xref: /freebsd/contrib/gdtoa/strtod.c (revision 18242d3b09dbc3f5e278e39baaa3c3b76624c901)
1 /****************************************************************
2 
3 The author of this software is David M. Gay.
4 
5 Copyright (C) 1998-2001 by Lucent Technologies
6 All Rights Reserved
7 
8 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
9 its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
10 granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
11 copies and that both that the copyright notice and this
12 permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting
13 documentation, and that the name of Lucent or any of its entities
14 not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
15 distribution of the software without specific, written prior
16 permission.
17 
18 LUCENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
19 INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.
20 IN NO EVENT SHALL LUCENT OR ANY OF ITS ENTITIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY
21 SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
22 WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
23 IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
24 ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF
25 THIS SOFTWARE.
26 
27 ****************************************************************/
28 
29 /* Please send bug reports to David M. Gay (dmg at acm dot org,
30  * with " at " changed at "@" and " dot " changed to ".").	*/
31 
32 #include "gdtoaimp.h"
33 #ifndef NO_FENV_H
34 #include <fenv.h>
35 #endif
36 
37 #ifdef USE_LOCALE
38 #include "locale.h"
39 #endif
40 
41 #ifdef IEEE_Arith
42 #ifndef NO_IEEE_Scale
43 #define Avoid_Underflow
44 #undef tinytens
45 /* The factor of 2^53 in tinytens[4] helps us avoid setting the underflow */
46 /* flag unnecessarily.  It leads to a song and dance at the end of strtod. */
47 static CONST double tinytens[] = { 1e-16, 1e-32, 1e-64, 1e-128,
48 		9007199254740992.e-256
49 		};
50 #endif
51 #endif
52 
53 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
54 #define Rounding rounding
55 #undef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
56 #define Check_FLT_ROUNDS
57 #else
58 #define Rounding Flt_Rounds
59 #endif
60 
61  double
62 strtod
63 #ifdef KR_headers
64 	(s00, se) CONST char *s00; char **se;
65 #else
66 	(CONST char *s00, char **se)
67 #endif
68 {
69 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
70 	int scale;
71 #endif
72 	int bb2, bb5, bbe, bd2, bd5, bbbits, bs2, c, decpt, dsign,
73 		 e, e1, esign, i, j, k, nd, nd0, nf, nz, nz0, sign;
74 	CONST char *s, *s0, *s1;
75 	double aadj, aadj1, adj, rv, rv0;
76 	Long L;
77 	ULong y, z;
78 	Bigint *bb, *bb1, *bd, *bd0, *bs, *delta;
79 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
80 	int inexact, oldinexact;
81 #endif
82 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
83 	int rounding;
84 #endif
85 
86 	sign = nz0 = nz = decpt = 0;
87 	dval(rv) = 0.;
88 	for(s = s00;;s++) switch(*s) {
89 		case '-':
