1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 16.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 21.\" without specific prior written permission. 22.\" 23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)test.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93 36.\" 37.Dd May 31, 1993 38.Dt TEST 1 39.Os 40.Sh NAME 41.Nm test 42.Nd condition evaluation utility 43.Sh SYNOPSIS 44.Nm test 45.Ar expression 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm test 49utility evaluates the expression and, if it evaluates 50to true, returns a zero (true) exit status; otherwise 51it returns 1 (false). 52If there is no expression, test also 53returns 1 (false). 54.Pp 55All operators and flags are separate arguments to the 56.Nm test 57utility. 58.Pp 59The following primaries are used to construct expression: 60.Bl -tag -width Ar 61.It Fl b Ar file 62True if 63.Ar file 64exists and is a block special 65file. 66.It Fl c Ar file 67True if 68.Ar file 69exists and is a character 70special file. 71.It Fl d Ar file 72True if 73.Ar file 74exists and is a directory. 75.It Fl e Ar file 76True if 77.Ar file 78exists (regardless of type). 79.It Fl f Ar file 80True if 81.Ar file 82exists and is a regular file. 83.It Fl g Ar file 84True if 85.Ar file 86exists and its set group ID flag 87is set. 88.It Fl h Ar file 89True if 90.Ar file 91exists and is a symbolic link. 92.It Fl n Ar string 93True if the length of 94.Ar string 95is nonzero. 96.It Fl p Ar file 97True if 98.Ar file 99is a named pipe 100.Po Tn FIFO Pc . 101.It Fl r Ar file 102True if 103.Ar file exists and is readable. 104.It Fl s Ar file 105True if 106.Ar file 107exists and has a size greater 108than zero. 109.It Fl t Ar [file_descriptor] 110True if the file whose file descriptor number 111is 112.Ar file_descriptor 113(default 1) is open and is 114associated with a terminal. 115.It Fl u Ar file 116True if 117.Ar file 118exists and its set user ID flag 119is set. 120.It Fl w Ar file 121True if 122.Ar file 123exists and is writable. 124True 125indicates only that the write flag is on. 126The file is not writable on a read-only file 127system even if this test indicates true. 128.It Fl x Ar file 129True if 130.Ar file 131exists and is executable. 132True 133indicates only that the execute flag is on. 134If 135.Ar file 136is a directory, true indicates that 137.Ar file 138can be searched. 139.It Fl z Ar string 140True if the length of 141.Ar string 142is zero. 143.It Ar string 144True if 145.Ar string 146is not the null 147string. 148.It Ar \&s\&1 Cm \&= Ar \&s\&2 149True if the strings 150.Ar \&s\&1 151and 152.Ar \&s\&2 153are identical. 154.It Ar \&s\&1 Cm \&!= Ar \&s\&2 155True if the strings 156.Ar \&s\&1 157and 158.Ar \&s\&2 159are not identical. 160.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&eq Ar \&n\&2 161True if the integers 162.Ar \&n\&1 163and 164.Ar \&n\&2 165are algebraically 166equal. 167.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&ne Ar \&n\&2 168True if the integers 169.Ar \&n\&1 170and 171.Ar \&n\&2 172are not 173algebraically equal. 174.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \> Ar \&n\&2 175True if the integer 176.Ar \&n\&1 177is algebraically 178greater than the integer 179.Ar \&n\&2 . 180.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&ge Ar \&n\&2 181True if the integer 182.Ar \&n\&1 183is algebraically 184greater than or equal to the integer 185.Ar \&n\&2 . 186.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \< Ar \&n\&2 187True if the integer 188.Ar \&n\&1 189is algebraically less 190than the integer 191.Ar \&n\&2 . 192.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&le Ar \&n\&2 193True if the integer 194.Ar \&n\&1 195is algebraically less 196than or equal to the integer 197.Ar \&n\&2 . 198.El 199.Pp 200These primaries can be combined with the following operators: 201.Bl -tag -width Ar 202.It Cm \&! Ar expression 203True if 204.Ar expression 205is false. 206.It Ar expression1 Fl a Ar expression2 207True if both 208.Ar expression1 209and 210.Ar expression2 211are true. 212.It Ar expression1 Fl o Ar expression2 213True if either 214.Ar expression1 215or 216.Ar expression2 217are true. 218.It Cm \&( Ns Ar expression Ns Cm \&) 219True if expression is true. 220.El 221.Pp 222The 223.Fl a 224operator has higher precedence than the 225.Fl o 226operator. 227.Sh GRAMMAR AMBIGUITY 228The 229.Nm test 230grammar is inherently ambiguous. In order to assure a degree of consistency, 231the cases described in the 232.St -p1003.2 , 233section D11.2/4.62.4, standard 234are evaluated consistently according to the rules specified in the 235standards document. All other cases are subject to the ambiguity in the 236command semantics. 237.Sh RETURN VALUES 238The 239.Nm test 240utility exits with one of the following values: 241.Bl -tag -width Ds 242.It 0 243expression evaluated to true. 244.It 1 245expression evaluated to false or expression was 246missing. 247.It >1 248An error occurred. 249.El 250.Sh STANDARDS 251The 252.Nm test 253function is expected to be 254.St -p1003.2 255compatible. 256