xref: /freebsd/contrib/file/src/apprentice.c (revision 49b49cda41feabe3439f7318e8bf40e3896c7bf4)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin 1986-1995.
3  * Software written by Ian F. Darwin and others;
4  * maintained 1995-present by Christos Zoulas and others.
5  *
6  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8  * are met:
9  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10  *    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
11  *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
20  * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 /*
29  * apprentice - make one pass through /etc/magic, learning its secrets.
30  */
31 
32 #include "file.h"
33 
34 #ifndef	lint
35 FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: apprentice.c,v 1.238 2015/09/12 18:10:42 christos Exp $")
36 #endif	/* lint */
37 
38 #include "magic.h"
39 #include <stdlib.h>
40 #ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
41 #include <unistd.h>
42 #endif
43 #ifdef HAVE_STDDEF_H
44 #include <stddef.h>
45 #endif
46 #include <string.h>
47 #include <assert.h>
48 #include <ctype.h>
49 #include <fcntl.h>
50 #ifdef QUICK
51 #include <sys/mman.h>
52 #endif
53 #include <dirent.h>
54 #if defined(HAVE_LIMITS_H)
55 #include <limits.h>
56 #endif
57 
58 #ifndef SSIZE_MAX
59 #define MAXMAGIC_SIZE        ((ssize_t)0x7fffffff)
60 #else
61 #define MAXMAGIC_SIZE        SSIZE_MAX
62 #endif
63 
64 #define	EATAB {while (isascii((unsigned char) *l) && \
65 		      isspace((unsigned char) *l))  ++l;}
66 #define LOWCASE(l) (isupper((unsigned char) (l)) ? \
67 			tolower((unsigned char) (l)) : (l))
68 /*
69  * Work around a bug in headers on Digital Unix.
70  * At least confirmed for: OSF1 V4.0 878
71  */
72 #if defined(__osf__) && defined(__DECC)
73 #ifdef MAP_FAILED
74 #undef MAP_FAILED
75 #endif
76 #endif
77 
78 #ifndef MAP_FAILED
79 #define MAP_FAILED (void *) -1
80 #endif
81 
82 #ifndef MAP_FILE
83 #define MAP_FILE 0
84 #endif
85 
86 #define ALLOC_CHUNK	(size_t)10
87 #define ALLOC_INCR	(size_t)200
88 
89 #define MAP_TYPE_MMAP	0
90 #define MAP_TYPE_MALLOC	1
91 #define MAP_TYPE_USER	2
92 
93 struct magic_entry {
94 	struct magic *mp;
95 	uint32_t cont_count;
96 	uint32_t max_count;
97 };
98 
99 struct magic_entry_set {
100 	struct magic_entry *me;
101 	uint32_t count;
102 	uint32_t max;
103 };
104 
105 struct magic_map {
106 	void *p;
107 	size_t len;
108 	int type;
109 	struct magic *magic[MAGIC_SETS];
110 	uint32_t nmagic[MAGIC_SETS];
111 };
112 
113 int file_formats[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
114 const size_t file_nformats = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
115 const char *file_names[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
116 const size_t file_nnames = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
117 
118 private int getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *, const char **, int);
119 private int hextoint(int);
120 private const char *getstr(struct magic_set *, struct magic *, const char *,
121     int);
122 private int parse(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *,
123     size_t, int);
124 private void eatsize(const char **);
125 private int apprentice_1(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
126 private size_t apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *);
127 private int apprentice_sort(const void *, const void *);
128 private void apprentice_list(struct mlist *, int );
129 private struct magic_map *apprentice_load(struct magic_set *,
130     const char *, int);
131 private struct mlist *mlist_alloc(void);
132 private void mlist_free(struct mlist *);
133 private void byteswap(struct magic *, uint32_t);
134 private void bs1(struct magic *);
135 private uint16_t swap2(uint16_t);
136 private uint32_t swap4(uint32_t);
137 private uint64_t swap8(uint64_t);
138 private char *mkdbname(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
139 private struct magic_map *apprentice_buf(struct magic_set *, struct magic *,
140     size_t);
141 private struct magic_map *apprentice_map(struct magic_set *, const char *);
142 private int check_buffer(struct magic_set *, struct magic_map *, const char *);
143 private void apprentice_unmap(struct magic_map *);
144 private int apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *, struct magic_map *,
145     const char *);
146 private int check_format_type(const char *, int);
147 private int check_format(struct magic_set *, struct magic *);
148 private int get_op(char);
149 private int parse_mime(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
150 private int parse_strength(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
151 private int parse_apple(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
152 private int parse_ext(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
153 
154 
155 private size_t magicsize = sizeof(struct magic);
156 
157 private const char usg_hdr[] = "cont\toffset\ttype\topcode\tmask\tvalue\tdesc";
158 
159 private struct {
160 	const char *name;
161 	size_t len;
162 	int (*fun)(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
163 } bang[] = {
164 #define	DECLARE_FIELD(name) { # name, sizeof(# name) - 1, parse_ ## name }
165 	DECLARE_FIELD(mime),
166 	DECLARE_FIELD(apple),
167 	DECLARE_FIELD(ext),
168 	DECLARE_FIELD(strength),
169 #undef	DECLARE_FIELD
170 	{ NULL, 0, NULL }
171 };
172 
173 #ifdef COMPILE_ONLY
174 
175 int main(int, char *[]);
176 
177 int
178 main(int argc, char *argv[])
179 {
180 	int ret;
181 	struct magic_set *ms;
182 	char *progname;
183 
184 	if ((progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
185 		progname++;
186 	else
187 		progname = argv[0];
188 
189 	if (argc != 2) {
190 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file\n", progname);
191 		return 1;
192 	}
193 
194 	if ((ms = magic_open(MAGIC_CHECK)) == NULL) {
195 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, strerror(errno));
196 		return 1;
197 	}
198 	ret = magic_compile(ms, argv[1]) == -1 ? 1 : 0;
199 	if (ret == 1)
200 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, magic_error(ms));
201 	magic_close(ms);
202 	return ret;
203 }
204 #endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
205 
206 struct type_tbl_s {
207 	const char name[16];
208 	const size_t len;
209 	const int type;
210 	const int format;
211 };
212 
213 /*
214  * XXX - the actual Single UNIX Specification says that "long" means "long",
215  * as in the C data type, but we treat it as meaning "4-byte integer".
216  * Given that the OS X version of file 5.04 did the same, I guess that passes
217  * the actual test; having "long" be dependent on how big a "long" is on
218  * the machine running "file" is silly.
219  */
220 static const struct type_tbl_s type_tbl[] = {
221 # define XX(s)		s, (sizeof(s) - 1)
222 # define XX_NULL	"", 0
223 	{ XX("invalid"),	FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
224 	{ XX("byte"),		FILE_BYTE,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
225 	{ XX("short"),		FILE_SHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
226 	{ XX("default"),	FILE_DEFAULT,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
227 	{ XX("long"),		FILE_LONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
228 	{ XX("string"),		FILE_STRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
229 	{ XX("date"),		FILE_DATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
230 	{ XX("beshort"),	FILE_BESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
231 	{ XX("belong"),		FILE_BELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
232 	{ XX("bedate"),		FILE_BEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
233 	{ XX("leshort"),	FILE_LESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
234 	{ XX("lelong"),		FILE_LELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
235 	{ XX("ledate"),		FILE_LEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
236 	{ XX("pstring"),	FILE_PSTRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
237 	{ XX("ldate"),		FILE_LDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
238 	{ XX("beldate"),	FILE_BELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
239 	{ XX("leldate"),	FILE_LELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
240 	{ XX("regex"),		FILE_REGEX,		FILE_FMT_STR },
241 	{ XX("bestring16"),	FILE_BESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
242 	{ XX("lestring16"),	FILE_LESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
243 	{ XX("search"),		FILE_SEARCH,		FILE_FMT_STR },
244 	{ XX("medate"),		FILE_MEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
245 	{ XX("meldate"),	FILE_MELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
246 	{ XX("melong"),		FILE_MELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
247 	{ XX("quad"),		FILE_QUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
248 	{ XX("lequad"),		FILE_LEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
249 	{ XX("bequad"),		FILE_BEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
250 	{ XX("qdate"),		FILE_QDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
251 	{ XX("leqdate"),	FILE_LEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
252 	{ XX("beqdate"),	FILE_BEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
253 	{ XX("qldate"),		FILE_QLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
254 	{ XX("leqldate"),	FILE_LEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
255 	{ XX("beqldate"),	FILE_BEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
256 	{ XX("float"),		FILE_FLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
257 	{ XX("befloat"),	FILE_BEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
258 	{ XX("lefloat"),	FILE_LEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
259 	{ XX("double"),		FILE_DOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
260 	{ XX("bedouble"),	FILE_BEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
261 	{ XX("ledouble"),	FILE_LEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
262 	{ XX("leid3"),		FILE_LEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
263 	{ XX("beid3"),		FILE_BEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
264 	{ XX("indirect"),	FILE_INDIRECT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
265 	{ XX("qwdate"),		FILE_QWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
266 	{ XX("leqwdate"),	FILE_LEQWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
267 	{ XX("beqwdate"),	FILE_BEQWDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
268 	{ XX("name"),		FILE_NAME,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
269 	{ XX("use"),		FILE_USE,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
270 	{ XX("clear"),		FILE_CLEAR,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
271 	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
272 };
273 
274 /*
275  * These are not types, and cannot be preceded by "u" to make them
276  * unsigned.
277  */
278 static const struct type_tbl_s special_tbl[] = {
279 	{ XX("name"),		FILE_NAME,		FILE_FMT_STR },
280 	{ XX("use"),		FILE_USE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
281 	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
282 };
283 # undef XX
284 # undef XX_NULL
285 
286 private int
287 get_type(const struct type_tbl_s *tbl, const char *l, const char **t)
288 {
289 	const struct type_tbl_s *p;
290 
291 	for (p = tbl; p->len; p++) {
292 		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0) {
293 			if (t)
294 				*t = l + p->len;
295 			break;
296 		}
297 	}
298 	return p->type;
299 }
300 
301 private int
302 get_standard_integer_type(const char *l, const char **t)
303 {
304 	int type;
305 
306 	if (isalpha((unsigned char)l[1])) {
307 		switch (l[1]) {
308 		case 'C':
309 			/* "dC" and "uC" */
310 			type = FILE_BYTE;
311 			break;
312 		case 'S':
313 			/* "dS" and "uS" */
314 			type = FILE_SHORT;
315 			break;
316 		case 'I':
317 		case 'L':
318 			/*
319 			 * "dI", "dL", "uI", and "uL".
320 			 *
321 			 * XXX - the actual Single UNIX Specification says
322 			 * that "L" means "long", as in the C data type,
323 			 * but we treat it as meaning "4-byte integer".
324 			 * Given that the OS X version of file 5.04 did
325 			 * the same, I guess that passes the actual SUS
326 			 * validation suite; having "dL" be dependent on
327 			 * how big a "long" is on the machine running
328 			 * "file" is silly.
329 			 */
330 			type = FILE_LONG;
331 			break;
332 		case 'Q':
333 			/* "dQ" and "uQ" */
334 			type = FILE_QUAD;
335 			break;
336 		default:
337 			/* "d{anything else}", "u{anything else}" */
338 			return FILE_INVALID;
339 		}
340 		l += 2;
341 	} else if (isdigit((unsigned char)l[1])) {
342 		/*
343 		 * "d{num}" and "u{num}"; we only support {num} values
344 		 * of 1, 2, 4, and 8 - the Single UNIX Specification
345 		 * doesn't say anything about whether arbitrary
346 		 * values should be supported, but both the Solaris 10
347 		 * and OS X Mountain Lion versions of file passed the
348 		 * Single UNIX Specification validation suite, and
349 		 * neither of them support values bigger than 8 or
350 		 * non-power-of-2 values.
351 		 */
352 		if (isdigit((unsigned char)l[2])) {
353 			/* Multi-digit, so > 9 */
354 			return FILE_INVALID;
355 		}
356 		switch (l[1]) {
357 		case '1':
358 			type = FILE_BYTE;
359 			break;
360 		case '2':
361 			type = FILE_SHORT;
362 			break;
363 		case '4':
364 			type = FILE_LONG;
365 			break;
366 		case '8':
367 			type = FILE_QUAD;
368 			break;
369 		default:
370 			/* XXX - what about 3, 5, 6, or 7? */
371 			return FILE_INVALID;
372 		}
373 		l += 2;
374 	} else {
375 		/*
376 		 * "d" or "u" by itself.