90 			sign = 1;
91 			/* no break */
92 		case '+':
93 			if (*++s)
94 				goto break2;
95 			/* no break */
96 		case 0:
97 			goto ret0;
98 		case '\t':
99 		case '\n':
100 		case '\v':
101 		case '\f':
102 		case '\r':
103 		case ' ':
104 			continue;
105 		default:
106 			goto break2;
107 		}
108  break2:
109 	if (*s == '0') {
110 #ifndef NO_HEX_FP
111 		{
112 		static FPI fpi = { 53, 1-1023-53+1, 2046-1023-53+1, 1, SI };
113 		Long exp;
114 		ULong bits[2];
115 		switch(s[1]) {
116 		  case 'x':
117 		  case 'X':
118 			{
119 #if defined(FE_DOWNWARD) && defined(FE_TONEAREST) && defined(FE_TOWARDZERO) && defined(FE_UPWARD)
120 			FPI fpi1 = fpi;
121 			switch(fegetround()) {
122 			  case FE_TOWARDZERO:	fpi1.rounding = 0; break;
123 			  case FE_UPWARD:	fpi1.rounding = 2; break;
124 			  case FE_DOWNWARD:	fpi1.rounding = 3;
125 			  }
126 #else
127 #define fpi1 fpi
128 #endif
129 			switch((i = gethex(&s, &fpi1, &exp, &bb, sign)) & STRTOG_Retmask) {
130 			  case STRTOG_NoNumber:
131 				s = s00;
132 				sign = 0;
133 			  case STRTOG_Zero:
134 				break;
135 			  default:
136 				if (bb) {
137 					copybits(bits, fpi.nbits, bb);
138 					Bfree(bb);
139 					}
140 				ULtod(((U*)&rv)->L, bits, exp, i);
141 			  }}
142 			goto ret;
143 		  }
144 		}
145 #endif
146 		nz0 = 1;
147 		while(*++s == '0') ;
148 		if (!*s)
149 			goto ret;
150 		}
151 	s0 = s;
152 	y = z = 0;
153 	for(nd = nf = 0; (c = *s) >= '0' && c <= '9'; nd++, s++)
154 		if (nd < 9)
155 			y = 10*y + c - '0';
156 		else if (nd < 16)
157 			z = 10*z + c - '0';
158 	nd0 = nd;
159 #ifdef USE_LOCALE
160 	if (c == *localeconv()->decimal_point)
161 #else
162 	if (c == '.')
163 #endif
164 		{
165 		decpt = 1;
166 		c = *++s;
167 		if (!nd) {
168 			for(; c == '0'; c = *++s)
169 				nz++;
170 			if (c > '0' && c <= '9') {
171 				s0 = s;
172 				nf += nz;
173 				nz = 0;
174 				goto have_dig;
175 				}
176 			goto dig_done;
177 			}
178 		for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = *++s) {
179  have_dig:
180 			nz++;
181 			if (c -= '0') {
182 				nf += nz;
183 				for(i = 1; i < nz; i++)
184 					if (nd++ < 9)
185 						y *= 10;
186 					else if (nd <= DBL_DIG + 1)
187 						z *= 10;
188 				if (nd++ < 9)
189 					y = 10*y + c;
190 				else if (nd <= DBL_DIG + 1)
191 					z = 10*z + c;
192 				nz = 0;
193 				}
194 			}
195 		}
196  dig_done:
197 	e = 0;
198 	if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
199 		if (!nd && !nz && !nz0) {
200 			goto ret0;
201 			}
202 		s00 = s;
203 		esign = 0;
204 		switch(c = *++s) {
205 			case '-':
206 				esign = 1;
207 			case '+':
208 				c = *++s;
209 			}
210 		if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
211 			while(c == '0')
212 				c = *++s;
213 			if (c > '0' && c <= '9') {
214 				L = c - '0';
215 				s1 = s;
216 				while((c = *++s) >= '0' && c <= '9')
217 					L = 10*L + c - '0';
218 				if (s - s1 > 8 || L > 19999)
219 					/* Avoid confusion from exponents
220 					 * so large that e might overflow.
