Use existing element, but it has a shared prefix,
295 			 * we need a split.
296 			 */
297 			if (!ldns_radix_array_split(&prefix->array[byte-(prefix->offset)],
298 				key, pos+1, len, add)) {
299 				LDNS_FREE(add);
300 				return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
301 			}
302 		}
303 	}
304 
305 	tree->count ++;
306 	return LDNS_STATUS_OK;
307 }
308 
309 
310 /**
311  * Delete data from the tree.
312  *
313  */
314 void* ldns_radix_delete(ldns_radix_t* tree, const uint8_t* key, radix_strlen_t len)
315 {
316     ldns_radix_node_t* del = ldns_radix_search(tree, key, len);
317     void* data = NULL;
318     if (del) {
319         tree->count--;
320         data = del->data;
321         del->data = NULL;
322         ldns_radix_del_fix(tree, del);
323         return data;
324     }
325     return NULL;
326 }
327 
328 
329 /**
330  * Search data in the tree.
331  *
332  */
333 ldns_radix_node_t*
334 ldns_radix_search(ldns_radix_t* tree, const uint8_t* key, radix_strlen_t len)
335 {
336 	ldns_radix_node_t* node = NULL;
337 	radix_strlen_t pos = 0;
338 	uint8_t byte = 0;
339 
340 	if (!tree || !key) {
341 		return NULL;
342 	}
343 	node = tree->root;
344 	while (node) {
345 		if (pos == len) {
346 			return node->data?node:NULL;
347 		}
348 		byte = key[pos];
349 		if (byte < node->offset) {
350 			return NULL;
351 		}
352 		byte -= node->offset;
353 		if (byte >= node->len) {
354 			return NULL;
355 		}
356 		pos++;
357 		if (node->array[byte].len > 0) {
358 			/** Must match additional string. */
359 			if (pos + node->array[byte].len > len) {
360 				return NULL;
361 			}
362 			if (memcmp(&key[pos], node->array[byte].str,
363 				node->array[byte].len) != 0) {
364 				return NULL;
365 			}
366 			pos += node->array[byte].len;
367 		}
368 		node = node->array[byte].edge;
369 	}
370 	return NULL;
371 }
372 
373 
374 /**
375  * Search data in the tree, and if not found, find the closest smaller
376  * element in the tree.
377  *
378  */
379 int
380 ldns_radix_find_less_equal(ldns_radix_t* tree, const uint8_t* key,
381 	radix_strlen_t len, ldns_radix_node_t** result)
382 {
383 	ldns_radix_node_t* node = NULL;
384 	radix_strlen_t pos = 0;
385 	uint8_t byte;
386 	int memcmp_res = 0;
387 
388 	if (!tree || !tree->root || !key) {
389 		*result = NULL;
390 		return 0;
391 	}
392 
393 	node = tree->root;
394 	while (pos < len) {
395 		byte = key[pos];
396 		if (byte < node->offset) {
397 			/**
398 			 * No exact match. The lesser is in this or the
399 			 * previous node.
400 			 */
401 			ldns_radix_self_or_prev(node, result);
402 			return 0;
403 		}
404 		byte -= node->offset;
405 		if (byte >= node->len) {
406 			/**
407 			 * No exact match. The lesser is in this node or the
408 			 * last of this array, or something before this node.
409 			 */
410 			*result = ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(node);
411 			if (*result == NULL) {
412 				*result = ldns_radix_prev(node);
413 			}
414 			return 0;
415 		}
416 		pos++;
417 		if (!node->array[byte].edge) {
418 			/**
419 			 * No exact match. Find the previous in the array
420 			 * from this index.
421 			 */
422 			*result = ldns_radix_prev_from_index(node, byte);
423 			if (*result == NULL) {
424 				ldns_radix_self_or_prev(node, result);
425 			}
426 			return 0;
427 		}
428 		if (node->array[byte].len != 0) {
429 			/** Must match additional string. */
430 			if (pos + node->array[byte].len > len) {
431 				/** Additional string is longer than key. */
432 				if (memcmp(&key[pos], node->array[byte].str,
433 					len-pos) <= 0) {
434 					/** Key is before this node. */
435 					*result = ldns_radix_prev(
436 						node->array[byte].edge);
437 				} else {
438 					/** Key is after additional string. */
439 					*result = ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(node->array[byte].edge);
440 					if (*result == NULL) {
441 						 *result = ldns_radix_prev(node->array[byte].edge);
442 					}
443 				}
444 				return 0;
445 			}
446 			memcmp_res = memcmp(&key[pos], node->array[byte].str,
447 				node->array[byte].len);
448 			if (memcmp_res < 0) {
449 				*result = ldns_radix_prev(
450 					node->array[byte].edge);
451 				return 0;
452 			} else if (memcmp_res > 0) {
453 				*result = ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(node->array[byte].edge);
454 				if (*result == NULL) {
455 					 *result = ldns_radix_prev(node->array[byte].edge);
456 				}
457 				return 0;
458 			}
459 
460 			pos += node->array[byte].len;
461 		}
462 		node = node->array[byte].edge;
463 	}
464 	if (node->data) {
465 		/** Exact match. */
466 		*result = node;
467 		return 1;
468 	}
469 	/** There is a node which is an exact match, but has no element. */
470 	*result = ldns_radix_prev(node);
471 	return 0;
472 }
473 
474 
475 /**
476  * Get the first element in the tree.
