xref: /freebsd/contrib/file/src/magic.c (revision e92ffd9b626833ebdbf2742c8ffddc6cd94b963e)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) Christos Zoulas 2003.
3  * All Rights Reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
10  *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
16  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
19  * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
21  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
22  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
23  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
24  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
25  * SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #ifdef WIN32
29 #include <windows.h>
30 #include <shlwapi.h>
31 #endif
32 
33 #include "file.h"
34 
35 #ifndef	lint
36 FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: magic.c,v 1.115 2021/09/20 17:45:41 christos Exp $")
37 #endif	/* lint */
38 
39 #include "magic.h"
40 
41 #include <stdlib.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 #include <string.h>
44 #ifdef QUICK
45 #include <sys/mman.h>
46 #endif
47 #include <limits.h>	/* for PIPE_BUF */
48 
49 #if defined(HAVE_UTIMES)
50 # include <sys/time.h>
51 #elif defined(HAVE_UTIME)
52 # if defined(HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H)
53 #  include <sys/utime.h>
54 # elif defined(HAVE_UTIME_H)
55 #  include <utime.h>
56 # endif
57 #endif
58 
59 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
60 #include <unistd.h>	/* for read() */
61 #endif
62 
63 #ifndef PIPE_BUF
64 /* Get the PIPE_BUF from pathconf */
65 #ifdef _PC_PIPE_BUF
66 #define PIPE_BUF pathconf(".", _PC_PIPE_BUF)
67 #else
68 #define PIPE_BUF 512
69 #endif
70 #endif
71 
72 private void close_and_restore(const struct magic_set *, const char *, int,
73     const struct stat *);
74 private int unreadable_info(struct magic_set *, mode_t, const char *);
75 private const char* get_default_magic(void);
76 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
77 private const char *file_or_fd(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
78 #endif
79 
80 #ifndef	STDIN_FILENO
81 #define	STDIN_FILENO	0
82 #endif
83 
84 #ifdef WIN32
85 /* HINSTANCE of this shared library. Needed for get_default_magic() */
86 static HINSTANCE _w32_dll_instance = NULL;
87 
88 static void
89 _w32_append_path(char **hmagicpath, const char *fmt, ...)
90 {
91 	char *tmppath;
92         char *newpath;
93 	va_list ap;
94 
95 	va_start(ap, fmt);
96 	if (vasprintf(&tmppath, fmt, ap) < 0) {
97 		va_end(ap);
98 		return;
99 	}
100 	va_end(ap);
101 
102 	if (access(tmppath, R_OK) == -1)
103 		goto out;
104 
105 	if (*hmagicpath == NULL) {
106 		*hmagicpath = tmppath;
107 		return;
108 	}
109 
110 	if (asprintf(&newpath, "%s%c%s", *hmagicpath, PATHSEP, tmppath) < 0)
111 		goto out;
112 
113 	free(*hmagicpath);
114 	free(tmppath);
115 	*hmagicpath = newpath;
116 	return;
117 out:
118 	free(tmppath);
119 }
120 
121 static void
122 _w32_get_magic_relative_to(char **hmagicpath, HINSTANCE module)
123 {
124 	static const char *trypaths[] = {
125 		"%s/share/misc/magic.mgc",
126 		"%s/magic.mgc",
127 	};
128 	LPSTR dllpath;
129 	size_t sp;
130 
131 	dllpath = calloc(MAX_PATH + 1, sizeof(*dllpath));
132 
133 	if (!GetModuleFileNameA(module, dllpath, MAX_PATH))
134 		goto out;
135 
136 	PathRemoveFileSpecA(dllpath);
137 
138 	if (module) {
139 		char exepath[MAX_PATH];
140 		GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, exepath, MAX_PATH);
141 		PathRemoveFileSpecA(exepath);
142 		if (stricmp(exepath, dllpath) == 0)
143 			goto out;
144 	}
145 
146 	sp = strlen(dllpath);
147 	if (sp > 3 && stricmp(&dllpath[sp - 3], "bin") == 0) {
148 		_w32_append_path(hmagicpath,
149 		    "%s/../share/misc/magic.mgc", dllpath);
150 		goto out;
151 	}
152 
153 	for (sp = 0; sp < __arraycount(trypaths); sp++)
154 		_w32_append_path(hmagicpath, trypaths[sp], dllpath);
155 out:
156 	free(dllpath);
157 }
158 
159 #ifndef BUILD_AS_WINDOWS_STATIC_LIBARAY
160 /* Placate GCC by offering a sacrificial previous prototype */
161 BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID);
162 
