xref: /freebsd/contrib/file/magic/Magdir/linux (revision 7fdf597e96a02165cfe22ff357b857d5fa15ed8a)
1
2#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3# $File: linux,v 1.91 2024/11/09 21:15:48 christos Exp $
4# linux:  file(1) magic for Linux files
5#
6# Values for Linux/i386 binaries, from Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@yggdrasil.com>
7# The following basic Linux magic is useful for reference, but using
8# "long" magic is a better practice in order to avoid collisions.
9#
10# 2	leshort		100		Linux/i386
11# >0	leshort		0407		impure executable (OMAGIC)
12# >0	leshort		0410		pure executable (NMAGIC)
13# >0	leshort		0413		demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC)
14# >0	leshort		0314		demand-paged executable (QMAGIC)
15#
160	lelong		0x00640107	Linux/i386 impure executable (OMAGIC)
17>16	lelong		0		\b, stripped
180	lelong		0x00640108	Linux/i386 pure executable (NMAGIC)
19>16	lelong		0		\b, stripped
200	lelong		0x0064010b	Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC)
21>16	lelong		0		\b, stripped
220	lelong		0x006400cc	Linux/i386 demand-paged executable (QMAGIC)
23>16	lelong		0		\b, stripped
24#
250	string		\007\001\000	Linux/i386 object file
26>20	lelong		>0x1020		\b, DLL library
27# Linux-8086 stuff:
280	string		\01\03\020\04	Linux-8086 impure executable
29>28	long		!0		not stripped
300	string		\01\03\040\04	Linux-8086 executable
31>28	long		!0		not stripped
32#
330	string		\243\206\001\0	Linux-8086 object file
34#
350	string		\01\03\020\20	Minix-386 impure executable
36>28	long		!0		not stripped
370	string		\01\03\040\20	Minix-386 executable
38>28	long		!0		not stripped
390	string		\01\03\04\20	Minix-386 NSYM/GNU executable
40>28	long		!0		not stripped
41# core dump file, from Bill Reynolds <bill@goshawk.lanl.gov>
42216	lelong		0421		Linux/i386 core file
43!:strength / 2
44>220	string		>\0		of '%s'
45>200	lelong		>0		(signal %d)
46#
47# LILO boot/chain loaders, from Daniel Quinlan <quinlan@yggdrasil.com>
48# this can be overridden by the DOS executable (COM) entry
492	string		LILO		Linux/i386 LILO boot/chain loader
50#
51# Linux make config build file, from Ole Aamot <oka@oka.no>
52# Updated by Ken Sharp
5328	string		make\ config		Linux make config build file (old)
5449	search/70	Kernel\ Configuration	Linux make config build file
55
56#
57# PSF fonts, from H. Peter Anvin <hpa@yggdrasil.com>
58# Updated by Adam Buchbinder <adam.buchbinder@gmail.com>
59# See: https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/kbd/font-formats-1.html
600	leshort		0x0436		Linux/i386 PC Screen Font v1 data,
61>2	byte&0x01	0		256 characters,
62>2	byte&0x01	!0		512 characters,
63>2	byte&0x02	0		no directory,
64>2	byte&0x02	!0		Unicode directory,
65>3	byte		>0		8x%d
660	string		\x72\xb5\x4a\x86\x00\x00 Linux/i386 PC Screen Font v2 data,
67>16	lelong		x		%d characters,
68>12	lelong&0x01	0		no directory,
69>12	lelong&0x01	!0		Unicode directory,
70>28	lelong		x		%d
71>24	lelong		x		\bx%d
72
73# Linux swap and hibernate files
74# Linux kernel: include/linux/swap.h
75# util-linux: libblkid/src/superblocks/swap.c
76
77# format v0, unsupported since 2002
780xff6	string		SWAP-SPACE	Linux old swap file, 4k page size
790x1ff6	string		SWAP-SPACE	Linux old swap file, 8k page size
800x3ff6	string		SWAP-SPACE	Linux old swap file, 16k page size
810x7ff6	string		SWAP-SPACE	Linux old swap file, 32k page size
820xfff6	string		SWAP-SPACE	Linux old swap file, 64k page size
83
84# format v1, supported since 1998
850		name	linux-swap
86>0x400	lelong		1	little endian, version %u,
87>>0x404	lelong		x	size %u pages,
88>>0x408	lelong		x	%u bad pages,
89>0x400	belong		1	big endian, version %u,
90>>0x404	belong		x	size %u pages,
91>>0x408	belong		x	%u bad pages,
92>0x41c	string		\0	no label,
93>0x41c	string		>\0	LABEL=%s,
94>0x40c	ubelong		x	UUID=%08x
95>0x410	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
96>0x412	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
97>0x414	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
98>0x416	ubelong		x	\b-%08x
99>0x41a	ubeshort	x	\b%04x
100
1010xff6	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 4k page size,
102>0		use			linux-swap
1030x1ff6	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 8k page size,
104>0		use			linux-swap
1050x3ff6	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 16k page size,
106>0		use			linux-swap
1070x7ff6	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 32k page size,
108>0		use			linux-swap
1090xfff6	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 64k page size,
110>0		use			linux-swap
111
1120	name	linux-hibernate
113>0	string	S1SUSPEND	\b, with SWSUSP1 image
114>0	string	S2SUSPEND	\b, with SWSUSP2 image
115>0	string	ULSUSPEND	\b, with uswsusp image
116>0	string	LINHIB0001	\b, with compressed hibernate image
117>0	string	\xed\xc3\x02\xe9\x98\x56\xe5\x0c	\b, with tuxonice image
118>0	default	x			\b, with unknown hibernate image
119
1200xfec	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 4k page size,
121>0		use			linux-swap
122>0xff6	use			linux-hibernate
1230x1fec	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 8k page size,
124>0		use			linux-swap
125>0x1ff6	use			linux-hibernate
1260x3fec	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 16k page size,
127>0		use			linux-swap
128>0x3ff6	use			linux-hibernate
1290x7fec	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 32k page size,
130>0		use			linux-swap
131>0x7ff6	use			linux-hibernate
1320xffec	string		SWAPSPACE2	Linux swap file, 64k page size,
133>0		use			linux-swap
134>0xfff6	use			linux-hibernate
135
136#
137# Linux kernel boot images, from Albert Cahalan <acahalan@cs.uml.edu>
138# and others such as Axel Kohlmeyer <akohlmey@rincewind.chemie.uni-ulm.de>
139# and Nicolas Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
