xref: /freebsd/bin/timeout/timeout.c (revision aa8cdb7cae7b7550d5cb81d85ee294c4f182f694)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 2014 Baptiste Daroussin <bapt@FreeBSD.org>
3  * Copyright (c) 2014 Vsevolod Stakhov <vsevolod@FreeBSD.org>
4  * Copyright (c) 2025 Aaron LI <aly@aaronly.me>
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
12  *    in this position and unchanged.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
30 #include <sys/procctl.h>
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <sys/time.h>
33 #include <sys/wait.h>
34 
35 #include <err.h>
36 #include <errno.h>
37 #include <getopt.h>
38 #include <signal.h>
39 #include <stdarg.h>
40 #include <stdbool.h>
41 #include <stdio.h>
42 #include <stdlib.h>
43 #include <string.h>
44 #include <unistd.h>
45 
46 #define EXIT_TIMEOUT	124
47 #define EXIT_INVALID	125
48 #define EXIT_CMD_ERROR	126
49 #define EXIT_CMD_NOENT	127
50 
51 static volatile sig_atomic_t sig_chld = 0;
52 static volatile sig_atomic_t sig_alrm = 0;
53 static volatile sig_atomic_t sig_term = 0; /* signal to terminate children */
54 static volatile sig_atomic_t sig_other = 0; /* signal to propagate */
55 static int killsig = SIGTERM; /* signal to kill children */
56 static const char *command = NULL;
57 static bool verbose = false;
58 
59 static void __dead2
60 usage(void)
61 {
62 	fprintf(stderr,
63 		"Usage: %s [-f | --foreground] [-k time | --kill-after time]"
64 		" [-p | --preserve-status] [-s signal | --signal signal] "
65 		" [-v | --verbose] <duration> <command> [arg ...]\n",
66 		getprogname());
67 	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
68 }
69 
70 static void
71 logv(const char *fmt, ...)
72 {
73 	va_list ap;
74 
75 	if (!verbose)
76 		return;
77 
78 	va_start(ap, fmt);
79 	vwarnx(fmt, ap);
80 	va_end(ap);
81 }
82 
83 static double
84 parse_duration(const char *duration)
85 {
86 	double ret;
87 	char *suffix;
88 
89 	ret = strtod(duration, &suffix);
90 	if (suffix == duration)
91 		errx(EXIT_INVALID, "duration is not a number");
92 
93 	if (*suffix == '\0')
94 		return (ret);
95 
96 	if (suffix[1] != '\0')
97 		errx(EXIT_INVALID, "duration unit suffix too long");
98 
99 	switch (*suffix) {
100 	case 's':
101 		break;
102 	case 'm':
103 		ret *= 60;
104 		break;
105 	case 'h':
106 		ret *= 60 * 60;
107 		break;
108 	case 'd':
109 		ret *= 60 * 60 * 24;
110 		break;
111 	default:
112 		errx(EXIT_INVALID, "duration unit suffix invalid");
113 	}
114 
115 	if (ret < 0 || ret >= 100000000UL)
116 		errx(EXIT_INVALID, "duration out of range");
117 
118 	return (ret);
119 }
120 
121 static int
122 parse_signal(const char *str)
123 {
124 	int sig, i;
125 	const char *errstr;
126 
127 	sig = strtonum(str, 1, sys_nsig - 1, &errstr);
128 	if (errstr == NULL)
129 		return (sig);
130 
131 	if (strncasecmp(str, "SIG", 3) == 0)
132 		str += 3;
133 	for (i = 1; i < sys_nsig; i++) {
134 		if (strcasecmp(str, sys_signame[i]) == 0)
135 			return (i);
136 	}
137 
138 	errx(EXIT_INVALID, "invalid signal");
139 }
140 
141 static void
142 sig_handler(int signo)
143 {
144 	if (signo == killsig) {
145 		sig_term = signo;
146 		return;
147 	}
148 
149 	switch (signo) {
150 	case SIGCHLD:
151 		sig_chld = 1;
152 		break;
153 	case SIGALRM:
154 		sig_alrm = 1;
155 		break;
156 	case SIGHUP:
157 	case SIGINT:
158 	case SIGQUIT:
159 	case SIGILL:
160 	case SIGTRAP:
161 	case SIGABRT:
162 	case SIGEMT:
163 	case SIGFPE:
164 	case SIGBUS:
165 	case SIGSEGV:
166 	case SIGSYS:
167 	case SIGPIPE:
168 	case SIGTERM:
169 	case SIGXCPU:
170 	case SIGXFSZ:
171 	case SIGVTALRM:
172 	case SIGPROF:
173 	case SIGUSR1:
174 	case SIGUSR2:
175 		/*
176 		 * Signals with default action to terminate the process.
177 		 * See the sigaction(2) man page.