163 BOOL WINAPI
164 DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason,
165     LPVOID lpvReserved __attribute__((__unused__)))
166 {
167 	if (fdwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH)
168 		_w32_dll_instance = hinstDLL;
169 	return 1;
170 }
171 #endif
172 #endif
173 
174 private const char *
175 get_default_magic(void)
176 {
177 	static const char hmagic[] = "/.magic/magic.mgc";
178 	static char *default_magic;
179 	char *home, *hmagicpath;
180 
181 #ifndef WIN32
182 	struct stat st;
183 
184 	if (default_magic) {
185 		free(default_magic);
186 		default_magic = NULL;
187 	}
188 	if ((home = getenv("HOME")) == NULL)
189 		return MAGIC;
190 
191 	if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/.magic.mgc", home) < 0)
192 		return MAGIC;
193 	if (stat(hmagicpath, &st) == -1) {
194 		free(hmagicpath);
195 		if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/.magic", home) < 0)
196 			return MAGIC;
197 		if (stat(hmagicpath, &st) == -1)
198 			goto out;
199 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
200 			free(hmagicpath);
201 			if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/%s", home, hmagic) < 0)
202 				return MAGIC;
203 			if (access(hmagicpath, R_OK) == -1)
204 				goto out;
205 		}
206 	}
207 
208 	if (asprintf(&default_magic, "%s:%s", hmagicpath, MAGIC) < 0)
209 		goto out;
210 	free(hmagicpath);
211 	return default_magic;
212 out:
213 	default_magic = NULL;
214 	free(hmagicpath);
215 	return MAGIC;
216 #else
217 	hmagicpath = NULL;
218 
219 	if (default_magic) {
220 		free(default_magic);
221 		default_magic = NULL;
222 	}
223 
224 	/* First, try to get a magic file from user-application data */
225 	if ((home = getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")) != NULL)
226 		_w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic);
227 
228 	/* Second, try to get a magic file from the user profile data */
229 	if ((home = getenv("USERPROFILE")) != NULL)
230 		_w32_append_path(&hmagicpath,
231 		    "%s/Local Settings/Application Data%s", home, hmagic);
232 
233 	/* Third, try to get a magic file from Common Files */
234 	if ((home = getenv("COMMONPROGRAMFILES")) != NULL)
235 		_w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic);
236 
237 	/* Fourth, try to get magic file relative to exe location */
238         _w32_get_magic_relative_to(&hmagicpath, NULL);
239 
240 	/* Fifth, try to get magic file relative to dll location */
241         _w32_get_magic_relative_to(&hmagicpath, _w32_dll_instance);
242 
243 	/* Avoid MAGIC constant - it likely points to a file within MSys tree */
244 	default_magic = hmagicpath;
245 	return default_magic;
246 #endif
247 }
248 
249 public const char *
250 magic_getpath(const char *magicfile, int action)
251 {
252 	if (magicfile != NULL)
253 		return magicfile;
254 
255 	magicfile = getenv("MAGIC");
256 	if (magicfile != NULL)
257 		return magicfile;
258 
259 	return action == FILE_LOAD ? get_default_magic() : MAGIC;
260 }
261 
262 public struct magic_set *
263 magic_open(int flags)
264 {
265 	return file_ms_alloc(flags);
266 }
267 
268 private int
269 unreadable_info(struct magic_set *ms, mode_t md, const char *file)
270 {
271 	if (file) {
272 		/* We cannot open it, but we were able to stat it. */
273 		if (access(file, W_OK) == 0)
274 			if (file_printf(ms, "writable, ") == -1)
275 				return -1;
276 		if (access(file, X_OK) == 0)
277 			if (file_printf(ms, "executable, ") == -1)
278 				return -1;
279 	}
280 	if (S_ISREG(md))
281 		if (file_printf(ms, "regular file, ") == -1)
282 			return -1;
283 	if (file_printf(ms, "no read permission") == -1)
284 		return -1;
285 	return 0;
286 }
287 
288 public void
289 magic_close(struct magic_set *ms)
290 {
291 	if (ms == NULL)
292 		return;
293 	file_ms_free(ms);
294 }
295 
296 /*
297  * load a magic file
298  */
299 public int
300 magic_load(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
301 {
302 	if (ms == NULL)
303 		return -1;
304 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_LOAD);
305 }
306 
307 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
308 /*
309  * Install a set of compiled magic buffers.