140# and Joerg Jenderek [unifying + more kernel info]
141# many start with: b8 c0 07 8e d8 b8 00 90 8e c0 b9 00 01 29 f6 29
142# by assembler instructions like: movw $0x07c0,%ax; movw %ax,%ds; movw $0x9000,%ax; movw %ax,%es; movw $0x0001,%cx; subw %si,%si; subw
143# Linux kernel boot images (i386 arch) (Wolfram Kleff)
144# URL: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/x86/boot.txt
145514	string		HdrS		Linux kernel
146# to display Linux kernel (strength=125=70+55) after VBR boot sector (130=70+60) but before DOS/MBR IPL (115=50+65), MBR boot sector (105=40+65) via ./filesystem
147# before MZ PE32 executable (EFI application) (strength=50) and before DOS executable (COM) (strength=40) with start instruction 0xe9 via ./msdos
148!:strength + 55
149# often no extension like in linux, vmlinuz, bzimage or memdisk but sometimes
150# Acronis Recovery kernel64.dat and Plop Boot Manager plpbtrom.bin
151# DamnSmallLinux 1.5 damnsmll.lnx
152#!:mime	application/octet-stream
153!:mime	application/x-linux-kernel
154!:ext	/dat/bin/lnx
155# GRR: does there exist here samples without 55AA boot signature? I believe NO (Joerg Jenderek)
156>510	leshort		0xAA55		x86 boot executable
157>>0		use	kernel-info
158# show information about Linux kernel (root, swap device, vga modus, boot protocol, setup size, init_size, EFI entry point)
1590		name	kernel-info
160# like: plpbtrom.bin
161# After 16 bit jump instruction Hi, are you searching something? This is the Plop Boot Manager written by Elmar Hanlhofer http?://www.plop.at
162>48	string		Plop\040Boot\040Manager		from PLOP Boot Manager
163# dummy test below 512 limit (for LILO 24.2 bootsect.b) to get same magic indention level like in v 1.85
164# and display comma before zImage/bzImage or version
165>498	leshort		x		\b,
166# boot protocol option flags valid since boot protocol >= 2.00
167>>518	leshort		>0x1ff
168# loadflags bit 0 (read); LOADED_HIGH; if 0, the protected-mode code is loaded at 0x10000
169>>>529	ubyte&0x01	0		zImage,
170# loadflags bit 0 (read); LOADED_HIGH; if 1, the protected-mode code is loaded at 0x100000; that implies is_bzImage
171>>>529	ubyte&0x01	1		bzImage,
172# kernel_version; since protocol 2.00 if not zero 2 byte pointer to kernel version string -200h; should be < 200h*setup_sects
173# 0h (ldntldr.bin plpbtrom.bin) 260h (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 3b0h (memdisk16.bin) 890h (damnsmll.lnx) 3400h (linux64) 3640h (linux)
174#>>>526	uleshort	x		kernel_version=%#4.4x
175>>>526	uleshort	>0
176# GRR: \353fHdrS\003\002 wrong shown if kernel_version=0 like in ldntldr.bin (GRUB for DOS)
177>>>>(526.s+0x200) string	>\0	version %s,
178# 498 MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry partition type (0~empty 1~FAT12) done by ./filesystems
179# 499 MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry end heads done by ./filesystems
180# root_flags; if set (=1), the root is mounted readonly; deprecated, use the "ro" or "rw" option on the command line instead
181#>>498	uleshort	>1		root_flags=%u
182>>498	leshort		1		RO-rootFS,
183>>498	leshort		0		RW-rootFS,
184# root_dev; default root device number like 0 301h (/dev/hda1 damnsmll.lnx) 380h (/dev/hd?? linux-elks); deprecated and replaced by command line option root=
185>>508	leshort		>0		root_dev %#X,
186# since protocol 2.04 the 2 upper bytes of long syssize and not swap_dev any more
187>>518	uleshort	<0x204
188# 502-505 MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry 1st LBA sector done by ./filesystems
189>>>502	leshort		>0		swap_dev %#X,
190>>504	leshort		>0		RAMdisksize %u KB,
191# 506-509 MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry sectors in partition done by ./filesystems
192>>506	leshort		0xFFFF		Normal VGA
193>>506	leshort		0xFFFE		Extended VGA
194>>506	leshort		0xFFFD		Prompt for Videomode
195>>506	leshort		>0		Video mode %d
196# more kernel information added by Joerg Jenderek 2023
197# if needed display comma after video mode and before setup_sects
198>>506	leshort		>-4
199>>>506	leshort		!0		\b,
200# setup_sects; if field contains 0, the real value is 4; size of the setup in sectors like:
201# 0 (memdisk16.bin) 1 (ldntldr.bin) 2 (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 4 (plpbtrom.bin linux-elks) 8 (bootsect.b) 10 (damnsmll.lnx) 25 27 (linux64) 29 30 31 33 (linux)
202# MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry start cylinder bits 0-7 done by ./filesystems
203>>497	ubyte		!0		setup size 512*%u
204>>497	ubyte		=0		setup size 512*4 (not 0)
205# 500 MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry end sectors+cylinder bits 8-9 done by ./filesystems
206# 501 MasterBootRecord 4th partition entry end cylinder bits 0-7 done by ./filesystems
207# syssize; 32-bit code size in 16-byte paragraphs; since protocol 2.04 long before unreliable short
208>>518	uleshort	<0x204		\b,
209# 0 (ldntldr.bin) 0 (memdisk16.bin) f180h (damnsmll.lnx)
210>>>500	uleshort	x		syssize %#x
211>>518	uleshort	>0x203		\b,
212# 0 (plpbtrom.bin) 1270h (linux-elks) 217eh (memtest32.bin) 22deh (memtest64.bin) 2c01h (memtest86+.bin) 459c6h (linux misinterpreted as swap_dev 0X4) 70c32h (linux64 misinterpreted as swap_dev 0X7)
213>>>500	ulelong		x		syssize %#x
214# jump; jump instruction relative to byte 0x202
215>>512	ubyte		=0xEB		\b, jump
216# jump adress like: 0x230 (damnsmll.lnx) 0x240 (memdisk16.bin) 0x268 (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin ldntldr.bin linux AFTER handover offset) 0x26c (linux64)
217>>>513	byte+2		x		0x2%2.2x
218# next instruction like:
219# b800088ec00fb60e	mov ax,0x0800; mov es,ax; movzx cx,byte []					memdisk16.bin
220# 8cc88ed88ec0e88b00	movw %cs,%ax; movw %ax,%ds; movw %ax,%es; call get_mem_info			memtest32.bin