477  *
478  */
479 ldns_radix_node_t*
480 ldns_radix_first(const ldns_radix_t* tree)
481 {
482 	ldns_radix_node_t* first = NULL;
483 	if (!tree || !tree->root) {
484 		return NULL;
485 	}
486 	first = tree->root;
487 	if (first->data) {
488 		return first;
489 	}
490 	return ldns_radix_next(first);
491 }
492 
493 
494 /**
495  * Get the last element in the tree.
496  *
497  */
498 ldns_radix_node_t*
499 ldns_radix_last(const ldns_radix_t* tree)
500 {
501 	if (!tree || !tree->root) {
502 		return NULL;
503 	}
504 	return ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(tree->root);
505 }
506 
507 
508 /**
509  * Next element.
510  *
511  */
512 ldns_radix_node_t*
513 ldns_radix_next(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
514 {
515 	if (!node) {
516 		return NULL;
517 	}
518 	if (node->len) {
519 		/** Go down: most-left child is the next. */
520 		ldns_radix_node_t* next = ldns_radix_next_in_subtree(node);
521 		if (next) {
522 			return next;
523 		}
524 	}
525 	/** No elements in subtree, get to parent and go down next branch. */
526 	while (node->parent) {
527 		uint8_t index = node->parent_index;
528 		node = node->parent;
529 		index++;
530 		for (; index < node->len; index++) {
531 			if (node->array[index].edge) {
532 				ldns_radix_node_t* next;
533 				/** Node itself. */
534 				if (node->array[index].edge->data) {
535 					return node->array[index].edge;
536 				}
537 				/** Dive into subtree. */
538 				next = ldns_radix_next_in_subtree(node);
539 				if (next) {
540 					return next;
541 				}
542 			}
543 		}
544 	}
545 	return NULL;
546 }
547 
548 
549 /**
550  * Previous element.
551  *
552  */
553 ldns_radix_node_t*
554 ldns_radix_prev(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
555 {
556 	if (!node) {
557 		return NULL;
558 	}
559 
560 	/** Get to parent and go down previous branch. */
561 	while (node->parent) {
562 		uint8_t index = node->parent_index;
563 		ldns_radix_node_t* prev;
564 		node = node->parent;
565 		assert(node->len > 0);
566 		prev = ldns_radix_prev_from_index(node, index);
567 		if (prev) {
568 			return prev;
569 		}
570 		if (node->data) {
571 			return node;
572 		}
573 	}
574 	return NULL;
575 }
576 
577 
578 /**
579  * Print node.
580  *
581  */
582 static void
583 ldns_radix_node_print(FILE* fd, ldns_radix_node_t* node,
584 	uint8_t i, uint8_t* str, radix_strlen_t len, unsigned d)
585 {
586 	uint8_t j;
587 	if (!node) {
588 		return;
589 	}
590 	for (j = 0; j < d; j++) {
591 		fprintf(fd, "--");
592 	}
593 	if (str) {
594 		radix_strlen_t l;
595 		fprintf(fd, "| [%u+", (unsigned) i);
596 		for (l=0; l < len; l++) {
597 			fprintf(fd, "%c", (char) str[l]);
598 		}
599 		fprintf(fd, "]%u", (unsigned) len);
600 	} else {
601 		fprintf(fd, "| [%u]", (unsigned) i);
602 	}
603 
604 	if (node->data) {
605 		fprintf(fd, " %s", (char*) node->data);
606 	}
607 	fprintf(fd, "\n");
608 
609 	for (j = 0; j < node->len; j++) {
610 		if (node->array[j].edge) {
611 			ldns_radix_node_print(fd, node->array[j].edge, j,
612 				node->array[j].str, node->array[j].len, d+1);
613 		}
614 	}
615 	return;
616 }
617 
618 
619 /**
620  * Print radix tree.
621  *
622  */
623 void
624 ldns_radix_printf(FILE* fd, const ldns_radix_t* tree)
625 {
626 	if (!fd || !tree) {
627 		return;
628 	}
629 	if (!tree->root) {
630 		fprintf(fd, "; empty radix tree\n");
631 		return;
632 	}
633 	ldns_radix_node_print(fd, tree->root, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
634 	return;
635 }
636 
637 
638 /**
639  * Join two radix trees.
640  *
641  */
642 ldns_status
643 ldns_radix_join(ldns_radix_t* tree1, ldns_radix_t* tree2)
644 {
645 	ldns_radix_node_t* cur_node, *next_node;
646 	ldns_status status;
647 	if (!tree2 || !tree2->root) {
648 		return LDNS_STATUS_OK;
649 	}
650 	/** Add all elements from tree2 into tree1. */
651 
652 	cur_node = ldns_radix_first(tree2);
653 	while (cur_node) {
654 		status = LDNS_STATUS_NO_DATA;
655 		/** Insert current node into tree1 */
656 		if (cur_node->data) {
657 			status = ldns_radix_insert(tree1, cur_node->key,
658 				cur_node->klen, cur_node->data);
659 			/** Exist errors may occur */
660 			if (status != LDNS_STATUS_OK &&
661 			    status != LDNS_STATUS_EXISTS_ERR) {
662 				return status;
663 			}
664 		}
665 		next_node = ldns_radix_next(cur_node);
666 		if (status == LDNS_STATUS_OK) {
667 			(void) ldns_radix_delete(tree2, cur_node->key,
668 				cur_node->klen);
669 		}
670 		cur_node = next_node;
671 	}
672 
673 	return LDNS_STATUS_OK;
674 }
675 
676 
677 /**
678  * Split a radix tree intwo.