221 					 */
222 					e = 19999; /* safe for 16 bit ints */
223 				else
224 					e = (int)L;
225 				if (esign)
226 					e = -e;
227 				}
228 			else
229 				e = 0;
230 			}
231 		else
232 			s = s00;
233 		}
234 	if (!nd) {
235 		if (!nz && !nz0) {
236 #ifdef INFNAN_CHECK
237 			/* Check for Nan and Infinity */
238 			ULong bits[2];
239 			static FPI fpinan =	/* only 52 explicit bits */
240 				{ 52, 1-1023-53+1, 2046-1023-53+1, 1, SI };
241 			if (!decpt)
242 			 switch(c) {
243 			  case 'i':
244 			  case 'I':
245 				if (match(&s,"nf")) {
246 					--s;
247 					if (!match(&s,"inity"))
248 						++s;
249 					word0(rv) = 0x7ff00000;
250 					word1(rv) = 0;
251 					goto ret;
252 					}
253 				break;
254 			  case 'n':
255 			  case 'N':
256 				if (match(&s, "an")) {
257 #ifndef No_Hex_NaN
258 					if (*s == '(' /*)*/
259 					 && hexnan(&s, &fpinan, bits)
260 							== STRTOG_NaNbits) {
261 						word0(rv) = 0x7ff00000 | bits[1];
262 						word1(rv) = bits[0];
263 						}
264 					else {
265 #endif
266 						word0(rv) = NAN_WORD0;
267 						word1(rv) = NAN_WORD1;
268 #ifndef No_Hex_NaN
269 						}
270 #endif
271 					goto ret;
272 					}
273 			  }
274 #endif /* INFNAN_CHECK */
275  ret0:
276 			s = s00;
277 			sign = 0;
278 			}
279 		goto ret;
280 		}
281 	e1 = e -= nf;
282 
283 	/* Now we have nd0 digits, starting at s0, followed by a
284 	 * decimal point, followed by nd-nd0 digits.  The number we're
285 	 * after is the integer represented by those digits times
286 	 * 10**e */
287 
288 	if (!nd0)
289 		nd0 = nd;
290 	k = nd < DBL_DIG + 1 ? nd : DBL_DIG + 1;
291 	dval(rv) = y;
292 	if (k > 9) {
293 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
294 		if (k > DBL_DIG)
295 			oldinexact = get_inexact();
296 #endif
297 		dval(rv) = tens[k - 9] * dval(rv) + z;
298 		}
299 	bd0 = 0;
300 	if (nd <= DBL_DIG
301 #ifndef RND_PRODQUOT
302 #ifndef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
303 		&& Flt_Rounds == 1
304 #endif
305 #endif
306 			) {
307 		if (!e)
308 			goto ret;
309 		if (e > 0) {
310 			if (e <= Ten_pmax) {
311 #ifdef VAX
312 				goto vax_ovfl_check;
313 #else
314 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
315 				/* round correctly FLT_ROUNDS = 2 or 3 */
316 				if (sign) {
317 					rv = -rv;
318 					sign = 0;
319 					}
320 #endif
321 				/* rv = */ rounded_product(dval(rv), tens[e]);
322 				goto ret;
323 #endif
324 				}
325 			i = DBL_DIG - nd;
326 			if (e <= Ten_pmax + i) {
327 				/* A fancier test would sometimes let us do
328 				 * this for larger i values.
329 				 */
330 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
331 				/* round correctly FLT_ROUNDS = 2 or 3 */
332 				if (sign) {
333 					rv = -rv;
334 					sign = 0;
335 					}
336 #endif
337 				e -= i;
338 				dval(rv) *= tens[i];
339 #ifdef VAX
340 				/* VAX exponent range is so narrow we must
341 				 * worry about overflow here...
