xref: /freebsd/contrib/file/src/magic.c (revision b2d48be1bc7df45ddd13b143a160d0acb5a383c5)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) Christos Zoulas 2003.
3  * All Rights Reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
10  *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
11  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14  *
15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
16  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
17  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
18  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
19  * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
21  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
22  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
23  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
24  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
25  * SUCH DAMAGE.
26  */
27 
28 #ifdef WIN32
29 #include <windows.h>
30 #include <shlwapi.h>
31 #endif
32 
33 #include "file.h"
34 
35 #ifndef	lint
36 FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: magic.c,v 1.95 2015/09/11 17:24:09 christos Exp $")
37 #endif	/* lint */
38 
39 #include "magic.h"
40 
41 #include <stdlib.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 #include <string.h>
44 #ifdef QUICK
45 #include <sys/mman.h>
46 #endif
47 #ifdef HAVE_LIMITS_H
48 #include <limits.h>	/* for PIPE_BUF */
49 #endif
50 
51 #if defined(HAVE_UTIMES)
52 # include <sys/time.h>
53 #elif defined(HAVE_UTIME)
54 # if defined(HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H)
55 #  include <sys/utime.h>
56 # elif defined(HAVE_UTIME_H)
57 #  include <utime.h>
58 # endif
59 #endif
60 
61 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
62 #include <unistd.h>	/* for read() */
63 #endif
64 
65 #ifndef PIPE_BUF
66 /* Get the PIPE_BUF from pathconf */
67 #ifdef _PC_PIPE_BUF
68 #define PIPE_BUF pathconf(".", _PC_PIPE_BUF)
69 #else
70 #define PIPE_BUF 512
71 #endif
72 #endif
73 
74 private void close_and_restore(const struct magic_set *, const char *, int,
75     const struct stat *);
76 private int unreadable_info(struct magic_set *, mode_t, const char *);
77 private const char* get_default_magic(void);
78 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
79 private const char *file_or_fd(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
80 #endif
81 
82 #ifndef	STDIN_FILENO
83 #define	STDIN_FILENO	0
84 #endif
85 
86 #ifdef WIN32
87 /* HINSTANCE of this shared library. Needed for get_default_magic() */
88 static HINSTANCE _w32_dll_instance = NULL;
89 
90 static void
91 _w32_append_path(char **hmagicpath, const char *fmt, ...)
92 {
93 	char *tmppath;
94         char *newpath;
95 	va_list ap;
96 
97 	va_start(ap, fmt);
98 	if (vasprintf(&tmppath, fmt, ap) < 0) {
99 		va_end(ap);
100 		return;
101 	}
102 	va_end(ap);
103 
104 	if (access(tmppath, R_OK) == -1)
105 		goto out;
106 
107 	if (*hmagicpath == NULL) {
108 		*hmagicpath = tmppath;
109 		return;
110 	}
111 
112 	if (asprintf(&newpath, "%s%c%s", *hmagicpath, PATHSEP, tmppath) < 0)
113 		goto out;
114 
115 	free(*hmagicpath);
116 	free(tmppath);
117 	*hmagicpath = newpath;
118 	return;
119 out:
120 	free(tmppath);
121 }
122 
123 static void
124 _w32_get_magic_relative_to(char **hmagicpath, HINSTANCE module)
125 {
126 	static const char *trypaths[] = {
127 		"%s/share/misc/magic.mgc",
128 		"%s/magic.mgc",
129 	};
130 	LPSTR dllpath;
131 	size_t sp;
132 
133 	dllpath = calloc(MAX_PATH + 1, sizeof(*dllpath));
134 
135 	if (!GetModuleFileNameA(module, dllpath, MAX_PATH))
136 		goto out;
137 
138 	PathRemoveFileSpecA(dllpath);
139 
140 	if (module) {
141 		char exepath[MAX_PATH];
142 		GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, exepath, MAX_PATH);
143 		PathRemoveFileSpecA(exepath);
144 		if (stricmp(exepath, dllpath) == 0)
145 			goto out;
146 	}
147 
148 	sp = strlen(dllpath);
149 	if (sp > 3 && stricmp(&dllpath[sp - 3], "bin") == 0) {
150 		_w32_append_path(hmagicpath,
151 		    "%s/../share/misc/magic.mgc", dllpath);
152 		goto out;
153 	}
154 
155 	for (sp = 0; sp < __arraycount(trypaths); sp++)
156 		_w32_append_path(hmagicpath, trypaths[sp], dllpath);
157 out:
158 	free(dllpath);
159 }
160 