221# 8cc88ed88ec0e88b00	movw %cs,%ax; movw %ax,%ds; movw %ax,%es; call get_mem_info			memtest64.bin
222>>>(513.b+514)		ubequad		x	%#16.16llx instruction
223# without jump instruction like: 0 (bootsect-lilo-24.2.b EOF!) 0xb8 (mov linux-elks) 0xfa (cli memtest86+.bin)
224>>512	ubyte		!0xEB		\b, at 0x200 %#x instruction
225# boot protocol version field valid since version >= 2.00 which is indicated by HdrS magic
226# so skip memtest86+.bin with misinterpreted protocol 144.0 (0x9000)
227>>514	string		HdrS		\b,
228# Boot protocol version; 2.3 (ldntldr.bin damnsmll.lnx) 2.6 (plpbtrom.bin) 2.10 2.11 (linux) 2.12 (memtest32.bin) 2.13 2.15 (linux64)
229>>>519	ubyte		x		protocol %u
230>>>518	ubyte		x		\b.%u
231# boot protocol in hexadecimal needed for addtional tests
232#>>>518	uleshort	x		(%#4.4x)
233# type_of_loader; Boot loader identifier; filled out by the bootloader
234>>>528		ubyte		>0	\b, loader %#x
235# loadflags; boot protocol option flags
236#>>>529	ubyte		x		loadflags=%#x
237# loadflags bit 1 (kernel internal); KASLR_FLAG KASLR status to kernel
238>>>529	ubyte&0x02	!0		\b, KASLR enabled
239# loadflags bit 5 (write); QUIET_FLAG
240>>>529	ubyte&0x20	!0		\b, quiet
241# loadflags bit 6 (write) since boot protocal version >= 2.07; KEEP_SEGMENTS
242>>>518	uleshort	>0x206
243>>>>529	ubyte&0x40	!0		\b, keep segments
244# loadflags bit 7 (write); CAN_USE_HEAP
245>>>529	ubyte&0x80	!0		\b, can use heap
246# payload_offset; since boot protocol 2.08 if non-zero contains offset of the protected-mode code to the payload like: cdh (linux) 40dh (linux64)
247>>>518	uleshort	>0x207
248>>>>584	ulelong		>0		\b, from protected-mode code at offset %#x
249# payload_length; since boot protocol 2.08 the length of the payload like: 452c41h (linux) 6fb644h (linux64)
250>>>>>588 ulelong	x		%#x bytes
251# jump setup size sectors a 512 bytes from kernel beginning
252>>>>>(497.b*512)	ubequad	x
253#>>>>>(497.b*512)	ubequad	x	512BYTES_BEFORE_PROTECTED-MODE_CODE=%#16.16llx
254# jump payload_offset bytes + 512 bytes (for boot sector) - 8 (ubequad length) to payload start
255#>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	x	PAYLOAD=%#4.4x
256# supported compression formats are gzip (magic numbers 1F8B or 1F9E linux) bzip2 (425A), LZMA (5D00 linux64), XZ (FD37) LZ4 (0221) ZST v0.8+ (28B5)
257>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0x1F8B	gzip compressed
258>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0x1F9E	gzip compressed
259>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0x425A	bzip2 compressed
260>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0x5D00	LZMA compressed
261>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0xFD37	XZ compressed
262>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0x0221	LZ4 compressed
263>>>>>>&(584.l+504) ubeshort	=0x28B5	ZST compressed
264# TODO: handle compressed data by ./compress; difficulties with leading space and duplicate gzip compressed
265#>>>>>>&(584.l+504) indirect	x	COMPRESS_NOT_WORKING
266# setup_move_size; for protocol 2.00-2.01; bytes starting with the beginning of the boot sector
267# like: 0 (ldntldr.bin memdisk16.bin memtest32.bin memtest64.bin plpbtrom.bin) 8000h (damnsmll.lnx linux linux64)
268>>>518	uleshort	<0x202
269>>>>518	uleshort	>0x1FF
270>>>>530	uleshort	x		\b, setup_move_size %#4.4x
271# code32_start; address to jump to in protected mode like: 100000h (linux linux64 memtest32.bin memtest64.bin)
272#>>>>532	ulelong		>0		\b, code32_start %#x
273# kernel_alignment; since boot protocol 2.05 alignment unit required by the kernel (if relocatable_kernel is true) like: 0 (plptrom.bin) 1000h (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 200000h (linux) 1000000h (linux64)
274#>>>518	uleshort	>0x204
275#>>>>560	ulelong		x		\b, kernel_alignment %#x
276# relocatable_kernel; since boot protocol 2.05 the protected-mode part of the kernel can be loaded at any address if this field is nonzero
277>>>518	uleshort	>0x204
278>>>>564	ubyte		=1		\b, relocatable
279#>>>>564	ubyte		x		\b, relocatable_kernel=%u
280# min_alignment; since boot protocol 2.10 if nonzero, indicates as a power of two the minimum alignment required like: 12 (4 KB memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 13 (8 KB linux) 21 (2 MB linux64)
281#>>>518	uleshort	>0x209
282#>>>>565	ubyte		>0		\b, min_alignment %u
283# xloadflags; since boot protocol 2.12 like: 3fh (linux64 unexpected value) 4h(memtest32.bin) 9h(memtest64.bin)
284>>>518	uleshort	>0x20B
285#>>>>566	uleshort	x		\b, xloadflags=%#4.4x
286# handover_offset; offset from beginning of kernel image to EFI handover protocol entry point like:
287# 0 (damnsmll.lnx ldntldr.bin) 10h (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 30h (linux) 190h (linux64) 8e9000b8h (plpbtrom.bin INVALID!)
288# this value makes only sense when 32 or 64-bit EFI handoff entry point
289>>>>566	uleshort&0x000C	!0		\b, handover offset
290>>>>>612 ulelong	x		%#x
291# Bit 0 XLF_KERNEL_64; if 1, this kernel has the legacy 64-bit entry point at 0x200
292>>>>566	uleshort&0x0001	!0		\b, legacy 64-bit entry point
293# Bit 1 XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G; if 1, kernel/boot_params/cmdline/ramdisk can be above 4G
294>>>>566	uleshort&0x0002	!0		\b, can be above 4G
295# Bit 2 XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_32; if 1, the kernel supports the 32-bit EFI handoff entry point
296>>>>566	uleshort&0x0004	!0		\b, 32-bit EFI handoff entry point
297# Bit 3 XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_64; if 1, the kernel supports the 64-bit EFI handoff entry point
298>>>>566	uleshort&0x0008	!0		\b, 64-bit EFI handoff entry point
299# Bit 4 EFI_KEXEC; if 1, the kernel supports kexec EFI boot with EFI runtime support
300>>>>566	uleshort&0x0010	!0		\b, EFI kexec boot support
301# GRR: What does bit 5 mean?
