xref: /freebsd/bin/sh/parser.c (revision 2be111bf7dda0f18d645f0e201b6555bbe3da1ac)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Kenneth Almquist.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #ifndef lint
34 #if 0
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)parser.c	8.7 (Berkeley) 5/16/95";
36 #endif
37 #endif /* not lint */
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
40 
41 #include <stdlib.h>
42 #include <unistd.h>
43 #include <stdio.h>
44 
45 #include "shell.h"
46 #include "parser.h"
47 #include "nodes.h"
48 #include "expand.h"	/* defines rmescapes() */
49 #include "syntax.h"
50 #include "options.h"
51 #include "input.h"
52 #include "output.h"
53 #include "var.h"
54 #include "error.h"
55 #include "memalloc.h"
56 #include "mystring.h"
57 #include "alias.h"
58 #include "show.h"
59 #include "eval.h"
60 #include "exec.h"	/* to check for special builtins */
61 #ifndef NO_HISTORY
62 #include "myhistedit.h"
63 #endif
64 
65 /*
66  * Shell command parser.
67  */
68 
69 #define	PROMPTLEN	128
70 
71 /* values of checkkwd variable */
72 #define CHKALIAS	0x1
73 #define CHKKWD		0x2
74 #define CHKNL		0x4
75 
76 /* values returned by readtoken */
77 #include "token.h"
78 
79 
80 
81 struct heredoc {
82 	struct heredoc *next;	/* next here document in list */
83 	union node *here;		/* redirection node */
84 	char *eofmark;		/* string indicating end of input */
85 	int striptabs;		/* if set, strip leading tabs */
86 };
87 
88 struct parser_temp {
89 	struct parser_temp *next;
90 	void *data;
91 };
92 
93 
94 static struct heredoc *heredoclist;	/* list of here documents to read */
95 static int doprompt;		/* if set, prompt the user */
96 static int needprompt;		/* true if interactive and at start of line */
97 static int lasttoken;		/* last token read */
98 static int tokpushback;		/* last token pushed back */
99 static char *wordtext;		/* text of last word returned by readtoken */
100 static int checkkwd;
101 static struct nodelist *backquotelist;
102 static union node *redirnode;
103 static struct heredoc *heredoc;
104 static int quoteflag;		/* set if (part of) last token was quoted */
105 static int startlinno;		/* line # where last token started */
106 static int funclinno;		/* line # where the current function started */
107 static struct parser_temp *parser_temp;
108 
109 
110 static union node *list(int);
111 static union node *andor(void);
112 static union node *pipeline(void);
113 static union node *command(void);
114 static union node *simplecmd(union node **, union node *);
115 static union node *makename(void);
116 static union node *makebinary(int type, union node *n1, union node *n2);
117 static void parsefname(void);
118 static void parseheredoc(void);
119 static int peektoken(void);
120 static int readtoken(void);
121 static int xxreadtoken(void);
122 static int readtoken1(int, const char *, const char *, int);
123 static int noexpand(char *);
124 static void consumetoken(int);
125 static void synexpect(int) __dead2;
126 static void synerror(const char *) __dead2;
127 static void setprompt(int);
128 
129 
130 static void *
131 parser_temp_alloc(size_t len)
132 {
133 	struct parser_temp *t;
134 
135 	INTOFF;
136 	t = ckmalloc(sizeof(*t));
137 	t->data = NULL;
138 	t->next = parser_temp;
139 	parser_temp = t;
140 	t->data = ckmalloc(len);
141 	INTON;
142 	return t->data;
143 }
144 
145 
146 static void *
147 parser_temp_realloc(void *ptr, size_t len)
148 {
149 	struct parser_temp *t;
150 
151 	INTOFF;
152 	t = parser_temp;
153 	if (ptr != t->data)
154 		error("bug: parser_temp_realloc misused");
155 	t->data = ckrealloc(t->data, len);
156 	INTON;
157 	return t->data;
158 }
159 
160 
161 static void
162 parser_temp_free_upto(void *ptr)
163 {
164 	struct parser_temp *t;
165 	int done = 0;
166 
167 	INTOFF;
168 	while (parser_temp != NULL && !done) {
169 		t = parser_temp;
170 		parser_temp = t->next;
171 		done = t->data == ptr;
172 		ckfree(t->data);
173 		ckfree(t);
174 	}
175 	INTON;
176 	if (!done)
177 		error("bug: parser_temp_free_upto misused");
178 }
179 
180 
181 static void
182 parser_temp_free_all(void)
183 {
184 	struct parser_temp *t;
185 
186 	INTOFF;
187 	while (parser_temp != NULL) {
188 		t = parser_temp;
189 		parser_temp = t->next;
190 		ckfree(t->data);
191 		ckfree(t);
192 	}
193 	INTON;
194 }
195 
196 
197 /*
198  * Read and parse a command.  Returns NEOF on end of file.  (NULL is a
199  * valid parse tree indicating a blank line.)
200  */
201 
202 union node *
203 parsecmd(int interact)
204 {
205 	int t;
206 
207 	/* This assumes the parser is not re-entered,
208 	 * which could happen if we add command substitution on PS1/PS2.
209 	 */
210 	parser_temp_free_all();
211 	heredoclist = NULL;
212 
213 	tokpushback = 0;
214 	checkkwd = 0;
215 	doprompt = interact;
216 	if (doprompt)
217 		setprompt(1);
218 	else
219 		setprompt(0);
220 	needprompt = 0;
221 	t = readtoken();
222 	if (t == TEOF)
223 		return NEOF;
224 	if (t == TNL)
225 		return NULL;
226 	tokpushback++;
227 	return list(1);
228 }
229 
230 
231 static union node *
232 list(int nlflag)
233 {
234 	union node *ntop, *n1, *n2, *n3;
235 	int tok;
236 
237 	checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
238 	if (!nlflag && tokendlist[peektoken()])
239 		return NULL;
240 	ntop = n1 = NULL;
241 	for (;;) {
242 		n2 = andor();
243 		tok = readtoken();
244 		if (tok == TBACKGND) {
245 			if (n2 != NULL && n2->type == NPIPE) {
246 				n2->npipe.backgnd = 1;
247 			} else if (n2 != NULL && n2->type == NREDIR) {
248 				n2->type = NBACKGND;
249 			} else {
250 				n3 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nredir));
251 				n3->type = NBACKGND;
252 				n3->nredir.n = n2;
253 				n3->nredir.redirect = NULL;
254 				n2 = n3;
255 			}
256 		}
257 		if (ntop == NULL)
258 			ntop = n2;
259 		else if (n1 == NULL) {
260 			n1 = makebinary(NSEMI, ntop, n2);
261 			ntop = n1;
262 		}
263 		else {
264 			n3 = makebinary(NSEMI, n1->nbinary.ch2, n2);
265 			n1->nbinary.ch2 = n3;
266 			n1 = n3;
267 		}
268 		switch (tok) {
269 		case TBACKGND:
270 		case TSEMI:
271 			tok = readtoken();
272 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
273 		case TNL:
274 			if (tok == TNL) {
275 				parseheredoc();
276 				if (nlflag)
277 					return ntop;
278 			} else if (tok == TEOF && nlflag) {
279 				parseheredoc();
280 				return ntop;
281 			} else {
282 				tokpushback++;
283 			}
284 			checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
285 			if (!nlflag && tokendlist[peektoken()])
286 				return ntop;
287 			break;
288 		case TEOF:
289 			if (heredoclist)
290 				parseheredoc();
291 			else
292 				pungetc();		/* push back EOF on input */
293 			return ntop;
294 		default:
295 			if (nlflag)
296 				synexpect(-1);
297 			tokpushback++;
298 			return ntop;
299 		}
300 	}
301 }
302 
303 
304 
305 static union node *
306 andor(void)
307 {
308 	union node *n;
309 	int t;
310 
311 	n = pipeline();
312 	for (;;) {
313 		if ((t = readtoken()) == TAND) {
314 			t = NAND;
315 		} else if (t == TOR) {
316 			t = NOR;
317 		} else {
318 			tokpushback++;
319 			return n;
320 		}
321 		n = makebinary(t, n, pipeline());
322 	}
323 }
324 
325 
326 
327 static union node *
328 pipeline(void)
329 {
330 	union node *n1, *n2, *pipenode;
331 	struct nodelist *lp, *prev;
332 	int negate, t;
333 
334 	negate = 0;
335 	checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
336 	TRACE(("pipeline: entered\n"));
337 	while (readtoken() == TNOT)
338 		negate = !negate;
339 	tokpushback++;
340 	n1 = command();
341 	if (readtoken() == TPIPE) {