161 /* Placate GCC by offering a sacrificial previous prototype */
162 BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID);
163 
164 BOOL WINAPI
165 DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason,
166     LPVOID lpvReserved __attribute__((__unused__)))
167 {
168 	if (fdwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH)
169 		_w32_dll_instance = hinstDLL;
170 	return TRUE;
171 }
172 #endif
173 
174 private const char *
175 get_default_magic(void)
176 {
177 	static const char hmagic[] = "/.magic/magic.mgc";
178 	static char *default_magic;
179 	char *home, *hmagicpath;
180 
181 #ifndef WIN32
182 	struct stat st;
183 
184 	if (default_magic) {
185 		free(default_magic);
186 		default_magic = NULL;
187 	}
188 	if ((home = getenv("HOME")) == NULL)
189 		return MAGIC;
190 
191 	if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/.magic.mgc", home) < 0)
192 		return MAGIC;
193 	if (stat(hmagicpath, &st) == -1) {
194 		free(hmagicpath);
195 		if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/.magic", home) < 0)
196 			return MAGIC;
197 		if (stat(hmagicpath, &st) == -1)
198 			goto out;
199 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
200 			free(hmagicpath);
201 			if (asprintf(&hmagicpath, "%s/%s", home, hmagic) < 0)
202 				return MAGIC;
203 			if (access(hmagicpath, R_OK) == -1)
204 				goto out;
205 		}
206 	}
207 
208 	if (asprintf(&default_magic, "%s:%s", hmagicpath, MAGIC) < 0)
209 		goto out;
210 	free(hmagicpath);
211 	return default_magic;
212 out:
213 	default_magic = NULL;
214 	free(hmagicpath);
215 	return MAGIC;
216 #else
217 	hmagicpath = NULL;
218 
219 	if (default_magic) {
220 		free(default_magic);
221 		default_magic = NULL;
222 	}
223 
224 	/* First, try to get a magic file from user-application data */
225 	if ((home = getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")) != NULL)
226 		_w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic);
227 
228 	/* Second, try to get a magic file from the user profile data */
229 	if ((home = getenv("USERPROFILE")) != NULL)
230 		_w32_append_path(&hmagicpath,
231 		    "%s/Local Settings/Application Data%s", home, hmagic);
232 
233 	/* Third, try to get a magic file from Common Files */
234 	if ((home = getenv("COMMONPROGRAMFILES")) != NULL)
235 		_w32_append_path(&hmagicpath, "%s%s", home, hmagic);
236 
237 	/* Fourth, try to get magic file relative to exe location */
238         _w32_get_magic_relative_to(&hmagicpath, NULL);
239 
240 	/* Fifth, try to get magic file relative to dll location */
241         _w32_get_magic_relative_to(&hmagicpath, _w32_dll_instance);
242 
243 	/* Avoid MAGIC constant - it likely points to a file within MSys tree */
244 	default_magic = hmagicpath;
245 	return default_magic;
246 #endif
247 }
248 
249 public const char *
250 magic_getpath(const char *magicfile, int action)
251 {
252 	if (magicfile != NULL)
253 		return magicfile;
254 
255 	magicfile = getenv("MAGIC");
256 	if (magicfile != NULL)
257 		return magicfile;
258 
259 	return action == FILE_LOAD ? get_default_magic() : MAGIC;
260 }
261 
262 public struct magic_set *
263 magic_open(int flags)
264 {
265 	return file_ms_alloc(flags);
266 }
267 
268 private int
269 unreadable_info(struct magic_set *ms, mode_t md, const char *file)
270 {
271 	if (file) {
272 		/* We cannot open it, but we were able to stat it. */
273 		if (access(file, W_OK) == 0)
274 			if (file_printf(ms, "writable, ") == -1)
275 				return -1;
276 		if (access(file, X_OK) == 0)
277 			if (file_printf(ms, "executable, ") == -1)
278 				return -1;
279 	}
280 	if (S_ISREG(md))
281 		if (file_printf(ms, "regular file, ") == -1)
282 			return -1;
283 	if (file_printf(ms, "no read permission") == -1)
284 		return -1;
285 	return 0;
286 }
287 
288 public void
289 magic_close(struct magic_set *ms)
290 {
291 	if (ms == NULL)
292 		return;
293 	file_ms_free(ms);
294 }
295 
296 /*
297  * load a magic file
298  */
299 public int
300 magic_load(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
301 {
302 	if (ms == NULL)
303 		return -1;
304 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_LOAD);
305 }
306 
307 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
308 /*
309  * Install a set of compiled magic buffers.