302>>>>566	uleshort&0x0020	!0		\b, xloadflags bit 5
303# cmdline_size; since boot protocol 2.06 maximum size of the kernel command line like: 255 (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 2047 (linux linux64 plpbtrom); version <= 2.06 maximum was 255
304>>>518	uleshort	>0x205
305>>>>568	ulelong		x		\b, max cmdline size %u
306# hardware_subarch; since boot protocol 2.07 hardware subarchtecture like: 0~default x86 1~lguest 2~Xen 3~Moorestown 4~CE4100 TV
307>>>518	uleshort	>0x206
308>>>>572	ulelong		>0		\b, hardware_subarch %u
309# hardware_subarch_data; since boot protocol 2.07 pointer to data specific for hardware subarch; unused for default x86
310>>>>>576 ulequad	>0		\b, hardware_subarch_data %#llx
311# setup_data; since boot protocol 2.09 64-bit physical pointer to NULL terminated single linked list of struct setup_data
312>>>518	uleshort	>0x208
313>>>>592	ulequad		>0		\b, setup_data %16.16llx
314# pref_address; since boot protocol 2.10 if nonzero preferred load address for kernel like: 100000h (memtest32.bin memtest64.bin) 200000h (linux) 1000000h (linux64)
315#>>>518	uleshort	>0x209
316#>>>>600	ulequad		>0		\b, pref_address %#llx
317# init_size; since boot protocol 2.10 indicates amount of contiguous memory kernel needs before it is capable of examining its memory map
318# like: 0h (damnsmll.lnx) 687f8h (memtest32.bin) 6acf8h (memtest64.bin) aa3000h (linux) 2514000h (linux64) 67ea0000h (memdisk16.bin INVALID) a4f3f2ffh (plpbtrom.bin INVALID) ffffff80h (ldntldr.bin INVALID)
319>>>518	uleshort	>0x209
320>>>>608	ulelong		x		\b, init_size %#x
321# This also matches new kernels, which were caught above by "HdrS".
322# but also few samples without "HdrS" magic like: bootsect-lilo-24.2.b linux-elks memtest86+.bin
323# URL:		https://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux-i386-Boot-Code-HOWTO/bootsect.html
324#0		belong	0xb8c0078e	Linux kernel
3250		belong	0xb8c0078e
326# to display Linux x86 kernel or Linux ELKS Kernel (strength=70=70+0) after VBR boot sector (130=70+60) DOS/MBR IPL (115=50+65), MBR boot sector (105=40+65) via ./filesystem
327#!:strength +0
328# "newer" kernel (with HdrS magic) already done before
329>514	string		HdrS
330# so handle "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic)
331>514	default	x			Linux
332#!:mime	application/octet-stream
333!:mime	application/x-linux-kernel
334# GRR: in file 5.45 remaining default clause not working for samples with size = 512 like LILO 24.2 bootsect.b
335>>0	belong	x
336# ELKS kernel variant is now unified with other "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic)
337>>0x1e6		belong		=0x454c4b53	ELKS Kernel
338!:ext	/
339# "old" kernel variant and not ELKS
340>>0x1e6		belong		!0x454c4b53	x86 kernel
341!:ext	/b/bin
342# show kernel version information based on "Loading" message offset
343>>0		use	kernel-version-old1
344# unified "old" variant with start instruction \xb8\xc0\x07\x8e\xd8\xb8\x00\x90
345>>4		string		\xd8\xb8\x00\x90
346# show kernel version information part 2 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on new HdrS field
347>>>0		use	kernel-version-old2
348# show kernel version information part 3 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on new HdrS field
349>>>0		use	kernel-version-old3
350# show common kernel information
351>>0		use	kernel-info
352# show kernel version information part 1 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on "Loading" message offset
3530		name	kernel-version-old1
354>0x1e3		string	Loading		version 1.3.79 or older
355>0x1e9		string	Loading		from prehistoric times
356# LILO 24.2-5.1 bootsect.b
357>0x1c5		string	Loading			from LILO 24.2
358# Memtest86 5.31b memtest86+.bin
359>0x1d2		string	Loading			from Memtest86 5.31b
360# DamnSmallLinux kernel version 2.4.26 damnsmll.lnx not needed because done by kernel_version pointer
361#>0x1cb		string	Loading			damnsmll.lnx 2.4.26~
362# Memtest86+ v6.20 memtest32.bin not needed because done by kernel_version pointer
363#>0x1c6		string	Loading\040Memtest86+	from Memtest86+ v6.20
364
365# System.map files - Nicolas Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
3668	search/1	\ A\ _text	Linux kernel symbol map text
367
368# LSM entries - Nicolas Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
3690	search/1	Begin3	Linux Software Map entry text
3700	search/1	Begin4	Linux Software Map entry text (new format)
371
372# From Matt Zimmerman, enhanced for v3 by Matthew Palmer
3730	belong	0x4f4f4f4d	User-mode Linux COW file
374>4	belong	<3		\b, version %d
375>>8	string	>\0		\b, backing file %s
376>4	belong	>2		\b, version %d
377>>32	string	>\0		\b, backing file %s
378
379############################################################################
380# Linux kernel versions
381
382# apply only to "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) like damnsmll.lnx memtest86+.bin
383# wrong (497 setup_sects 498 root_flags) and now already done by 1st unified "old" kernel variant
384#0		string		\xb8\xc0\x07\x8e\xd8\xb8\x00\x90	Linux
3850		string		\xb8\xc0\x07\x8e\xd8\xb8\x00\x90foo	OLD_VARIANT Linux
386>497		leshort		0		x86 boot sector
387>>0		use	kernel-version-old2
388>497		leshort		!0		x86 kernel
389# not needed any more because information is now shown by common kernel-info with other phrases
390>>0		use	kernel-info-old
391# kernel version information part 3 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on HdrS field
392>>0		use	kernel-version-old3
393>>0		use	kernel-version-4
394# version information part 2 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on new HdrS field
3950		name	kernel-version-old2
396# dummy test to get same magic indention level like in v 1.85
397>518		leshort		x
398>>514		belong		0x8e	of a kernel from the dawn of time!