342 		pipenode = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct npipe));
343 		pipenode->type = NPIPE;
344 		pipenode->npipe.backgnd = 0;
345 		lp = (struct nodelist *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nodelist));
346 		pipenode->npipe.cmdlist = lp;
347 		lp->n = n1;
348 		do {
349 			prev = lp;
350 			lp = (struct nodelist *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nodelist));
351 			checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
352 			t = readtoken();
353 			tokpushback++;
354 			if (t == TNOT)
355 				lp->n = pipeline();
356 			else
357 				lp->n = command();
358 			prev->next = lp;
359 		} while (readtoken() == TPIPE);
360 		lp->next = NULL;
361 		n1 = pipenode;
362 	}
363 	tokpushback++;
364 	if (negate) {
365 		n2 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nnot));
366 		n2->type = NNOT;
367 		n2->nnot.com = n1;
368 		return n2;
369 	} else
370 		return n1;
371 }
372 
373 
374 
375 static union node *
376 command(void)
377 {
378 	union node *n1, *n2;
379 	union node *ap, **app;
380 	union node *cp, **cpp;
381 	union node *redir, **rpp;
382 	int t;
383 	int is_subshell;
384 
385 	checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
386 	is_subshell = 0;
387 	redir = NULL;
388 	n1 = NULL;
389 	rpp = &redir;
390 
391 	/* Check for redirection which may precede command */
392 	while (readtoken() == TREDIR) {
393 		*rpp = n2 = redirnode;
394 		rpp = &n2->nfile.next;
395 		parsefname();
396 	}
397 	tokpushback++;
398 
399 	switch (readtoken()) {
400 	case TIF:
401 		n1 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nif));
402 		n1->type = NIF;
403 		if ((n1->nif.test = list(0)) == NULL)
404 			synexpect(-1);
405 		consumetoken(TTHEN);
406 		n1->nif.ifpart = list(0);
407 		n2 = n1;
408 		while (readtoken() == TELIF) {
409 			n2->nif.elsepart = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nif));
410 			n2 = n2->nif.elsepart;
411 			n2->type = NIF;
412 			if ((n2->nif.test = list(0)) == NULL)
413 				synexpect(-1);
414 			consumetoken(TTHEN);
415 			n2->nif.ifpart = list(0);
416 		}
417 		if (lasttoken == TELSE)
418 			n2->nif.elsepart = list(0);
419 		else {
420 			n2->nif.elsepart = NULL;
421 			tokpushback++;
422 		}
423 		consumetoken(TFI);
424 		checkkwd = CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
425 		break;
426 	case TWHILE:
427 	case TUNTIL:
428 		t = lasttoken;
429 		if ((n1 = list(0)) == NULL)
430 			synexpect(-1);
431 		consumetoken(TDO);
432 		n1 = makebinary((t == TWHILE)? NWHILE : NUNTIL, n1, list(0));
433 		consumetoken(TDONE);
434 		checkkwd = CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
435 		break;
436 	case TFOR:
437 		if (readtoken() != TWORD || quoteflag || ! goodname(wordtext))
438 			synerror("Bad for loop variable");
439 		n1 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nfor));
440 		n1->type = NFOR;
441 		n1->nfor.var = wordtext;
442 		while (readtoken() == TNL)
443 			;
444 		if (lasttoken == TWORD && ! quoteflag && equal(wordtext, "in")) {
445 			app = &ap;
446 			while (readtoken() == TWORD) {
447 				n2 = makename();
448 				*app = n2;
449 				app = &n2->narg.next;
450 			}
451 			*app = NULL;
452 			n1->nfor.args = ap;
453 			if (lasttoken != TNL && lasttoken != TSEMI)
454 				synexpect(-1);
455 		} else {
456 			static char argvars[5] = {
457 				CTLVAR, VSNORMAL|VSQUOTE, '@', '=', '\0'
458 			};
459 			n2 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct narg));
460 			n2->type = NARG;
461 			n2->narg.text = argvars;
462 			n2->narg.backquote = NULL;
463 			n2->narg.next = NULL;
464 			n1->nfor.args = n2;
465 			/*
466 			 * Newline or semicolon here is optional (but note
467 			 * that the original Bourne shell only allowed NL).
468 			 */
469 			if (lasttoken != TNL && lasttoken != TSEMI)
470 				tokpushback++;
471 		}
472 		checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
473 		if ((t = readtoken()) == TDO)
474 			t = TDONE;
475 		else if (t == TBEGIN)
476 			t = TEND;
477 		else
478 			synexpect(-1);
479 		n1->nfor.body = list(0);
480 		consumetoken(t);
481 		checkkwd = CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
482 		break;
483 	case TCASE:
484 		n1 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct ncase));
485 		n1->type = NCASE;
486 		consumetoken(TWORD);
487 		n1->ncase.expr = makename();
488 		while (readtoken() == TNL);
489 		if (lasttoken != TWORD || ! equal(wordtext, "in"))
490 			synerror("expecting \"in\"");
491 		cpp = &n1->ncase.cases;
492 		checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD, readtoken();
493 		while (lasttoken != TESAC) {
494 			*cpp = cp = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nclist));
495 			cp->type = NCLIST;
496 			app = &cp->nclist.pattern;
497 			if (lasttoken == TLP)
498 				readtoken();
499 			for (;;) {
500 				*app = ap = makename();
501 				checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD;
502 				if (readtoken() != TPIPE)
503 					break;
504 				app = &ap->narg.next;
505 				readtoken();
506 			}
507 			ap->narg.next = NULL;
508 			if (lasttoken != TRP)
509 				synexpect(TRP);
510 			cp->nclist.body = list(0);
511 
512 			checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
513 			if ((t = readtoken()) != TESAC) {
514 				if (t == TENDCASE)
515 					;
516 				else if (t == TFALLTHRU)
517 					cp->type = NCLISTFALLTHRU;
518 				else
519 					synexpect(TENDCASE);
520 				checkkwd = CHKNL | CHKKWD, readtoken();
521 			}
522 			cpp = &cp->nclist.next;
523 		}
524 		*cpp = NULL;
525 		checkkwd = CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
526 		break;
527 	case TLP:
528 		n1 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nredir));
529 		n1->type = NSUBSHELL;
530 		n1->nredir.n = list(0);
531 		n1->nredir.redirect = NULL;
532 		consumetoken(TRP);
533 		checkkwd = CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
534 		is_subshell = 1;
535 		break;
536 	case TBEGIN:
537 		n1 = list(0);
538 		consumetoken(TEND);
539 		checkkwd = CHKKWD | CHKALIAS;
540 		break;
541 	/* A simple command must have at least one redirection or word. */
542 	case TBACKGND:
543 	case TSEMI:
544 	case TAND:
545 	case TOR:
546 	case TPIPE:
547 	case TENDCASE:
548 	case TFALLTHRU:
549 	case TEOF:
550 	case TNL:
551 	case TRP:
552 		if (!redir)
553 			synexpect(-1);
554 	case TWORD:
555 		tokpushback++;
556 		n1 = simplecmd(rpp, redir);
557 		return n1;
558 	default:
559 		synexpect(-1);
560 	}
561 
562 	/* Now check for redirection which may follow command */
563 	while (readtoken() == TREDIR) {
564 		*rpp = n2 = redirnode;
565 		rpp = &n2->nfile.next;
566 		parsefname();
567 	}
568 	tokpushback++;
569 	*rpp = NULL;
570 	if (redir) {
571 		if (!is_subshell) {
572 			n2 = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nredir));
573 			n2->type = NREDIR;
574 			n2->nredir.n = n1;
575 			n1 = n2;
576 		}
577 		n1->nredir.redirect = redir;
578 	}
579 
580 	return n1;
581 }
582 
583 
584 static union node *
585 simplecmd(union node **rpp, union node *redir)
586 {
587 	union node *args, **app;
588 	union node **orig_rpp = rpp;
589 	union node *n = NULL;
590 	int special;
591 	int savecheckkwd;
592 
593 	/* If we don't have any redirections already, then we must reset */
594 	/* rpp to be the address of the local redir variable.  */
595 	if (redir == 0)
596 		rpp = &redir;
597 
598 	args = NULL;
599 	app = &args;
600 	/*
601 	 * We save the incoming value, because we need this for shell
602 	 * functions.  There can not be a redirect or an argument between
603 	 * the function name and the open parenthesis.