377 		 */
378 		type = FILE_LONG;
379 		++l;
380 	}
381 	if (t)
382 		*t = l;
383 	return type;
384 }
385 
386 private void
387 init_file_tables(void)
388 {
389 	static int done = 0;
390 	const struct type_tbl_s *p;
391 
392 	if (done)
393 		return;
394 	done++;
395 
396 	for (p = type_tbl; p->len; p++) {
397 		assert(p->type < FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
398 		file_names[p->type] = p->name;
399 		file_formats[p->type] = p->format;
400 	}
401 	assert(p - type_tbl == FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
402 }
403 
404 private int
405 add_mlist(struct mlist *mlp, struct magic_map *map, size_t idx)
406 {
407 	struct mlist *ml;
408 
409 	mlp->map = idx == 0 ? map : NULL;
410 	if ((ml = CAST(struct mlist *, malloc(sizeof(*ml)))) == NULL)
411 		return -1;
412 
413 	ml->map = NULL;
414 	ml->magic = map->magic[idx];
415 	ml->nmagic = map->nmagic[idx];
416 
417 	mlp->prev->next = ml;
418 	ml->prev = mlp->prev;
419 	ml->next = mlp;
420 	mlp->prev = ml;
421 	return 0;
422 }
423 
424 /*
425  * Handle one file or directory.
426  */
427 private int
428 apprentice_1(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
429 {
430 	struct magic_map *map;
431 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
432 	struct mlist *ml;
433 	size_t i;
434 #endif
435 
436 	if (magicsize != FILE_MAGICSIZE) {
437 		file_error(ms, 0, "magic element size %lu != %lu",
438 		    (unsigned long)sizeof(*map->magic[0]),
439 		    (unsigned long)FILE_MAGICSIZE);
440 		return -1;
441 	}
442 
443 	if (action == FILE_COMPILE) {
444 		map = apprentice_load(ms, fn, action);
445 		if (map == NULL)
446 			return -1;
447 		return apprentice_compile(ms, map, fn);
448 	}
449 
450 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
451 	map = apprentice_map(ms, fn);
452 	if (map == NULL) {
453 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
454 			file_magwarn(ms, "using regular magic file `%s'", fn);
455 		map = apprentice_load(ms, fn, action);
456 		if (map == NULL)
457 			return -1;
458 	}
459 
460 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
461 		if (add_mlist(ms->mlist[i], map, i) == -1) {
462 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
463 			goto fail;
464 		}
465 	}
466 
467 	if (action == FILE_LIST) {
468 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
469 			printf("Set %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u:\nBinary patterns:\n",
470 			    i);
471 			apprentice_list(ms->mlist[i], BINTEST);
472 			printf("Text patterns:\n");
473 			apprentice_list(ms->mlist[i], TEXTTEST);
474 		}
475 	}
476 	return 0;
477 fail:
478 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
479 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
480 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
481 	}
482 	return -1;
483 #else
484 	return 0;
485 #endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
486 }
487 
488 protected void
489 file_ms_free(struct magic_set *ms)
490 {
491 	size_t i;
492 	if (ms == NULL)
493 		return;
494 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
495 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
496 	free(ms->o.pbuf);
497 	free(ms->o.buf);
498 	free(ms->c.li);
499 	free(ms);
500 }
501 
502 protected struct magic_set *
503 file_ms_alloc(int flags)
504 {
505 	struct magic_set *ms;
506 	size_t i, len;
507 
508 	if ((ms = CAST(struct magic_set *, calloc((size_t)1,
509 	    sizeof(struct magic_set)))) == NULL)
510 		return NULL;
511 
512 	if (magic_setflags(ms, flags) == -1) {
513 		errno = EINVAL;
514 		goto free;
515 	}
516 
517 	ms->o.buf = ms->o.pbuf = NULL;
518 	len = (ms->c.len = 10) * sizeof(*ms->c.li);
519 
520 	if ((ms->c.li = CAST(struct level_info *, malloc(len))) == NULL)
521 		goto free;
522 
523 	ms->event_flags = 0;
524 	ms->error = -1;
525 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
526 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
527 	ms->file = "unknown";
528 	ms->line = 0;
529 	ms->indir_max = FILE_INDIR_MAX;
530 	ms->name_max = FILE_NAME_MAX;
531 	ms->elf_shnum_max = FILE_ELF_SHNUM_MAX;
532 	ms->elf_phnum_max = FILE_ELF_PHNUM_MAX;
533 	ms->elf_notes_max = FILE_ELF_NOTES_MAX;
534 	ms->regex_max = FILE_REGEX_MAX;
535 	return ms;
536 free:
537 	free(ms);
538 	return NULL;
539 }
540 
541 private void
542 apprentice_unmap(struct magic_map *map)
543 {
544 	size_t i;
545 	if (map == NULL)
546 		return;
547 
548 	switch (map->type) {
549 #ifdef QUICK
550 	case MAP_TYPE_MMAP:
551 		if (map->p)
552 			(void)munmap(map->p, map->len);
553 		break;
554 #endif
555 	case MAP_TYPE_MALLOC:
556 		free(map->p);
557 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
558 			free(map->magic[i]);
559 		break;
560 	case MAP_TYPE_USER:
561 		break;
562 	default:
563 		abort();
564 	}
565 	free(map);
566 }
567 
568 private struct mlist *
569 mlist_alloc(void)
570 {
571 	struct mlist *mlist;
572 	if ((mlist = CAST(struct mlist *, calloc(1, sizeof(*mlist)))) == NULL) {
573 		return NULL;
574 	}
575 	mlist->next = mlist->prev = mlist;
576 	return mlist;
577 }
578 
579 private void
580 mlist_free(struct mlist *mlist)
581 {
582 	struct mlist *ml, *next;
583 
584 	if (mlist == NULL)
585 		return;
586 
587 	ml = mlist->next;
588 	for (ml = mlist->next; (next = ml->next) != NULL; ml = next) {
589 		if (ml->map)
590 			apprentice_unmap(ml->map);
591 		free(ml);
592 		if (ml == mlist)
593 			break;
594 	}
595 }
596 
597 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
598 /* void **bufs: an array of compiled magic files */
599 protected int
600 buffer_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic **bufs,
601     size_t *sizes, size_t nbufs)
602 {
603 	size_t i, j;
604 	struct mlist *ml;
605 	struct magic_map *map;
606 
607 	if (nbufs == 0)
608 		return -1;
609 
610 	if (ms->mlist[0] != NULL)
611 		file_reset(ms);
612 
613 	init_file_tables();
614 
615 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
616 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
617 		if ((ms->mlist[i] = mlist_alloc()) == NULL) {
618 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ms->mlist[i]));
619 			goto fail;
620 		}
621 	}
622 
623 	for (i = 0; i < nbufs; i++) {
624 		map = apprentice_buf(ms, bufs[i], sizes[i]);
625 		if (map == NULL)
626 			goto fail;
627 
628 		for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++) {
629 			if (add_mlist(ms->mlist[j], map, j) == -1) {
630 				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
631 				goto fail;
632 			}
633 		}
634 	}
635 
636 	return 0;
637 fail:
638 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
639 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
640 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
641 	}
642 	return -1;
643 }
644 #endif
645 
646 /* const char *fn: list of magic files and directories */
647 protected int
648 file_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
649 {
650 	char *p, *mfn;
651 	int file_err, errs = -1;
652 	size_t i;
653 
654 	if (ms->mlist[0] != NULL)
655 		file_reset(ms);
656 
657 	if ((fn = magic_getpath(fn, action)) == NULL)
658 		return -1;
659 
660 	init_file_tables();
661 
662 	if ((mfn = strdup(fn)) == NULL) {
663 		file_oomem(ms, strlen(fn));
664 		return -1;
665 	}
666 
667 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
668 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
669 		if ((ms->mlist[i] = mlist_alloc()) == NULL) {
670 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ms->mlist[i]));
671 			while (i-- > 0) {
672 				mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
673 				ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
674 			}
675 			free(mfn);
676 			return -1;
677 		}
678 	}
679 	fn = mfn;
680 
681 	while (fn) {
682 		p = strchr(fn, PATHSEP);
683 		if (p)
684 			*p++ = '\0';
685 		if (*fn == '\0')
686 			break;
687 		file_err = apprentice_1(ms, fn, action);
688 		errs = MAX(errs, file_err);
689 		fn = p;
690 	}
691 
692 	free(mfn);
693 
694 	if (errs == -1) {
695 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
696 			mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
697 			ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
698 		}
699 		file_error(ms, 0, "could not find any valid magic files!");
700 		return -1;
701 	}
702 
703 #if 0
704 	/*
705 	 * Always leave the database loaded
706 	 */
707 	if (action == FILE_LOAD)
708 		return 0;
709 
710 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
711 		mlist_free(ms->mlist[i]);
712 		ms->mlist[i] = NULL;
713 	}
714 #endif
715 
716 	switch (action) {
717 	case FILE_LOAD:
718 	case FILE_COMPILE:
719 	case FILE_CHECK:
720 	case FILE_LIST:
721 		return 0;
722 	default:
723 		file_error(ms, 0, "Invalid action %d", action);
724 		return -1;
725 	}
726 }
727 
728 /*
729  * Compute the real length of a magic expression, for the purposes
730  * of determining how "strong" a magic expression is (approximating
731  * how specific its matches are):
732  *	- magic characters count 0 unless escaped.
733  *	- [] expressions count 1
734  *	- {} expressions count 0
735  *	- regular characters or escaped magic characters count 1
736  *	- 0 length expressions count as one
737  */
738 private size_t
739 nonmagic(const char *str)
740 {
741 	const char *p;
742 	size_t rv = 0;
743 
744 	for (p = str; *p; p++)
745 		switch (*p) {
746 		case '\\':	/* Escaped anything counts 1 */
747 			if (!*++p)
748 				p--;
749 			rv++;
750 			continue;
751 		case '?':	/* Magic characters count 0 */
752 		case '*':
753 		case '.':
754 		case '+':
755 		case '^':
756 		case '$':
757 			continue;
758 		case '[':	/* Bracketed expressions count 1 the ']' */
759 			while (*p && *p != ']')
760 				p++;
761 			p--;
762 			continue;
763 		case '{':	/* Braced expressions count 0 */
764 			while (*p && *p != '}')
765 				p++;
766 			if (!*p)
767 				p--;
768 			continue;
769 		default:	/* Anything else counts 1 */
770 			rv++;
771 			continue;
772 		}
773 
774 	return rv == 0 ? 1 : rv;	/* Return at least 1 */
775 }
776 
777 /*
778  * Get weight of this magic entry, for sorting purposes.