399>>514		belong		0x908ed8b4	version 0.99-1.1.42
400>>514		belong		0x908ed8b8	for memtest86
401# dummy test function to get same magic indention level like in v 1.85
4020		name	kernel-version-dummy
403>497		leshort		!0		x86 kernel
404# not needed any more because information is now shown by kernel-info
405#>0		use	kernel-info-old
406>>0		use	kernel-info
407# kernel version information part 3 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on HdrS field
408>0		use	kernel-version-old3
409# deprecated because same information is shown by kernel-info with other phrases
4100		name	kernel-info-old
411# dummy test to get same magic indention level like in v 1.85
412>504		leshort		x
413>>504		leshort		>0		RAMdisksize=%u KB
414>>502		leshort		>0		swap=%#X
415>>508		leshort		>0		root=%#X
416>>>498		leshort		1		\b-ro
417>>>498		leshort		0		\b-rw
418>>506		leshort		0xFFFF		vga=normal
419>>506		leshort		0xFFFE		vga=extended
420>>506		leshort		0xFFFD		vga=ask
421>>506		leshort		>0		vga=%d
422# kernel version information part 3 for "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic) based on HdrS field
4230		name	kernel-version-old3
424# dummy test to get same magic indention level like in v 1.85
425>514		belong		x
426>>514		belong		0x908ed881	version 1.1.43-1.1.45
427>>514		belong		0x15b281cd
428>>>0xa8e	belong		0x55AA5a5a	version 1.1.46-1.2.13,1.3.0
429>>>0xa99	belong		0x55AA5a5a	version 1.3.1,2
430>>>0xaa3	belong		0x55AA5a5a	version 1.3.3-1.3.30
431>>>0xaa6	belong		0x55AA5a5a	version 1.3.31-1.3.41
432>>>0xb2b	belong		0x55AA5a5a	version 1.3.42-1.3.45
433>>>0xaf7	belong		0x55AA5a5a	version 1.3.46-1.3.72
434# show kernel version information part 4 for kernel variant (with HdrS magic) based on "HdrS" field
435# not needed any more because information is now shown by common kernel-info
4360		name	kernel-version-4
437# dummy test to get same magic indention level like in v 1.85
438>518		leshort		x
439>>514		string		HdrS
440>>>518		leshort		>0x1FF
441>>>>529		byte		0		\b, zImage
442>>>>529		byte		1		\b, bzImage
443# GRR: Not valid if kernel_version=0
444>>>>(526.s+0x200) string 	>\0		\b, version %s
445
446# Linux boot sector thefts.
447# ELKS kernel variant is now unified with above "old" kernel variant (without HdrS magic)
448#0		belong		0xb8c0078e	Linux
449# display "Linux ELKS Kernel" or "Linux style boot sector" (strength=70) after DOS/MBR IPL (115=50+65) and MBR boot sector (105=40+65) via ./filesystem
450#!:strength +0
451# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embeddable_Linux_Kernel_Subset
452# https://github.com/jbruchon/elks/releases/download/v0.6.0/fd2880-fat.img/linux
453#>0x1e6		belong		0x454c4b53	ELKS Kernel
454#>0x1e6		belong		!0x454c4b53	style boot sector
455
456############################################################################
457# Linux S390 kernel image
458# Created by: Jan Kaluza <jkaluza@redhat.com>
4598 string \x02\x00\x00\x18\x60\x00\x00\x50\x02\x00\x00\x68\x60\x00\x00\x50\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40 Linux S390
460>0x00010000 search/b/4096 \x00\x0a\x00\x00\x8b\xad\xcc\xcc
461# 64bit
462>>&0 string \xc1\x00\xef\xe3\xf0\x68\x00\x00 Z10 64bit kernel
463>>&0 string \xc1\x00\xef\xc3\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z9-109 64bit kernel
464>>&0 string \xc0\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z990 64bit kernel
465>>&0 string \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z900 64bit kernel
466# 32bit
467>>&0 string \x81\x00\xc8\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z10 32bit kernel
468>>&0 string \x81\x00\xc8\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z9-109 32bit kernel
469>>&0 string \x80\x00\x20\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z990 32bit kernel
470>>&0 string \x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 Z900 32bit kernel
471
472############################################################################
473# Linux ARM compressed kernel image
474# From: Kevin Cernekee <cernekee@gmail.com>
475# Update: Joerg Jenderek
476# Update: Luke T. Shumaker
4770	name	arm-zimage
478# Version indicators
479>0x34	lelong	0x45454545	(kernel >=v4.15)
480>0x34	lelong	!0x45454545
481>>0x30	clear	x
482>>0x30	belong	0x04030201	(kernel >=v3.17, <v4.15)
483>>0x30	lelong	0x04030201	(kernel >=v3.17, <v4.15)
484>>0x30	default x	(kernel <v3.17)
485# Endianness indicators
486#
487# The kernel has 3 endianness modes: little-endian, and 2 variants of
488# big-endian: BE-32 (ARMv5) and BE-8 (ARMv6+).
489#
490# In kernels <v3.17:
491#  - the 0x016f2818 @ 0x24 magic number indicates big-endian or
492#    little-endian (can't distinguish between BE-8 and BE-32)
493# In kernels >=v3.17:
494#  - a new 0x04030201 @ 0x30 magic number indicates big-endian or
495#    little-endian, but doesn't distinguish between BE-8 and BE-32
496#  - the old 0x016f2818 @ 0x24 magic number is little-endian for
497#    LE *and* BE-8, or big-endian for BE-32
498#
499# >=v3.17
500>0x30	clear	x
501>0x30	belong	0x04030201	(big-endian,
502>>0x24	belong	0x016f2818	BE-32, ARMv5)
503>>0x24	lelong	0x016f2818	BE-8, ARMv6+)
504>0x30	lelong	0x04030201	(little-endian)
505# <v3.17
506>0x30	default x
507>>0x24	lelong	0x016f2818	(little-endian)
508>>0x24	belong	0x016f2818	(big-endian)
509
5100x24	lelong	0x016f2818	Linux kernel ARM boot executable zImage
511>0	use	arm-zimage
5120x24	belong	0x016f2818	Linux kernel ARM boot executable zImage
513>0	use	arm-zimage
514
515############################################################################
516# Linux AARCH64 kernel image
5170x38    lelong  0x644d5241  Linux kernel ARM64 boot executable Image
518>0x18   lelong  ^1          \b, little-endian
519>0x18   lelong  &1          \b, big-endian
520>0x18   lelong  &2          \b, 4K pages
521>0x18   lelong  &4          \b, 16K pages
522>0x18   lelong  &6          \b, 32K pages
523
524############################################################################
525# Linux RISC-V kernel image
5260x38	string	RSC\05		Linux kernel RISC-V boot executable Image
527>0x18	lelong	^1		\b, little-endian
528>0x18	lelong	&1		\b, big-endian
529
530############################################################################
531# Linux 8086 executable
5320	lelong&0xFF0000FF 0xC30000E9	Linux-Dev86 executable, headerless
533>5	string		.
534>>4	string		>\0		\b, libc version %s
535
5360	lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0x4000301	Linux-8086 executable
537>2	byte&0x01	!0		\b, unmapped zero page
538>2	byte&0x20	0		\b, impure
539>2	byte&0x20	!0
540>>2	byte&0x10	!0		\b, A_EXEC
541>2	byte&0x02	!0		\b, A_PAL
542>2	byte&0x04	!0		\b, A_NSYM
543>2	byte&0x08	!0		\b, A_STAND
544>2	byte&0x40	!0		\b, A_PURE
545>2	byte&0x80	!0		\b, A_TOVLY
546>28     long            !0              \b, not stripped
547>37	string		.