604 	 */
605 	orig_rpp = rpp;
606 
607 	savecheckkwd = CHKALIAS;
608 
609 	for (;;) {
610 		checkkwd = savecheckkwd;
611 		if (readtoken() == TWORD) {
612 			n = makename();
613 			*app = n;
614 			app = &n->narg.next;
615 			if (savecheckkwd != 0 && !isassignment(wordtext))
616 				savecheckkwd = 0;
617 		} else if (lasttoken == TREDIR) {
618 			*rpp = n = redirnode;
619 			rpp = &n->nfile.next;
620 			parsefname();	/* read name of redirection file */
621 		} else if (lasttoken == TLP && app == &args->narg.next
622 					    && rpp == orig_rpp) {
623 			/* We have a function */
624 			consumetoken(TRP);
625 			funclinno = plinno;
626 			/*
627 			 * - Require plain text.
628 			 * - Functions with '/' cannot be called.
629 			 * - Reject name=().
630 			 * - Reject ksh extended glob patterns.
631 			 */
632 			if (!noexpand(n->narg.text) || quoteflag ||
633 			    strchr(n->narg.text, '/') ||
634 			    strchr("!%*+-=?@}~",
635 				n->narg.text[strlen(n->narg.text) - 1]))
636 				synerror("Bad function name");
637 			rmescapes(n->narg.text);
638 			if (find_builtin(n->narg.text, &special) >= 0 &&
639 			    special)
640 				synerror("Cannot override a special builtin with a function");
641 			n->type = NDEFUN;
642 			n->narg.next = command();
643 			funclinno = 0;
644 			return n;
645 		} else {
646 			tokpushback++;
647 			break;
648 		}
649 	}
650 	*app = NULL;
651 	*rpp = NULL;
652 	n = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct ncmd));
653 	n->type = NCMD;
654 	n->ncmd.args = args;
655 	n->ncmd.redirect = redir;
656 	return n;
657 }
658 
659 static union node *
660 makename(void)
661 {
662 	union node *n;
663 
664 	n = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct narg));
665 	n->type = NARG;
666 	n->narg.next = NULL;
667 	n->narg.text = wordtext;
668 	n->narg.backquote = backquotelist;
669 	return n;
670 }
671 
672 static union node *
673 makebinary(int type, union node *n1, union node *n2)
674 {
675 	union node *n;
676 
677 	n = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nbinary));
678 	n->type = type;
679 	n->nbinary.ch1 = n1;
680 	n->nbinary.ch2 = n2;
681 	return (n);
682 }
683 
684 void
685 forcealias(void)
686 {
687 	checkkwd |= CHKALIAS;
688 }
689 
690 void
691 fixredir(union node *n, const char *text, int err)
692 {
693 	TRACE(("Fix redir %s %d\n", text, err));
694 	if (!err)
695 		n->ndup.vname = NULL;
696 
697 	if (is_digit(text[0]) && text[1] == '\0')
698 		n->ndup.dupfd = digit_val(text[0]);
699 	else if (text[0] == '-' && text[1] == '\0')
700 		n->ndup.dupfd = -1;
701 	else {
702 
703 		if (err)
704 			synerror("Bad fd number");
705 		else
706 			n->ndup.vname = makename();
707 	}
708 }
709 
710 
711 static void
712 parsefname(void)
713 {
714 	union node *n = redirnode;
715 
716 	consumetoken(TWORD);
717 	if (n->type == NHERE) {
718 		struct heredoc *here = heredoc;
719 		struct heredoc *p;
720 
721 		if (quoteflag == 0)
722 			n->type = NXHERE;
723 		TRACE(("Here document %d\n", n->type));
724 		if (here->striptabs) {
725 			while (*wordtext == '\t')
726 				wordtext++;
727 		}
728 		if (! noexpand(wordtext))
729 			synerror("Illegal eof marker for << redirection");
730 		rmescapes(wordtext);
731 		here->eofmark = wordtext;
732 		here->next = NULL;
733 		if (heredoclist == NULL)
734 			heredoclist = here;
735 		else {
736 			for (p = heredoclist ; p->next ; p = p->next);
737 			p->next = here;
738 		}
739 	} else if (n->type == NTOFD || n->type == NFROMFD) {
740 		fixredir(n, wordtext, 0);
741 	} else {
742 		n->nfile.fname = makename();
743 	}
744 }
745 
746 
747 /*
748  * Input any here documents.
749  */
750 
751 static void
752 parseheredoc(void)
753 {
754 	struct heredoc *here;
755 	union node *n;
756 
757 	while (heredoclist) {
758 		here = heredoclist;
759 		heredoclist = here->next;
760 		if (needprompt) {
761 			setprompt(2);
762 			needprompt = 0;
763 		}
764 		readtoken1(pgetc(), here->here->type == NHERE? SQSYNTAX : DQSYNTAX,
765 				here->eofmark, here->striptabs);
766 		n = makename();
767 		here->here->nhere.doc = n;
768 	}
769 }
770 
771 static int
772 peektoken(void)
773 {
774 	int t;
775 
776 	t = readtoken();
777 	tokpushback++;
778 	return (t);
779 }
780 
781 static int
782 readtoken(void)
783 {
784 	int t;
785 	struct alias *ap;
786 #ifdef DEBUG
787 	int alreadyseen = tokpushback;
788 #endif
789 
790 	top:
791 	t = xxreadtoken();
792 
793 	/*
794 	 * eat newlines
795 	 */
796 	if (checkkwd & CHKNL) {
797 		while (t == TNL) {
798 			parseheredoc();
799 			t = xxreadtoken();
800 		}
801 	}
802 
803 	/*
804 	 * check for keywords and aliases
805 	 */
806 	if (t == TWORD && !quoteflag)
807 	{
808 		const char * const *pp;
809 
810 		if (checkkwd & CHKKWD)
811 			for (pp = parsekwd; *pp; pp++) {
812 				if (**pp == *wordtext && equal(*pp, wordtext))
813 				{
814 					lasttoken = t = pp - parsekwd + KWDOFFSET;
815 					TRACE(("keyword %s recognized\n", tokname[t]));
816 					goto out;
817 				}
818 			}
819 		if (checkkwd & CHKALIAS &&
820 		    (ap = lookupalias(wordtext, 1)) != NULL) {
821 			pushstring(ap->val, strlen(ap->val), ap);
822 			goto top;
823 		}
824 	}
825 out:
826 	if (t != TNOT)
827 		checkkwd = 0;
828 
829 #ifdef DEBUG
830 	if (!alreadyseen)
831 	    TRACE(("token %s %s\n", tokname[t], t == TWORD ? wordtext : ""));
832 	else
833 	    TRACE(("reread token %s %s\n", tokname[t], t == TWORD ? wordtext : ""));
834 #endif
835 	return (t);
836 }
837 
838 
839 /*
840  * Read the next input token.
841  * If the token is a word, we set backquotelist to the list of cmds in
842  *	backquotes.  We set quoteflag to true if any part of the word was
843  *	quoted.
844  * If the token is TREDIR, then we set redirnode to a structure containing
845  *	the redirection.