679  *
680  */
681 ldns_status
682 ldns_radix_split(ldns_radix_t* tree1, size_t num, ldns_radix_t** tree2)
683 {
684 	size_t count = 0;
685 	ldns_radix_node_t* cur_node;
686 	ldns_status status = LDNS_STATUS_OK;
687 	if (!tree1 || !tree1->root || num == 0) {
688 		return LDNS_STATUS_OK;
689 	}
690 	if (!tree2) {
691 		return LDNS_STATUS_NULL;
692 	}
693 	if (!*tree2) {
694 		*tree2 = ldns_radix_create();
695 		if (!*tree2) {
696 			return LDNS_STATUS_MEM_ERR;
697 		}
698 	}
699 	cur_node = ldns_radix_first(tree1);
700 	while (count < num && cur_node) {
701 		if (cur_node->data) {
702 			/** Delete current node from tree1. */
703 			uint8_t* cur_key = cur_node->key;
704 			radix_strlen_t cur_len = cur_node->klen;
705 			void* cur_data = ldns_radix_delete(tree1, cur_key,
706 				cur_len);
707 			/** Insert current node into tree2/ */
708 			if (!cur_data) {
709 				return LDNS_STATUS_NO_DATA;
710 			}
711 			status = ldns_radix_insert(*tree2, cur_key, cur_len,
712 				cur_data);
713 			if (status != LDNS_STATUS_OK &&
714 			    status != LDNS_STATUS_EXISTS_ERR) {
715 				return status;
716 			}
717 /*
718 			if (status == LDNS_STATUS_OK) {
719 				cur_node->key = NULL;
720 				cur_node->klen = 0;
721 			}
722 */
723 			/** Update count; get first element from tree1 again. */
724 			count++;
725 			cur_node = ldns_radix_first(tree1);
726 		} else {
727 			cur_node = ldns_radix_next(cur_node);
728 		}
729 	}
730 	return LDNS_STATUS_OK;
731 }
732 
733 
734 /**
735  * Call function for all nodes in the tree, such that leaf nodes are
736  * called before parent nodes.
737  *
738  */
739 void
740 ldns_radix_traverse_postorder(ldns_radix_node_t* node,
741 	void (*func)(ldns_radix_node_t*, void*), void* arg)
742 {
743 	uint8_t i;
744 	if (!node) {
745 		return;
746 	}
747 	for (i=0; i < node->len; i++) {
748 		ldns_radix_traverse_postorder(node->array[i].edge,
749 			func, arg);
750 	}
751 	/** Call user function */
752 	(*func)(node, arg);
753 	return;
754 }
755 
756 
757 /** Static helper functions */
758 
759 /**
760  * Find a prefix of the key.
761  * @param tree:   tree.
762  * @param key:    key.
763  * @param len:    length of key.
764  * @param result: the longest prefix, the entry itself if *pos==len,
765  *                otherwise an array entry.
766  * @param pos:    position in string where next unmatched byte is.
767  *                If *pos==len, an exact match is found.
768  *                If *pos== 0, a "" match was found.
769  * @return 0 (false) if no prefix found.
770  *
771  */
772 static int
773 ldns_radix_find_prefix(ldns_radix_t* tree, uint8_t* key,
774 	radix_strlen_t len, ldns_radix_node_t** result, radix_strlen_t* respos)
775 {
776 	/** Start searching at the root node */
777 	ldns_radix_node_t* n = tree->root;
778 	radix_strlen_t pos = 0;
779 	uint8_t byte;
780 	*respos = 0;
781 	*result = n;
782         if (!n) {
783 		/** No root, no prefix found */
784 		return 0;
785 	}
786 	/** For each node, look if we can make further progress */
787 	while (n) {
788 		if (pos == len) {
789 			/** Exact match */
790 			return 1;
791 		}
792 		byte = key[pos];
793 		if (byte < n->offset) {
794 			/** key < node */
795 			return 1;
796 		}
797 		byte -= n->offset;
798 		if (byte >= n->len) {
799 			/** key > node */
800 			return 1;
801 		}
802 		/** So far, the trie matches */
803 		pos++;
804 		if (n->array[byte].len != 0) {
805 			/** Must match additional string */
806 			if (pos + n->array[byte].len > len) {
807 				return 1; /* no match at child node */
808 			}
809 			if (memcmp(&key[pos], n->array[byte].str,
810 				n->array[byte].len) != 0) {
811 				return 1; /* no match at child node */
812 			}
813 			pos += n->array[byte].len;
814 		}
815 		/** Continue searching prefix at this child node */
816 		n = n->array[byte].edge;
817 		if (!n) {
818 			return 1;
819 		}
820 		/** Update the prefix node */
821 		*respos = pos;
822 		*result = n;
823 	}
824 	/** Done */
825 	return 1;
826 }
827 
828 
829 /**
830  * Make space in the node's array for another byte.