178 		 */
179 		sig_term = signo;
180 		break;
181 	default:
182 		sig_other = signo;
183 		break;
184 	}
185 }
186 
187 static void
188 send_sig(pid_t pid, int signo, bool foreground)
189 {
190 	struct procctl_reaper_kill rk;
191 	int error;
192 
193 	logv("sending signal %s(%d) to command '%s'",
194 	     sys_signame[signo], signo, command);
195 	if (foreground) {
196 		if (kill(pid, signo) == -1) {
197 			if (errno != ESRCH)
198 				warn("kill(%d, %s)", (int)pid,
199 				    sys_signame[signo]);
200 		}
201 	} else {
202 		memset(&rk, 0, sizeof(rk));
203 		rk.rk_sig = signo;
204 		error = procctl(P_PID, getpid(), PROC_REAP_KILL, &rk);
205 		if (error == 0 || (error == -1 && errno == ESRCH))
206 			;
207 		else if (error == -1) {
208 			warn("procctl(PROC_REAP_KILL)");
209 			if (rk.rk_fpid > 0)
210 				warnx(
211 			    "failed to signal some processes: first pid=%d",
212 				    (int)rk.rk_fpid);
213 		}
214 		logv("signaled %u processes", rk.rk_killed);
215 	}
216 
217 	/*
218 	 * If the child process was stopped by a signal, POSIX.1-2024
219 	 * requires to send a SIGCONT signal.  However, the standard also
220 	 * allows to send a SIGCONT regardless of the stop state, as we
221 	 * are doing here.
222 	 */
223 	if (signo != SIGKILL && signo != SIGSTOP && signo != SIGCONT) {
224 		logv("sending signal %s(%d) to command '%s'",
225 		     sys_signame[SIGCONT], SIGCONT, command);
226 		if (foreground) {
227 			kill(pid, SIGCONT);
228 		} else {
229 			memset(&rk, 0, sizeof(rk));
230 			rk.rk_sig = SIGCONT;
231 			procctl(P_PID, getpid(), PROC_REAP_KILL, &rk);
232 		}
233 	}
234 }
235 
236 static void
237 set_interval(double iv)
238 {
239 	struct itimerval tim;
240 
241 	memset(&tim, 0, sizeof(tim));
242 	if (iv > 0) {
243 		tim.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)iv;
244 		iv -= (double)(time_t)iv;
245 		tim.it_value.tv_usec = (suseconds_t)(iv * 1000000UL);
246 	}
247 
248 	if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &tim, NULL) == -1)
249 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "setitimer()");
250 }
251 
252 /*
253  * In order to avoid any possible ambiguity that a shell may not set '$?' to
254  * '128+signal_number', POSIX.1-2024 requires that timeout mimic the wait
255  * status of the child process by terminating itself with the same signal,
256  * while disabling core generation.
257  */
258 static void __dead2
259 kill_self(int signo)
260 {
261 	sigset_t mask;
262 	struct rlimit rl;
263 
264 	/* Reset the signal disposition and make sure it's unblocked. */
265 	signal(signo, SIG_DFL);
266 	sigfillset(&mask);
267 	sigdelset(&mask, signo);
268 	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL);
269 
270 	/* Disable core generation. */
271 	memset(&rl, 0, sizeof(rl));
272 	setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
273 
274 	logv("killing self with signal %s(%d)", sys_signame[signo], signo);
275 	kill(getpid(), signo);
276 	err(128 + signo, "signal %s(%d) failed to kill self",
277 	    sys_signame[signo], signo);
278 }
279 
280 int
281 main(int argc, char **argv)
282 {
283 	int ch, status, sig;
284 	int pstat = 0;
285 	pid_t pid, cpid;
286 	int pp[2], error;
287 	char c;
288 	double first_kill;
289 	double second_kill = 0;
290 	bool foreground = false;
291 	bool preserve = false;
292 	bool timedout = false;
293 	bool do_second_kill = false;
294 	bool child_done = false;
295 	sigset_t zeromask, allmask, oldmask;
296 	struct sigaction sa;
297 	struct procctl_reaper_status info;
298 
299 	const char optstr[] = "+fhk:ps:v";
300 	const struct option longopts[] = {
301 		{ "foreground",      no_argument,       NULL, 'f' },
302 		{ "help",            no_argument,       NULL, 'h' },
303 		{ "kill-after",      required_argument, NULL, 'k' },
304 		{ "preserve-status", no_argument,       NULL, 'p' },
305 		{ "signal",          required_argument, NULL, 's' },
306 		{ "verbose",         no_argument,       NULL, 'v' },
307 		{ NULL,              0,                 NULL,  0  },
308 	};
309 
310 	while ((ch = getopt_long(argc, argv, optstr, longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
311 		switch (ch) {
312 		case 'f':
313 			foreground = true;
314 			break;
315 		case 'k':
316 			do_second_kill = true;
317 			second_kill = parse_duration(optarg);
318 			break;
319 		case 'p':
320 			preserve = true;
321 			break;
322 		case 's':
323 			killsig = parse_signal(optarg);
324 			break;
325 		case 'v':
326 			verbose = true;
327 			break;
328 		case 0:
329 			break;
330 		default:
331 			usage();
332 		}
333 	}
334 
335 	argc -= optind;
336 	argv += optind;
337 	if (argc < 2)
338 		usage();
339 
340 	first_kill = parse_duration(argv[0]);
341 	argc--;
342 	argv++;
343 	command = argv[0];
344 
345 	if (!foreground) {
346 		/* Acquire a reaper */
347 		if (procctl(P_PID, getpid(), PROC_REAP_ACQUIRE, NULL) == -1)
348 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "procctl(PROC_REAP_ACQUIRE)");
349 	}
350 
351 	/* Block all signals to avoid racing against the child. */
352 	sigfillset(&allmask);
353 	if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &allmask, &oldmask) == -1)
354 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "sigprocmask()");
355 
356 	if (pipe2(pp, O_CLOEXEC) == -1)
357 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "pipe2");
358 
359 	pid = fork();
360 	if (pid == -1) {
361 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "fork()");
362 	} else if (pid == 0) {
363 		/*
364 		 * child process
365 		 *
366 		 * POSIX.1-2024 requires that the child process inherit the
367 		 * same signal dispositions as the timeout(1) utility
368 		 * inherited, except for the signal to be sent upon timeout.
