1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 9.\" are met: 10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 15.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 23.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 24.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 25.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 26.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 27.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 28.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 29.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" @(#)test.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93 32.\" $FreeBSD$ 33.\" 34.Dd May 31, 1993 35.Dt TEST 1 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm test , 39.Nm \&[ 40.Nd condition evaluation utility 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Ar expression 44.Nm \&[ 45.Ar expression Cm ] 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47The 48.Nm 49utility evaluates the expression and, if it evaluates 50to true, returns a zero (true) exit status; otherwise 51it returns 1 (false). 52If there is no expression, test also 53returns 1 (false). 54.Pp 55All operators and flags are separate arguments to the 56.Nm 57utility. 58.Pp 59The following primaries are used to construct expression: 60.Bl -tag -width Ar 61.It Fl b Ar file 62True if 63.Ar file 64exists and is a block special 65file. 66.It Fl c Ar file 67True if 68.Ar file 69exists and is a character 70special file. 71.It Fl d Ar file 72True if 73.Ar file 74exists and is a directory. 75.It Fl e Ar file 76True if 77.Ar file 78exists (regardless of type). 79.It Fl f Ar file 80True if 81.Ar file 82exists and is a regular file. 83.It Fl g Ar file 84True if 85.Ar file 86exists and its set group ID flag 87is set. 88.It Fl h Ar file 89True if 90.Ar file 91exists and is a symbolic link. 92This operator is retained for compatibility with previous versions of 93this program. 94Do not rely on its existence; use 95.Fl L 96instead. 97.It Fl k Ar file 98True if 99.Ar file 100exists and its sticky bit is set. 101.It Fl n Ar string 102True if the length of 103.Ar string 104is nonzero. 105.It Fl p Ar file 106True if 107.Ar file 108is a named pipe 109.Pq Tn FIFO . 110.It Fl r Ar file 111True if 112.Ar file 113exists and is readable. 114.It Fl s Ar file 115True if 116.Ar file 117exists and has a size greater 118than zero. 119.It Fl t Ar file_descriptor 120True if the file whose file descriptor number 121is 122.Ar file_descriptor 123is open and is associated with a terminal. 124.It Fl u Ar file 125True if 126.Ar file 127exists and its set user ID flag 128is set. 129.It Fl w Ar file 130True if 131.Ar file 132exists and is writable. 133True 134indicates only that the write flag is on. 135The file is not writable on a read-only file 136system even if this test indicates true. 137.It Fl x Ar file 138True if 139.Ar file 140exists and is executable. 141True 142indicates only that the execute flag is on. 143If 144.Ar file 145is a directory, true indicates that 146.Ar file 147can be searched. 148.It Fl z Ar string 149True if the length of 150.Ar string 151is zero. 152.It Fl L Ar file 153True if 154.Ar file 155exists and is a symbolic link. 156.It Fl O Ar file 157True if 158.Ar file 159exists and its owner matches the effective user id of this process. 160.It Fl G Ar file 161True if 162.Ar file 163exists and its group matches the effective group id of this process. 164.It Fl S Ar file 165True if 166.Ar file 167exists and is a socket. 168.It Ar file1 Fl nt Ar file2 169True if 170.Ar file1 171exists and is newer than 172.Ar file2 . 173.It Ar file1 Fl ot Ar file2 174True if 175.Ar file1 176exists and is older than 177.Ar file2 . 178.It Ar file1 Fl ef Ar file2 179True if 180.Ar file1 181and 182.Ar file2 183exist and refer to the same file. 184.It Ar string 185True if 186.Ar string 187is not the null 188string. 189.It Ar \&s\&1 Cm \&= Ar \&s\&2 190True if the strings 191.Ar \&s\&1 192and 193.Ar \&s\&2 194are identical. 195.It Ar \&s\&1 Cm \&!= Ar \&s\&2 196True if the strings 197.Ar \&s\&1 198and 199.Ar \&s\&2 200are not identical. 201.It Ar \&s\&1 Cm \&< Ar \&s\&2 202True if string 203.Ar \&s\&1 204comes before 205.Ar \&s\&2 206based on the ASCII value of their characters. 207.It Ar \&s\&1 Cm \&> Ar \&s\&2 208True if string 209.Ar \&s\&1 210comes after 211.Ar \&s\&2 212based on the ASCII value of their characters. 213.It Ar \&s\&1 214True if 215.Ar \&s\&1 216is not the null 217string. 218.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&eq Ar \&n\&2 219True if the integers 220.Ar \&n\&1 221and 222.Ar \&n\&2 223are algebraically 224equal. 225.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&ne Ar \&n\&2 226True if the integers 227.Ar \&n\&1 228and 229.Ar \&n\&2 230are not 231algebraically equal. 232.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \> Ar \&n\&2 233True if the integer 234.Ar \&n\&1 235is algebraically 236greater than the integer 237.Ar \&n\&2 . 238.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&ge Ar \&n\&2 239True if the integer 240.Ar \&n\&1 241is algebraically 242greater than or equal to the integer 243.Ar \&n\&2 . 244.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \< Ar \&n\&2 245True if the integer 246.Ar \&n\&1 247is algebraically less 248than the integer 249.Ar \&n\&2 . 250.It Ar \&n\&1 Fl \&le Ar \&n\&2 251True if the integer 252.Ar \&n\&1 253is algebraically less 254than or equal to the integer 255.Ar \&n\&2 . 256.El 257.Pp 258These primaries can be combined with the following operators: 259.Bl -tag -width Ar 260.It Cm \&! Ar expression 261True if 262.Ar expression 263is false. 264.It Ar expression1 Fl a Ar expression2 265True if both 266.Ar expression1 267and 268.Ar expression2 269are true. 270.It Ar expression1 Fl o Ar expression2 271True if either 272.Ar expression1 273or 274.Ar expression2 275are true. 276.It Cm \&( Ns Ar expression Ns Cm \&) 277True if expression is true. 278.El 279.Pp 280The 281.Fl a 282operator has higher precedence than the 283.Fl o 284operator. 285.Pp 286Some shells may provide a builtin 287.Nm 288command which is similar or identical to this utility. 289Consult the 290.Xr builtin 1 291manual page. 292.Sh GRAMMAR AMBIGUITY 293The 294.Nm 295grammar is inherently ambiguous. In order to assure a degree of consistency, 296the cases described in the 297.St -p1003.2 , 298section D11.2/4.62.4, standard 299are evaluated consistently according to the rules specified in the 300standards document. All other cases are subject to the ambiguity in the 301command semantics. 302.Sh RETURN VALUES 303The 304.Nm 305utility exits with one of the following values: 306.Bl -tag -width Ds 307.It 0 308expression evaluated to true. 309.It 1 310expression evaluated to false or expression was 311missing. 312.It >1 313An error occurred. 314.El 315.Sh SEE ALSO 316.Xr builtin 1 , 317.Xr expr 1 , 318.Xr sh 1 319.Sh STANDARDS 320The 321.Nm 322utility implements a superset of the 323.St -p1003.2 324specification. 325