846  * In all cases, the variable startlinno is set to the number of the line
847  *	on which the token starts.
848  *
849  * [Change comment:  here documents and internal procedures]
850  * [Readtoken shouldn't have any arguments.  Perhaps we should make the
851  *  word parsing code into a separate routine.  In this case, readtoken
852  *  doesn't need to have any internal procedures, but parseword does.
853  *  We could also make parseoperator in essence the main routine, and
854  *  have parseword (readtoken1?) handle both words and redirection.]
855  */
856 
857 #define RETURN(token)	return lasttoken = token
858 
859 static int
860 xxreadtoken(void)
861 {
862 	int c;
863 
864 	if (tokpushback) {
865 		tokpushback = 0;
866 		return lasttoken;
867 	}
868 	if (needprompt) {
869 		setprompt(2);
870 		needprompt = 0;
871 	}
872 	startlinno = plinno;
873 	for (;;) {	/* until token or start of word found */
874 		c = pgetc_macro();
875 		switch (c) {
876 		case ' ': case '\t':
877 			continue;
878 		case '#':
879 			while ((c = pgetc()) != '\n' && c != PEOF);
880 			pungetc();
881 			continue;
882 		case '\\':
883 			if (pgetc() == '\n') {
884 				startlinno = ++plinno;
885 				if (doprompt)
886 					setprompt(2);
887 				else
888 					setprompt(0);
889 				continue;
890 			}
891 			pungetc();
892 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
893 		default:
894 			return readtoken1(c, BASESYNTAX, (char *)NULL, 0);
895 		case '\n':
896 			plinno++;
897 			needprompt = doprompt;
898 			RETURN(TNL);
899 		case PEOF:
900 			RETURN(TEOF);
901 		case '&':
902 			if (pgetc() == '&')
903 				RETURN(TAND);
904 			pungetc();
905 			RETURN(TBACKGND);
906 		case '|':
907 			if (pgetc() == '|')
908 				RETURN(TOR);
909 			pungetc();
910 			RETURN(TPIPE);
911 		case ';':
912 			c = pgetc();
913 			if (c == ';')
914 				RETURN(TENDCASE);
915 			else if (c == '&')
916 				RETURN(TFALLTHRU);
917 			pungetc();
918 			RETURN(TSEMI);
919 		case '(':
920 			RETURN(TLP);
921 		case ')':
922 			RETURN(TRP);
923 		}
924 	}
925 #undef RETURN
926 }
927 
928 
929 #define MAXNEST_static 8
930 struct tokenstate
931 {
932 	const char *syntax; /* *SYNTAX */
933 	int parenlevel; /* levels of parentheses in arithmetic */
934 	enum tokenstate_category
935 	{
936 		TSTATE_TOP,
937 		TSTATE_VAR_OLD, /* ${var+-=?}, inherits dquotes */
938 		TSTATE_VAR_NEW, /* other ${var...}, own dquote state */
939 		TSTATE_ARITH
940 	} category;
941 };
942 
943 
944 /*
945  * Check to see whether we are at the end of the here document.  When this
946  * is called, c is set to the first character of the next input line.  If
947  * we are at the end of the here document, this routine sets the c to PEOF.
948  * The new value of c is returned.
949  */
950 
951 static int
952 checkend(int c, const char *eofmark, int striptabs)
953 {
954 	if (striptabs) {
955 		while (c == '\t')
956 			c = pgetc();
957 	}
958 	if (c == *eofmark) {
959 		int c2;
960 		const char *q;
961 
962 		for (q = eofmark + 1; c2 = pgetc(), *q != '\0' && c2 == *q; q++)
963 			;
964 		if ((c2 == PEOF || c2 == '\n') && *q == '\0') {
965 			c = PEOF;
966 			if (c2 == '\n') {
967 				plinno++;
968 				needprompt = doprompt;
969 			}
970 		} else {
971 			pungetc();
972 			pushstring(eofmark + 1, q - (eofmark + 1), NULL);
973 		}
974 	}
975 	return (c);
976 }
977 
978 
979 /*
980  * Parse a redirection operator.  The variable "out" points to a string
981  * specifying the fd to be redirected.  The variable "c" contains the
982  * first character of the redirection operator.
983  */
984 
985 static void
986 parseredir(char *out, int c)
987 {
988 	char fd = *out;
989 	union node *np;
990 
991 	np = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nfile));
992 	if (c == '>') {
993 		np->nfile.fd = 1;
994 		c = pgetc();
995 		if (c == '>')
996 			np->type = NAPPEND;
997 		else if (c == '&')
998 			np->type = NTOFD;
999 		else if (c == '|')
1000 			np->type = NCLOBBER;
1001 		else {
1002 			np->type = NTO;
1003 			pungetc();
1004 		}
1005 	} else {	/* c == '<' */
1006 		np->nfile.fd = 0;
1007 		c = pgetc();
1008 		if (c == '<') {
1009 			if (sizeof (struct nfile) != sizeof (struct nhere)) {
1010 				np = (union node *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nhere));
1011 				np->nfile.fd = 0;
1012 			}
1013 			np->type = NHERE;
1014 			heredoc = (struct heredoc *)stalloc(sizeof (struct heredoc));
1015 			heredoc->here = np;
1016 			if ((c = pgetc()) == '-') {
1017 				heredoc->striptabs = 1;
1018 			} else {
1019 				heredoc->striptabs = 0;
1020 				pungetc();
1021 			}
1022 		} else if (c == '&')
1023 			np->type = NFROMFD;
1024 		else if (c == '>')
1025 			np->type = NFROMTO;
1026 		else {
1027 			np->type = NFROM;
1028 			pungetc();
1029 		}
1030 	}
1031 	if (fd != '\0')
1032 		np->nfile.fd = digit_val(fd);
1033 	redirnode = np;
1034 }
1035 
1036 /*
1037  * Called to parse command substitutions.
1038  */
1039 
1040 static char *
1041 parsebackq(char *out, struct nodelist **pbqlist,
1042 		int oldstyle, int dblquote, int quoted)
1043 {
1044 	struct nodelist **nlpp;
1045 	union node *n;
1046 	char *volatile str;
1047 	struct jmploc jmploc;
1048 	struct jmploc *const savehandler = handler;
1049 	size_t savelen;
1050 	int saveprompt;
1051 	const int bq_startlinno = plinno;
1052 	char *volatile ostr = NULL;
1053 	struct parsefile *const savetopfile = getcurrentfile();
1054 	struct heredoc *const saveheredoclist = heredoclist;
1055 	struct heredoc *here;
1056 
1057 	str = NULL;
1058 	if (setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
1059 		popfilesupto(savetopfile);
1060 		if (str)
1061 			ckfree(str);
1062 		if (ostr)
1063 			ckfree(ostr);
1064 		heredoclist = saveheredoclist;
1065 		handler = savehandler;
1066 		if (exception == EXERROR) {
1067 			startlinno = bq_startlinno;
1068 			synerror("Error in command substitution");
1069 		}
1070 		longjmp(handler->loc, 1);
1071 	}
1072 	INTOFF;
1073 	savelen = out - stackblock();
1074 	if (savelen > 0) {
1075 		str = ckmalloc(savelen);
1076 		memcpy(str, stackblock(), savelen);
1077 	}
1078 	handler = &jmploc;
1079 	heredoclist = NULL;
1080 	INTON;
1081         if (oldstyle) {
1082                 /* We must read until the closing backquote, giving special
1083                    treatment to some slashes, and then push the string and
1084                    reread it as input, interpreting it normally.  */
1085                 char *oout;
1086                 int c;
1087                 int olen;
1088 
1089 
1090                 STARTSTACKSTR(oout);
1091 		for (;;) {
1092 			if (needprompt) {
1093 				setprompt(2);
1094 				needprompt = 0;
1095 			}
1096 			CHECKSTRSPACE(2, oout);
1097 			c = pgetc();
1098 			if (c == '`')
1099 				break;
1100 			switch (c) {
1101 			case '\\':
1102                                 if ((c = pgetc()) == '\n') {
1103 					plinno++;
1104 					if (doprompt)
1105 						setprompt(2);
1106 					else
1107 						setprompt(0);
1108 					/*
1109 					 * If eating a newline, avoid putting
1110 					 * the newline into the new character
1111 					 * stream (via the USTPUTC after the
1112 					 * switch).