310  */
311 public int
312 magic_load_buffers(struct magic_set *ms, void **bufs, size_t *sizes,
313     size_t nbufs)
314 {
315 	if (ms == NULL)
316 		return -1;
317 	return buffer_apprentice(ms, (struct magic **)bufs, sizes, nbufs);
318 }
319 #endif
320 
321 public int
322 magic_compile(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
323 {
324 	if (ms == NULL)
325 		return -1;
326 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_COMPILE);
327 }
328 
329 public int
330 magic_check(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
331 {
332 	if (ms == NULL)
333 		return -1;
334 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_CHECK);
335 }
336 
337 public int
338 magic_list(struct magic_set *ms, const char *magicfile)
339 {
340 	if (ms == NULL)
341 		return -1;
342 	return file_apprentice(ms, magicfile, FILE_LIST);
343 }
344 
345 private void
346 close_and_restore(const struct magic_set *ms, const char *name, int fd,
347     const struct stat *sb)
348 {
349 	if (fd == STDIN_FILENO || name == NULL)
350 		return;
351 	(void) close(fd);
352 
353 	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME) != 0) {
354 		/*
355 		 * Try to restore access, modification times if read it.
356 		 * This is really *bad* because it will modify the status
357 		 * time of the file... And of course this will affect
358 		 * backup programs
359 		 */
360 #ifdef HAVE_UTIMES
361 		struct timeval  utsbuf[2];
362 		(void)memset(utsbuf, 0, sizeof(utsbuf));
363 		utsbuf[0].tv_sec = sb->st_atime;
364 		utsbuf[1].tv_sec = sb->st_mtime;
365 
366 		(void) utimes(name, utsbuf); /* don't care if loses */
367 #elif defined(HAVE_UTIME_H) || defined(HAVE_SYS_UTIME_H)
368 		struct utimbuf  utbuf;
369 
370 		(void)memset(&utbuf, 0, sizeof(utbuf));
371 		utbuf.actime = sb->st_atime;
372 		utbuf.modtime = sb->st_mtime;
373 		(void) utime(name, &utbuf); /* don't care if loses */
374 #endif
375 	}
376 }
377 
378 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
379 
380 /*
381  * find type of descriptor
382  */
383 public const char *
384 magic_descriptor(struct magic_set *ms, int fd)
385 {
386 	if (ms == NULL)
387 		return NULL;
388 	return file_or_fd(ms, NULL, fd);
389 }
390 
391 /*
392  * find type of named file
393  */
394 public const char *
395 magic_file(struct magic_set *ms, const char *inname)
396 {
397 	if (ms == NULL)
398 		return NULL;
399 	return file_or_fd(ms, inname, STDIN_FILENO);
400 }
401 
402 private const char *
403 file_or_fd(struct magic_set *ms, const char *inname, int fd)
404 {
405 	int	rv = -1;
406 	unsigned char *buf;
407 	struct stat	sb;
408 	ssize_t nbytes = 0;	/* number of bytes read from a datafile */
409 	int	ispipe = 0;
410 	off_t	pos = (off_t)-1;
411 
412 	if (file_reset(ms) == -1)
413 		goto out;
414 
415 	/*
416 	 * one extra for terminating '\0', and
417 	 * some overlapping space for matches near EOF
418 	 */
419 #define SLOP (1 + sizeof(union VALUETYPE))
420 	if ((buf = CAST(unsigned char *, malloc(HOWMANY + SLOP))) == NULL)
421 		return NULL;
422 
423 	switch (file_fsmagic(ms, inname, &sb)) {
424 	case -1:		/* error */
425 		goto done;
426 	case 0:			/* nothing found */
427 		break;
428 	default:		/* matched it and printed type */