369 		 */
370 		signal(killsig, SIG_DFL);
371 		if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldmask, NULL) == -1)
372 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "sigprocmask(oldmask)");
373 
374 		error = read(pp[0], &c, 1);
375 		if (error == -1)
376 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "read from control pipe");
377 		if (error == 0)
378 			errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "eof from control pipe");
379 		execvp(argv[0], argv);
380 		warn("exec(%s)", argv[0]);
381 		_exit(errno == ENOENT ? EXIT_CMD_NOENT : EXIT_CMD_ERROR);
382 	}
383 
384 	/* parent continues here */
385 
386 	/* Catch all signals in order to propagate them. */
387 	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
388 	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);
389 	sa.sa_handler = sig_handler;
390 	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
391 	for (sig = 1; sig < sys_nsig; sig++) {
392 		if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP || sig == SIGCONT ||
393 		    sig == SIGTTIN || sig == SIGTTOU)
394 			continue;
395 		if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == -1)
396 			err(EXIT_FAILURE, "sigaction(%d)", sig);
397 	}
398 
399 	/* Don't stop if background child needs TTY */
400 	signal(SIGTTIN, SIG_IGN);
401 	signal(SIGTTOU, SIG_IGN);
402 
403 	set_interval(first_kill);
404 	error = write(pp[1], "a", 1);
405 	if (error == -1)
406 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "write to control pipe");
407 	if (error == 0)
408 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "short write to control pipe");
409 	sigemptyset(&zeromask);
410 
411 	for (;;) {
412 		sigsuspend(&zeromask);
413 
414 		if (sig_chld) {
415 			sig_chld = 0;
416 
417 			while ((cpid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) != 0) {
418 				if (cpid < 0) {
419 					if (errno != EINTR)
420 						break;
421 				} else if (cpid == pid) {
422 					pstat = status;
423 					child_done = true;
424 					logv("child terminated: pid=%d, "
425 					     "exit=%d, signal=%d",
426 					     (int)pid, WEXITSTATUS(status),
427 					     WTERMSIG(status));
428 				} else {
429 					/*
430 					 * Collect grandchildren zombies.
431 					 * Only effective if we're a reaper.
432 					 */
433 					logv("collected zombie: pid=%d, "
434 					     "exit=%d, signal=%d",
435 					     (int)cpid, WEXITSTATUS(status),
436 					     WTERMSIG(status));
437 				}
438 			}
439 			if (child_done) {
440 				if (foreground) {
441 					break;
442 				} else {
443 					procctl(P_PID, getpid(),
444 					    	PROC_REAP_STATUS, &info);
445 					if (info.rs_children == 0)
446 						break;
447 				}
448 			}
449 		} else if (sig_alrm || sig_term) {
450 			if (sig_alrm) {
451 				sig = killsig;
452 				sig_alrm = 0;
453 				timedout = true;
454 				logv("time limit reached or received SIGALRM");
455 			} else {
456 				sig = sig_term;
457 				sig_term = 0;
458 				logv("received terminating signal %s(%d)",
459 				     sys_signame[sig], sig);
460 			}
461 
462 			send_sig(pid, sig, foreground);
463 
464 			if (do_second_kill) {
465 				set_interval(second_kill);
466 				do_second_kill = false;
467 				killsig = SIGKILL;
468 			}
469 
470 		} else if (sig_other) {
471 			/* Propagate any other signals. */
472 			sig = sig_other;
473 			sig_other = 0;
474 			logv("received signal %s(%d)", sys_signame[sig], sig);
475 
476 			send_sig(pid, sig, foreground);
477 		}
478 	}
479 
480 	if (!foreground)
481 		procctl(P_PID, getpid(), PROC_REAP_RELEASE, NULL);
482 
483 	if (timedout && !preserve) {
484 		pstat = EXIT_TIMEOUT;
485 	} else {
486 		if (WIFSIGNALED(pstat))
487 			kill_self(WTERMSIG(pstat));
488 			/* NOTREACHED */
489 
490 		if (WIFEXITED(pstat))
491 			pstat = WEXITSTATUS(pstat);
492 	}
493 
494 	return (pstat);
495 }
496