831  * @param node: node.
832  * @param byte: byte.
833  * @return 1 if successful, 0 otherwise.
834  *
835  */
836 static int
837 ldns_radix_array_space(ldns_radix_node_t* node, uint8_t byte)
838 {
839 	/** Is there an array? */
840 	if (!node->array) {
841 		assert(node->capacity == 0);
842 		/** No array, create new array */
843 		node->array = LDNS_MALLOC(ldns_radix_array_t);
844 		if (!node->array) {
845 			return 0;
846 		}
847 		memset(&node->array[0], 0, sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t));
848 		node->len = 1;
849 		node->capacity = 1;
850 		node->offset = byte;
851 		return 1;
852 	}
853 	/** Array exist */
854 	assert(node->array != NULL);
855 	assert(node->capacity > 0);
856 
857 	if (node->len == 0) {
858 		/** Unused array */
859 		node->len = 1;
860 		node->offset = byte;
861 	} else if (byte < node->offset) {
862 		/** Byte is below the offset */
863 		uint8_t index;
864 		uint16_t need = node->offset - byte;
865 		/** Is there enough capacity? */
866 		if (node->len + need > node->capacity) {
867 			/** Not enough capacity, grow array */
868 			if (!ldns_radix_array_grow(node,
869 				(unsigned) (node->len + need))) {
870 				return 0; /* failed to grow array */
871 			}
872 		}
873 		/** Move items to the end */
874 		memmove(&node->array[need], &node->array[0],
875 			node->len*sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t));
876 		/** Fix parent index */
877 		for (index = 0; index < node->len; index++) {
878 			if (node->array[index+need].edge) {
879 				node->array[index+need].edge->parent_index =
880 					index + need;
881 			}
882 		}
883 		/** Zero the first */
884 		memset(&node->array[0], 0, need*sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t));
885 		node->len += need;
886 		node->offset = byte;
887 	} else if (byte - node->offset >= node->len) {
888 		/** Byte does not fit in array */
889 		uint16_t need = (byte - node->offset) - node->len + 1;
890 		/** Is there enough capacity? */
891 		if (node->len + need > node->capacity) {
892 			/** Not enough capacity, grow array */
893 			if (!ldns_radix_array_grow(node,
894 				(unsigned) (node->len + need))) {
895 				return 0; /* failed to grow array */
896 			}
897 		}
898 		/** Zero the added items */
899 		memset(&node->array[node->len], 0,
900 			need*sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t));
901 		node->len += need;
902 	}
903 	return 1;
904 }
905 
906 
907 /**
908  * Grow the array.
909  * @param node: node.
910  * @param need: number of elements the array at least need to grow.
911  *              Can't be bigger than 256.
912  * @return: 0 if failed, 1 if was successful.
913  *
914  */
915 static int
916 ldns_radix_array_grow(ldns_radix_node_t* node, unsigned need)
917 {
918 	unsigned size = ((unsigned)node->capacity)*2;
919 	ldns_radix_array_t* a = NULL;
920 	if (need > size) {
921 		size = need;
922 	}
923 	if (size > 256) {
924 		size = 256;
925 	}
926 	a = LDNS_XMALLOC(ldns_radix_array_t, size);
927 	if (!a) {
928 		return 0;
929 	}
930 	assert(node->len <= node->capacity);
931 	assert(node->capacity < size);
932 	memcpy(&a[0], &node->array[0], node->len*sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t));
933 	LDNS_FREE(node->array);
934 	node->array = a;
935 	node->capacity = size;
936 	return 1;
937 }
938 
939 
940 /**
941  * Create a prefix in the array string.
942  * @param array: array.
943  * @param key:   key.
944  * @param pos:   start position in key.
945  * @param len:   length of key.
946  * @return 0 if failed, 1 if was successful.
947  *
948  */
949 static int
950 ldns_radix_str_create(ldns_radix_array_t* array, uint8_t* key,
951 	radix_strlen_t pos, radix_strlen_t len)
952 {
953 	array->str = LDNS_XMALLOC(uint8_t, (len-pos));
954 	if (!array->str) {
955 		return 0;
956 	}
957 	memmove(array->str, key+pos, len-pos);
958 	array->len = (len-pos);
959 	return 1;
960 }
961 
962 
963 /**
964  * Allocate remainder from prefixes for a split.
965  * @param prefixlen:  length of prefix.
966  * @param longer_str: the longer string.
967  * @param longer_len: the longer string length.
968  * @param split_str:  the split string.
969  * @param split_len:  the split string length.
970  * @return 0 if failed, 1 if successful.
971  *
972  */
973 static int
974 ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(radix_strlen_t prefix_len,
975 	uint8_t* longer_str, radix_strlen_t longer_len,
976 	uint8_t** split_str, radix_strlen_t* split_len)
977 {
978 	*split_len = longer_len - prefix_len;
979 	*split_str = LDNS_XMALLOC(uint8_t, (*split_len));
980 	if (!*split_str) {
981 		return 0;
982 	}
983 	memmove(*split_str, longer_str+prefix_len, longer_len-prefix_len);
984 	return 1;
985 }
986 
987 
988 /**
989  * Create a split when two nodes have a shared prefix.