342 				 */
343  vax_ovfl_check:
344 				word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
345 				/* rv = */ rounded_product(dval(rv), tens[e]);
346 				if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
347 				 > Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1-P))
348 					goto ovfl;
349 				word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
350 #else
351 				/* rv = */ rounded_product(dval(rv), tens[e]);
352 #endif
353 				goto ret;
354 				}
355 			}
356 #ifndef Inaccurate_Divide
357 		else if (e >= -Ten_pmax) {
358 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
359 			/* round correctly FLT_ROUNDS = 2 or 3 */
360 			if (sign) {
361 				rv = -rv;
362 				sign = 0;
363 				}
364 #endif
365 			/* rv = */ rounded_quotient(dval(rv), tens[-e]);
366 			goto ret;
367 			}
368 #endif
369 		}
370 	e1 += nd - k;
371 
372 #ifdef IEEE_Arith
373 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
374 	inexact = 1;
375 	if (k <= DBL_DIG)
376 		oldinexact = get_inexact();
377 #endif
378 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
379 	scale = 0;
380 #endif
381 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
382 	if ((rounding = Flt_Rounds) >= 2) {
383 		if (sign)
384 			rounding = rounding == 2 ? 0 : 2;
385 		else
386 			if (rounding != 2)
387 				rounding = 0;
388 		}
389 #endif
390 #endif /*IEEE_Arith*/
391 
392 	/* Get starting approximation = rv * 10**e1 */
393 
394 	if (e1 > 0) {
395 		if ( (i = e1 & 15) !=0)
396 			dval(rv) *= tens[i];
397 		if (e1 &= ~15) {
398 			if (e1 > DBL_MAX_10_EXP) {
399  ovfl:
400 #ifndef NO_ERRNO
401 				errno = ERANGE;
402 #endif
403 				/* Can't trust HUGE_VAL */
404 #ifdef IEEE_Arith
405 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
406 				switch(rounding) {
407 				  case 0: /* toward 0 */
408 				  case 3: /* toward -infinity */
409 					word0(rv) = Big0;
410 					word1(rv) = Big1;
411 					break;
412 				  default:
413 					word0(rv) = Exp_mask;
414 					word1(rv) = 0;
415 				  }
416 #else /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
417 				word0(rv) = Exp_mask;
418 				word1(rv) = 0;
419 #endif /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
420 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
421 				/* set overflow bit */
422 				dval(rv0) = 1e300;
423 				dval(rv0) *= dval(rv0);
424 #endif
425 #else /*IEEE_Arith*/
426 				word0(rv) = Big0;
427 				word1(rv) = Big1;
428 #endif /*IEEE_Arith*/
429 				if (bd0)
430 					goto retfree;
431 				goto ret;
432 				}
433 			e1 >>= 4;
434 			for(j = 0; e1 > 1; j++, e1 >>= 1)
435 				if (e1 & 1)
436 					dval(rv) *= bigtens[j];
437 		/* The last multiplication could overflow. */
438 			word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
439 			dval(rv) *= bigtens[j];
440 			if ((z = word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
441 			 > Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-P))
442 				goto ovfl;
443 			if (z > Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1-P)) {
444 				/* set to largest number */
445 				/* (Can't trust DBL_MAX) */
446 				word0(rv) = Big0;
447 				word1(rv) = Big1;
448 				}
449 			else
450 				word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
451 			}
452 		}
453 	else if (e1 < 0) {
454 		e1 = -e1;
455 		if ( (i = e1 & 15) !=0)
456 			dval(rv) /= tens[i];
457 		if (e1 >>= 4) {
458 			if (e1 >= 1 << n_bigtens)
459 				goto undfl;
460 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
461 			if (e1 & Scale_Bit)
462 				scale = 2*P;
463 			for(j = 0; e1 > 0; j++, e1 >>= 1)
464 				if (e1 & 1)
465 					dval(rv) *= tinytens[j];
466 			if (scale && (j = 2*P + 1 - ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
467 						>> Exp_shift)) > 0) {
468 				/* scaled rv is denormal; zap j low bits */
469 				if (j >= 32) {
470 					word1(rv) = 0;
471 					if (j >= 53)
472 					 word0(rv) = (P+2)*Exp_msk1;
473 					else
474 					 word0(rv) &= 0xffffffff << j-32;
475 					}
476 				else
477 					word1(rv) &= 0xffffffff << j;
478 				}
479 #else
480 			for(j = 0; e1 > 1; j++, e1 >>= 1)
481 				if (e1 & 1)
482 					dval(rv) *= tinytens[j];
483 			/* The last multiplication could underflow. */
484 			dval(rv0) = dval(rv);
485 			dval(rv) *= tinytens[j];
486 			if (!dval(rv)) {
487 				dval(rv) = 2.*dval(rv0);
488 				dval(rv) *= tinytens[j];
489 #endif
490 				if (!dval(rv)) {
491  undfl:
492 					dval(rv) = 0.;
493 #ifndef NO_ERRNO
494 					errno = ERANGE;
495 #endif
496 					if (bd0)
497 						goto retfree;
498 					goto ret;
499 					}
500 #ifndef Avoid_Underflow
501 				word0(rv) = Tiny0;
502 				word1(rv) = Tiny1;
503 				/* The refinement below will clean
504 				 * this approximation up.