779  */
780 private size_t
781 apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *m)
782 {
783 #define MULT 10
784 	size_t v, val = 2 * MULT;	/* baseline strength */
785 
786 	switch (m->type) {
787 	case FILE_DEFAULT:	/* make sure this sorts last */
788 		if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE)
789 			abort();
790 		return 0;
791 
792 	case FILE_BYTE:
793 		val += 1 * MULT;
794 		break;
795 
796 	case FILE_SHORT:
797 	case FILE_LESHORT:
798 	case FILE_BESHORT:
799 		val += 2 * MULT;
800 		break;
801 
802 	case FILE_LONG:
803 	case FILE_LELONG:
804 	case FILE_BELONG:
805 	case FILE_MELONG:
806 		val += 4 * MULT;
807 		break;
808 
809 	case FILE_PSTRING:
810 	case FILE_STRING:
811 		val += m->vallen * MULT;
812 		break;
813 
814 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
815 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
816 		val += m->vallen * MULT / 2;
817 		break;
818 
819 	case FILE_SEARCH:
820 		val += m->vallen * MAX(MULT / m->vallen, 1);
821 		break;
822 
823 	case FILE_REGEX:
824 		v = nonmagic(m->value.s);
825 		val += v * MAX(MULT / v, 1);
826 		break;
827 
828 	case FILE_DATE:
829 	case FILE_LEDATE:
830 	case FILE_BEDATE:
831 	case FILE_MEDATE:
832 	case FILE_LDATE:
833 	case FILE_LELDATE:
834 	case FILE_BELDATE:
835 	case FILE_MELDATE:
836 	case FILE_FLOAT:
837 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
838 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
839 		val += 4 * MULT;
840 		break;
841 
842 	case FILE_QUAD:
843 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
844 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
845 	case FILE_QDATE:
846 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
847 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
848 	case FILE_QLDATE:
849 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
850 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
851 	case FILE_QWDATE:
852 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
853 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
854 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
855 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
856 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
857 		val += 8 * MULT;
858 		break;
859 
860 	case FILE_INDIRECT:
861 	case FILE_NAME:
862 	case FILE_USE:
863 		break;
864 
865 	default:
866 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad type %d\n", m->type);
867 		abort();
868 	}
869 
870 	switch (m->reln) {
871 	case 'x':	/* matches anything penalize */
872 	case '!':       /* matches almost anything penalize */
873 		val = 0;
874 		break;
875 
876 	case '=':	/* Exact match, prefer */
877 		val += MULT;
878 		break;
879 
880 	case '>':
881 	case '<':	/* comparison match reduce strength */
882 		val -= 2 * MULT;
883 		break;
884 
885 	case '^':
886 	case '&':	/* masking bits, we could count them too */
887 		val -= MULT;
888 		break;
889 
890 	default:
891 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad relation %c\n", m->reln);
892 		abort();
893 	}
894 
895 	if (val == 0)	/* ensure we only return 0 for FILE_DEFAULT */
896 		val = 1;
897 
898 	switch (m->factor_op) {
899 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
900 		break;
901 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
902 		val += m->factor;
903 		break;
904 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
905 		val -= m->factor;
906 		break;
907 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
908 		val *= m->factor;
909 		break;
910 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
911 		val /= m->factor;
912 		break;
913 	default:
914 		abort();
915 	}
916 
917 	/*
918 	 * Magic entries with no description get a bonus because they depend
919 	 * on subsequent magic entries to print something.
920 	 */
921 	if (m->desc[0] == '\0')
922 		val++;
923 	return val;
924 }
925 
926 /*
927  * Sort callback for sorting entries by "strength" (basically length)
928  */
929 private int
930 apprentice_sort(const void *a, const void *b)
931 {
932 	const struct magic_entry *ma = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, a);
933 	const struct magic_entry *mb = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, b);
934 	size_t sa = apprentice_magic_strength(ma->mp);
935 	size_t sb = apprentice_magic_strength(mb->mp);
936 	if (sa == sb)
937 		return 0;
938 	else if (sa > sb)
939 		return -1;
940 	else
941 		return 1;
942 }
943 
944 /*
945  * Shows sorted patterns list in the order which is used for the matching
946  */
947 private void
948 apprentice_list(struct mlist *mlist, int mode)
949 {
950 	uint32_t magindex = 0;
951 	struct mlist *ml;
952 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
953 		for (magindex = 0; magindex < ml->nmagic; magindex++) {
954 			struct magic *m = &ml->magic[magindex];
955 			if ((m->flag & mode) != mode) {
956 				/* Skip sub-tests */
957 				while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
958 				       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0)
959 					++magindex;
960 				continue; /* Skip to next top-level test*/
961 			}
962 
963 			/*
964 			 * Try to iterate over the tree until we find item with
965 			 * description/mimetype.
966 			 */
967 			while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
968 			       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0 &&
969 			       *ml->magic[magindex].desc == '\0' &&
970 			       *ml->magic[magindex].mimetype == '\0')
971 				magindex++;
972 
973 			printf("Strength = %3" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u@%u: %s [%s]\n",
974 			    apprentice_magic_strength(m),
975 			    ml->magic[magindex].lineno,
976 			    ml->magic[magindex].desc,
977 			    ml->magic[magindex].mimetype);
978 		}
979 	}
980 }
981 
982 private void
983 set_test_type(struct magic *mstart, struct magic *m)
984 {
985 	switch (m->type) {
986 	case FILE_BYTE:
987 	case FILE_SHORT:
988 	case FILE_LONG:
989 	case FILE_DATE:
990 	case FILE_BESHORT:
991 	case FILE_BELONG:
992 	case FILE_BEDATE:
993 	case FILE_LESHORT:
994 	case FILE_LELONG:
995 	case FILE_LEDATE:
996 	case FILE_LDATE:
997 	case FILE_BELDATE:
998 	case FILE_LELDATE:
999 	case FILE_MEDATE:
1000 	case FILE_MELDATE:
1001 	case FILE_MELONG:
1002 	case FILE_QUAD:
1003 	case FILE_LEQUAD:
1004 	case FILE_BEQUAD:
1005 	case FILE_QDATE:
1006 	case FILE_LEQDATE:
1007 	case FILE_BEQDATE:
1008 	case FILE_QLDATE:
1009 	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
1010 	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
1011 	case FILE_QWDATE:
1012 	case FILE_LEQWDATE:
1013 	case FILE_BEQWDATE:
1014 	case FILE_FLOAT:
1015 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
1016 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
1017 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
1018 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
1019 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
1020 		mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1021 		break;
1022 	case FILE_STRING:
1023 	case FILE_PSTRING:
1024 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
1025 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
1026 		/* Allow text overrides */
1027 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
1028 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1029 		else
1030 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1031 		break;
1032 	case FILE_REGEX:
1033 	case FILE_SEARCH:
1034 		/* Check for override */
1035 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_BINTEST)
1036 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1037 		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
1038 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1039 
1040 		if (mstart->flag & (TEXTTEST|BINTEST))
1041 			break;
1042 
1043 		/* binary test if pattern is not text */
1044 		if (file_looks_utf8(m->value.us, (size_t)m->vallen, NULL,
1045 		    NULL) <= 0)
1046 			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
1047 		else
1048 			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
1049 		break;
1050 	case FILE_DEFAULT:
1051 		/* can't deduce anything; we shouldn't see this at the
1052 		   top level anyway */
1053 		break;
1054 	case FILE_INVALID:
1055 	default:
1056 		/* invalid search type, but no need to complain here */
1057 		break;
1058 	}
1059 }
1060 
1061 private int
1062 addentry(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me,
1063    struct magic_entry_set *mset)
1064 {
1065 	size_t i = me->mp->type == FILE_NAME ? 1 : 0;
1066 	if (mset[i].count == mset[i].max) {
1067 		struct magic_entry *mp;
1068 
1069 		mset[i].max += ALLOC_INCR;
1070 		if ((mp = CAST(struct magic_entry *,
1071 		    realloc(mset[i].me, sizeof(*mp) * mset[i].max))) ==
1072 		    NULL) {
1073 			file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*mp) * mset[i].max);
1074 			return -1;
1075 		}
1076 		(void)memset(&mp[mset[i].count], 0, sizeof(*mp) *
1077 		    ALLOC_INCR);
1078 		mset[i].me = mp;
1079 	}
1080 	mset[i].me[mset[i].count++] = *me;
1081 	memset(me, 0, sizeof(*me));
1082 	return 0;
1083 }
1084 
1085 /*
1086  * Load and parse one file.
1087  */
1088 private void
1089 load_1(struct magic_set *ms, int action, const char *fn, int *errs,
1090    struct magic_entry_set *mset)
1091 {
1092 	size_t lineno = 0, llen = 0;
1093 	char *line = NULL;
1094 	ssize_t len;
1095 	struct magic_entry me;
1096 
1097 	FILE *f = fopen(ms->file = fn, "r");
1098 	if (f == NULL) {
1099 		if (errno != ENOENT)
1100 			file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read magic file `%s'",
1101 				   fn);
1102 		(*errs)++;
1103 		return;
1104 	}
1105 
1106 	memset(&me, 0, sizeof(me));
1107 	/* read and parse this file */
1108 	for (ms->line = 1; (len = getline(&line, &llen, f)) != -1;
1109 	    ms->line++) {
1110 		if (len == 0) /* null line, garbage, etc */
1111 			continue;
1112 		if (line[len - 1] == '\n') {
1113 			lineno++;
1114 			line[len - 1] = '\0'; /* delete newline */
1115 		}
1116 		switch (line[0]) {
1117 		case '\0':	/* empty, do not parse */
1118 		case '#':	/* comment, do not parse */
1119 			continue;
1120 		case '!':
1121 			if (line[1] == ':') {
1122 				size_t i;
1123 
1124 				for (i = 0; bang[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1125 					if ((size_t)(len - 2) > bang[i].len &&
1126 					    memcmp(bang[i].name, line + 2,
1127 					    bang[i].len) == 0)
1128 						break;
1129 				}
1130 				if (bang[i].name == NULL) {
1131 					file_error(ms, 0,
1132 					    "Unknown !: entry `%s'", line);
1133 					(*errs)++;
1134 					continue;
1135 				}
1136 				if (me.mp == NULL) {
1137 					file_error(ms, 0,
1138 					    "No current entry for :!%s type",
1139 						bang[i].name);
1140 					(*errs)++;
1141 					continue;
1142 				}
1143 				if ((*bang[i].fun)(ms, &me,
1144 				    line + bang[i].len + 2) != 0) {
1145 					(*errs)++;
1146 					continue;
1147 				}
1148 				continue;
1149 			}
1150 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1151 		default:
1152 		again:
1153 			switch (parse(ms, &me, line, lineno, action)) {
1154 			case 0:
1155 				continue;
1156 			case 1:
1157 				(void)addentry(ms, &me, mset);
1158 				goto again;
1159 			default:
1160 				(*errs)++;
1161 				break;
1162 			}
1163 		}
1164 	}
1165 	if (me.mp)
1166 		(void)addentry(ms, &me, mset);
1167 	free(line);
1168 	(void)fclose(f);
1169 }
1170 
1171 /*
1172  * parse a file or directory of files
1173  * const char *fn: name of magic file or directory
1174  */
1175 private int
1176 cmpstrp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
1177 {
1178         return strcmp(*(char *const *)p1, *(char *const *)p2);
1179 }
1180 
1181 
1182 private uint32_t
1183 set_text_binary(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme,
1184     uint32_t starttest)
1185 {
1186 	static const char text[] = "text";
1187 	static const char binary[] = "binary";
1188 	static const size_t len = sizeof(text);
1189 