1113 					 */
1114 					continue;
1115 				}
1116                                 if (c != '\\' && c != '`' && c != '$'
1117                                     && (!dblquote || c != '"'))
1118                                         USTPUTC('\\', oout);
1119 				break;
1120 
1121 			case '\n':
1122 				plinno++;
1123 				needprompt = doprompt;
1124 				break;
1125 
1126 			case PEOF:
1127 			        startlinno = plinno;
1128 				synerror("EOF in backquote substitution");
1129  				break;
1130 
1131 			default:
1132 				break;
1133 			}
1134 			USTPUTC(c, oout);
1135                 }
1136                 USTPUTC('\0', oout);
1137                 olen = oout - stackblock();
1138 		INTOFF;
1139 		ostr = ckmalloc(olen);
1140 		memcpy(ostr, stackblock(), olen);
1141 		setinputstring(ostr, 1);
1142 		INTON;
1143         }
1144 	nlpp = pbqlist;
1145 	while (*nlpp)
1146 		nlpp = &(*nlpp)->next;
1147 	*nlpp = (struct nodelist *)stalloc(sizeof (struct nodelist));
1148 	(*nlpp)->next = NULL;
1149 
1150 	if (oldstyle) {
1151 		saveprompt = doprompt;
1152 		doprompt = 0;
1153 	}
1154 
1155 	n = list(0);
1156 
1157 	if (oldstyle) {
1158 		if (peektoken() != TEOF)
1159 			synexpect(-1);
1160 		doprompt = saveprompt;
1161 	} else
1162 		consumetoken(TRP);
1163 
1164 	(*nlpp)->n = n;
1165         if (oldstyle) {
1166 		/*
1167 		 * Start reading from old file again, ignoring any pushed back
1168 		 * tokens left from the backquote parsing
1169 		 */
1170                 popfile();
1171 		tokpushback = 0;
1172 	}
1173 	STARTSTACKSTR(out);
1174 	CHECKSTRSPACE(savelen + 1, out);
1175 	INTOFF;
1176 	if (str) {
1177 		memcpy(out, str, savelen);
1178 		STADJUST(savelen, out);
1179 		ckfree(str);
1180 		str = NULL;
1181 	}
1182 	if (ostr) {
1183 		ckfree(ostr);
1184 		ostr = NULL;
1185 	}
1186 	here = saveheredoclist;
1187 	if (here != NULL) {
1188 		while (here->next != NULL)
1189 			here = here->next;
1190 		here->next = heredoclist;
1191 		heredoclist = saveheredoclist;
1192 	}
1193 	handler = savehandler;
1194 	INTON;
1195 	if (quoted)
1196 		USTPUTC(CTLBACKQ | CTLQUOTE, out);
1197 	else
1198 		USTPUTC(CTLBACKQ, out);
1199 	return out;
1200 }
1201 
1202 
1203 /*
1204  * Called to parse a backslash escape sequence inside $'...'.
1205  * The backslash has already been read.
1206  */
1207 static char *
1208 readcstyleesc(char *out)
1209 {
1210 	int c, v, i, n;
1211 
1212 	c = pgetc();
1213 	switch (c) {
1214 	case '\0':
1215 		synerror("Unterminated quoted string");
1216 	case '\n':
1217 		plinno++;
1218 		if (doprompt)
1219 			setprompt(2);
1220 		else
1221 			setprompt(0);
1222 		return out;
1223 	case '\\':
1224 	case '\'':
1225 	case '"':
1226 		v = c;
1227 		break;
1228 	case 'a': v = '\a'; break;
1229 	case 'b': v = '\b'; break;
1230 	case 'e': v = '\033'; break;
1231 	case 'f': v = '\f'; break;
1232 	case 'n': v = '\n'; break;
1233 	case 'r': v = '\r'; break;
1234 	case 't': v = '\t'; break;
1235 	case 'v': v = '\v'; break;
1236 	case 'x':
1237 		  v = 0;
1238 		  for (;;) {
1239 			  c = pgetc();
1240 			  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1241 				  v = (v << 4) + c - '0';
1242 			  else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1243 				  v = (v << 4) + c - 'A' + 10;
1244 			  else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1245 				  v = (v << 4) + c - 'a' + 10;
1246 			  else
1247 				  break;
1248 		  }
1249 		  pungetc();
1250 		  break;
1251 	case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
1252 	case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
1253 		  v = c - '0';
1254 		  c = pgetc();
1255 		  if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
1256 			  v <<= 3;
1257 			  v += c - '0';
1258 			  c = pgetc();
1259 			  if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
1260 				  v <<= 3;
1261 				  v += c - '0';
1262 			  } else
1263 				  pungetc();
1264 		  } else
1265 			  pungetc();
1266 		  break;
1267 	case 'c':
1268 		  c = pgetc();
1269 		  if (c < 0x3f || c > 0x7a || c == 0x60)
1270 			  synerror("Bad escape sequence");
1271 		  if (c == '\\' && pgetc() != '\\')
1272 			  synerror("Bad escape sequence");
1273 		  if (c == '?')
1274 			  v = 127;
1275 		  else
1276 			  v = c & 0x1f;
1277 		  break;
1278 	case 'u':
1279 	case 'U':
1280 		  n = c == 'U' ? 8 : 4;
1281 		  v = 0;
1282 		  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1283 			  c = pgetc();
1284 			  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1285 				  v = (v << 4) + c - '0';
1286 			  else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1287 				  v = (v << 4) + c - 'A' + 10;
1288 			  else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1289 				  v = (v << 4) + c - 'a' + 10;
1290 			  else
1291 				  synerror("Bad escape sequence");
1292 		  }
1293 		  if (v == 0 || (v >= 0xd800 && v <= 0xdfff))
1294 			  synerror("Bad escape sequence");
1295 		  /* We really need iconv here. */
1296 		  if (initial_localeisutf8 && v > 127) {
1297 			  CHECKSTRSPACE(4, out);
1298 			  /*
1299 			   * We cannot use wctomb() as the locale may have
1300 			   * changed.
1301 			   */
1302 			  if (v <= 0x7ff) {
1303 				  USTPUTC(0xc0 | v >> 6, out);
1304 				  USTPUTC(0x80 | (v & 0x3f), out);
1305 				  return out;
1306 			  } else if (v <= 0xffff) {
1307 				  USTPUTC(0xe0 | v >> 12, out);
1308 				  USTPUTC(0x80 | ((v >> 6) & 0x3f), out);
1309 				  USTPUTC(0x80 | (v & 0x3f), out);
1310 				  return out;
1311 			  } else if (v <= 0x10ffff) {
1312 				  USTPUTC(0xf0 | v >> 18, out);
1313 				  USTPUTC(0x80 | ((v >> 12) & 0x3f), out);
1314 				  USTPUTC(0x80 | ((v >> 6) & 0x3f), out);
1315 				  USTPUTC(0x80 | (v & 0x3f), out);
1316 				  return out;
1317 			  }
1318 		  }
1319 		  if (v > 127)
1320 			  v = '?';
1321 		  break;
1322 	default:
1323 		  synerror("Bad escape sequence");
1324 	}
1325 	v = (char)v;
1326 	/*
1327 	 * We can't handle NUL bytes.
1328 	 * POSIX says we should skip till the closing quote.