505 				 */
506 				}
507 #endif
508 			}
509 		}
510 
511 	/* Now the hard part -- adjusting rv to the correct value.*/
512 
513 	/* Put digits into bd: true value = bd * 10^e */
514 
515 	bd0 = s2b(s0, nd0, nd, y);
516 
517 	for(;;) {
518 		bd = Balloc(bd0->k);
519 		Bcopy(bd, bd0);
520 		bb = d2b(dval(rv), &bbe, &bbbits);	/* rv = bb * 2^bbe */
521 		bs = i2b(1);
522 
523 		if (e >= 0) {
524 			bb2 = bb5 = 0;
525 			bd2 = bd5 = e;
526 			}
527 		else {
528 			bb2 = bb5 = -e;
529 			bd2 = bd5 = 0;
530 			}
531 		if (bbe >= 0)
532 			bb2 += bbe;
533 		else
534 			bd2 -= bbe;
535 		bs2 = bb2;
536 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
537 		if (rounding != 1)
538 			bs2++;
539 #endif
540 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
541 		j = bbe - scale;
542 		i = j + bbbits - 1;	/* logb(rv) */
543 		if (i < Emin)	/* denormal */
544 			j += P - Emin;
545 		else
546 			j = P + 1 - bbbits;
547 #else /*Avoid_Underflow*/
548 #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
549 #ifdef IBM
550 		j = 1 + 4*P - 3 - bbbits + ((bbe + bbbits - 1) & 3);
551 #else
552 		j = P + 1 - bbbits;
553 #endif
554 #else /*Sudden_Underflow*/
555 		j = bbe;
556 		i = j + bbbits - 1;	/* logb(rv) */
557 		if (i < Emin)	/* denormal */
558 			j += P - Emin;
559 		else
560 			j = P + 1 - bbbits;
561 #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
562 #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
563 		bb2 += j;
564 		bd2 += j;
565 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
566 		bd2 += scale;
567 #endif
568 		i = bb2 < bd2 ? bb2 : bd2;
569 		if (i > bs2)
570 			i = bs2;
571 		if (i > 0) {
572 			bb2 -= i;
573 			bd2 -= i;
574 			bs2 -= i;
575 			}
576 		if (bb5 > 0) {
577 			bs = pow5mult(bs, bb5);
578 			bb1 = mult(bs, bb);
579 			Bfree(bb);
580 			bb = bb1;
581 			}
582 		if (bb2 > 0)
583 			bb = lshift(bb, bb2);
584 		if (bd5 > 0)
585 			bd = pow5mult(bd, bd5);
586 		if (bd2 > 0)
587 			bd = lshift(bd, bd2);
588 		if (bs2 > 0)
589 			bs = lshift(bs, bs2);
590 		delta = diff(bb, bd);
591 		dsign = delta->sign;
592 		delta->sign = 0;
593 		i = cmp(delta, bs);
594 #ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
595 		if (rounding != 1) {
596 			if (i < 0) {
597 				/* Error is less than an ulp */
598 				if (!delta->x[0] && delta->wds <= 1) {
599 					/* exact */
600 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
601 					inexact = 0;
602 #endif
603 					break;
604 					}
605 				if (rounding) {
606 					if (dsign) {
607 						adj = 1.;
608 						goto apply_adj;
609 						}
610 					}
611 				else if (!dsign) {
612 					adj = -1.;
613 					if (!word1(rv)
614 					 && !(word0(rv) & Frac_mask)) {
615 						y = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
616 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
617 						if (!scale || y > 2*P*Exp_msk1)
618 #else
619 						if (y)
620 #endif
621 						  {
622 						  delta = lshift(delta,Log2P);
623 						  if (cmp(delta, bs) <= 0)
624 							adj = -0.5;
625 						  }
626 						}
627  apply_adj:
628 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
629 					if (scale && (y = word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
630 						<= 2*P*Exp_msk1)
631 					  word0(adj) += (2*P+1)*Exp_msk1 - y;
632 #else
633 #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
634 					if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <=
635 							P*Exp_msk1) {
636 						word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
637 						dval(rv) += adj*ulp(dval(rv));
638 						word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
639 						}
640 					else
641 #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
642 #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
643 					dval(rv) += adj*ulp(dval(rv));
644 					}
645 				break;
646 				}
647 			adj = ratio(delta, bs);
648 			if (adj < 1.)