1190 	uint32_t i = starttest;
1191 
1192 	do {
1193 		set_test_type(me[starttest].mp, me[i].mp);
1194 		if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) == 0)
1195 			continue;
1196 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s%s: %s\n",
1197 		    me[i].mp->mimetype,
1198 		    me[i].mp->mimetype[0] == '\0' ? "" : "; ",
1199 		    me[i].mp->desc[0] ? me[i].mp->desc : "(no description)",
1200 		    me[i].mp->flag & BINTEST ? binary : text);
1201 		if (me[i].mp->flag & BINTEST) {
1202 			char *p = strstr(me[i].mp->desc, text);
1203 			if (p && (p == me[i].mp->desc ||
1204 			    isspace((unsigned char)p[-1])) &&
1205 			    (p + len - me[i].mp->desc == MAXstring
1206 			    || (p[len] == '\0' ||
1207 			    isspace((unsigned char)p[len]))))
1208 				(void)fprintf(stderr, "*** Possible "
1209 				    "binary test for text type\n");
1210 		}
1211 	} while (++i < nme && me[i].mp->cont_level != 0);
1212 	return i;
1213 }
1214 
1215 private void
1216 set_last_default(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme)
1217 {
1218 	uint32_t i;
1219 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++) {
1220 		if (me[i].mp->cont_level == 0 &&
1221 		    me[i].mp->type == FILE_DEFAULT) {
1222 			while (++i < nme)
1223 				if (me[i].mp->cont_level == 0)
1224 					break;
1225 			if (i != nme) {
1226 				/* XXX - Ugh! */
1227 				ms->line = me[i].mp->lineno;
1228 				file_magwarn(ms,
1229 				    "level 0 \"default\" did not sort last");
1230 			}
1231 			return;
1232 		}
1233 	}
1234 }
1235 
1236 private int
1237 coalesce_entries(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme,
1238     struct magic **ma, uint32_t *nma)
1239 {
1240 	uint32_t i, mentrycount = 0;
1241 	size_t slen;
1242 
1243 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++)
1244 		mentrycount += me[i].cont_count;
1245 
1246 	slen = sizeof(**ma) * mentrycount;
1247 	if ((*ma = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(slen))) == NULL) {
1248 		file_oomem(ms, slen);
1249 		return -1;
1250 	}
1251 
1252 	mentrycount = 0;
1253 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++) {
1254 		(void)memcpy(*ma + mentrycount, me[i].mp,
1255 		    me[i].cont_count * sizeof(**ma));
1256 		mentrycount += me[i].cont_count;
1257 	}
1258 	*nma = mentrycount;
1259 	return 0;
1260 }
1261 
1262 private void
1263 magic_entry_free(struct magic_entry *me, uint32_t nme)
1264 {
1265 	uint32_t i;
1266 	if (me == NULL)
1267 		return;
1268 	for (i = 0; i < nme; i++)
1269 		free(me[i].mp);
1270 	free(me);
1271 }
1272 
1273 private struct magic_map *
1274 apprentice_load(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
1275 {
1276 	int errs = 0;
1277 	uint32_t i, j;
1278 	size_t files = 0, maxfiles = 0;
1279 	char **filearr = NULL, *mfn;
1280 	struct stat st;
1281 	struct magic_map *map;
1282 	struct magic_entry_set mset[MAGIC_SETS];
1283 	DIR *dir;
1284 	struct dirent *d;
1285 
1286 	memset(mset, 0, sizeof(mset));
1287 	ms->flags |= MAGIC_CHECK;	/* Enable checks for parsed files */
1288 
1289 
1290 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL)
1291 	{
1292 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
1293 		return NULL;
1294 	}
1295 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MALLOC;
1296 
1297 	/* print silly verbose header for USG compat. */
1298 	if (action == FILE_CHECK)
1299 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", usg_hdr);
1300 
1301 	/* load directory or file */
1302 	if (stat(fn, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1303 		dir = opendir(fn);
1304 		if (!dir) {
1305 			errs++;
1306 			goto out;
1307 		}
1308 		while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
1309 			if (asprintf(&mfn, "%s/%s", fn, d->d_name) < 0) {
1310 				file_oomem(ms,
1311 				    strlen(fn) + strlen(d->d_name) + 2);
1312 				errs++;
1313 				closedir(dir);
1314 				goto out;
1315 			}
1316 			if (stat(mfn, &st) == -1 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
1317 				free(mfn);
1318 				continue;
1319 			}
1320 			if (files >= maxfiles) {
1321 				size_t mlen;
1322 				maxfiles = (maxfiles + 1) * 2;
1323 				mlen = maxfiles * sizeof(*filearr);
1324 				if ((filearr = CAST(char **,
1325 				    realloc(filearr, mlen))) == NULL) {
1326 					file_oomem(ms, mlen);
1327 					free(mfn);
1328 					closedir(dir);
1329 					errs++;
1330 					goto out;
1331 				}
1332 			}
1333 			filearr[files++] = mfn;
1334 		}
1335 		closedir(dir);
1336 		qsort(filearr, files, sizeof(*filearr), cmpstrp);
1337 		for (i = 0; i < files; i++) {
1338 			load_1(ms, action, filearr[i], &errs, mset);
1339 			free(filearr[i]);
1340 		}
1341 		free(filearr);
1342 	} else
1343 		load_1(ms, action, fn, &errs, mset);
1344 	if (errs)
1345 		goto out;
1346 
1347 	for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++) {
1348 		/* Set types of tests */
1349 		for (i = 0; i < mset[j].count; ) {
1350 			if (mset[j].me[i].mp->cont_level != 0) {
1351 				i++;
1352 				continue;
1353 			}
1354 			i = set_text_binary(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count, i);
1355 		}
1356 		if (mset[j].me)
1357 			qsort(mset[j].me, mset[j].count, sizeof(*mset[j].me),
1358 			    apprentice_sort);
1359 
1360 		/*
1361 		 * Make sure that any level 0 "default" line is last
1362 		 * (if one exists).
1363 		 */
1364 		set_last_default(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count);
1365 
1366 		/* coalesce per file arrays into a single one */
1367 		if (coalesce_entries(ms, mset[j].me, mset[j].count,
1368 		    &map->magic[j], &map->nmagic[j]) == -1) {
1369 			errs++;
1370 			goto out;
1371 		}
1372 	}
1373 
1374 out:
1375 	for (j = 0; j < MAGIC_SETS; j++)
1376 		magic_entry_free(mset[j].me, mset[j].count);
1377 
1378 	if (errs) {
1379 		apprentice_unmap(map);
1380 		return NULL;
1381 	}
1382 	return map;
1383 }
1384 
1385 /*
1386  * extend the sign bit if the comparison is to be signed
1387  */
1388 protected uint64_t
1389 file_signextend(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, uint64_t v)
1390 {
1391 	if (!(m->flag & UNSIGNED)) {
1392 		switch(m->type) {
1393 		/*
1394 		 * Do not remove the casts below.  They are
1395 		 * vital.  When later compared with the data,
1396 		 * the sign extension must have happened.
1397 		 */
1398 		case FILE_BYTE:
1399 			v = (signed char) v;
1400 			break;
1401 		case FILE_SHORT:
1402 		case FILE_BESHORT:
1403 		case FILE_LESHORT:
1404 			v = (short) v;
1405 			break;
1406 		case FILE_DATE:
1407 		case FILE_BEDATE:
1408 		case FILE_LEDATE:
1409 		case FILE_MEDATE:
1410 		case FILE_LDATE:
1411 		case FILE_BELDATE:
1412 		case FILE_LELDATE:
1413 		case FILE_MELDATE:
1414 		case FILE_LONG:
1415 		case FILE_BELONG:
1416 		case FILE_LELONG:
1417 		case FILE_MELONG:
1418 		case FILE_FLOAT:
1419 		case FILE_BEFLOAT:
1420 		case FILE_LEFLOAT:
1421 			v = (int32_t) v;
1422 			break;
1423 		case FILE_QUAD:
1424 		case FILE_BEQUAD:
1425 		case FILE_LEQUAD:
1426 		case FILE_QDATE:
1427 		case FILE_QLDATE:
1428 		case FILE_QWDATE:
1429 		case FILE_BEQDATE:
1430 		case FILE_BEQLDATE:
1431 		case FILE_BEQWDATE:
1432 		case FILE_LEQDATE:
1433 		case FILE_LEQLDATE:
1434 		case FILE_LEQWDATE:
1435 		case FILE_DOUBLE:
1436 		case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
1437 		case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
1438 			v = (int64_t) v;
1439 			break;
1440 		case FILE_STRING:
1441 		case FILE_PSTRING:
1442 		case FILE_BESTRING16:
1443 		case FILE_LESTRING16:
1444 		case FILE_REGEX:
1445 		case FILE_SEARCH:
1446 		case FILE_DEFAULT:
1447 		case FILE_INDIRECT:
1448 		case FILE_NAME:
1449 		case FILE_USE:
1450 		case FILE_CLEAR:
1451 			break;
1452 		default:
1453 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1454 			    file_magwarn(ms, "cannot happen: m->type=%d\n",
1455 				    m->type);
1456 			return ~0U;
1457 		}
1458 	}
1459 	return v;
1460 }
1461 
1462 private int
1463 string_modifier_check(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
1464 {
1465 	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) == 0)
1466 		return 0;
1467 
1468 	if ((m->type != FILE_REGEX || (m->str_flags & REGEX_LINE_COUNT) == 0) &&
1469 	    (m->type != FILE_PSTRING && (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) != 0)) {
1470 		file_magwarn(ms,
1471 		    "'/BHhLl' modifiers are only allowed for pascal strings\n");
1472 		return -1;
1473 	}
1474 	switch (m->type) {
1475 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
1476 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
1477 		if (m->str_flags != 0) {
1478 			file_magwarn(ms,
1479 			    "no modifiers allowed for 16-bit strings\n");
1480 			return -1;
1481 		}
1482 		break;
1483 	case FILE_STRING:
1484 	case FILE_PSTRING:
1485 		if ((m->str_flags & REGEX_OFFSET_START) != 0) {
1486 			file_magwarn(ms,
1487 			    "'/%c' only allowed on regex and search\n",
1488 			    CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START);
1489 			return -1;
1490 		}
1491 		break;
1492 	case FILE_SEARCH:
1493 		if (m->str_range == 0) {
1494 			file_magwarn(ms,
1495 			    "missing range; defaulting to %d\n",
1496                             STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE);
1497 			m->str_range = STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE;
1498 			return -1;
1499 		}
1500 		break;
1501 	case FILE_REGEX:
1502 		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
1503 			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
1504 			    CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE);
1505 			return -1;
1506 		}
1507 		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
1508 			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
1509 			    CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE);
1510 			return -1;
1511 		}
1512 		break;
1513 	default:
1514 		file_magwarn(ms, "coding error: m->type=%d\n",
1515 		    m->type);
1516 		return -1;
1517 	}
1518 	return 0;
1519 }
1520 
1521 private int
1522 get_op(char c)
1523 {
1524 	switch (c) {
1525 	case '&':
1526 		return FILE_OPAND;
1527 	case '|':
1528 		return FILE_OPOR;
1529 	case '^':
1530 		return FILE_OPXOR;
1531 	case '+':
1532 		return FILE_OPADD;
1533 	case '-':
1534 		return FILE_OPMINUS;
1535 	case '*':
1536 		return FILE_OPMULTIPLY;
1537 	case '/':
1538 		return FILE_OPDIVIDE;
1539 	case '%':
1540 		return FILE_OPMODULO;
1541 	default:
1542 		return -1;
1543 	}
1544 }
1545 
1546 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1547 private int
1548 get_cond(const char *l, const char **t)
1549 {
1550 	static const struct cond_tbl_s {
1551 		char name[8];
1552 		size_t len;
1553 		int cond;
1554 	} cond_tbl[] = {
1555 		{ "if",		2,	COND_IF },
1556 		{ "elif",	4,	COND_ELIF },
1557 		{ "else",	4,	COND_ELSE },
1558 		{ "",		0,	COND_NONE },
1559 	};
1560 	const struct cond_tbl_s *p;
1561 
1562 	for (p = cond_tbl; p->len; p++) {
1563 		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0 &&
1564 		    isspace((unsigned char)l[p->len])) {
1565 			if (t)
1566 				*t = l + p->len;
1567 			break;
1568 		}
1569 	}
1570 	return p->cond;
1571 }
1572 
1573 private int
1574 check_cond(struct magic_set *ms, int cond, uint32_t cont_level)
1575 {
1576 	int last_cond;
1577 	last_cond = ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond;
1578 
1579 	switch (cond) {
1580 	case COND_IF:
1581 		if (last_cond != COND_NONE && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1582 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1583 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `if'");
1584 			return -1;
1585 		}
1586 		last_cond = COND_IF;
1587 		break;
1588 
1589 	case COND_ELIF:
1590 		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1591 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1592 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `elif'");
1593 			return -1;
1594 		}
1595 		last_cond = COND_ELIF;
1596 		break;
1597 
1598 	case COND_ELSE:
1599 		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
