1*31914882SAlex Richardson /* 2*31914882SAlex Richardson * Double-precision log(x) function. 3*31914882SAlex Richardson * 4*31914882SAlex Richardson * Copyright (c) 2018-2019, Arm Limited. 5*31914882SAlex Richardson * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT 6*31914882SAlex Richardson */ 7*31914882SAlex Richardson 8*31914882SAlex Richardson #include <float.h> 9*31914882SAlex Richardson #include <math.h> 10*31914882SAlex Richardson #include <stdint.h> 11*31914882SAlex Richardson #include "math_config.h" 12*31914882SAlex Richardson 13*31914882SAlex Richardson #define T __log_data.tab 14*31914882SAlex Richardson #define T2 __log_data.tab2 15*31914882SAlex Richardson #define B __log_data.poly1 16*31914882SAlex Richardson #define A __log_data.poly 17*31914882SAlex Richardson #define Ln2hi __log_data.ln2hi 18*31914882SAlex Richardson #define Ln2lo __log_data.ln2lo 19*31914882SAlex Richardson #define N (1 << LOG_TABLE_BITS) 20*31914882SAlex Richardson #define OFF 0x3fe6000000000000 21*31914882SAlex Richardson 22*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Top 16 bits of a double. */ 23*31914882SAlex Richardson static inline uint32_t 24*31914882SAlex Richardson top16 (double x) 25*31914882SAlex Richardson { 26*31914882SAlex Richardson return asuint64 (x) >> 48; 27*31914882SAlex Richardson } 28*31914882SAlex Richardson 29*31914882SAlex Richardson double 30*31914882SAlex Richardson log (double x) 31*31914882SAlex Richardson { 32*31914882SAlex Richardson /* double_t for better performance on targets with FLT_EVAL_METHOD==2. */ 33*31914882SAlex Richardson double_t w, z, r, r2, r3, y, invc, logc, kd, hi, lo; 34*31914882SAlex Richardson uint64_t ix, iz, tmp; 35*31914882SAlex Richardson uint32_t top; 36*31914882SAlex Richardson int k, i; 37*31914882SAlex Richardson 38*31914882SAlex Richardson ix = asuint64 (x); 39*31914882SAlex Richardson top = top16 (x); 40*31914882SAlex Richardson 41*31914882SAlex Richardson #if LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 10 || LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 11 42*31914882SAlex Richardson # define LO asuint64 (1.0 - 0x1p-5) 43*31914882SAlex Richardson # define HI asuint64 (1.0 + 0x1.1p-5) 44*31914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 12 45*31914882SAlex Richardson # define LO asuint64 (1.0 - 0x1p-4) 46*31914882SAlex Richardson # define HI asuint64 (1.0 + 0x1.09p-4) 47*31914882SAlex Richardson #endif 48*31914882SAlex Richardson if (unlikely (ix - LO < HI - LO)) 49*31914882SAlex Richardson { 50*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Handle close to 1.0 inputs separately. */ 51*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Fix sign of zero with downward rounding when x==1. */ 52*31914882SAlex Richardson if (WANT_ROUNDING && unlikely (ix == asuint64 (1.0))) 53*31914882SAlex Richardson return 0; 54*31914882SAlex Richardson r = x - 1.0; 55*31914882SAlex Richardson r2 = r * r; 56*31914882SAlex Richardson r3 = r * r2; 57*31914882SAlex Richardson #if LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 10 58*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.516 ULP. */ 59*31914882SAlex Richardson y = r3 * (B[1] + r * B[2] + r2 * B[3] 60*31914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[4] + r * B[5] + r2 * B[6] + r3 * (B[7] + r * B[8]))); 61*31914882SAlex Richardson w = B[0] * r2; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 62*31914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 63*31914882SAlex Richardson y += r - hi + w; 64*31914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 65*31914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 11 66*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.516 ULP. */ 67*31914882SAlex Richardson y = r3 * (B[1] + r * B[2] 68*31914882SAlex Richardson + r2 * (B[3] + r * B[4] + r2 * B[5] 69*31914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[6] + r * B[7] + r2 * B[8] + r3 * B[9]))); 70*31914882SAlex Richardson w = B[0] * r2; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 71*31914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 72*31914882SAlex Richardson y += r - hi + w; 73*31914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 74*31914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY1_ORDER == 12 75*31914882SAlex Richardson y = r3 * (B[1] + r * B[2] + r2 * B[3] 76*31914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[4] + r * B[5] + r2 * B[6] 77*31914882SAlex Richardson + r3 * (B[7] + r * B[8] + r2 * B[9] + r3 * B[10]))); 78*31914882SAlex Richardson # if N <= 64 79*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.532 ULP. */ 80*31914882SAlex