429 		rv = 0;
430 		goto done;
431 	}
432 
433 #ifdef WIN32
434 	/* Place stdin in binary mode, so EOF (Ctrl+Z) doesn't stop early. */
435 	if (fd == STDIN_FILENO)
436 		_setmode(STDIN_FILENO, O_BINARY);
437 #endif
438 
439 	if (inname == NULL) {
440 		if (fstat(fd, &sb) == 0 && S_ISFIFO(sb.st_mode))
441 			ispipe = 1;
442 		else
443 			pos = lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR);
444 	} else {
445 		int flags = O_RDONLY|O_BINARY;
446 		int okstat = stat(inname, &sb) == 0;
447 
448 		if (okstat && S_ISFIFO(sb.st_mode)) {
449 #ifdef O_NONBLOCK
450 			flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
451 #endif
452 			ispipe = 1;
453 		}
454 
455 		errno = 0;
456 		if ((fd = open(inname, flags)) < 0) {
457 #ifdef WIN32
458 			/*
459 			 * Can't stat, can't open.  It may have been opened in
460 			 * fsmagic, so if the user doesn't have read permission,
461 			 * allow it to say so; otherwise an error was probably
462 			 * displayed in fsmagic.
463 			 */
464 			if (!okstat && errno == EACCES) {
465 				sb.st_mode = S_IFBLK;
466 				okstat = 1;
467 			}
468 #endif
469 			if (okstat &&
470 			    unreadable_info(ms, sb.st_mode, inname) == -1)
471 				goto done;
472 			rv = 0;
473 			goto done;
474 		}
475 #ifdef O_NONBLOCK
476 		if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) != -1) {
477 			flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
478 			(void)fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags);
479 		}
480 #endif
481 	}
482 
483 	/*
484 	 * try looking at the first HOWMANY bytes
485 	 */
486 	if (ispipe) {
487 		ssize_t r = 0;
488 
489 		while ((r = sread(fd, (void *)&buf[nbytes],
490 		    (size_t)(HOWMANY - nbytes), 1)) > 0) {
491 			nbytes += r;
492 			if (r < PIPE_BUF) break;
493 		}
494 
495 		if (nbytes == 0) {
496 			/* We can not read it, but we were able to stat it. */
497 			if (unreadable_info(ms, sb.st_mode, inname) == -1)
498 				goto done;
499 			rv = 0;
500 			goto done;
501 		}
502 
503 	} else {
504 		/* Windows refuses to read from a big console buffer. */
505 		size_t howmany =
506 #if defined(WIN32) && HOWMANY > 8 * 1024
507 				_isatty(fd) ? 8 * 1024 :
508 #endif
509 				HOWMANY;
510 		if ((nbytes = read(fd, (char *)buf, howmany)) == -1) {
511 			if (inname == NULL && fd != STDIN_FILENO)
512 				file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read fd %d", fd);
513 			else
514 				file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read `%s'",
515 				    inname == NULL ? "/dev/stdin" : inname);
516 			goto done;
517 		}
518 	}
519 
520 	(void)memset(buf + nbytes, 0, SLOP); /* NUL terminate */
521 	if (file_buffer(ms, fd, inname, buf, (size_t)nbytes) == -1)
522 		goto done;
523 	rv = 0;
524 done:
525 	free(buf);
526 	if (pos != (off_t)-1)
527 		(void)lseek(fd, pos, SEEK_SET);
528 	close_and_restore(ms, inname, fd, &sb);
529 out:
530 	return rv == 0 ? file_getbuffer(ms) : NULL;
531 }
532 
533 
534 public const char *
535 magic_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, const void *buf, size_t nb)
536 {
537 	if (ms == NULL)
538 		return NULL;
539 	if (file_reset(ms) == -1)
540 		return NULL;
541 	/*
542 	 * The main work is done here!