1600 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1601 				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `else'");
1602 			return -1;
1603 		}
1604 		last_cond = COND_NONE;
1605 		break;
1606 
1607 	case COND_NONE:
1608 		last_cond = COND_NONE;
1609 		break;
1610 	}
1611 
1612 	ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond = last_cond;
1613 	return 0;
1614 }
1615 #endif /* ENABLE_CONDITIONALS */
1616 
1617 private int
1618 parse_indirect_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp)
1619 {
1620 	const char *l = *lp;
1621 
1622 	while (!isspace((unsigned char)*++l))
1623 		switch (*l) {
1624 		case CHAR_INDIRECT_RELATIVE:
1625 			m->str_flags |= INDIRECT_RELATIVE;
1626 			break;
1627 		default:
1628 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1629 				file_magwarn(ms, "indirect modifier `%c' "
1630 					"invalid", *l);
1631 			*lp = l;
1632 			return -1;
1633 		}
1634 	*lp = l;
1635 	return 0;
1636 }
1637 
1638 private void
1639 parse_op_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp,
1640     int op)
1641 {
1642 	const char *l = *lp;
1643 	char *t;
1644 	uint64_t val;
1645 
1646 	++l;
1647 	m->mask_op |= op;
1648 	val = (uint64_t)strtoull(l, &t, 0);
1649 	l = t;
1650 	m->num_mask = file_signextend(ms, m, val);
1651 	eatsize(&l);
1652 	*lp = l;
1653 }
1654 
1655 private int
1656 parse_string_modifier(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **lp)
1657 {
1658 	const char *l = *lp;
1659 	char *t;
1660 	int have_range = 0;
1661 
1662 	while (!isspace((unsigned char)*++l)) {
1663 		switch (*l) {
1664 		case '0':  case '1':  case '2':
1665 		case '3':  case '4':  case '5':
1666 		case '6':  case '7':  case '8':
1667 		case '9':
1668 			if (have_range && (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK))
1669 				file_magwarn(ms, "multiple ranges");
1670 			have_range = 1;
1671 			m->str_range = CAST(uint32_t, strtoul(l, &t, 0));
1672 			if (m->str_range == 0)
1673 				file_magwarn(ms, "zero range");
1674 			l = t - 1;
1675 			break;
1676 		case CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE:
1677 			m->str_flags |= STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE;
1678 			break;
1679 		case CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE:
1680 			m->str_flags |= STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE;
1681 			break;
1682 		case CHAR_IGNORE_LOWERCASE:
1683 			m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_LOWERCASE;
1684 			break;
1685 		case CHAR_IGNORE_UPPERCASE:
1686 			m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_UPPERCASE;
1687 			break;
1688 		case CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START:
1689 			m->str_flags |= REGEX_OFFSET_START;
1690 			break;
1691 		case CHAR_BINTEST:
1692 			m->str_flags |= STRING_BINTEST;
1693 			break;
1694 		case CHAR_TEXTTEST:
1695 			m->str_flags |= STRING_TEXTTEST;
1696 			break;
1697 		case CHAR_TRIM:
1698 			m->str_flags |= STRING_TRIM;
1699 			break;
1700 		case CHAR_PSTRING_1_LE:
1701 #define SET_LENGTH(a) m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | (a)
1702 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1703 				goto bad;
1704 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_1_LE);
1705 			break;
1706 		case CHAR_PSTRING_2_BE:
1707 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1708 				goto bad;
1709 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_2_BE);
1710 			break;
1711 		case CHAR_PSTRING_2_LE:
1712 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1713 				goto bad;
1714 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_2_LE);
1715 			break;
1716 		case CHAR_PSTRING_4_BE:
1717 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1718 				goto bad;
1719 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_4_BE);
1720 			break;
1721 		case CHAR_PSTRING_4_LE:
1722 			switch (m->type) {
1723 			case FILE_PSTRING:
1724 			case FILE_REGEX:
1725 				break;
1726 			default:
1727 				goto bad;
1728 			}
1729 			SET_LENGTH(PSTRING_4_LE);
1730 			break;
1731 		case CHAR_PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF:
1732 			if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
1733 				goto bad;
1734 			m->str_flags |= PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF;
1735 			break;
1736 		default:
1737 		bad:
1738 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1739 				file_magwarn(ms, "string modifier `%c' "
1740 					"invalid", *l);
1741 			goto out;
1742 		}
1743 		/* allow multiple '/' for readability */
1744 		if (l[1] == '/' && !isspace((unsigned char)l[2]))
1745 			l++;
1746 	}
1747 	if (string_modifier_check(ms, m) == -1)
1748 		goto out;
1749 	*lp = l;
1750 	return 0;
1751 out:
1752 	*lp = l;
1753 	return -1;
1754 }
1755 
1756 /*
1757  * parse one line from magic file, put into magic[index++] if valid
1758  */
1759 private int
1760 parse(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line,
1761     size_t lineno, int action)
1762 {
1763 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1764 	static uint32_t last_cont_level = 0;
1765 #endif
1766 	size_t i;
1767 	struct magic *m;
1768 	const char *l = line;
1769 	char *t;
1770 	int op;
1771 	uint32_t cont_level;
1772 	int32_t diff;
1773 
1774 	cont_level = 0;
1775 
1776 	/*
1777 	 * Parse the offset.
1778 	 */
1779 	while (*l == '>') {
1780 		++l;		/* step over */
1781 		cont_level++;
1782 	}
1783 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1784 	if (cont_level == 0 || cont_level > last_cont_level)
1785 		if (file_check_mem(ms, cont_level) == -1)
1786 			return -1;
1787 	last_cont_level = cont_level;
1788 #endif
1789 	if (cont_level != 0) {
1790 		if (me->mp == NULL) {
1791 			file_magerror(ms, "No current entry for continuation");
1792 			return -1;
1793 		}
1794 		if (me->cont_count == 0) {
1795 			file_magerror(ms, "Continuations present with 0 count");
1796 			return -1;
1797 		}
1798 		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count - 1];
1799 		diff = (int32_t)cont_level - (int32_t)m->cont_level;
1800 		if (diff > 1)
1801 			file_magwarn(ms, "New continuation level %u is more "
1802 			    "than one larger than current level %u", cont_level,
1803 			    m->cont_level);
1804 		if (me->cont_count == me->max_count) {
1805 			struct magic *nm;
1806 			size_t cnt = me->max_count + ALLOC_CHUNK;
1807 			if ((nm = CAST(struct magic *, realloc(me->mp,
1808 			    sizeof(*nm) * cnt))) == NULL) {
1809 				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*nm) * cnt);
1810 				return -1;
1811 			}
1812 			me->mp = m = nm;
1813 			me->max_count = CAST(uint32_t, cnt);
1814 		}
1815 		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count++];
1816 		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
1817 		m->cont_level = cont_level;
1818 	} else {
1819 		static const size_t len = sizeof(*m) * ALLOC_CHUNK;
1820 		if (me->mp != NULL)
1821 			return 1;
1822 		if ((m = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(len))) == NULL) {
1823 			file_oomem(ms, len);
1824 			return -1;
1825 		}
1826 		me->mp = m;
1827 		me->max_count = ALLOC_CHUNK;
1828 		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
1829 		m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
1830 		m->cont_level = 0;
1831 		me->cont_count = 1;
1832 	}
1833 	m->lineno = CAST(uint32_t, lineno);
1834 
1835 	if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below. */
1836                 ++l;            /* step over */
1837                 m->flag |= OFFADD;
1838         }
1839 	if (*l == '(') {
1840 		++l;		/* step over */
1841 		m->flag |= INDIR;
1842 		if (m->flag & OFFADD)
1843 			m->flag = (m->flag & ~OFFADD) | INDIROFFADD;
1844 
1845 		if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below */
1846 			++l;            /* step over */
1847 			m->flag |= OFFADD;
1848 		}
1849 	}
1850 	/* Indirect offsets are not valid at level 0. */
1851 	if (m->cont_level == 0 && (m->flag & (OFFADD | INDIROFFADD))) {
1852 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1853 			file_magwarn(ms, "relative offset at level 0");
1854 		return -1;
1855 	}
1856 
1857 	/* get offset, then skip over it */
1858 	m->offset = (uint32_t)strtoul(l, &t, 0);
1859         if (l == t) {
1860 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1861 			file_magwarn(ms, "offset `%s' invalid", l);
1862 		return -1;
1863 	}
1864         l = t;
1865 
1866 	if (m->flag & INDIR) {
1867 		m->in_type = FILE_LONG;
1868 		m->in_offset = 0;
1869 		/*
1870 		 * read [.lbs][+-]nnnnn)
1871 		 */
1872 		if (*l == '.') {
1873 			l++;
1874 			switch (*l) {
1875 			case 'l':
1876 				m->in_type = FILE_LELONG;
1877 				break;
1878 			case 'L':
1879 				m->in_type = FILE_BELONG;
1880 				break;
1881 			case 'm':
1882 				m->in_type = FILE_MELONG;
1883 				break;
1884 			case 'h':
1885 			case 's':
1886 				m->in_type = FILE_LESHORT;
1887 				break;
1888 			case 'H':
1889 			case 'S':
1890 				m->in_type = FILE_BESHORT;
1891 				break;
1892 			case 'c':
1893 			case 'b':
1894 			case 'C':
1895 			case 'B':
1896 				m->in_type = FILE_BYTE;
1897 				break;
1898 			case 'e':
1899 			case 'f':
1900 			case 'g':
1901 				m->in_type = FILE_LEDOUBLE;
1902 				break;
1903 			case 'E':
1904 			case 'F':
1905 			case 'G':
1906 				m->in_type = FILE_BEDOUBLE;
1907 				break;
1908 			case 'i':
1909 				m->in_type = FILE_LEID3;
1910 				break;
1911 			case 'I':
1912 				m->in_type = FILE_BEID3;
1913 				break;
1914 			default:
1915 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1916 					file_magwarn(ms,
1917 					    "indirect offset type `%c' invalid",
1918 					    *l);
1919 				return -1;
1920 			}
1921 			l++;
1922 		}
1923 
1924 		m->in_op = 0;
1925 		if (*l == '~') {
1926 			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
1927 			l++;
1928 		}
1929 		if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
1930 			m->in_op |= op;
1931 			l++;
1932 		}
1933 		if (*l == '(') {
1934 			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINDIRECT;
1935 			l++;
1936 		}
1937 		if (isdigit((unsigned char)*l) || *l == '-') {
1938 			m->in_offset = (int32_t)strtol(l, &t, 0);
1939 			if (l == t) {
1940 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1941 					file_magwarn(ms,
1942 					    "in_offset `%s' invalid", l);
1943 				return -1;
1944 			}
1945 			l = t;
1946 		}
1947 		if (*l++ != ')' ||
1948 		    ((m->in_op & FILE_OPINDIRECT) && *l++ != ')')) {
1949 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
1950 				file_magwarn(ms,
1951 				    "missing ')' in indirect offset");
1952 			return -1;
1953 		}
1954 	}
1955 	EATAB;
1956 
1957 #ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
1958 	m->cond = get_cond(l, &l);
1959 	if (check_cond(ms, m->cond, cont_level) == -1)
1960 		return -1;
1961 
1962 	EATAB;
1963 #endif
1964 
1965 	/*
1966 	 * Parse the type.
1967 	 */
1968 	if (*l == 'u') {
1969 		/*
1970 		 * Try it as a keyword type prefixed by "u"; match what
1971 		 * follows the "u".  If that fails, try it as an SUS
1972 		 * integer type.
1973 		 */
1974 		m->type = get_type(type_tbl, l + 1, &l);
1975 		if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
1976 			/*
1977 			 * Not a keyword type; parse it as an SUS type,
1978 			 * 'u' possibly followed by a number or C/S/L.
1979 			 */
1980 			m->type = get_standard_integer_type(l, &l);
1981 		}
1982 		/* It's unsigned. */
1983 		if (m->type != FILE_INVALID)
1984 			m->flag |= UNSIGNED;
1985 	} else {
1986 		/*
1987 		 * Try it as a keyword type.  If that fails, try it as
1988 		 * an SUS integer type if it begins with "d" or as an
1989 		 * SUS string type if it begins with "s".  In any case,
1990 		 * it's not unsigned.
1991 		 */
1992 		m->type = get_type(type_tbl, l, &l);
1993 		if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
1994 			/*
1995 			 * Not a keyword type; parse it as an SUS type,
1996 			 * either 'd' possibly followed by a number or
1997 			 * C/S/L, or just 's'.