548>>36	string		>\0		\b, libc version %s
549
550# 0	lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0x10000301	ld86 I80386 executable
551# 0	lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0xB000301	ld86 M68K executable
552# 0	lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0xC000301	ld86 NS16K executable
553# 0	lelong&0xFF00FFFF 0x17000301	ld86 SPARC executable
554
555# SYSLINUX boot logo files (from 'ppmtolss16' sources)
556# https://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php/SYSLINUX#Display_graphic_from_filename:
557# file extension .lss .16
5580	lelong	=0x1413f33d		SYSLINUX' LSS16 image data
559# syslinux-4.05/mime/image/x-lss16.xml
560!:mime image/x-lss16
561>4	leshort	x			\b, width %d
562>6	leshort	x			\b, height %d
563
5640	string	OOOM			User-Mode-Linux's Copy-On-Write disk image
565>4	belong	x			version %d
566
567# SE Linux policy database
568# From: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
5690	lelong	0xf97cff8c		SE Linux policy
570>16	lelong	x			v%d
571>20	lelong	1			MLS
572>24	lelong	x			%d symbols
573>28	lelong	x			%d ocons
574
575# Linux Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
576# Emmanuel VARAGNAT <emmanuel.varagnat@guzu.net>
577#
578# System ID, UUID and volume group name are 128 bytes long
579# but they should never be full and initialized with zeros...
580#
581# LVM1
582#
5830x0	string/b	HM\001		LVM1 (Linux Logical Volume Manager), version 1
584>0x12c	string/b	>\0		, System ID: %s
585
5860x0	string/b	HM\002		LVM1 (Linux Logical Volume Manager), version 2
587>0x12c	string/b	>\0		, System ID: %s
588
589#  LVM2
590#
591# It seems that the label header can be in one the four first sector
592# of the disk... (from _find_labeller in lib/label/label.c of LVM2)
593#
594# 0x200 seems to be the common case
5950		name	lvm2
596# display UUID in LVM format + display all 32 bytes (instead of max string length: 31)
597>0x0          string  >\x2f          \b, UUID: %.6s
598>0x6          string  >\x2f          \b-%.4s
599>0xa          string  >\x2f          \b-%.4s
600>0xe          string  >\x2f          \b-%.4s
601>0x12         string  >\x2f          \b-%.4s
602>0x16         string  >\x2f          \b-%.4s
603>0x1a         string  >\x2f          \b-%.6s
604>0x20         lequad  x              \b, size: %lld
605
606
607# read the offset to add to the start of the header, and the header
608# start in 0x200
6090x218           string/b  LVM2\ 001      LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
610>&(&-12.l-0x20) use	lvm2
611
6120x018           string/b  LVM2\ 001      LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
613>&(&-12.l-0x20) use	lvm2
614
6150x418           string/b  LVM2\ 001      LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
616>&(&-12.l-0x20) use	lvm2
617
6180x618           string/b  LVM2\ 001      LVM2 PV (Linux Logical Volume Manager)
619>&(&-12.l-0x20) use	lvm2
620
621# LVM snapshot
622# from Jason Farrel
6230	string	SnAp	LVM Snapshot (CopyOnWrite store)
624>4	lelong	!0	- valid,
625>4	lelong	0	- invalid,
626>8	lelong	x	version %d,
627>12	lelong	x	chunk_size %d
628
629# Summary: Xen saved domain file
630# Created by: Radek Vokal <rvokal@redhat.com>
6310	string		LinuxGuestRecord	Xen saved domain
632>20	search/256	(name
633>>&1	string		x			(name %s)
634
635# Systemd journald files
636# See https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/journal-files/.
637# From: Zbigniew Jedrzejewski-Szmek <zbyszek@in.waw.pl>
638# Update: 	Joerg Jenderek
639# URL:		https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_FILE_FORMAT/
640# Reference:	http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/j/journal-sysd.trid.xml
641# Note:		called "systemd journal" by TrID
642#		verified by `journalctl --file=user-1000.journal`
643# check magic signature[8]
6440	string	LPKSHHRH
645# check that state is one of known values
646# STATE_OFFLINE~0 STATE_ONLINE~1 STATE_ARCHIVED~2
647>16		ubyte&252	0
648# check that each half of three unique id128s is non-zero
649# file_id
650>>24		ubequad		>0
651>>>32		ubequad		>0
652# machine_id
653>>>>40		ubequad		>0
654>>>>>48		ubequad		>0
655# boot_id; last writer
656>>>>>>56	ubequad		>0
657>>>>>>>64	ubequad		>0	Journal file
658#!:mime application/octet-stream
659!:mime application/x-linux-journal
660# provide more info
661# head_entry_realtime; contains a POSIX timestamp stored in microseconds
662>>>>>>>>184	leqdate/1000000	!0	\b, %s
663>>>>>>>>184	leqdate		0	empty
664# If a file is closed after writing the state field should be set to STATE_OFFLINE
665>>>>>>>>16	ubyte		0	\b,
666# for offline and empty only journal~ extension found
667>>>>>>>>>184	leqdate		0	offline
668# https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/systemd-journald.service.8.html
669# GRR: add char ~ inside parse_ext in ../../src/apprentice.c to avoid in file version 5.44 error like:
670# Magdir/linux, 463: Warning: EXTENSION type `		journal~' has bad char '~'
671!:ext		journal~
672# for offline and non empty often *.journal~ but also user-1001.journal
673>>>>>>>>>184	leqdate		!0	offline
674!:ext		journal/journal~