649 				adj = 1.;
650 			if (adj <= 0x7ffffffe) {
651 				/* adj = rounding ? ceil(adj) : floor(adj); */
652 				y = adj;
653 				if (y != adj) {
654 					if (!((rounding>>1) ^ dsign))
655 						y++;
656 					adj = y;
657 					}
658 				}
659 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
660 			if (scale && (y = word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= 2*P*Exp_msk1)
661 				word0(adj) += (2*P+1)*Exp_msk1 - y;
662 #else
663 #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
664 			if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= P*Exp_msk1) {
665 				word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
666 				adj *= ulp(dval(rv));
667 				if (dsign)
668 					dval(rv) += adj;
669 				else
670 					dval(rv) -= adj;
671 				word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
672 				goto cont;
673 				}
674 #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
675 #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
676 			adj *= ulp(dval(rv));
677 			if (dsign)
678 				dval(rv) += adj;
679 			else
680 				dval(rv) -= adj;
681 			goto cont;
682 			}
683 #endif /*Honor_FLT_ROUNDS*/
684 
685 		if (i < 0) {
686 			/* Error is less than half an ulp -- check for
687 			 * special case of mantissa a power of two.
688 			 */
689 			if (dsign || word1(rv) || word0(rv) & Bndry_mask
690 #ifdef IEEE_Arith
691 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
692 			 || (word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= (2*P+1)*Exp_msk1
693 #else
694 			 || (word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= Exp_msk1
695 #endif
696 #endif
697 				) {
698 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
699 				if (!delta->x[0] && delta->wds <= 1)
700 					inexact = 0;
701 #endif
702 				break;
703 				}
704 			if (!delta->x[0] && delta->wds <= 1) {
705 				/* exact result */
706 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
707 				inexact = 0;
708 #endif
709 				break;
710 				}
711 			delta = lshift(delta,Log2P);
712 			if (cmp(delta, bs) > 0)
713 				goto drop_down;
714 			break;
715 			}
716 		if (i == 0) {
717 			/* exactly half-way between */
718 			if (dsign) {
719 				if ((word0(rv) & Bndry_mask1) == Bndry_mask1
720 				 &&  word1(rv) == (
721 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
722 			(scale && (y = word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= 2*P*Exp_msk1)
723 		? (0xffffffff & (0xffffffff << (2*P+1-(y>>Exp_shift)))) :
724 #endif
725 						   0xffffffff)) {
726 					/*boundary case -- increment exponent*/
727 					word0(rv) = (word0(rv) & Exp_mask)
728 						+ Exp_msk1
729 #ifdef IBM
730 						| Exp_msk1 >> 4
731 #endif
732 						;
733 					word1(rv) = 0;
734 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
735 					dsign = 0;
736 #endif
737 					break;
738 					}
739 				}
740 			else if (!(word0(rv) & Bndry_mask) && !word1(rv)) {
741  drop_down:
742 				/* boundary case -- decrement exponent */
743 #ifdef Sudden_Underflow /*{{*/
744 				L = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
745 #ifdef IBM
746 				if (L <  Exp_msk1)
747 #else
748 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
749 				if (L <= (scale ? (2*P+1)*Exp_msk1 : Exp_msk1))
750 #else
751 				if (L <= Exp_msk1)
752 #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
753 #endif /*IBM*/
754 					goto undfl;
755 				L -= Exp_msk1;
756 #else /*Sudden_Underflow}{*/
757 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
758 				if (scale) {
759 					L = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
760 					if (L <= (2*P+1)*Exp_msk1) {
761 						if (L > (P+2)*Exp_msk1)
762 							/* round even ==> */
763 							/* accept rv */
764 							break;