1998 			 */
1999 			if (*l == 'd')
2000 				m->type = get_standard_integer_type(l, &l);
2001 			else if (*l == 's' && !isalpha((unsigned char)l[1])) {
2002 				m->type = FILE_STRING;
2003 				++l;
2004 			}
2005 		}
2006 	}
2007 
2008 	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2009 		/* Not found - try it as a special keyword. */
2010 		m->type = get_type(special_tbl, l, &l);
2011 	}
2012 
2013 	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
2014 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2015 			file_magwarn(ms, "type `%s' invalid", l);
2016 		return -1;
2017 	}
2018 
2019 	/* New-style anding: "0 byte&0x80 =0x80 dynamically linked" */
2020 	/* New and improved: ~ & | ^ + - * / % -- exciting, isn't it? */
2021 
2022 	m->mask_op = 0;
2023 	if (*l == '~') {
2024 		if (!IS_STRING(m->type))
2025 			m->mask_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
2026 		else if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2027 			file_magwarn(ms, "'~' invalid for string types");
2028 		++l;
2029 	}
2030 	m->str_range = 0;
2031 	m->str_flags = m->type == FILE_PSTRING ? PSTRING_1_LE : 0;
2032 	if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
2033 		if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
2034 			int r;
2035 
2036 			if (op != FILE_OPDIVIDE) {
2037 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2038 					file_magwarn(ms,
2039 					    "invalid string/indirect op: "
2040 					    "`%c'", *t);
2041 				return -1;
2042 			}
2043 
2044 			if (m->type == FILE_INDIRECT)
2045 				r = parse_indirect_modifier(ms, m, &l);
2046 			else
2047 				r = parse_string_modifier(ms, m, &l);
2048 			if (r == -1)
2049 				return -1;
2050 		} else
2051 			parse_op_modifier(ms, m, &l, op);
2052 	}
2053 
2054 	/*
2055 	 * We used to set mask to all 1's here, instead let's just not do
2056 	 * anything if mask = 0 (unless you have a better idea)
2057 	 */
2058 	EATAB;
2059 
2060 	switch (*l) {
2061 	case '>':
2062 	case '<':
2063   		m->reln = *l;
2064   		++l;
2065 		if (*l == '=') {
2066 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
2067 				file_magwarn(ms, "%c= not supported",
2068 				    m->reln);
2069 				return -1;
2070 			}
2071 		   ++l;
2072 		}
2073 		break;
2074 	/* Old-style anding: "0 byte &0x80 dynamically linked" */
2075 	case '&':
2076 	case '^':
2077 	case '=':
2078   		m->reln = *l;
2079   		++l;
2080 		if (*l == '=') {
2081 		   /* HP compat: ignore &= etc. */
2082 		   ++l;
2083 		}
2084 		break;
2085 	case '!':
2086 		m->reln = *l;
2087 		++l;
2088 		break;
2089 	default:
2090   		m->reln = '=';	/* the default relation */
2091 		if (*l == 'x' && ((isascii((unsigned char)l[1]) &&
2092 		    isspace((unsigned char)l[1])) || !l[1])) {
2093 			m->reln = *l;
2094 			++l;
2095 		}
2096 		break;
2097 	}
2098 	/*
2099 	 * Grab the value part, except for an 'x' reln.
2100 	 */
2101 	if (m->reln != 'x' && getvalue(ms, m, &l, action))
2102 		return -1;
2103 
2104 	/*
2105 	 * TODO finish this macro and start using it!
2106 	 * #define offsetcheck {if (offset > HOWMANY-1)
2107 	 *	magwarn("offset too big"); }
2108 	 */
2109 
2110 	/*
2111 	 * Now get last part - the description
2112 	 */
2113 	EATAB;
2114 	if (l[0] == '\b') {
2115 		++l;
2116 		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
2117 	} else if ((l[0] == '\\') && (l[1] == 'b')) {
2118 		++l;
2119 		++l;
2120 		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
2121 	}
2122 	for (i = 0; (m->desc[i++] = *l++) != '\0' && i < sizeof(m->desc); )
2123 		continue;
2124 	if (i == sizeof(m->desc)) {
2125 		m->desc[sizeof(m->desc) - 1] = '\0';
2126 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2127 			file_magwarn(ms, "description `%s' truncated", m->desc);
2128 	}
2129 
2130         /*
2131 	 * We only do this check while compiling, or if any of the magic
2132 	 * files were not compiled.
2133          */
2134         if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
2135 		if (check_format(ms, m) == -1)
2136 			return -1;
2137 	}
2138 #ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
2139 	if (action == FILE_CHECK) {
2140 		file_mdump(m);
2141 	}
2142 #endif
2143 	m->mimetype[0] = '\0';		/* initialise MIME type to none */
2144 	return 0;
2145 }
2146 
2147 /*
2148  * parse a STRENGTH annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
2149  * if valid
2150  */
2151 private int
2152 parse_strength(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2153 {
2154 	const char *l = line;
2155 	char *el;
2156 	unsigned long factor;
2157 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2158 
2159 	if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE) {
2160 		file_magwarn(ms,
2161 		    "Current entry already has a strength type: %c %d",
2162 		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
2163 		return -1;
2164 	}
2165 	if (m->type == FILE_NAME) {
2166 		file_magwarn(ms, "%s: Strength setting is not supported in "
2167 		    "\"name\" magic entries", m->value.s);
2168 		return -1;
2169 	}
2170 	EATAB;
2171 	switch (*l) {
2172 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
2173 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
2174 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
2175 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
2176 	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
2177 		m->factor_op = *l++;
2178 		break;
2179 	default:
2180 		file_magwarn(ms, "Unknown factor op `%c'", *l);
2181 		return -1;
2182 	}
2183 	EATAB;
2184 	factor = strtoul(l, &el, 0);
2185 	if (factor > 255) {
2186 		file_magwarn(ms, "Too large factor `%lu'", factor);
2187 		goto out;
2188 	}
2189 	if (*el && !isspace((unsigned char)*el)) {
2190 		file_magwarn(ms, "Bad factor `%s'", l);
2191 		goto out;
2192 	}
2193 	m->factor = (uint8_t)factor;
2194 	if (m->factor == 0 && m->factor_op == FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV) {
2195 		file_magwarn(ms, "Cannot have factor op `%c' and factor %u",
2196 		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
2197 		goto out;
2198 	}
2199 	return 0;
2200 out:
2201 	m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
2202 	m->factor = 0;
2203 	return -1;
2204 }
2205 
2206 private int
2207 goodchar(unsigned char x, const char *extra)
2208 {
2209 	return (isascii(x) && isalnum(x)) || strchr(extra, x);
2210 }
2211 
2212 private int
2213 parse_extra(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line,
2214     off_t off, size_t len, const char *name, const char *extra, int nt)
2215 {
2216 	size_t i;
2217 	const char *l = line;
2218 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[me->cont_count == 0 ? 0 : me->cont_count - 1];
2219 	char *buf = CAST(char *, CAST(void *, m)) + off;
2220 
2221 	if (buf[0] != '\0') {
2222 		len = nt ? strlen(buf) : len;
2223 		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry already has a %s type "
2224 		    "`%.*s', new type `%s'", name, (int)len, buf, l);
2225 		return -1;
2226 	}
2227 
2228 	if (*m->desc == '\0') {
2229 		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry does not yet have a "
2230 		    "description for adding a %s type", name);
2231 		return -1;
2232 	}
2233 
2234 	EATAB;
2235 	for (i = 0; *l && i < len && goodchar(*l, extra); buf[i++] = *l++)
2236 		continue;
2237 
2238 	if (i == len && *l) {
2239 		if (nt)
2240 			buf[len - 1] = '\0';
2241 		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2242 			file_magwarn(ms, "%s type `%s' truncated %"
2243 			    SIZE_T_FORMAT "u", name, line, i);
2244 	} else {
2245 		if (!isspace((unsigned char)*l) && !goodchar(*l, extra))
2246 			file_magwarn(ms, "%s type `%s' has bad char '%c'",
2247 			    name, line, *l);
2248 		if (nt)
2249 			buf[i] = '\0';
2250 	}
2251 
2252 	if (i > 0)
2253 		return 0;
2254 
2255 	file_magerror(ms, "Bad magic entry '%s'", line);
2256 	return -1;
2257 }
2258 
2259 /*
2260  * Parse an Apple CREATOR/TYPE annotation from magic file and put it into
2261  * magic[index - 1]
2262  */
2263 private int
2264 parse_apple(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2265 {
2266 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2267 
2268 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2269 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, apple)),
2270 	    sizeof(m->apple), "APPLE", "!+-./", 0);
2271 }
2272 
2273 /*
2274  * Parse a comma-separated list of extensions
2275  */
2276 private int
2277 parse_ext(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2278 {
2279 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2280 
2281 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2282 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, ext)),
2283 	    sizeof(m->ext), "EXTENSION", ",!+-/", 0);
2284 }
2285 
2286 /*
2287  * parse a MIME annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
2288  * if valid
2289  */
2290 private int
2291 parse_mime(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
2292 {
2293 	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];
2294 
2295 	return parse_extra(ms, me, line,
2296 	    CAST(off_t, offsetof(struct magic, mimetype)),
2297 	    sizeof(m->mimetype), "MIME", "+-/.", 1);
2298 }
2299 
2300 private int
2301 check_format_type(const char *ptr, int type)
2302 {
2303 	int quad = 0, h;
2304 	if (*ptr == '\0') {
2305 		/* Missing format string; bad */
2306 		return -1;
2307 	}
2308 
2309 	switch (file_formats[type]) {
2310 	case FILE_FMT_QUAD:
2311 		quad = 1;
2312 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2313 	case FILE_FMT_NUM:
2314 		if (quad == 0) {
2315 			switch (type) {
2316 			case FILE_BYTE:
2317 				h = 2;
2318 				break;
2319 			case FILE_SHORT:
2320 			case FILE_BESHORT:
2321 			case FILE_LESHORT:
2322 				h = 1;
2323 				break;
2324 			case FILE_LONG:
2325 			case FILE_BELONG:
2326 			case FILE_LELONG:
2327 			case FILE_MELONG:
2328 			case FILE_LEID3:
2329 			case FILE_BEID3:
2330 			case FILE_INDIRECT:
2331 				h = 0;
2332 				break;
2333 			default:
2334 				abort();
2335 			}
2336 		} else
2337 			h = 0;
2338 		if (*ptr == '-')
2339 			ptr++;
2340 		if (*ptr == '.')
2341 			ptr++;
2342 		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
2343 		if (*ptr == '.')
2344 			ptr++;
2345 		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
2346 		if (quad) {
2347 			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
2348 				return -1;
2349 			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
2350 				return -1;
2351 		}
2352 
2353 		switch (*ptr++) {
2354 #ifdef STRICT_FORMAT 	/* "long" formats are int formats for us */
2355 		/* so don't accept the 'l' modifier */
2356 		case 'l':
2357 			switch (*ptr++) {
2358 			case 'i':
2359 			case 'd':
2360 			case 'u':
2361 			case 'o':
2362 			case 'x':
2363 			case 'X':
2364 				return h != 0 ? -1 : 0;
2365 			default:
2366 				return -1;
2367 			}
2368 
2369 		/*
2370 		 * Don't accept h and hh modifiers. They make writing
2371 		 * magic entries more complicated, for very little benefit
2372 		 */
2373 		case 'h':
2374 			if (h-- <= 0)
2375 				return -1;
2376 			switch (*ptr++) {
2377 			case 'h':
2378 				if (h-- <= 0)
2379 					return -1;
2380 				switch (*ptr++) {
2381 				case 'i':
2382 				case 'd':
2383 				case 'u':
2384 				case 'o':
2385 				case 'x':
2386 				case 'X':
2387 					return 0;
2388 				default:
2389 					return -1;
2390 				}
2391 			case 'i':
2392 			case 'd':
2393 			case 'u':
2394 			case 'o':
2395 			case 'x':
2396 			case 'X':
2397 				return h != 0 ? -1 : 0;
2398 			default:
2399 				return -1;
2400 			}
2401 #endif
2402 		case 'c':
2403 			return h != 2 ? -1 : 0;
2404 		case 'i':
2405 		case 'd':
2406 		case 'u':
2407 		case 'o':
2408 		case 'x':
2409 		case 'X':
2410 #ifdef STRICT_FORMAT
2411 			return h != 0 ? -1 : 0;
2412 #else
2413 			return 0;
2414 #endif
2415 		default:
2416 			return -1;
2417 		}
2418 
2419 	case FILE_FMT_FLOAT:
2420 	case FILE_FMT_DOUBLE:
2421 		if (*ptr == '-')
2422 			ptr++;
2423 		if (*ptr == '.')
2424 			ptr++;
2425 		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
2426 		if (*ptr == '.')
2427 			ptr++;
2428 		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
2429 
2430 		switch (*ptr++) {
2431 		case 'e':
2432 		case 'E':
2433 		case 'f':
2434 		case 'F':
2435 		case 'g':
2436 		case 'G':
2437 			return 0;
2438 
2439 		default:
2440 			return -1;
2441 		}
2442 
2443 
2444 	case FILE_FMT_STR:
2445 		if (*ptr == '-')
2446 			ptr++;
2447 		while (isdigit((unsigned char )*ptr))
2448 			ptr++;
2449 		if (*ptr == '.') {
2450 			ptr++;
2451 			while (isdigit((unsigned char )*ptr))
2452 				ptr++;
2453 		}
2454 
2455 		switch (*ptr++) {
2456 		case 's':
2457 			return 0;
2458 		default:
2459 			return -1;
2460 		}
2461 
2462 	default:
2463 		/* internal error */
2464 		abort();
2465 	}
2466 	/*NOTREACHED*/
2467 	return -1;
2468 }
2469 
2470 /*
2471  * Check that the optional printf format in description matches
2472  * the type of the magic.