543 	 * We have the file name and/or the data buffer to be identified.
544 	 */
545 	if (file_buffer(ms, -1, NULL, buf, nb) == -1) {
546 		return NULL;
547 	}
548 	return file_getbuffer(ms);
549 }
550 #endif
551 
552 public const char *
553 magic_error(struct magic_set *ms)
554 {
555 	if (ms == NULL)
556 		return "Magic database is not open";
557 	return (ms->event_flags & EVENT_HAD_ERR) ? ms->o.buf : NULL;
558 }
559 
560 public int
561 magic_errno(struct magic_set *ms)
562 {
563 	if (ms == NULL)
564 		return EINVAL;
565 	return (ms->event_flags & EVENT_HAD_ERR) ? ms->error : 0;
566 }
567 
568 public int
569 magic_setflags(struct magic_set *ms, int flags)
570 {
571 	if (ms == NULL)
572 		return -1;
573 #if !defined(HAVE_UTIME) && !defined(HAVE_UTIMES)
574 	if (flags & MAGIC_PRESERVE_ATIME)
575 		return -1;
576 #endif
577 	ms->flags = flags;
578 	return 0;
579 }
580 
581 public int
582 magic_version(void)
583 {
584 	return MAGIC_VERSION;
585 }
586 
587 public int
588 magic_setparam(struct magic_set *ms, int param, const void *val)
589 {
590 	switch (param) {
591 	case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX:
592 		ms->indir_max = (uint16_t)*(const size_t *)val;
593 		return 0;
594 	case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX:
595 		ms->name_max = (uint16_t)*(const size_t *)val;
596 		return 0;
597 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX:
598 		ms->elf_phnum_max = (uint16_t)*(const size_t *)val;
599 		return 0;
600 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX:
601 		ms->elf_shnum_max = (uint16_t)*(const size_t *)val;
602 		return 0;
603 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX:
604 		ms->elf_notes_max = (uint16_t)*(const size_t *)val;
605 		return 0;
606 	case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX:
607 		ms->elf_notes_max = (uint16_t)*(const size_t *)val;
608 		return 0;
609 	default:
610 		errno = EINVAL;
611 		return -1;
612 	}
613 }
614 
615 public int
616 magic_getparam(struct magic_set *ms, int param, void *val)
617 {
618 	switch (param) {
619 	case MAGIC_PARAM_INDIR_MAX:
620 		*(size_t *)val = ms->indir_max;
621 		return 0;
622 	case MAGIC_PARAM_NAME_MAX:
623 		*(size_t *)val = ms->name_max;
624 		return 0;
625 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_PHNUM_MAX:
626 		*(size_t *)val = ms->elf_phnum_max;
627 		return 0;
628 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_SHNUM_MAX:
629 		*(size_t *)val = ms->elf_shnum_max;
630 		return 0;
631 	case MAGIC_PARAM_ELF_NOTES_MAX:
632 		*(size_t *)val = ms->elf_notes_max;
633 		return 0;
634 	case MAGIC_PARAM_REGEX_MAX:
635 		*(size_t *)val = ms->regex_max;
636 		return 0;
637 	default:
638 		errno = EINVAL;
639 		return -1;
640 	}
641 }
642