Richardson w = B[0] * r2; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 81*31914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 82*31914882SAlex Richardson y += r - hi + w; 83*31914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 84*31914882SAlex Richardson # else 85*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst-case error is around 0.507 ULP. */ 86*31914882SAlex Richardson w = r * 0x1p27; 87*31914882SAlex Richardson double_t rhi = r + w - w; 88*31914882SAlex Richardson double_t rlo = r - rhi; 89*31914882SAlex Richardson w = rhi * rhi * B[0]; /* B[0] == -0.5. */ 90*31914882SAlex Richardson hi = r + w; 91*31914882SAlex Richardson lo = r - hi + w; 92*31914882SAlex Richardson lo += B[0] * rlo * (rhi + r); 93*31914882SAlex Richardson y += lo; 94*31914882SAlex Richardson y += hi; 95*31914882SAlex Richardson # endif 96*31914882SAlex Richardson #endif 97*31914882SAlex Richardson return eval_as_double (y); 98*31914882SAlex Richardson } 99*31914882SAlex Richardson if (unlikely (top - 0x0010 >= 0x7ff0 - 0x0010)) 100*31914882SAlex Richardson { 101*31914882SAlex Richardson /* x < 0x1p-1022 or inf or nan. */ 102*31914882SAlex Richardson if (ix * 2 == 0) 103*31914882SAlex Richardson return __math_divzero (1); 104*31914882SAlex Richardson if (ix == asuint64 (INFINITY)) /* log(inf) == inf. */ 105*31914882SAlex Richardson return x; 106*31914882SAlex Richardson if ((top & 0x8000) || (top & 0x7ff0) == 0x7ff0) 107*31914882SAlex Richardson return __math_invalid (x); 108*31914882SAlex Richardson /* x is subnormal, normalize it. */ 109*31914882SAlex Richardson ix = asuint64 (x * 0x1p52); 110*31914882SAlex Richardson ix -= 52ULL << 52; 111*31914882SAlex Richardson } 112*31914882SAlex Richardson 113*31914882SAlex Richardson /* x = 2^k z; where z is in range [OFF,2*OFF) and exact. 114*31914882SAlex Richardson The range is split into N subintervals. 115*31914882SAlex Richardson The ith subinterval contains z and c is near its center. */ 116*31914882SAlex Richardson tmp = ix - OFF; 117*31914882SAlex Richardson i = (tmp >> (52 - LOG_TABLE_BITS)) % N; 118*31914882SAlex Richardson k = (int64_t) tmp >> 52; /* arithmetic shift */ 119*31914882SAlex Richardson iz = ix - (tmp & 0xfffULL << 52); 120*31914882SAlex Richardson invc = T[i].invc; 121*31914882SAlex Richardson logc = T[i].logc; 122*31914882SAlex Richardson z = asdouble (iz); 123*31914882SAlex Richardson 124*31914882SAlex Richardson /* log(x) = log1p(z/c-1) + log(c) + k*Ln2. */ 125*31914882SAlex Richardson /* r ~= z/c - 1, |r| < 1/(2*N). */ 126*31914882SAlex Richardson #if HAVE_FAST_FMA 127*31914882SAlex Richardson /* rounding error: 0x1p-55/N. */ 128*31914882SAlex Richardson r = fma (z, invc, -1.0); 129*31914882SAlex Richardson #else 130*31914882SAlex Richardson /* rounding error: 0x1p-55/N + 0x1p-66. */ 131*31914882SAlex Richardson r = (z - T2[i].chi - T2[i].clo) * invc; 132*31914882SAlex Richardson #endif 133*31914882SAlex Richardson kd = (double_t) k; 134*31914882SAlex Richardson 135*31914882SAlex Richardson /* hi + lo = r + log(c) + k*Ln2. */ 136*31914882SAlex Richardson w = kd * Ln2hi + logc; 137*31914882SAlex Richardson hi = w + r; 138*31914882SAlex Richardson lo = w - hi + r + kd * Ln2lo; 139*31914882SAlex Richardson 140*31914882SAlex Richardson /* log(x) = lo + (log1p(r) - r) + hi. */ 141*31914882SAlex Richardson r2 = r * r; /* rounding error: 0x1p-54/N^2. */ 142*31914882SAlex Richardson /* Worst case error if |y| > 0x1p-5: 143*31914882SAlex Richardson 0.5 + 4.13/N + abs-poly-error*2^57 ULP (+ 0.002 ULP without fma) 144*31914882SAlex Richardson Worst case error if |y| > 0x1p-4: 145*31914882SAlex Richardson 0.5 + 2.06/N + abs-poly-error*2^56 ULP (+ 0.001 ULP without fma). */ 146*31914882SAlex Richardson #if LOG_POLY_ORDER == 6 147*31914882SAlex Richardson y = lo + r2 * A[0] + r * r2 * (A[1] + r * A[2] + r2 * (A[3] + r * A[4])) + hi; 148*31914882SAlex Richardson #elif LOG_POLY_ORDER == 7 149*31914882SAlex Richardson y = lo 150*31914882SAlex Richardson + r2 * (A[0] + r * A[1] + r2 * (A[2] + r * A[3]) 151*31914882SAlex Richardson + r2 * r2 * (A[4] + r * A[5])) 152*31914882SAlex Richardson + hi; 153*31914882SAlex Richardson #endif 154*31914882SAlex Richardson return eval_as_double (y); 155*31914882SAlex Richardson } 156*31914882SAlex Richardson #if USE_GLIBC_ABI 157*31914882SAlex Richardson strong_alias (log, __log_finite) 158*31914882SAlex Richardson hidden_alias (log, __ieee754_log) 159*31914882SAlex Richardson # if LDBL_MANT_DIG == 53 160*31914882SAlex Richardson long double logl (long double x) { return log (x); } 161*31914882SAlex Richardson # endif 162*31914882SAlex Richardson #endif 163