990  * @param array: array.
991  * @param key:   key.
992  * @param pos:   start position in key.
993  * @param len:   length of the key.
994  * @param add:   node to be added.
995  * @return 0 if failed, 1 if was successful.
996  *
997  */
998 static int
999 ldns_radix_array_split(ldns_radix_array_t* array, uint8_t* key,
1000 	radix_strlen_t pos, radix_strlen_t len, ldns_radix_node_t* add)
1001 {
1002 	uint8_t* str_to_add = key + pos;
1003 	radix_strlen_t strlen_to_add = len - pos;
1004 
1005 	if (ldns_radix_str_is_prefix(str_to_add, strlen_to_add,
1006 		array->str, array->len)) {
1007 		/** The string to add is a prefix of the existing string */
1008 		uint8_t* split_str = NULL, *dup_str = NULL;
1009 		radix_strlen_t split_len = 0;
1010 		/**
1011 		 * Example 5: 'ld'
1012 		 * | [0]
1013 		 * --| [d+ns] dns
1014 		 * --| [e+dns] edns
1015 		 * --| [l+d] ld
1016 		 * ----| [n+s] ldns
1017 		 **/
1018 		assert(strlen_to_add < array->len);
1019 		/** Store the remainder in the split string */
1020 		if (array->len - strlen_to_add > 1) {
1021 			if (!ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(strlen_to_add+1,
1022 				array->str, array->len, &split_str,
1023 				&split_len)) {
1024 				return 0;
1025 			}
1026 		}
1027 		/** Duplicate the string to add */
1028 		if (strlen_to_add != 0) {
1029 			dup_str = LDNS_XMALLOC(uint8_t, strlen_to_add);
1030 			if (!dup_str) {
1031 				LDNS_FREE(split_str);
1032 				return 0;
1033 			}
1034 			memcpy(dup_str, str_to_add, strlen_to_add);
1035 		}
1036 		/** Make space in array for the new node */
1037 		if (!ldns_radix_array_space(add,
1038 			array->str[strlen_to_add])) {
1039 			LDNS_FREE(split_str);
1040 			LDNS_FREE(dup_str);
1041 			return 0;
1042 		}
1043 		/**
1044 		 * The added node should go direct under the existing parent.
1045 		 * The existing node should go under the added node.
1046 		 */
1047 		add->parent = array->edge->parent;
1048 		add->parent_index = array->edge->parent_index;
1049 		add->array[0].edge = array->edge;
1050 		add->array[0].str = split_str;
1051 		add->array[0].len = split_len;
1052 		array->edge->parent = add;
1053 		array->edge->parent_index = 0;
1054 		LDNS_FREE(array->str);
1055 		array->edge = add;
1056 		array->str = dup_str;
1057 		array->len = strlen_to_add;
1058 	} else if (ldns_radix_str_is_prefix(array->str, array->len,
1059 		str_to_add, strlen_to_add)) {
1060 		/** The existing string is a prefix of the string to add */
1061 		/**
1062 		 * Example 6: 'dns-ng'
1063 		 * | [0]
1064 		 * --| [d+ns] dns
1065 		 * ----| [-+ng] dns-ng
1066 		 * --| [e+dns] edns
1067 		 * --| [l+d] ld
1068 		 * ----| [n+s] ldns
1069 		 **/
1070 		uint8_t* split_str = NULL;
1071 		radix_strlen_t split_len = 0;
1072 		assert(array->len < strlen_to_add);
1073 		if (strlen_to_add - array->len > 1) {
1074 			if (!ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(array->len+1,
1075 				str_to_add, strlen_to_add, &split_str,
1076 				&split_len)) {
1077 				return 0;
1078 			}
1079 		}
1080 		/** Make space in array for the new node */
1081 		if (!ldns_radix_array_space(array->edge,
1082 			str_to_add[array->len])) {
1083 			LDNS_FREE(split_str);
1084 			return 0;
1085 		}
1086 		/**
1087 		 * The added node should go direct under the existing node.