310  */
311 public int
312 magic_load_buffers(struct magic_set *ms, void **bufs, size_t *sizes,
313     size_t nbufs)
314 {
315 	if (ms == NULL)
316 		return -1;
317 	return buffer_apprentice(ms, RCAST(struct magic **, bufs),
318 	    sizes, nbufs);
319 }
320 #endif
321 
322 public int
323 magic_compile(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
324 {
325 	if (ms == NULL)
326 		return -1;
327 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_COMPILE);
328 }
329 
330 public int
331 magic_check(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
332 {
333 	if (ms == NULL)
334 		return -1;
335 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_CHECK);
336 }
337 
338 public int
339 magic_list(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
340 {
341 	if (ms == NULL)
342 		return -1;
343 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_LIST);
344 }
345 
346 private void
347 close_and_restore(const struct magic_set *ms, const char *name, int fd,
348     const struct stat *sb)
349 {
350 	if (fd == STDIN_FILENO || name == NULL)
351 		return;
352 	(void) close(fd);
353 
354 	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME) != 0) {
355 		/*
356 		 * Try to restore access, modification times if read it.
357 		 * This is really *bad* because it will modify the status
358 		 * time of the file... And of course this will affect
359 		 * backup programs
360 		 */
361 #ifdef HAVE_UTIMES
362 		struct timeval  utsbuf[2];
363 		(void)memset(utsbuf, 0, sizeof(utsbuf));
364 		utsbuf[0].tv_sec = sb->st_atime;
365 		utsbuf[1].tv_sec = sb->st_mtime;
366 
367 		(void) utimes(name, utsbuf); /* don't care if loses */
368 #elif defined(HAVE_UTIME_H) || defined(HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H)
369 		struct utimbuf  utbuf;
370 
371 		(void)memset(&utbuf, 0, sizeof(utbuf));
372 		utbuf.actime = sb->st_atime;
373 		utbuf.modtime = sb->st_mtime;
374 		(void) utime(name, &utbuf); /* don't care if loses */
375 #endif
376 	}
377 }
378 
379 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
380 
381 /*
382  * find type of descriptor
383  */
384 public const char *
385 magic_descriptor(struct magic_set *ms, int fd)
386 {
387 	if (ms == NULL)
388 		return NULL;
389 	return file_or_fd(ms, NULL, fd);
390 }
391 
392 /*
393  * find type of named file
394  */
395 public const char *
396 magic_file(struct magic_set *ms, const char *inname)
397 {
398 	if (ms == NULL)
399 		return NULL;
400 	return file_or_fd(ms, inname, STDIN_FILENO);
401 }
402 
403 private const char *
404 file_or_fd(struct magic_set *ms, const char *inname, int fd)
405 {
406 	int	rv = -1;
407 	unsigned char *buf;
408 	struct stat	sb;
409 	ssize_t nbytes = 0;	/* number of bytes read from a datafile */
410 	int	ispipe = 0;
411 	int	okstat = 0;
412 	off_t	pos = CAST(off_t, -1);
413 
414 	if (file_reset(ms, 1) == -1)
415 		goto out;
416 
417 	/*
418 	 * one extra for terminating '\0', and
419 	 * some overlapping space for matches near EOF
420 	 */
421 #define SLOP (1 + sizeof(union VALUETYPE))
422 	if ((buf = CAST(unsigned char *, malloc(ms->bytes_max + SLOP))) == NULL)
423 		return NULL;
424 
425 	switch (file_fsmagic(ms, inname, &sb)) {
426 	case -1:		/* error */
427 		goto done;