765 						/* rv = smallest denormal */
766 						goto undfl;
767 						}
768 					}
769 #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
770 				L = (word0(rv) & Exp_mask) - Exp_msk1;
771 #endif /*Sudden_Underflow}*/
772 				word0(rv) = L | Bndry_mask1;
773 				word1(rv) = 0xffffffff;
774 #ifdef IBM
775 				goto cont;
776 #else
777 				break;
778 #endif
779 				}
780 #ifndef ROUND_BIASED
781 			if (!(word1(rv) & LSB))
782 				break;
783 #endif
784 			if (dsign)
785 				dval(rv) += ulp(dval(rv));
786 #ifndef ROUND_BIASED
787 			else {
788 				dval(rv) -= ulp(dval(rv));
789 #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
790 				if (!dval(rv))
791 					goto undfl;
792 #endif
793 				}
794 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
795 			dsign = 1 - dsign;
796 #endif
797 #endif
798 			break;
799 			}
800 		if ((aadj = ratio(delta, bs)) <= 2.) {
801 			if (dsign)
802 				aadj = aadj1 = 1.;
803 			else if (word1(rv) || word0(rv) & Bndry_mask) {
804 #ifndef Sudden_Underflow
805 				if (word1(rv) == Tiny1 && !word0(rv))
806 					goto undfl;
807 #endif
808 				aadj = 1.;
809 				aadj1 = -1.;
810 				}
811 			else {
812 				/* special case -- power of FLT_RADIX to be */
813 				/* rounded down... */
814 
815 				if (aadj < 2./FLT_RADIX)
816 					aadj = 1./FLT_RADIX;
817 				else
818 					aadj *= 0.5;
819 				aadj1 = -aadj;
820 				}
821 			}
822 		else {
823 			aadj *= 0.5;
824 			aadj1 = dsign ? aadj : -aadj;
825 #ifdef Check_FLT_ROUNDS
826 			switch(Rounding) {
827 				case 2: /* towards +infinity */
828 					aadj1 -= 0.5;
829 					break;
830 				case 0: /* towards 0 */
831 				case 3: /* towards -infinity */
832 					aadj1 += 0.5;
833 				}
834 #else
835 			if (Flt_Rounds == 0)
836 				aadj1 += 0.5;
837 #endif /*Check_FLT_ROUNDS*/
838 			}
839 		y = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
840 
841 		/* Check for overflow */
842 
843 		if (y == Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-1)) {
844 			dval(rv0) = dval(rv);
845 			word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
846 			adj = aadj1 * ulp(dval(rv));
847 			dval(rv) += adj;
848 			if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) >=
849 					Exp_msk1*(DBL_MAX_EXP+Bias-P)) {
850 				if (word0(rv0) == Big0 && word1(rv0) == Big1)
851 					goto ovfl;
852 				word0(rv) = Big0;
853 				word1(rv) = Big1;
854 				goto cont;
855 				}
856 			else
857 				word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
858 			}
859 		else {
860 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
861 			if (scale && y <= 2*P*Exp_msk1) {
862 				if (aadj <= 0x7fffffff) {
863 					if ((z = aadj) <= 0)
864 						z = 1;
865 					aadj = z;
866 					aadj1 = dsign ? aadj : -aadj;
867 					}
868 				word0(aadj1) += (2*P+1)*Exp_msk1 - y;
869 				}
870 			adj = aadj1 * ulp(dval(rv));
871 			dval(rv) += adj;
872 #else
873 #ifdef Sudden_Underflow
874 			if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= P*Exp_msk1) {
875 				dval(rv0) = dval(rv);
876 				word0(rv) += P*Exp_msk1;
877 				adj = aadj1 * ulp(dval(rv));
878 				dval(rv) += adj;
879 #ifdef IBM
880 				if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <  P*Exp_msk1)
881 #else
882 				if ((word0(rv) & Exp_mask) <= P*Exp_msk1)
883 #endif
884 					{
885 					if (word0(rv0) == Tiny0
886 					 && word1(rv0) == Tiny1)
887 						goto undfl;
888 					word0(rv) = Tiny0;
889 					word1(rv) = Tiny1;
890 					goto cont;
891 					}
892 				else
893 					word0(rv) -= P*Exp_msk1;
894 				}
895 			else {
896 				adj = aadj1 * ulp(dval(rv));
897 				dval(rv) += adj;
898 				}
899 #else /*Sudden_Underflow*/
900 			/* Compute adj so that the IEEE rounding rules will
901 			 * correctly round rv + adj in some half-way cases.