1088 		 */
1089 		add->parent = array->edge;
1090 		add->parent_index = str_to_add[array->len] -
1091 							array->edge->offset;
1092 		array->edge->array[add->parent_index].edge = add;
1093 		array->edge->array[add->parent_index].str = split_str;
1094 		array->edge->array[add->parent_index].len = split_len;
1095 	} else {
1096 		/** Create a new split node. */
1097 		/**
1098 		 * Example 7: 'dndns'
1099 		 * | [0]
1100 		 * --| [d+n]
1101 		 * ----| [d+ns] dndns
1102 		 * ----| [s] dns
1103 		 * ------| [-+ng] dns-ng
1104 		 * --| [e+dns] edns
1105 		 * --| [l+d] ld
1106 		 * ----| [n+s] ldns
1107 		 **/
1108 		ldns_radix_node_t* common = NULL;
1109 		uint8_t* common_str = NULL, *s1 = NULL, *s2 = NULL;
1110 		radix_strlen_t common_len = 0, l1 = 0, l2 = 0;
1111 		common_len = ldns_radix_str_common(array->str, array->len,
1112 			str_to_add, strlen_to_add);
1113 		assert(common_len < array->len);
1114 		assert(common_len < strlen_to_add);
1115 		/** Create the new common node. */
1116 		common = ldns_radix_new_node(NULL, (uint8_t*)"", 0);
1117 		if (!common) {
1118 			return 0;
1119 		}
1120 		if (array->len - common_len > 1) {
1121 			if (!ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(common_len+1,
1122 				array->str, array->len, &s1, &l1)) {
1123 				LDNS_FREE(common);
1124 				return 0;
1125 			}
1126 		}
1127 		if (strlen_to_add - common_len > 1) {
1128 			if (!ldns_radix_prefix_remainder(common_len+1,
1129 				str_to_add, strlen_to_add, &s2, &l2)) {
1130 				LDNS_FREE(common);
1131 				LDNS_FREE(s1);
1132 				return 0;
1133 			}
1134 		}
1135 		/** Create the shared prefix. */
1136 		if (common_len > 0) {
1137 			common_str = LDNS_XMALLOC(uint8_t, common_len);
1138 			if (!common_str) {
1139 				LDNS_FREE(common);
1140 				LDNS_FREE(s1);
1141 				LDNS_FREE(s2);
1142 				return 0;
1143 			}
1144 			memcpy(common_str, str_to_add, common_len);
1145 		}
1146 		/** Make space in the common node array. */
1147 		if (!ldns_radix_array_space(common, array->str[common_len]) ||
1148 		    !ldns_radix_array_space(common, str_to_add[common_len])) {
1149 			LDNS_FREE(common->array);
1150 			LDNS_FREE(common);
1151 			LDNS_FREE(common_str);
1152 			LDNS_FREE(s1);
1153 			LDNS_FREE(s2);
1154 			return 0;
1155 		}
1156 		/**
1157 		 * The common node should go direct under the parent node.
1158 		 * The added and existing nodes go under the common node.
1159 		 */
1160 		common->parent = array->edge->parent;
1161 		common->parent_index = array->edge->parent_index;
1162 		array->edge->parent = common;
1163 		array->edge->parent_index = array->str[common_len] -
1164 								common->offset;
1165 		add->parent = common;
1166 		add->parent_index = str_to_add[common_len] - common->offset;
1167 		common->array[array->edge->parent_index].edge = array->edge;
1168 		common->array[array->edge->parent_index].str = s1;
1169 		common->array[array->edge->parent_index].len = l1;
1170 		common->array[add->parent_index].edge = add;
1171 		common->array[add->parent_index].str = s2;
1172 		common->array[add->parent_index].len = l2;
1173 		LDNS_FREE(array->str);
1174 		array->edge = common;
1175 		array->str = common_str;
1176 		array->len = common_len;
1177 	}
1178 	return 1;
1179 }
1180 
1181 
1182 /**
1183  * Check if one string prefix of other string.
1184  * @param str1: one string.
1185  * @param len1: one string length.
1186  * @param str2: other string.
1187  * @param len2: other string length.
1188  * @return 1 if prefix, 0 otherwise.
1189  *
1190  */
1191 static int
1192 ldns_radix_str_is_prefix(uint8_t* str1, radix_strlen_t len1,
1193 	uint8_t* str2, radix_strlen_t len2)
1194 {
1195 	if (len1 == 0) {
1196 		return 1; /* empty prefix is also a prefix */
1197 	}
1198 	if (len1 > len2) {
1199 		return 0; /* len1 is longer so str1 cannot be a prefix */
1200 	}
1201 	return (memcmp(str1, str2, len1) == 0);
1202 }
1203 
1204 
1205 /**
1206  * Return the number of bytes in common for the two strings.
1207  * @param str1: one string.
1208  * @param len1: one string length.
1209  * @param str2: other string.
1210  * @param len2: other string length.
1211  * @return length of substring that the two strings have in common.
1212  *
1213  */
1214 static radix_strlen_t
1215 ldns_radix_str_common(uint8_t* str1, radix_strlen_t len1,
1216 	uint8_t* str2, radix_strlen_t len2)
1217 {
1218 	radix_strlen_t i, max = (len1<len2)?len1:len2;
1219 	for (i=0; i<max; i++) {
1220 		if (str1[i] != str2[i]) {
1221 			return i;
1222 		}
1223 	}
1224 	return max;
1225 }
1226 
1227 
1228 /**
1229  * Find the next element in the subtree of this node.
1230  * @param node: node.
1231  * @return: node with next element.
1232  *
1233  */
1234 static ldns_radix_node_t*
1235 ldns_radix_next_in_subtree(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1236 {
1237 	uint16_t i;
1238 	ldns_radix_node_t* next;
1239 	/** Try every subnode. */
1240 	for (i = 0; i < node->len; i++) {
1241 		if (node->array[i].edge) {
1242 			/** Node itself. */
1243 			if (node->array[i].edge->data) {
1244 				return node->array[i].edge;
1245 			}
1246 			/** Dive into subtree. */
1247 			next = ldns_radix_next_in_subtree(node->array[i].edge);
1248 			if (next) {
1249 				return next;
1250 			}
1251 		}
1252 	}
1253 	return NULL;
1254 }
1255 
1256 
1257 /**
1258  * Find the previous element in the array of this node, from index.