428 	case 0:			/* nothing found */
429 		break;
430 	default:		/* matched it and printed type */
431 		rv = 0;
432 		goto done;
433 	}
434 
435 #ifdef WIN32
436 	/* Place stdin in binary mode, so EOF (Ctrl+Z) doesn't stop early. */
437 	if (fd == STDIN_FILENO)
438 		_setmode(STDIN_FILENO, O_BINARY);
439 #endif
440 	if (inname != NULL) {
441 		int flags = O_RDONLY|O_BINARY|O_NONBLOCK|O_CLOEXEC;
442 		errno = 0;
443 		if ((fd = open(inname, flags)) < 0) {
444 			okstat = stat(inname, &sb) == 0;
445 			if (okstat && S_ISFIFO(sb.st_mode))
446 				ispipe = 1;
447 #ifdef WIN32
448 			/*
449 			 * Can't stat, can't open.  It may have been opened in
450 			 * fsmagic, so if the user doesn't have read permission,
451 			 * allow it to say so; otherwise an error was probably
452 			 * displayed in fsmagic.
453 			 */
454 			if (!okstat && errno == EACCES) {
455 				sb.st_mode = S_IFBLK;
456 				okstat = 1;
457 			}
458 #endif
459 			if (okstat &&
460 			    unreadable_info(ms, sb.st_mode, inname) == -1)
461 				goto done;
462 			rv = 0;
463 			goto done;
464 		}
465 #if O_CLOEXEC == 0
466 		(void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
467 #endif
468 	}
469 
470 	if (fd != -1) {
471 		okstat = fstat(fd, &sb) == 0;
472 		if (okstat && S_ISFIFO(sb.st_mode))
473 			ispipe = 1;
474 		if (inname == NULL)
475 			pos = lseek(fd, CAST(off_t, 0), SEEK_CUR);
476 	}
477 
478 	/*
479 	 * try looking at the first ms->bytes_max bytes
480 	 */
481 	if (ispipe) {
482 		if (fd != -1) {
483 			ssize_t r = 0;
484 
485 			while ((r = sread(fd, RCAST(void *, &buf[nbytes]),
486 			    CAST(size_t, ms->bytes_max - nbytes), 1)) > 0) {
487 				nbytes += r;
488 				if (r < PIPE_BUF) break;
489 			}
490 		}
491 
492 		if (nbytes == 0 && inname) {
493 			/* We can not read it, but we were able to stat it. */
494 			if (unreadable_info(ms, sb.st_mode, inname) == -1)
495 				goto done;
496 			rv = 0;
497 			goto done;
498 		}
499 
500 	} else if (fd != -1) {
501 		/* Windows refuses to read from a big console buffer. */
502 		size_t howmany =
503 #if defined(WIN32)
504 		    _isatty(fd) ? 8 * 1024 :
505 #endif
506 		    ms->bytes_max;
507 		if ((nbytes = read(fd, RCAST(void *, buf), howmany)) == -1) {
508 			if (inname == NULL && fd != STDIN_FILENO)
509 				file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read fd %d", fd);
510 			else
511 				file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read `%s'",
512 				    inname == NULL ? "/dev/stdin" : inname);
513 			goto done;
514 		}
515 	}
516 
517 	(void)memset(buf + nbytes, 0, SLOP); /* NUL terminate */
518 	if (file_buffer(ms, fd, okstat ? &sb : NULL, inname, buf, CAST(size_t, nbytes)) == -1)
519 		goto done;
520 	rv = 0;
521 done:
522 	free(buf);
523 	if (fd != -1) {
524 		if (pos != CAST(off_t, -1))
525 			(void)lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);
526 		close_and_restore(ms, inname, fd, &sb);
527 	}
528 out:
529 	return rv == 0 ? file_getbuffer(ms) : NULL;
530 }
531 
532 
533 public const char *
534 magic_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, const void *buf, size_t nb)
535 {
536 	if (ms == NULL)
537 		return NULL;
538 	if (file_reset(ms, 1) == -1)
539 		return NULL;
540 	/*
541 	 * The main work is done here!