1329 	 */
1330 	if (v == '\0') {
1331 		while ((c = pgetc()) != '\'') {
1332 			if (c == '\\')
1333 				c = pgetc();
1334 			if (c == PEOF)
1335 				synerror("Unterminated quoted string");
1336 			if (c == '\n') {
1337 				plinno++;
1338 				if (doprompt)
1339 					setprompt(2);
1340 				else
1341 					setprompt(0);
1342 			}
1343 		}
1344 		pungetc();
1345 		return out;
1346 	}
1347 	if (SQSYNTAX[v] == CCTL)
1348 		USTPUTC(CTLESC, out);
1349 	USTPUTC(v, out);
1350 	return out;
1351 }
1352 
1353 
1354 /*
1355  * If eofmark is NULL, read a word or a redirection symbol.  If eofmark
1356  * is not NULL, read a here document.  In the latter case, eofmark is the
1357  * word which marks the end of the document and striptabs is true if
1358  * leading tabs should be stripped from the document.  The argument firstc
1359  * is the first character of the input token or document.
1360  *
1361  * Because C does not have internal subroutines, I have simulated them
1362  * using goto's to implement the subroutine linkage.  The following macros
1363  * will run code that appears at the end of readtoken1.
1364  */
1365 
1366 #define PARSESUB()	{goto parsesub; parsesub_return:;}
1367 #define	PARSEARITH()	{goto parsearith; parsearith_return:;}
1368 
1369 static int
1370 readtoken1(int firstc, char const *initialsyntax, const char *eofmark,
1371     int striptabs)
1372 {
1373 	int c = firstc;
1374 	char *out;
1375 	int len;
1376 	struct nodelist *bqlist;
1377 	int quotef;
1378 	int newvarnest;
1379 	int level;
1380 	int synentry;
1381 	struct tokenstate state_static[MAXNEST_static];
1382 	int maxnest = MAXNEST_static;
1383 	struct tokenstate *state = state_static;
1384 	int sqiscstyle = 0;
1385 
1386 	startlinno = plinno;
1387 	quotef = 0;
1388 	bqlist = NULL;
1389 	newvarnest = 0;
1390 	level = 0;
1391 	state[level].syntax = initialsyntax;
1392 	state[level].parenlevel = 0;
1393 	state[level].category = TSTATE_TOP;
1394 
1395 	STARTSTACKSTR(out);
1396 	loop: {	/* for each line, until end of word */
1397 		if (eofmark)
1398 			/* set c to PEOF if at end of here document */
1399 			c = checkend(c, eofmark, striptabs);
1400 		for (;;) {	/* until end of line or end of word */
1401 			CHECKSTRSPACE(4, out);	/* permit 4 calls to USTPUTC */
1402 
1403 			synentry = state[level].syntax[c];
1404 
1405 			switch(synentry) {
1406 			case CNL:	/* '\n' */
1407 				if (state[level].syntax == BASESYNTAX)
1408 					goto endword;	/* exit outer loop */
1409 				USTPUTC(c, out);
1410 				plinno++;
1411 				if (doprompt)
1412 					setprompt(2);
1413 				else
1414 					setprompt(0);
1415 				c = pgetc();
1416 				goto loop;		/* continue outer loop */
1417 			case CSBACK:
1418 				if (sqiscstyle) {
1419 					out = readcstyleesc(out);
1420 					break;
1421 				}
1422 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
1423 			case CWORD:
1424 				USTPUTC(c, out);
1425 				break;
1426 			case CCTL:
1427 				if (eofmark == NULL || initialsyntax != SQSYNTAX)
1428 					USTPUTC(CTLESC, out);
1429 				USTPUTC(c, out);
1430 				break;
1431 			case CBACK:	/* backslash */
1432 				c = pgetc();
1433 				if (c == PEOF) {
1434 					USTPUTC('\\', out);
1435 					pungetc();
1436 				} else if (c == '\n') {
1437 					plinno++;
1438 					if (doprompt)
1439 						setprompt(2);
1440 					else
1441 						setprompt(0);
1442 				} else {
1443 					if (state[level].syntax == DQSYNTAX &&
1444 					    c != '\\' && c != '`' && c != '$' &&
1445 					    (c != '"' || (eofmark != NULL &&
1446 						newvarnest == 0)) &&
1447 					    (c != '}' || state[level].category != TSTATE_VAR_OLD))
1448 						USTPUTC('\\', out);
1449 					if ((eofmark == NULL ||
1450 					    newvarnest > 0) &&
1451 					    state[level].syntax == BASESYNTAX)
1452 						USTPUTC(CTLQUOTEMARK, out);
1453 					if (SQSYNTAX[c] == CCTL)
1454 						USTPUTC(CTLESC, out);
1455 					USTPUTC(c, out);
1456 					if ((eofmark == NULL ||
1457 					    newvarnest > 0) &&
1458 					    state[level].syntax == BASESYNTAX &&
1459 					    state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_OLD)
1460 						USTPUTC(CTLQUOTEEND, out);
1461 					quotef++;
1462 				}
1463 				break;
1464 			case CSQUOTE:
1465 				USTPUTC(CTLQUOTEMARK, out);
1466 				state[level].syntax = SQSYNTAX;
1467 				sqiscstyle = 0;
1468 				break;
1469 			case CDQUOTE:
1470 				USTPUTC(CTLQUOTEMARK, out);
1471 				state[level].syntax = DQSYNTAX;
1472 				break;
1473 			case CENDQUOTE:
1474 				if (eofmark != NULL && newvarnest == 0)
1475 					USTPUTC(c, out);
1476 				else {
1477 					if (state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_OLD)
1478 						USTPUTC(CTLQUOTEEND, out);
1479 					state[level].syntax = BASESYNTAX;
1480 					quotef++;
1481 				}
1482 				break;
1483 			case CVAR:	/* '$' */
1484 				PARSESUB();		/* parse substitution */
1485 				break;
1486 			case CENDVAR:	/* '}' */
1487 				if (level > 0 &&
1488 				    ((state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_OLD &&
1489 				      state[level].syntax ==
1490 				      state[level - 1].syntax) ||
1491 				    (state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_NEW &&
1492 				     state[level].syntax == BASESYNTAX))) {
1493 					if (state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_NEW)
1494 						newvarnest--;
1495 					level--;
1496 					USTPUTC(CTLENDVAR, out);
1497 				} else {
1498 					USTPUTC(c, out);
1499 				}
1500 				break;
1501 			case CLP:	/* '(' in arithmetic */
1502 				state[level].parenlevel++;
1503 				USTPUTC(c, out);
1504 				break;
1505 			case CRP:	/* ')' in arithmetic */
1506 				if (state[level].parenlevel > 0) {
1507 					USTPUTC(c, out);
1508 					--state[level].parenlevel;
1509 				} else {
1510 					if (pgetc() == ')') {
1511 						if (level > 0 &&
1512 						    state[level].category == TSTATE_ARITH) {
1513 							level--;
1514 							USTPUTC(CTLENDARI, out);
1515 						} else
1516 							USTPUTC(')', out);
1517 					} else {
1518 						/*
1519 						 * unbalanced parens
1520 						 *  (don't 2nd guess - no error)
1521 						 */
1522 						pungetc();
1523 						USTPUTC(')', out);
1524 					}
1525 				}
1526 				break;
1527 			case CBQUOTE:	/* '`' */
1528 				out = parsebackq(out, &bqlist, 1,
1529 				    state[level].syntax == DQSYNTAX &&
1530 				    (eofmark == NULL || newvarnest > 0),
1531 				    state[level].syntax == DQSYNTAX || state[level].syntax == ARISYNTAX);
1532 				break;
1533 			case CEOF:
1534 				goto endword;		/* exit outer loop */
1535 			case CIGN:
1536 				break;
1537 			default:
1538 				if (level == 0)
1539 					goto endword;	/* exit outer loop */
1540 				USTPUTC(c, out);
1541 			}
1542 			c = pgetc_macro();
1543 		}
1544 	}
1545 endword:
1546 	if (state[level].syntax == ARISYNTAX)
1547 		synerror("Missing '))'");
1548 	if (state[level].syntax != BASESYNTAX && eofmark == NULL)
1549 		synerror("Unterminated quoted string");
1550 	if (state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_OLD ||
1551 	    state[level].category == TSTATE_VAR_NEW) {
1552 		startlinno = plinno;
1553 		synerror("Missing '}'");
1554 	}
1555 	if (state != state_static)
1556 		parser_temp_free_upto(state);
1557 	USTPUTC('\0', out);
1558 	len = out - stackblock();
1559 	out = stackblock();
1560 	if (eofmark == NULL) {
1561 		if ((c == '>' || c == '<')
1562 		 && quotef == 0
1563 		 && len <= 2
1564 		 && (*out == '\0' || is_digit(*out))) {
1565 			parseredir(out, c);
1566 			return lasttoken = TREDIR;
1567 		} else {
1568 			pungetc();
1569 		}
1570 	}
1571 	quoteflag = quotef;
1572 	backquotelist = bqlist;
1573 	grabstackblock(len);
1574 	wordtext = out;
1575 	return lasttoken = TWORD;
1576 /* end of readtoken routine */
1577 
1578 
1579 /*
1580  * Parse a substitution.  At this point, we have read the dollar sign
1581  * and nothing else.