1259  * @param node: node.
1260  * @param index: index.
1261  * @return previous node from index.
1262  *
1263  */
1264 static ldns_radix_node_t*
1265 ldns_radix_prev_from_index(ldns_radix_node_t* node, uint8_t index)
1266 {
1267 	uint8_t i = index;
1268 	while (i > 0) {
1269 		i--;
1270 		if (node->array[i].edge) {
1271 			ldns_radix_node_t* prev =
1272 				ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(node);
1273 			if (prev) {
1274 				return prev;
1275 			}
1276 		}
1277 	}
1278 	return NULL;
1279 }
1280 
1281 
1282 /**
1283  * Find last node in subtree, or this node (if have data).
1284  * @param node: node.
1285  * @return last node in subtree, or this node, or NULL.
1286  *
1287  */
1288 static ldns_radix_node_t*
1289 ldns_radix_last_in_subtree_incl_self(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1290 {
1291 	ldns_radix_node_t* last = ldns_radix_last_in_subtree(node);
1292 	if (last) {
1293 		return last;
1294 	} else if (node->data) {
1295 		return node;
1296 	}
1297 	return NULL;
1298 }
1299 
1300 
1301 /**
1302  * Find last node in subtree.
1303  * @param node: node.
1304  * @return last node in subtree.
1305  *
1306  */
1307 static ldns_radix_node_t*
1308 ldns_radix_last_in_subtree(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1309 {
1310 	int i;
1311 	/** Look for the most right leaf node. */
1312 	for (i=(int)(node->len)-1; i >= 0; i--) {
1313 		if (node->array[i].edge) {
1314 			/** Keep looking for the most right leaf node. */
1315 			if (node->array[i].edge->len > 0) {
1316 				ldns_radix_node_t* last =
1317 					ldns_radix_last_in_subtree(
1318 					node->array[i].edge);
1319 				if (last) {
1320 					return last;
1321 				}
1322 			}
1323 			/** Could this be the most right leaf node? */
1324 			if (node->array[i].edge->data) {
1325 				return node->array[i].edge;
1326 			}
1327 		}
1328 	}
1329 	return NULL;
1330 }
1331 
1332 
1333 /**
1334  * Fix tree after deleting element.
1335  * @param tree: tree.
1336  * @param node: node with deleted element.
1337  *
1338  */
1339 static void
1340 ldns_radix_del_fix(ldns_radix_t* tree, ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1341 {
1342 	while (node) {
1343 		if (node->data) {
1344 			/** Thou should not delete nodes with data attached. */
1345 			return;
1346 		} else if (node->len == 1 && node->parent) {
1347 			/** Node with one child is fold back into. */
1348 			ldns_radix_cleanup_onechild(node);
1349 			return;
1350 		} else if (node->len == 0) {
1351 			/** Leaf node. */
1352 			ldns_radix_node_t* parent = node->parent;
1353 			if (!parent) {
1354 				/** The root is a leaf node. */
1355 				ldns_radix_node_free(node, NULL);
1356 				tree->root = NULL;
1357 				return;
1358 			}
1359 			/** Cleanup leaf node and continue with parent. */
1360 			ldns_radix_cleanup_leaf(node);
1361 			node = parent;
1362 		} else {
1363 			/**
1364 			 * Node cannot be deleted, because it has edge nodes
1365 			 * and no parent to fix up to.
1366 			 */
1367 			return;
1368 		}
1369 	}
1370 	/** Not reached. */
1371 	return;
1372 }
1373 
1374 
1375 /**
1376  * Clean up a node with one child.
1377  * @param node: node with one child.
1378  *
1379  */
1380 static void
1381 ldns_radix_cleanup_onechild(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1382 {
1383 	uint8_t* join_str;
1384 	radix_strlen_t join_len;
1385 	uint8_t parent_index = node->parent_index;
1386 	ldns_radix_node_t* child = node->array[0].edge;
1387 	ldns_radix_node_t* parent = node->parent;
1388 
1389 	/** Node has one child, merge the child node into the parent node. */
1390 	assert(parent_index < parent->len);
1391 	join_len = parent->array[parent_index].len + node->array[0].len + 1;
1392 
1393 	join_str = LDNS_XMALLOC(uint8_t, join_len);
1394 	if (!join_str) {
1395 		/**
1396 		 * Cleanup failed due to out of memory.
1397 		 * This tree is now inefficient, with the empty node still
1398 		 * existing, but it is still valid.
1399 		 */
1400 		return;
1401 	}
1402 
1403 	memcpy(join_str, parent->array[parent_index].str,
1404 		parent->array[parent_index].len);
1405 	join_str[parent->array[parent_index].len] = child->parent_index +
1406 		node->offset;
1407 	memmove(join_str + parent->array[parent_index].len+1,
1408 		node->array[0].str, node->array[0].len);
1409 
1410 	LDNS_FREE(parent->array[parent_index].str);
1411 	parent->array[parent_index].str = join_str;
1412 	parent->array[parent_index].len = join_len;
1413 	parent->array[parent_index].edge = child;
1414 	child->parent = parent;
1415 	child->parent_index = parent_index;
1416 	ldns_radix_node_free(node, NULL);
1417 	return;
1418 }
1419 
1420 
1421 /**
1422  * Clean up a leaf node.