2473  */
2474 private int
2475 check_format(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
2476 {
2477 	char *ptr;
2478 
2479 	for (ptr = m->desc; *ptr; ptr++)
2480 		if (*ptr == '%')
2481 			break;
2482 	if (*ptr == '\0') {
2483 		/* No format string; ok */
2484 		return 1;
2485 	}
2486 
2487 	assert(file_nformats == file_nnames);
2488 
2489 	if (m->type >= file_nformats) {
2490 		file_magwarn(ms, "Internal error inconsistency between "
2491 		    "m->type and format strings");
2492 		return -1;
2493 	}
2494 	if (file_formats[m->type] == FILE_FMT_NONE) {
2495 		file_magwarn(ms, "No format string for `%s' with description "
2496 		    "`%s'", m->desc, file_names[m->type]);
2497 		return -1;
2498 	}
2499 
2500 	ptr++;
2501 	if (check_format_type(ptr, m->type) == -1) {
2502 		/*
2503 		 * TODO: this error message is unhelpful if the format
2504 		 * string is not one character long
2505 		 */
2506 		file_magwarn(ms, "Printf format `%c' is not valid for type "
2507 		    "`%s' in description `%s'", *ptr ? *ptr : '?',
2508 		    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
2509 		return -1;
2510 	}
2511 
2512 	for (; *ptr; ptr++) {
2513 		if (*ptr == '%') {
2514 			file_magwarn(ms,
2515 			    "Too many format strings (should have at most one) "
2516 			    "for `%s' with description `%s'",
2517 			    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
2518 			return -1;
2519 		}
2520 	}
2521 	return 0;
2522 }
2523 
2524 /*
2525  * Read a numeric value from a pointer, into the value union of a magic
2526  * pointer, according to the magic type.  Update the string pointer to point
2527  * just after the number read.  Return 0 for success, non-zero for failure.
2528  */
2529 private int
2530 getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **p, int action)
2531 {
2532 	switch (m->type) {
2533 	case FILE_BESTRING16:
2534 	case FILE_LESTRING16:
2535 	case FILE_STRING:
2536 	case FILE_PSTRING:
2537 	case FILE_REGEX:
2538 	case FILE_SEARCH:
2539 	case FILE_NAME:
2540 	case FILE_USE:
2541 		*p = getstr(ms, m, *p, action == FILE_COMPILE);
2542 		if (*p == NULL) {
2543 			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2544 				file_magwarn(ms, "cannot get string from `%s'",
2545 				    m->value.s);
2546 			return -1;
2547 		}
2548 		if (m->type == FILE_REGEX) {
2549 			file_regex_t rx;
2550 			int rc = file_regcomp(&rx, m->value.s, REG_EXTENDED);
2551 			if (rc) {
2552 				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
2553 					file_regerror(&rx, rc, ms);
2554 			}
2555 			file_regfree(&rx);
2556 			return rc ? -1 : 0;
2557 		}
2558 		return 0;
2559 	case FILE_FLOAT:
2560 	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
2561 	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
2562 		if (m->reln != 'x') {
2563 			char *ep;
2564 			errno = 0;
2565 #ifdef HAVE_STRTOF
2566 			m->value.f = strtof(*p, &ep);
2567 #else
2568 			m->value.f = (float)strtod(*p, &ep);
2569 #endif
2570 			if (errno == 0)
2571 				*p = ep;
2572 		}
2573 		return 0;
2574 	case FILE_DOUBLE:
2575 	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
2576 	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
2577 		if (m->reln != 'x') {
2578 			char *ep;
2579 			errno = 0;
2580 			m->value.d = strtod(*p, &ep);
2581 			if (errno == 0)
2582 				*p = ep;
2583 		}
2584 		return 0;
2585 	default:
2586 		if (m->reln != 'x') {
2587 			char *ep;
2588 			errno = 0;
2589 			m->value.q = file_signextend(ms, m,
2590 			    (uint64_t)strtoull(*p, &ep, 0));
2591 			if (errno == 0) {
2592 				*p = ep;
2593 				eatsize(p);
2594 			}
2595 		}
2596 		return 0;
2597 	}
2598 }
2599 
2600 /*
2601  * Convert a string containing C character escapes.  Stop at an unescaped
2602  * space or tab.
2603  * Copy the converted version to "m->value.s", and the length in m->vallen.
2604  * Return updated scan pointer as function result. Warn if set.
2605  */
2606 private const char *
2607 getstr(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char *s, int warn)
2608 {
2609 	const char *origs = s;
2610 	char	*p = m->value.s;
2611 	size_t  plen = sizeof(m->value.s);
2612 	char 	*origp = p;
2613 	char	*pmax = p + plen - 1;
2614 	int	c;
2615 	int	val;
2616 
2617 	while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
2618 		if (isspace((unsigned char) c))
2619 			break;
2620 		if (p >= pmax) {
2621 			file_error(ms, 0, "string too long: `%s'", origs);
2622 			return NULL;
2623 		}
2624 		if (c == '\\') {
2625 			switch(c = *s++) {
2626 
2627 			case '\0':
2628 				if (warn)
2629 					file_magwarn(ms, "incomplete escape");
2630 				s--;
2631 				goto out;
2632 
2633 			case '\t':
2634 				if (warn) {
2635 					file_magwarn(ms,
2636 					    "escaped tab found, use \\t instead");
2637 					warn = 0;	/* already did */
2638 				}
2639 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2640 			default:
2641 				if (warn) {
2642 					if (isprint((unsigned char)c)) {
2643 						/* Allow escaping of
2644 						 * ``relations'' */
2645 						if (strchr("<>&^=!", c) == NULL
2646 						    && (m->type != FILE_REGEX ||
2647 						    strchr("[]().*?^$|{}", c)
2648 						    == NULL)) {
2649 							file_magwarn(ms, "no "
2650 							    "need to escape "
2651 							    "`%c'", c);
2652 						}
2653 					} else {
2654 						file_magwarn(ms,
2655 						    "unknown escape sequence: "
2656 						    "\\%03o", c);
2657 					}
2658 				}
2659 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2660 			/* space, perhaps force people to use \040? */
2661 			case ' ':
2662 #if 0
2663 			/*
2664 			 * Other things people escape, but shouldn't need to,
2665 			 * so we disallow them
2666 			 */
2667 			case '\'':
2668 			case '"':
2669 			case '?':
2670 #endif
2671 			/* Relations */
2672 			case '>':
2673 			case '<':
2674 			case '&':
2675 			case '^':
2676 			case '=':
2677 			case '!':
2678 			/* and baskslash itself */
2679 			case '\\':
2680 				*p++ = (char) c;
2681 				break;
2682 
2683 			case 'a':
2684 				*p++ = '\a';
2685 				break;
2686 
2687 			case 'b':
2688 				*p++ = '\b';
2689 				break;
2690 
2691 			case 'f':
2692 				*p++ = '\f';
2693 				break;
2694 
2695 			case 'n':
2696 				*p++ = '\n';
2697 				break;
2698 
2699 			case 'r':
2700 				*p++ = '\r';
2701 				break;
2702 
2703 			case 't':
2704 				*p++ = '\t';
2705 				break;
2706 
2707 			case 'v':
2708 				*p++ = '\v';
2709 				break;
2710 
2711 			/* \ and up to 3 octal digits */
2712 			case '0':
2713 			case '1':
2714 			case '2':
2715 			case '3':
2716 			case '4':
2717 			case '5':
2718 			case '6':
2719 			case '7':
2720 				val = c - '0';
2721 				c = *s++;  /* try for 2 */
2722 				if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
2723 					val = (val << 3) | (c - '0');
2724 					c = *s++;  /* try for 3 */
2725 					if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
2726 						val = (val << 3) | (c-'0');
2727 					else
2728 						--s;
2729 				}
2730 				else
2731 					--s;
2732 				*p++ = (char)val;
2733 				break;
2734 
2735 			/* \x and up to 2 hex digits */
2736 			case 'x':
2737 				val = 'x';	/* Default if no digits */
2738 				c = hextoint(*s++);	/* Get next char */
2739 				if (c >= 0) {
2740 					val = c;
2741 					c = hextoint(*s++);
2742 					if (c >= 0)
2743 						val = (val << 4) + c;
2744 					else
2745 						--s;
2746 				} else
2747 					--s;
2748 				*p++ = (char)val;
2749 				break;
2750 			}
2751 		} else
2752 			*p++ = (char)c;
2753 	}
2754 	--s;
2755 out:
2756 	*p = '\0';
2757 	m->vallen = CAST(unsigned char, (p - origp));
2758 	if (m->type == FILE_PSTRING)
2759 		m->vallen += (unsigned char)file_pstring_length_size(m);
2760 	return s;
2761 }
2762 
2763 
2764 /* Single hex char to int; -1 if not a hex char. */
2765 private int
2766 hextoint(int c)
2767 {
2768 	if (!isascii((unsigned char) c))
2769 		return -1;
2770 	if (isdigit((unsigned char) c))
2771 		return c - '0';
2772 	if ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'f'))
2773 		return c + 10 - 'a';
2774 	if (( c>= 'A') && (c <= 'F'))
2775 		return c + 10 - 'A';
2776 	return -1;
2777 }
2778 
2779 
2780 /*
2781  * Print a string containing C character escapes.
2782  */
2783 protected void
2784 file_showstr(FILE *fp, const char *s, size_t len)
2785 {
2786 	char	c;
2787 
2788 	for (;;) {
2789 		if (len == ~0U) {
2790 			c = *s++;
2791 			if (c == '\0')
2792 				break;
2793 		}
2794 		else  {
2795 			if (len-- == 0)
2796 				break;
2797 			c = *s++;
2798 		}
2799 		if (c >= 040 && c <= 0176)	/* TODO isprint && !iscntrl */
2800 			(void) fputc(c, fp);
2801 		else {
2802 			(void) fputc('\\', fp);
2803 			switch (c) {
2804 			case '\a':
2805 				(void) fputc('a', fp);
2806 				break;
2807 
2808 			case '\b':
2809 				(void) fputc('b', fp);
2810 				break;
2811 
2812 			case '\f':
2813 				(void) fputc('f', fp);
2814 				break;
2815 
2816 			case '\n':
2817 				(void) fputc('n', fp);
2818 				break;
2819 
2820 			case '\r':
2821 				(void) fputc('r', fp);
2822 				break;
2823 
2824 			case '\t':
2825 				(void) fputc('t', fp);
2826 				break;
2827 
2828 			case '\v':
2829 				(void) fputc('v', fp);
2830 				break;
2831 
2832 			default:
2833 				(void) fprintf(fp, "%.3o", c & 0377);
2834 				break;
2835 			}
2836 		}
2837 	}
2838 }
2839 
2840 /*
2841  * eatsize(): Eat the size spec from a number [eg. 10UL]
2842  */
2843 private void
2844 eatsize(const char **p)
2845 {
2846 	const char *l = *p;
2847 
2848 	if (LOWCASE(*l) == 'u')
2849 		l++;
2850 
2851 	switch (LOWCASE(*l)) {
2852 	case 'l':    /* long */
2853 	case 's':    /* short */
2854 	case 'h':    /* short */
2855 	case 'b':    /* char/byte */
2856 	case 'c':    /* char/byte */
2857 		l++;
2858 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
2859 	default:
2860 		break;
2861 	}
2862 
2863 	*p = l;
2864 }
2865 
2866 /*
2867  * handle a buffer containing a compiled file.
2868  */
2869 private struct magic_map *
2870 apprentice_buf(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *buf, size_t len)
2871 {
2872 	struct magic_map *map;
2873 
2874 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL) {
2875 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
2876 		return NULL;
2877 	}
2878 	map->len = len;
2879 	map->p = buf;
2880 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_USER;
2881 	if (check_buffer(ms, map, "buffer") != 0) {
2882 		apprentice_unmap(map);
2883 		return NULL;
2884 	}
2885 	return map;
2886 }
2887 
2888 /*
2889  * handle a compiled file.