902 			 * If rv * ulp(rv) is denormalized (i.e.,
903 			 * y <= (P-1)*Exp_msk1), we must adjust aadj to avoid
904 			 * trouble from bits lost to denormalization;
905 			 * example: 1.2e-307 .
906 			 */
907 			if (y <= (P-1)*Exp_msk1 && aadj > 1.) {
908 				aadj1 = (double)(int)(aadj + 0.5);
909 				if (!dsign)
910 					aadj1 = -aadj1;
911 				}
912 			adj = aadj1 * ulp(dval(rv));
913 			dval(rv) += adj;
914 #endif /*Sudden_Underflow*/
915 #endif /*Avoid_Underflow*/
916 			}
917 		z = word0(rv) & Exp_mask;
918 #ifndef SET_INEXACT
919 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
920 		if (!scale)
921 #endif
922 		if (y == z) {
923 			/* Can we stop now? */
924 			L = (Long)aadj;
925 			aadj -= L;
926 			/* The tolerances below are conservative. */
927 			if (dsign || word1(rv) || word0(rv) & Bndry_mask) {
928 				if (aadj < .4999999 || aadj > .5000001)
929 					break;
930 				}
931 			else if (aadj < .4999999/FLT_RADIX)
932 				break;
933 			}
934 #endif
935  cont:
936 		Bfree(bb);
937 		Bfree(bd);
938 		Bfree(bs);
939 		Bfree(delta);
940 		}
941 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
942 	if (inexact) {
943 		if (!oldinexact) {
944 			word0(rv0) = Exp_1 + (70 << Exp_shift);
945 			word1(rv0) = 0;
946 			dval(rv0) += 1.;
947 			}
948 		}
949 	else if (!oldinexact)
950 		clear_inexact();
951 #endif
952 #ifdef Avoid_Underflow
953 	if (scale) {
954 		word0(rv0) = Exp_1 - 2*P*Exp_msk1;
955 		word1(rv0) = 0;
956 		dval(rv) *= dval(rv0);
957 #ifndef NO_ERRNO
958 		/* try to avoid the bug of testing an 8087 register value */
959 		if (word0(rv) == 0 && word1(rv) == 0)
960 			errno = ERANGE;
961 #endif
962 		}
963 #endif /* Avoid_Underflow */
964 #ifdef SET_INEXACT
965 	if (inexact && !(word0(rv) & Exp_mask)) {
966 		/* set underflow bit */
967 		dval(rv0) = 1e-300;
968 		dval(rv0) *= dval(rv0);
969 		}
970 #endif
971  retfree:
972 	Bfree(bb);
973 	Bfree(bd);
974 	Bfree(bs);
975 	Bfree(bd0);
976 	Bfree(delta);
977  ret:
978 	if (se)
979 		*se = (char *)s;
980 	return sign ? -dval(rv) : dval(rv);
981 	}
982 
983