1423  * @param node: leaf node.
1424  *
1425  */
1426 static void
1427 ldns_radix_cleanup_leaf(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1428 {
1429 	uint8_t parent_index = node->parent_index;
1430 	ldns_radix_node_t* parent = node->parent;
1431 	/** Delete lead node and fix parent array. */
1432 	assert(parent_index < parent->len);
1433 	ldns_radix_node_free(node, NULL);
1434 	LDNS_FREE(parent->array[parent_index].str);
1435 	parent->array[parent_index].str = NULL;
1436 	parent->array[parent_index].len = 0;
1437 	parent->array[parent_index].edge = NULL;
1438 	/** Fix array in parent. */
1439 	if (parent->len == 1) {
1440 		ldns_radix_node_array_free(parent);
1441 	} else if (parent_index == 0) {
1442 		ldns_radix_node_array_free_front(parent);
1443 	} else {
1444 		ldns_radix_node_array_free_end(parent);
1445 	}
1446 	return;
1447 }
1448 
1449 
1450 /**
1451  * Free a radix node.
1452  * @param node: node.
1453  * @param arg: user argument.
1454  *
1455  */
1456 static void
1457 ldns_radix_node_free(ldns_radix_node_t* node, void* arg)
1458 {
1459 	uint16_t i;
1460 	(void) arg;
1461 	if (!node) {
1462 		return;
1463 	}
1464 	for (i=0; i < node->len; i++) {
1465 		LDNS_FREE(node->array[i].str);
1466 	}
1467 	node->key = NULL;
1468 	node->klen = 0;
1469 	LDNS_FREE(node->array);
1470 	LDNS_FREE(node);
1471 	return;
1472 }
1473 
1474 
1475 /**
1476  * Free select edge array.
1477  * @param node: node.
1478  *
1479  */
1480 static void
1481 ldns_radix_node_array_free(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1482 {
1483 	node->offset = 0;
1484 	node->len = 0;
1485 	LDNS_FREE(node->array);
1486 	node->array = NULL;
1487 	node->capacity = 0;
1488 	return;
1489 }
1490 
1491 
1492 /**
1493  * Free front of select edge array.
1494  * @param node: node.
1495  *
1496  */
1497 static void
1498 ldns_radix_node_array_free_front(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1499 {
1500 	uint16_t i, n = 0;
1501 	/** Remove until a non NULL entry. */
1502    	while (n < node->len && node->array[n].edge == NULL) {
1503 		n++;
1504 	}
1505 	if (n == 0) {
1506 		return;
1507 	}
1508 	if (n == node->len) {
1509 		ldns_radix_node_array_free(node);
1510 		return;
1511 	}
1512 	assert(n < node->len);
1513 	assert((int) n <= (255 - (int) node->offset));
1514 	memmove(&node->array[0], &node->array[n],
1515 		(node->len - n)*sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t));
1516 	node->offset += n;
1517 	node->len -= n;
1518 	for (i=0; i < node->len; i++) {
1519 		if (node->array[i].edge) {
1520 			node->array[i].edge->parent_index = i;
1521 		}
1522 	}
1523 	ldns_radix_array_reduce(node);
1524 	return;
1525 }
1526 
1527 
1528 /**
1529  * Free front of select edge array.
1530  * @param node: node.
1531  *
1532  */
1533 static void
1534 ldns_radix_node_array_free_end(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1535 {
1536 	uint16_t n = 0;
1537 	/** Shorten array. */
1538 	while (n < node->len && node->array[node->len-1-n].edge == NULL) {
1539 		n++;
1540 	}
1541 	if (n == 0) {
1542 		return;
1543 	}
1544 	if (n == node->len) {
1545 		ldns_radix_node_array_free(node);
1546 		return;
1547 	}
1548 	assert(n < node->len);
1549 	node->len -= n;
1550 	ldns_radix_array_reduce(node);
1551 	return;
1552 }
1553 
1554 
1555 /**
1556  * Reduce the capacity of the array if needed.
1557  * @param node: node.
1558  *
1559  */
1560 static void
1561 ldns_radix_array_reduce(ldns_radix_node_t* node)
1562 {
1563 	if (node->len <= node->capacity/2 && node->len != node->capacity) {
1564 		ldns_radix_array_t* a = LDNS_XMALLOC(ldns_radix_array_t,
1565 								node->len);
1566 		if (!a) {
1567 			return;
1568 		}
1569 		memcpy(a, node->array, sizeof(ldns_radix_array_t)*node->len);
1570 		LDNS_FREE(node->array);
1571 		node->array = a;
1572 		node->capacity = node->len;
1573 	}
1574 	return;
1575 }
1576 
1577 
1578 /**
1579  * Return this element if it exists, the previous otherwise.
1580  * @param node: from this node.
1581  * @param result: result node.
1582  *
1583  */
1584 static void
1585 ldns_radix_self_or_prev(ldns_radix_node_t* node, ldns_radix_node_t** result)
1586 {
1587 	if (node->data) {
1588 		*result = node;
1589 	} else {
1590 		*result = ldns_radix_prev(node);
1591 	}
1592 	return;
1593 }
1594