2890  */
2891 
2892 private struct magic_map *
2893 apprentice_map(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn)
2894 {
2895 	int fd;
2896 	struct stat st;
2897 	char *dbname = NULL;
2898 	struct magic_map *map;
2899 
2900 	fd = -1;
2901 	if ((map = CAST(struct magic_map *, calloc(1, sizeof(*map)))) == NULL) {
2902 		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*map));
2903 		goto error;
2904 	}
2905 
2906 	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 0);
2907 	if (dbname == NULL)
2908 		goto error;
2909 
2910 	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) == -1)
2911 		goto error;
2912 
2913 	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
2914 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot stat `%s'", dbname);
2915 		goto error;
2916 	}
2917 	if (st.st_size < 8 || st.st_size > MAXMAGIC_SIZE) {
2918 		file_error(ms, 0, "file `%s' is too %s", dbname,
2919 		    st.st_size < 8 ? "small" : "large");
2920 		goto error;
2921 	}
2922 
2923 	map->len = (size_t)st.st_size;
2924 #ifdef QUICK
2925 	if ((map->p = mmap(0, (size_t)st.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
2926 	    MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FILE, fd, (off_t)0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
2927 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot map `%s'", dbname);
2928 		goto error;
2929 	}
2930 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MMAP;
2931 #else
2932 	if ((map->p = CAST(void *, malloc(map->len))) == NULL) {
2933 		file_oomem(ms, map->len);
2934 		goto error;
2935 	}
2936 	if (read(fd, map->p, map->len) != (ssize_t)map->len) {
2937 		file_badread(ms);
2938 		goto error;
2939 	}
2940 	map->type = MAP_TYPE_MALLOC;
2941 #define RET	1
2942 #endif
2943 	(void)close(fd);
2944 	fd = -1;
2945 
2946 	if (check_buffer(ms, map, dbname) != 0)
2947 		goto error;
2948 
2949 	free(dbname);
2950 	return map;
2951 
2952 error:
2953 	if (fd != -1)
2954 		(void)close(fd);
2955 	apprentice_unmap(map);
2956 	free(dbname);
2957 	return NULL;
2958 }
2959 
2960 private int
2961 check_buffer(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_map *map, const char *dbname)
2962 {
2963 	uint32_t *ptr;
2964 	uint32_t entries, nentries;
2965 	uint32_t version;
2966 	int i, needsbyteswap;
2967 
2968 	ptr = CAST(uint32_t *, map->p);
2969 	if (*ptr != MAGICNO) {
2970 		if (swap4(*ptr) != MAGICNO) {
2971 			file_error(ms, 0, "bad magic in `%s'", dbname);
2972 			return -1;
2973 		}
2974 		needsbyteswap = 1;
2975 	} else
2976 		needsbyteswap = 0;
2977 	if (needsbyteswap)
2978 		version = swap4(ptr[1]);
2979 	else
2980 		version = ptr[1];
2981 	if (version != VERSIONNO) {
2982 		file_error(ms, 0, "File %s supports only version %d magic "
2983 		    "files. `%s' is version %d", VERSION,
2984 		    VERSIONNO, dbname, version);
2985 		return -1;
2986 	}
2987 	entries = (uint32_t)(map->len / sizeof(struct magic));
2988 	if ((entries * sizeof(struct magic)) != map->len) {
2989 		file_error(ms, 0, "Size of `%s' %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u is not "
2990 		    "a multiple of %" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u",
2991 		    dbname, map->len, sizeof(struct magic));
2992 		return -1;
2993 	}
2994 	map->magic[0] = CAST(struct magic *, map->p) + 1;
2995 	nentries = 0;
2996 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
2997 		if (needsbyteswap)
2998 			map->nmagic[i] = swap4(ptr[i + 2]);
2999 		else
3000 			map->nmagic[i] = ptr[i + 2];
3001 		if (i != MAGIC_SETS - 1)
3002 			map->magic[i + 1] = map->magic[i] + map->nmagic[i];
3003 		nentries += map->nmagic[i];
3004 	}
3005 	if (entries != nentries + 1) {
3006 		file_error(ms, 0, "Inconsistent entries in `%s' %u != %u",
3007 		    dbname, entries, nentries + 1);
3008 		return -1;
3009 	}
3010 	if (needsbyteswap)
3011 		for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++)
3012 			byteswap(map->magic[i], map->nmagic[i]);
3013 	return 0;
3014 }
3015 
3016 /*
3017  * handle an mmaped file.
3018  */
3019 private int
3020 apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_map *map, const char *fn)
3021 {
3022 	static const size_t nm = sizeof(*map->nmagic) * MAGIC_SETS;
3023 	static const size_t m = sizeof(**map->magic);
3024 	int fd = -1;
3025 	size_t len;
3026 	char *dbname;
3027 	int rv = -1;
3028 	uint32_t i;
3029 	union {
3030 		struct magic m;
3031 		uint32_t h[2 + MAGIC_SETS];
3032 	} hdr;
3033 
3034 	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 1);
3035 
3036 	if (dbname == NULL)
3037 		goto out;
3038 
3039 	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0644)) == -1)
3040 	{
3041 		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot open `%s'", dbname);
3042 		goto out;
3043 	}
3044 	memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
3045 	hdr.h[0] = MAGICNO;
3046 	hdr.h[1] = VERSIONNO;
3047 	memcpy(hdr.h + 2, map->nmagic, nm);
3048 
3049 	if (write(fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) != (ssize_t)sizeof(hdr)) {
3050 		file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
3051 		goto out;
3052 	}
3053 
3054 	for (i = 0; i < MAGIC_SETS; i++) {
3055 		len = m * map->nmagic[i];
3056 		if (write(fd, map->magic[i], len) != (ssize_t)len) {
3057 			file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
3058 			goto out;
3059 		}
3060 	}
3061 
3062 	if (fd != -1)
3063 		(void)close(fd);
3064 	rv = 0;
3065 out:
3066 	free(dbname);
3067 	return rv;
3068 }
3069 
3070 private const char ext[] = ".mgc";
3071 /*
3072  * make a dbname
3073  */
3074 private char *
3075 mkdbname(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int strip)
3076 {
3077 	const char *p, *q;
3078 	char *buf;
3079 
3080 	if (strip) {
3081 		if ((p = strrchr(fn, '/')) != NULL)
3082 			fn = ++p;
3083 	}
3084 
3085 	for (q = fn; *q; q++)
3086 		continue;
3087 	/* Look for .mgc */
3088 	for (p = ext + sizeof(ext) - 1; p >= ext && q >= fn; p--, q--)
3089 		if (*p != *q)
3090 			break;
3091 
3092 	/* Did not find .mgc, restore q */
3093 	if (p >= ext)
3094 		while (*q)
3095 			q++;
3096 
3097 	q++;
3098 	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
3099 	if (ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME) {
3100 		if (asprintf(&buf, "%.*s.mime%s", (int)(q - fn), fn, ext) < 0)
3101 			return NULL;
3102 		if (access(buf, R_OK) != -1) {
3103 			ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
3104 			return buf;
3105 		}
3106 		free(buf);
3107 	}
3108 	if (asprintf(&buf, "%.*s%s", (int)(q - fn), fn, ext) < 0)
3109 		return NULL;
3110 
3111 	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
3112 	if (strstr(p, ".mime") != NULL)
3113 		ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
3114 	return buf;
3115 }
3116 
3117 /*
3118  * Byteswap an mmap'ed file if needed
3119  */
3120 private void
3121 byteswap(struct magic *magic, uint32_t nmagic)
3122 {
3123 	uint32_t i;
3124 	for (i = 0; i < nmagic; i++)
3125 		bs1(&magic[i]);
3126 }
3127 
3128 /*
3129  * swap a short
3130  */
3131 private uint16_t
3132 swap2(uint16_t sv)
3133 {
3134 	uint16_t rv;
3135 	uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)(void *)&sv;
3136 	uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)(void *)&rv;
3137 	d[0] = s[1];
3138 	d[1] = s[0];
3139 	return rv;
3140 }
3141 
3142 /*
3143  * swap an int
3144  */
3145 private uint32_t
3146 swap4(uint32_t sv)
3147 {
3148 	uint32_t rv;
3149 	uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)(void *)&sv;
3150 	uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)(void *)&rv;
3151 	d[0] = s[3];
3152 	d[1] = s[2];
3153 	d[2] = s[1];
3154 	d[3] = s[0];
3155 	return rv;
3156 }
3157 
3158 /*
3159  * swap a quad
3160  */
3161 private uint64_t
3162 swap8(uint64_t sv)
3163 {
3164 	uint64_t rv;
3165 	uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)(void *)&sv;
3166 	uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)(void *)&rv;
3167 #if 0
3168 	d[0] = s[3];
3169 	d[1] = s[2];
3170 	d[2] = s[1];
3171 	d[3] = s[0];
3172 	d[4] = s[7];
3173 	d[5] = s[6];
3174 	d[6] = s[5];
3175 	d[7] = s[4];
3176 #else
3177 	d[0] = s[7];
3178 	d[1] = s[6];
3179 	d[2] = s[5];
3180 	d[3] = s[4];
3181 	d[4] = s[3];
3182 	d[5] = s[2];
3183 	d[6] = s[1];
3184 	d[7] = s[0];
3185 #endif
3186 	return rv;
3187 }
3188 
3189 /*
3190  * byteswap a single magic entry
3191  */
3192 private void
3193 bs1(struct magic *m)
3194 {
3195 	m->cont_level = swap2(m->cont_level);
3196 	m->offset = swap4((uint32_t)m->offset);
3197 	m->in_offset = swap4((uint32_t)m->in_offset);
3198 	m->lineno = swap4((uint32_t)m->lineno);
3199 	if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
3200 		m->str_range = swap4(m->str_range);
3201 		m->str_flags = swap4(m->str_flags);
3202 	}
3203 	else {
3204 		m->value.q = swap8(m->value.q);
3205 		m->num_mask = swap8(m->num_mask);
3206 	}
3207 }
3208 
3209 protected size_t
3210 file_pstring_length_size(const struct magic *m)
3211 {
3212 	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
3213 	case PSTRING_1_LE:
3214 		return 1;
3215 	case PSTRING_2_LE:
3216 	case PSTRING_2_BE:
3217 		return 2;
3218 	case PSTRING_4_LE:
3219 	case PSTRING_4_BE:
3220 		return 4;
3221 	default:
3222 		abort();	/* Impossible */
3223 		return 1;
3224 	}
3225 }
3226 protected size_t
3227 file_pstring_get_length(const struct magic *m, const char *ss)
3228 {
3229 	size_t len = 0;
3230 	const unsigned char *s = (const unsigned char *)ss;
3231 
3232 	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
3233 	case PSTRING_1_LE:
3234 		len = *s;
3235 		break;
3236 	case PSTRING_2_LE:
3237 		len = (s[1] << 8) | s[0];
3238 		break;
3239 	case PSTRING_2_BE:
3240 		len = (s[0] << 8) | s[1];
3241 		break;
3242 	case PSTRING_4_LE:
3243 		len = (s[3] << 24) | (s[2] << 16) | (s[1] << 8) | s[0];
3244 		break;
3245 	case PSTRING_4_BE:
3246 		len = (s[0] << 24) | (s[1] << 16) | (s[2] << 8) | s[3];
3247 		break;
3248 	default:
3249 		abort();	/* Impossible */
3250 	}
3251 
3252 	if (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF)
3253 		len -= file_pstring_length_size(m);
3254 
3255 	return len;
3256 }
3257 
3258 protected int
3259 file_magicfind(struct magic_set *ms, const char *name, struct mlist *v)
3260 {
3261 	uint32_t i, j;
3262 	struct mlist *mlist, *ml;
3263 
3264 	mlist = ms->mlist[1];
3265 
3266 	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
3267 		struct magic *ma = ml->magic;
3268 		uint32_t nma = ml->nmagic;
3269 		for (i = 0; i < nma; i++) {
3270 			if (ma[i].type != FILE_NAME)
3271 				continue;
3272 			if (strcmp(ma[i].value.s, name) == 0) {
3273 				v->magic = &ma[i];
3274 				for (j = i + 1; j < nma; j++)
3275 				    if (ma[j].cont_level == 0)
3276 					    break;
3277 				v->nmagic = j - i;
3278 				return 0;
3279 			}
3280 		}
3281 	}
3282 	return -1;
3283 }
3284