1582  */
1583 
1584 parsesub: {
1585 	char buf[10];
1586 	int subtype;
1587 	int typeloc;
1588 	int flags;
1589 	char *p;
1590 	static const char types[] = "}-+?=";
1591 	int bracketed_name = 0; /* used to handle ${[0-9]*} variables */
1592 	int linno;
1593 	int length;
1594 	int c1;
1595 
1596 	c = pgetc();
1597 	if (c == '(') {	/* $(command) or $((arith)) */
1598 		if (pgetc() == '(') {
1599 			PARSEARITH();
1600 		} else {
1601 			pungetc();
1602 			out = parsebackq(out, &bqlist, 0,
1603 			    state[level].syntax == DQSYNTAX &&
1604 			    (eofmark == NULL || newvarnest > 0),
1605 			    state[level].syntax == DQSYNTAX ||
1606 			    state[level].syntax == ARISYNTAX);
1607 		}
1608 	} else if (c == '{' || is_name(c) || is_special(c)) {
1609 		USTPUTC(CTLVAR, out);
1610 		typeloc = out - stackblock();
1611 		USTPUTC(VSNORMAL, out);
1612 		subtype = VSNORMAL;
1613 		flags = 0;
1614 		if (c == '{') {
1615 			bracketed_name = 1;
1616 			c = pgetc();
1617 			subtype = 0;
1618 		}
1619 varname:
1620 		if (!is_eof(c) && is_name(c)) {
1621 			length = 0;
1622 			do {
1623 				STPUTC(c, out);
1624 				c = pgetc();
1625 				length++;
1626 			} while (!is_eof(c) && is_in_name(c));
1627 			if (length == 6 &&
1628 			    strncmp(out - length, "LINENO", length) == 0) {
1629 				/* Replace the variable name with the
1630 				 * current line number. */
1631 				linno = plinno;
1632 				if (funclinno != 0)
1633 					linno -= funclinno - 1;
1634 				snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", linno);
1635 				STADJUST(-6, out);
1636 				STPUTS(buf, out);
1637 				flags |= VSLINENO;
1638 			}
1639 		} else if (is_digit(c)) {
1640 			if (bracketed_name) {
1641 				do {
1642 					STPUTC(c, out);
1643 					c = pgetc();
1644 				} while (is_digit(c));
1645 			} else {
1646 				STPUTC(c, out);
1647 				c = pgetc();
1648 			}
1649 		} else if (is_special(c)) {
1650 			c1 = c;
1651 			c = pgetc();
1652 			if (subtype == 0 && c1 == '#') {
1653 				subtype = VSLENGTH;
1654 				if (strchr(types, c) == NULL && c != ':' &&
1655 				    c != '#' && c != '%')
1656 					goto varname;
1657 				c1 = c;
1658 				c = pgetc();
1659 				if (c1 != '}' && c == '}') {
1660 					pungetc();
1661 					c = c1;
1662 					goto varname;
1663 				}
1664 				pungetc();
1665 				c = c1;
1666 				c1 = '#';
1667 				subtype = 0;
1668 			}
1669 			USTPUTC(c1, out);
1670 		} else {
1671 			subtype = VSERROR;
1672 			if (c == '}')
1673 				pungetc();
1674 			else if (c == '\n' || c == PEOF)
1675 				synerror("Unexpected end of line in substitution");
1676 			else
1677 				USTPUTC(c, out);
1678 		}
1679 		if (subtype == 0) {
1680 			switch (c) {
1681 			case ':':
1682 				flags |= VSNUL;
1683 				c = pgetc();
1684 				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
1685 			default:
1686 				p = strchr(types, c);
1687 				if (p == NULL) {
1688 					if (c == '\n' || c == PEOF)
1689 						synerror("Unexpected end of line in substitution");
1690 					if (flags == VSNUL)
1691 						STPUTC(':', out);
1692 					STPUTC(c, out);
1693 					subtype = VSERROR;
1694 				} else
1695 					subtype = p - types + VSNORMAL;
1696 				break;
1697 			case '%':
1698 			case '#':
1699 				{
1700 					int cc = c;
1701 					subtype = c == '#' ? VSTRIMLEFT :
1702 							     VSTRIMRIGHT;
1703 					c = pgetc();
1704 					if (c == cc)
1705 						subtype++;
1706 					else
1707 						pungetc();
1708 					break;
1709 				}
1710 			}
1711 		} else if (subtype != VSERROR) {
1712 			if (subtype == VSLENGTH && c != '}')
1713 				subtype = VSERROR;
1714 			pungetc();
1715 		}
1716 		STPUTC('=', out);
1717 		if (state[level].syntax == DQSYNTAX ||
1718 		    state[level].syntax == ARISYNTAX)
1719 			flags |= VSQUOTE;
1720 		*(stackblock() + typeloc) = subtype | flags;
1721 		if (subtype != VSNORMAL) {
1722 			if (level + 1 >= maxnest) {
1723 				maxnest *= 2;
1724 				if (state == state_static) {
1725 					state = parser_temp_alloc(
1726 					    maxnest * sizeof(*state));
1727 					memcpy(state, state_static,
1728 					    MAXNEST_static * sizeof(*state));
1729 				} else
1730 					state = parser_temp_realloc(state,
1731 					    maxnest * sizeof(*state));
1732 			}
1733 			level++;
1734 			state[level].parenlevel = 0;
1735 			if (subtype == VSMINUS || subtype == VSPLUS ||
1736 			    subtype == VSQUESTION || subtype == VSASSIGN) {
1737 				/*
1738 				 * For operators that were in the Bourne shell,
1739 				 * inherit the double-quote state.
1740 				 */
1741 				state[level].syntax = state[level - 1].syntax;
1742 				state[level].category = TSTATE_VAR_OLD;
1743 			} else {
1744 				/*
1745 				 * The other operators take a pattern,
1746 				 * so go to BASESYNTAX.
1747 				 * Also, ' and " are now special, even
1748 				 * in here documents.
1749 				 */
1750 				state[level].syntax = BASESYNTAX;
1751 				state[level].category = TSTATE_VAR_NEW;
1752 				newvarnest++;
1753 			}
1754 		}
1755 	} else if (c == '\'' && state[level].syntax == BASESYNTAX) {
1756 		/* $'cstylequotes' */
1757 		USTPUTC(CTLQUOTEMARK, out);
1758 		state[level].syntax = SQSYNTAX;
1759 		sqiscstyle = 1;
1760 	} else {
1761 		USTPUTC('$', out);
1762 		pungetc();
1763 	}
1764 	goto parsesub_return;
1765 }
1766 
1767 
1768 /*
1769  * Parse an arithmetic expansion (indicate start of one and set state)
1770  */
1771 parsearith: {
1772 
1773 	if (level + 1 >= maxnest) {
1774 		maxnest *= 2;
1775 		if (state == state_static) {
1776 			state = parser_temp_alloc(
1777 			    maxnest * sizeof(*state));
1778 			memcpy(state, state_static,
1779 			    MAXNEST_static * sizeof(*state));
1780 		} else
1781 			state = parser_temp_realloc(state,
1782 			    maxnest * sizeof(*state));
1783 	}
1784 	level++;
1785 	state[level].syntax = ARISYNTAX;
1786 	state[level].parenlevel = 0;
1787 	state[level].category = TSTATE_ARITH;
1788 	USTPUTC(CTLARI, out);
1789 	if (state[level - 1].syntax == DQSYNTAX)
1790 		USTPUTC('"',out);
1791 	else
1792 		USTPUTC(' ',out);
1793 	goto parsearith_return;
1794 }
1795 
1796 } /* end of readtoken */
1797 
1798 
1799 /*
1800  * Returns true if the text contains nothing to expand (no dollar signs
1801  * or backquotes).