542 	 * We have the file name and/or the data buffer to be identified.
543 	 */
544 	if (file_buffer(ms, -1, NULL, NULL, buf, nb) == -1) {
545 		return NULL;
546 	}
547 	return file_getbuffer(ms);
548 }
549 #endif
550 
551 public const char *
552 magic_error(struct magic_set *ms)
553 {
554 	if (ms == NULL)
555 		return "Magic database is not open";
556 	return (ms->event_flags & EVENT_HAD_ERR) ? ms->o.buf : NULL;
557 }
558 
559 public int
560 magic_errno(struct magic_set *ms)
561 {
562 	if (ms == NULL)
563 		return EINVAL;
564 	return (ms->event_flags & EVENT_HAD_ERR) ? ms->error : 0;
565 }
566 
567 public int
568 magic_getflags(struct magic_set *ms)
569 {
570 	if (ms == NULL)
571 		return -1;
572 
573 	return ms->flags;
574 }
575 
576 public int
577 magic_setflags(struct magic_set *ms, int flags)
578 {
579 	if (ms == NULL)
580 		return -1;
581 #if !defined(HAVE_UTIME) && !defined(HAVE_UTIMES)
582 	if (flags & MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME)
583 		return -1;
584 #endif
585 	ms->flags = flags;
586 	return 0;
587 }
588 
589 public int
590 magic_version(void)
591 {
592 	return MAGIC_VERSION;
593 }
594 
595 public int
596 magic_setparam(struct magic_set *ms, int param, const void *val)
597 {
598 	if (ms == NULL)
599 		return -1;
600 	switch (param) {
601 	case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX:
602 		ms->indir_max = CAST(uint16_t, *CAST(const size_t *, val));
603 		return 0;
604 	case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX:
605 		ms->name_max = CAST(uint16_t, *CAST(const size_t *, val));
606 		return 0;
607 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX:
608 		ms->elf_phnum_max = CAST(uint16_t, *CAST(const size_t *, val));
609 		return 0;
610 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX:
611 		ms->elf_shnum_max = CAST(uint16_t, *CAST(const size_t *, val));
612 		return 0;
613 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX:
614 		ms->elf_notes_max = CAST(uint16_t, *CAST(const size_t *, val));
615 		return 0;
616 	case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX:
617 		ms->regex_max = CAST(uint16_t, *CAST(const size_t *, val));
618 		return 0;
619 	case MAGIC_PARAM_BYTES_MAX:
620 		ms->bytes_max = *CAST(const size_t *, val);
621 		return 0;
622 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ENCODING_MAX:
623 		ms->encoding_max = *CAST(const size_t *, val);
624 		return 0;
625 	default:
626 		errno = EINVAL;
627 		return -1;
628 	}
629 }
630 
631 public int
632 magic_getparam(struct magic_set *ms, int param, void *val)
633 {
634 	if (ms == NULL)
635 		return -1;
636 	switch (param) {
637 	case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX:
638 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->indir_max;
639 		return 0;
640 	case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX:
641 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->name_max;
642 		return 0;
643 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX:
644 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_phnum_max;
645 		return 0;
646 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX:
647 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_shnum_max;
648 		return 0;
649 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX:
650 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->elf_notes_max;
651 		return 0;
652 	case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX:
653 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->regex_max;
654 		return 0;
655 	case MAGIC_PARAM_BYTES_MAX:
656 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->bytes_max;
657 		return 0;
658 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ENCODING_MAX:
659 		*CAST(size_t *, val) = ms->encoding_max;
660 		return 0;
661 	default:
662 		errno = EINVAL;
663 		return -1;
664 	}
665 }
666