675# if a file is opened for writing the state field should be set to STATE_ONLINE
676>>>>>>>>16	ubyte		1	\b,
677# for online and empty only journal~ extension found
678>>>>>>>>>184	leqdate		0	online
679# system@0005febee06e2ff2-f7ea54d10e4346ff.journal~
680!:ext		journal~
681# for online and non empty only journal extension found
682>>>>>>>>>184	leqdate		!0	online
683# system.journal user-1000.journal
684!:ext		journal
685# after a file has been rotated it should be set to STATE_ARCHIVED
686>>>>>>>>16	ubyte		2	\b, archived
687!:ext		journal
688# no *.journal~ found
689#!:ext		journal/journal~
690# compatible_flags
691>>>>>>>>8	ulelong&1	1	\b, sealed
692# incompatible_flags; COMPRESSED_XZ~1 COMPRESSED_LZ4~2 KEYED_HASH~4 COMPRESSED_ZSTD~8 COMPACT~16
693#>>>>>>>>12	ulelong		x	FLAGS=%#x
694>>>>>>>>12	ulelong&1	1	\b, compressed
695>>>>>>>>12	ulelong&2	!0	\b, compressed lz4
696>>>>>>>>12	ulelong&4	!0	\b, keyed hash siphash24
697>>>>>>>>12	ulelong&8	!0	\b, compressed zstd
698>>>>>>>>12	ulelong&16	!0	\b, compact
699# uint8_t reserved[7]; apparently nil
700#>>17		long		!0	\b, reserved %#8.8x
701# seqnum_id; like: 0 e623691afec94b5aa968ae2d726c49cc f98b2af481924b29 8d6816ca3639edc6
702#>>>>>>>>72	ubequad		x	\b, seqnum_id %#16.16llx
703#>>>>>>>>80	ubequad		x	b%16.16llx
704# header_size like: 100h
705>>>>>>>>88	ulequad		!0x100h	\b, header size %#llx
706# arena_size  like: 0 7fff00h ffff00h 17fff00h
707#>>>>>>>>96	ulequad		>0	\b, arena size %#llx
708# data_hash_table_offset like: 0 15f0h 15f0h
709#>>>>>>>>104	ulequad		>0	\b, hash table offset %#llx
710# data_hash_table_size like: 0 38e380h
711#>>>>>>>>112	ulequad		>0	\b, hash table size %#llx
712# field_hash_table_offset like: 0 110h
713#>>>>>>>>120	ulequad		>0	\b, field hash table offset %#llx
714# field_hash_table_size like: 0 14d0h
715#>>>>>>>>128	ulequad		>0	\b, field hash table size %#llx
716# tail_object_offset like: 0 43edd8h 511278h c68968h d487d0h efaa98h
717#>>>>>>>>136	ulequad		>0	\b, tail object offset %#llx
718# n_objects like: 0 1032h 5a2eh 92bdh a8b5h aa75h 112adh 40c23h 4714eh
719#>>>>>>>>144	ulequad		>0	\b, objects %#llx
720# n_entries like: 0 3aeh 235ah 2dc4h 3125h 16129h 187a1h
721>>>>>>>>152	ulequad		>0	\b, entries %#llx
722# tail_entry_seqnum like: 0 1988h 16249h 24c12h 24c12h 41e64h 9fefdh
723#>>>>>>>>160	ulequad		>0	\b, tail entry seqnum %#llx
724# head_entry_seqnum like: 0 1h 15dbh 6552h 213bfh 213bfh 3e672h 9a28ah
725#>>>>>>>>168	ulequad		>0	\b, head entry seqnum %#llx
726# entry_array_offset like: 0 390058h 3909d8h 3909e0h
727#>>>>>>>>176	ulequad		>0	\b, entry array offset %#llx
728
729# BCache backing and cache devices
730# From: Gabriel de Perthuis <g2p.code@gmail.com>
7310x1008		lequad		8
732>0x1018		string		\xc6\x85\x73\xf6\x4e\x1a\x45\xca\x82\x65\xf5\x7f\x48\xba\x6d\x81	BCache
733>>0x1010	ulequad		0	cache device
734>>0x1010	ulequad		1	backing device
735>>0x1010	ulequad		3	cache device
736>>0x1010	ulequad		4	backing device
737>>0x1048	string		>0	\b, label "%.32s"
738>>0x1028	ubelong		x	\b, uuid %08x
739>>0x102c	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
740>>0x102e	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
741>>0x1030	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
742>>0x1032	ubelong		x	\b-%08x
743>>0x1036	ubeshort	x	\b%04x
744>>0x1038	ubelong		x	\b, set uuid %08x
745>>0x103c	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
746>>0x103e	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
747>>0x1040	ubeshort	x	\b-%04x
748>>0x1042	ubelong		x	\b-%08x
749>>0x1046	ubeshort	x	\b%04x
750
751# Linux device tree:
752# File format description can be found in the Linux kernel sources at
753# Documentation/devicetree/booting-without-of.txt
754# From Christoph Biedl
7550		belong		0xd00dfeed
756# structure must be within blob, strings are omitted to handle devicetrees > 1M
757>&(8.L)		byte		x
758>>20		belong		>1	Device Tree Blob version %d
759>>>4		belong		x	\b, size=%d
760>>>20		belong		>1
761>>>>28		belong		x	\b, boot CPU=%d
762>>>20		belong		>2
763>>>>32		belong		x	\b, string block size=%d
764>>>20		belong		>16
765>>>>36		belong		x	\b, DT structure block size=%d
766
767# glibc locale archive as defined in glibc locale/locarchive.h
7680		lelong		0xde020109	locale archive
769>24		lelong		x		%d strings
770
771# Linux Software RAID (mdadm)
772# Russell Coker <russell@coker.com.au>
7730	name	linuxraid
774>16	belong	x		UUID=%8x:
775>20	belong	x		\b%8x:
776>24	belong	x		\b%8x:
777>28	belong	x		\b%8x
778>32	string	x		name=%s
779>72	lelong	x		level=%d
780>92	lelong	x		disks=%d
781
7824096	lelong	0xa92b4efc	Linux Software RAID
783>4100	lelong	x		version 1.2 (%d)
784>4096	use	linuxraid
785
7860	lelong	0xa92b4efc	Linux Software RAID
787>4	lelong	x		version 1.1 (%d)
788>0	use	linuxraid
789
790# Summary:     Database file for mlocate
791# Description: A database file as used by mlocate, a fast implementation
792#              of locate/updatedb. It uses merging to reuse the existing
793#              database and avoid rereading most of the filesystem. It's
794#              the default version of locate on Arch Linux (and others).