1802  */
1803 
1804 static int
1805 noexpand(char *text)
1806 {
1807 	char *p;
1808 	char c;
1809 
1810 	p = text;
1811 	while ((c = *p++) != '\0') {
1812 		if ( c == CTLQUOTEMARK)
1813 			continue;
1814 		if (c == CTLESC)
1815 			p++;
1816 		else if (BASESYNTAX[(int)c] == CCTL)
1817 			return 0;
1818 	}
1819 	return 1;
1820 }
1821 
1822 
1823 /*
1824  * Return true if the argument is a legal variable name (a letter or
1825  * underscore followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and digits).
1826  */
1827 
1828 int
1829 goodname(const char *name)
1830 {
1831 	const char *p;
1832 
1833 	p = name;
1834 	if (! is_name(*p))
1835 		return 0;
1836 	while (*++p) {
1837 		if (! is_in_name(*p))
1838 			return 0;
1839 	}
1840 	return 1;
1841 }
1842 
1843 
1844 int
1845 isassignment(const char *p)
1846 {
1847 	if (!is_name(*p))
1848 		return 0;
1849 	p++;
1850 	for (;;) {
1851 		if (*p == '=')
1852 			return 1;
1853 		else if (!is_in_name(*p))
1854 			return 0;
1855 		p++;
1856 	}
1857 }
1858 
1859 
1860 static void
1861 consumetoken(int token)
1862 {
1863 	if (readtoken() != token)
1864 		synexpect(token);
1865 }
1866 
1867 
1868 /*
1869  * Called when an unexpected token is read during the parse.  The argument
1870  * is the token that is expected, or -1 if more than one type of token can
1871  * occur at this point.
1872  */
1873 
1874 static void
1875 synexpect(int token)
1876 {
1877 	char msg[64];
1878 
1879 	if (token >= 0) {
1880 		fmtstr(msg, 64, "%s unexpected (expecting %s)",
1881 			tokname[lasttoken], tokname[token]);
1882 	} else {
1883 		fmtstr(msg, 64, "%s unexpected", tokname[lasttoken]);
1884 	}
1885 	synerror(msg);
1886 }
1887 
1888 
1889 static void
1890 synerror(const char *msg)
1891 {
1892 	if (commandname)
1893 		outfmt(out2, "%s: %d: ", commandname, startlinno);
1894 	outfmt(out2, "Syntax error: %s\n", msg);
1895 	error((char *)NULL);
1896 }
1897 
1898 static void
1899 setprompt(int which)
1900 {
1901 	whichprompt = which;
1902 
1903 #ifndef NO_HISTORY
1904 	if (!el)
1905 #endif
1906 	{
1907 		out2str(getprompt(NULL));
1908 		flushout(out2);
1909 	}
1910 }
1911 
1912 /*
1913  * called by editline -- any expansions to the prompt
1914  *    should be added here.
1915  */
1916 char *
1917 getprompt(void *unused __unused)
1918 {
1919 	static char ps[PROMPTLEN];
1920 	const char *fmt;
1921 	const char *pwd;
1922 	int i, trim;
1923 	static char internal_error[] = "??";
1924 
1925 	/*
1926 	 * Select prompt format.
1927 	 */
1928 	switch (whichprompt) {
1929 	case 0:
1930 		fmt = nullstr;
1931 		break;
1932 	case 1:
1933 		fmt = ps1val();
1934 		break;
1935 	case 2:
1936 		fmt = ps2val();
1937 		break;
1938 	default:
1939 		return internal_error;
1940 	}
1941 
1942 	/*
1943 	 * Format prompt string.
1944 	 */
1945 	for (i = 0; (i < 127) && (*fmt != '\0'); i++, fmt++)
1946 		if (*fmt == '\\')
1947 			switch (*++fmt) {
1948 
1949 				/*
1950 				 * Hostname.
1951 				 *
1952 				 * \h specifies just the local hostname,
1953 				 * \H specifies fully-qualified hostname.
1954 				 */
1955 			case 'h':
1956 			case 'H':
1957 				ps[i] = '\0';
1958 				gethostname(&ps[i], PROMPTLEN - i);
1959 				/* Skip to end of hostname. */
1960 				trim = (*fmt == 'h') ? '.' : '\0';
1961 				while ((ps[i+1] != '\0') && (ps[i+1] != trim))
1962 					i++;
1963 				break;
1964 
1965 				/*
1966 				 * Working directory.
1967 				 *
1968 				 * \W specifies just the final component,
1969 				 * \w specifies the entire path.
1970 				 */
1971 			case 'W':
1972 			case 'w':
1973 				pwd = lookupvar("PWD");
1974 				if (pwd == NULL)
1975 					pwd = "?";
1976 				if (*fmt == 'W' &&
1977 				    *pwd == '/' && pwd[1] != '\0')
1978 					strlcpy(&ps[i], strrchr(pwd, '/') + 1,
1979 					    PROMPTLEN - i);
1980 				else
1981 					strlcpy(&ps[i], pwd, PROMPTLEN - i);
1982 				/* Skip to end of path. */
1983 				while (ps[i + 1] != '\0')
1984 					i++;
1985 				break;
1986 
1987 				/*
1988 				 * Superuser status.
1989 				 *
1990 				 * '$' for normal users, '#' for root.
1991 				 */
1992 			case '$':
1993 				ps[i] = (geteuid() != 0) ? '$' : '#';
1994 				break;
1995 
1996 				/*
1997 				 * A literal \.
1998 				 */
1999 			case '\\':
2000 				ps[i] = '\\';
2001 				break;
2002 
2003 				/*
2004 				 * Emit unrecognized formats verbatim.
2005 				 */
2006 			default:
2007 				ps[i++] = '\\';
2008 				ps[i] = *fmt;
2009 				break;
2010 			}
2011 		else
2012 			ps[i] = *fmt;
2013 	ps[i] = '\0';
2014 	return (ps);
2015 }
2016 
2017 
2018 const char *
2019 expandstr(const char *ps)
2020 {
2021 	union node n;
2022 	struct jmploc jmploc;
2023 	struct jmploc *const savehandler = handler;
2024 	const int saveprompt = doprompt;
2025 	struct parsefile *const savetopfile = getcurrentfile();
2026 	struct parser_temp *const saveparser_temp = parser_temp;
2027 	const char *result = NULL;
2028 
2029 	if (!setjmp(jmploc.loc)) {
2030 		handler = &jmploc;
2031 		parser_temp = NULL;
2032 		setinputstring(ps, 1);
2033 		doprompt = 0;
2034 		readtoken1(pgetc(), DQSYNTAX, "", 0);
2035 		if (backquotelist != NULL)
2036 			error("Command substitution not allowed here");
2037 
2038 		n.narg.type = NARG;
2039 		n.narg.next = NULL;
2040 		n.narg.text = wordtext;
2041 		n.narg.backquote = backquotelist;
2042 
2043 		expandarg(&n, NULL, 0);
2044 		result = stackblock();
2045 		INTOFF;
2046 	}
2047 	handler = savehandler;
2048 	doprompt = saveprompt;
2049 	popfilesupto(savetopfile);
2050 	if (parser_temp != saveparser_temp) {
2051 		parser_temp_free_all();
2052 		parser_temp = saveparser_temp;
2053 	}
2054 	if (result != NULL) {
2055 		INTON;
2056 	} else if (exception == EXINT)
2057 		raise(SIGINT);
2058 	return result;
2059 }
2060