795# File path:   /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db by default (but configurable)
796# Site:        https://fedorahosted.org/mlocate/
797# Format docs: https://linux.die.net/man/5/mlocate.db
798# Type: mlocate database file
799# URL:		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locate_(Unix)
800# URL:  https://fedorahosted.org/mlocate/
801# From: Wander Nauta <info@wandernauta.nl>
802# Update:	Joerg Jenderek
8030		string		\0mlocate	mlocate database
804#!:mime	application/octet-stream
805!:mime	application/x-mlocate
806# default mlocate.db if not overriden with --output option of updatedb
807!:ext	db
808# at the moment value is 0; a higher version will probably not occur, because mlocate is now often replaced by plocate
809>12		byte		!0		\b, version %d
810# configured with -l option of updatedb
811>13		byte		1		\b, require visibility
812# 2 byte pad for 32-bit total alignment
813#>14		short		!0		\b, padding %#x
814# standard is 1 byte / if not overriden with --database-root option of updatedb
815>16		string		x		\b, root %s
816# 1st variable name nil terminated like: prune_bind_mounts
817>>&1		string		x		\b, 1st variable %s
818# 1st variable value like: 0 1
819>>>&1		string		x		\b=%s
820# configuration block size in big endian like: 82 85 174 181 185 483 491 496 497 556 600
821>8		ubelong		x		\b, configuration size %u
822
823# URL:		https://plocate.sesse.net/
824# Reference:	https://plocate.sesse.net/download/plocate-1.1.19.tar.gz
825#		plocate-1.1.19/db.h
826# Reference:	http://mark0.net/download/triddefs_xml.7z/defs/d/db-plocate.trid.xml
827# Note:		called "plocate database" by TrID
828# magic[8]
8290		string		\0plocate	plocate database
830#!:mime		application/octet-stream
831!:mime		application/x-plocate
832# default /var/lib/plocate/plocate.db if not overriden with --output option of updatedb.plocate
833!:ext		db
834# version; 2 is the current version
835>8		ulelong    	!1		\b, version %u
836# hashtable_size; like 1 (for "empty" samples) 1b5c3h
837#>12		ulelong    	>1		\b, hash table size %#x
838# extra_ht_slots; like: 10h
839>16		ulelong    	!0x10		\b, extra_ht_slots %#x
840# num_docids; like 0 (for "empty" samples) a132h
841>20		ulelong    	>0		\b, num_docids %u
842# hash_table_offset_bytes; 78h (for "empty" samples) afdf99h
843#>24		ulequad    	!0x78		\b, hash table offset %#llx
844# filename_index_offset_bytes; 70h (for "empty" samples) aad571h
845#>32		ulequad    	!0x70		\b, filename index offset %#llx
846# version 1 and up only
847>8		ulelong    	>0
848# max_version;  nominally 1 or 2 but can be increased if more features are added in a backward-compatible way
849>>40		ulelong    	!2		\b, max version %u
850# zstd_dictionary_length_bytes; 0 (for "empty" samples) 400h
851>>44		ulelong    	!0		\b, at %#x
852# zstd_dictionary_offset_bytes; 0 (for "empty" samples) 70h
853>>48		ulequad    	>0		\b+%#llx
854# jump to beginning of zstd dictionary
855>>>(48.q)		ubequad    	x
856# jump realative zstd dictionary length bytes - 8 (quad length) forward to ZST data beginning
857#>>>>&(44.l-8)		ubelong    	x		ZST=%8.8x
858>>>>&(44.l-8)		ubelong    	x
859# print 1 space char after zstd_dictionary_offset and then handles Zstandard compressed data by ./compress
860# to get phrase like "at 0x400+0x70 Zstandard compressed data (v0.8+)"
861>>>>>&-4		indirect	x		\b
862# only if max_version >= 2 and only relevant for updatedb
863>40		ulelong    	>1
864# directory_data_length_byte
865#>>56		ulequad    	x		\b, directory data length %#llx
866# directory_data_offset_bytes;
867#>>64		ulequad    	x		offset %#llx
868# next_zstd_dictionary_length_bytes; 0 (for "empty" samples) 400h
869>>72		ulequad    	>0		\b, next zstd dictionary length %#llx
870# next_zstd_dictionary_offset_bytes; 0 (for "empty" samples) 14b9cb8h
871>>>80		ulequad    	>0		offset %#llx
872# conf_block_length_bytes like; 65 147 148 151 152 452 537 540 543
873>>88		ulequad    	x		\b, configuration size %llu
874# conf_block_offset_bytes; 1a1h (for "empty" samples) 14ba0b8h
875>>96		ulequad    	>0		\b, at %#llx 1st variable
876# 1st variable name nil terminated like: prune_bind_mounts
877>>>(96.q)	string    	x		%s
878# 1st variable value nil terminated like: 0 1
879>>>>&1		string		x		\b=%s
880# bool check_visibility; 0 or 1 configured with -l option of updatedb.plocate
881>>104		ubyte    	1		\b, require visibility
882#>>104		ubyte    	x		\b, check_visibility %#x
883
884# Dump files for iproute2 tool. Generated by the "ip r|a save" command. URL:
885# https://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/iproute2
886# From: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
8870		lelong		0x45311224	iproute2 routes dump
8880		lelong		0x47361222	iproute2 addresses dump
889
890# Image and service files for CRIU tool.
891# URL: https://criu.org
892# From: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
8930		lelong		0x54564319	CRIU image file v1.1
8940		lelong		0x55105940	CRIU service file
8950		lelong		0x58313116	CRIU inventory
896
897# Kdump compressed dump files
898# https://github.com/makedumpfile/makedumpfile/blob/master/IMPLEMENTATION
899
9000		string		KDUMP\x20\x20\x20	Kdump compressed dump
901>0		use		kdump-compressed-dump
902
9030		name		kdump-compressed-dump
904>8		long		x		v%d
905>12		string		>\0		\b, system %s
906>77		string		>\0		\b, node %s
907>142		string		>\0		\b, release %s
908>207		string		>\0		\b, version %s
909>272		string		>\0		\b, machine %s
910>337		string		>\0		\b, domain %s
911
912# Flattened format
9130		string		makedumpfile
914>16		bequad		1
915>>0x1010	string		KDUMP\x20\x20\x20	Flattened kdump compressed dump
916>>>0x1010	use		kdump-compressed-dump
917
918# Device Tree files
9190		search/1024	/dts-v1/	Device Tree File (v1)
920# beat c code
921!:strength +14
922
923
924# e2fsck undo file
925# David Gilman <davidgilman1@gmail.com>
9260		string		E2UNDO02	e2fsck undo file, version 2
927>44		lelong		x		\b, undo file is
928>>44		lelong&1	0		not finished
929>>44		lelong&1	1		finished
930>48		lelong		x		\b, undo file features:
931>>48		lelong&1	0		lacks filesystem offset
932>>48		lelong&1	1		has filesystem offset
933>>>64		lequad		x		at %#llx
934
935# ansible vault (does not really belong here)
9360		string		$ANSIBLE_VAULT;	Ansible Vault
937>&0		regex		[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+	\b, version %s
938>>&0		string		;
939>>>&0		regex		[A-Z0-9]+	\b, encryption %s
940
941# From:		Joerg Jenderek
942# URL:		https://www.gnu.org/software/grub
943# Reference:	https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.06.tar.gz
944#		grub-2.06/include/grub/keyboard_layouts.h
945#		grub-2.06/grub-core/commands/keylayouts.c
946# GRUB_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS_FILEMAGIC
9470	string		GRUBLAYO		GRUB Keyboard
948!:mime			application/x-grub-keyboard
949!:ext			gkb
950# GRUB_KEYBOARD_LAYOUTS_VERSION like: 10
951>8	ulelong		!10			\b, version %u
952# 4 grub_uint32_t grub_keyboard_layout[160]
953# for normal french keyboard this is letter a
954>92	ubyte		!0x71
955>>92	ubyte		>0x40			\b, english q is %c
956#>732	ubyte		x			\b, english Q is %c
957# for normal german keyboard this is letter z
958>124	ubyte		!0x79
959>>124	ubyte		>0x40			\b, english y is %c
960#>764	ubyte		x			\b, english Y is %c
961
962
963# From: Ben Dooks <ben.dooks@codethink.co.uk>
964# URL: https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/tools/perf/util/header.c
965# perf files for v1 and v2
9660	string		PERFFILE		Linux perf recording, version 1
967
9680	lequad		0x32454c4946524550	Linux perf recording, version 2. little endian
969
9700	bequad		0x32454c4946524550	Linux perf recording, version 2. big endian
971