xref: /freebsd/bin/sh/jobs.c (revision 6bc7175f315bd4e2c334d60ee3364cbff63574f1)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Kenneth Almquist.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18  *    without specific prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30  * SUCH DAMAGE.
31  */
32 
33 #ifndef lint
34 #if 0
35 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)jobs.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 5/4/95";
36 #endif
37 #endif /* not lint */
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
40 
41 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
42 #include <sys/param.h>
43 #include <sys/resource.h>
44 #include <sys/time.h>
45 #include <sys/wait.h>
46 #include <errno.h>
47 #include <fcntl.h>
48 #include <paths.h>
49 #include <signal.h>
50 #include <stddef.h>
51 #include <stdlib.h>
52 #include <unistd.h>
53 
54 #include "shell.h"
55 #if JOBS
56 #include <termios.h>
57 #undef CEOF			/* syntax.h redefines this */
58 #endif
59 #include "redir.h"
60 #include "exec.h"
61 #include "show.h"
62 #include "main.h"
63 #include "parser.h"
64 #include "nodes.h"
65 #include "jobs.h"
66 #include "options.h"
67 #include "trap.h"
68 #include "syntax.h"
69 #include "input.h"
70 #include "output.h"
71 #include "memalloc.h"
72 #include "error.h"
73 #include "mystring.h"
74 #include "var.h"
75 #include "builtins.h"
76 #include "eval.h"
77 
78 
79 /*
80  * A job structure contains information about a job.  A job is either a
81  * single process or a set of processes contained in a pipeline.  In the
82  * latter case, pidlist will be non-NULL, and will point to a -1 terminated
83  * array of pids.
84  */
85 
86 struct procstat {
87 	pid_t pid;		/* process id */
88 	int status;		/* status flags (defined above) */
89 	char *cmd;		/* text of command being run */
90 };
91 
92 
93 /* states */
94 #define JOBSTOPPED 1		/* all procs are stopped */
95 #define JOBDONE 2		/* all procs are completed */
96 
97 
98 struct job {
99 	struct procstat ps0;	/* status of process */
100 	struct procstat *ps;	/* status or processes when more than one */
101 	short nprocs;		/* number of processes */
102 	pid_t pgrp;		/* process group of this job */
103 	char state;		/* true if job is finished */
104 	char used;		/* true if this entry is in used */
105 	char changed;		/* true if status has changed */
106 	char foreground;	/* true if running in the foreground */
107 	char remembered;	/* true if $! referenced */
108 	char pipefail;		/* pass any non-zero status */
109 #if JOBS
110 	char jobctl;		/* job running under job control */
111 	struct job *next;	/* job used after this one */
112 #endif
113 };
114 
115 
116 static struct job *jobtab;	/* array of jobs */
117 static int njobs;		/* size of array */
118 static pid_t backgndpid = -1;	/* pid of last background process */
119 static struct job *bgjob = NULL; /* last background process */
120 #if JOBS
121 static struct job *jobmru;	/* most recently used job list */
122 static pid_t initialpgrp;	/* pgrp of shell on invocation */
123 #endif
124 static int ttyfd = -1;
125 
126 /* mode flags for dowait */
127 #define DOWAIT_BLOCK	0x1 /* wait until a child exits */
128 #define DOWAIT_SIG	0x2 /* if DOWAIT_BLOCK, abort on signal */
129 #define DOWAIT_SIG_TRAP	0x4 /* if DOWAIT_SIG, abort on trapped signal only */
130 
131 #if JOBS
132 static void restartjob(struct job *);
133 #endif
134 static void freejob(struct job *);
135 static int waitcmdloop(struct job *);
136 static struct job *getjob_nonotfound(const char *);
137 static struct job *getjob(const char *);
138 pid_t killjob(const char *, int);
139 static pid_t dowait(int, struct job *);
140 static void checkzombies(void);
141 static void cmdtxt(union node *);
142 static void cmdputs(const char *);
143 #if JOBS
144 static void setcurjob(struct job *);
145 static void deljob(struct job *);
146 static struct job *getcurjob(struct job *);
147 #endif
148 static int getjobstatus(const struct job *);
149 static void printjobcmd(struct job *);
150 static void showjob(struct job *, int);
151 
152 
153 /*
154  * Turn job control on and off.
155  */
156 
157 static int jobctl;
158 
159 #if JOBS
160 static void
161 jobctl_notty(void)
162 {
163 	if (ttyfd >= 0) {
164 		close(ttyfd);
165 		ttyfd = -1;
166 	}
167 	if (!iflag) {
168 		setsignal(SIGTSTP);
169 		setsignal(SIGTTOU);
170 		setsignal(SIGTTIN);
171 		jobctl = 1;
172 		return;
173 	}
174 	out2fmt_flush("sh: can't access tty; job control turned off\n");
175 	mflag = 0;
176 }
177 
178 void
179 setjobctl(int on)
180 {
181 	int i;
182 
183 	if (on == jobctl || rootshell == 0)
184 		return;
185 	if (on) {
186 		if (ttyfd != -1)
187 			close(ttyfd);
188 		if ((ttyfd = open(_PATH_TTY, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
189 			i = 0;
190 			while (i <= 2 && !isatty(i))
191 				i++;
192 			if (i > 2 ||
193 			    (ttyfd = fcntl(i, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 10)) < 0) {
194 				jobctl_notty();
195 				return;
196 			}
197 		}
198 		if (ttyfd < 10) {
199 			/*
200 			 * Keep our TTY file descriptor out of the way of
201 			 * the user's redirections.
202 			 */
203 			if ((i = fcntl(ttyfd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 10)) < 0) {
204 				jobctl_notty();
205 				return;
206 			}
207 			close(ttyfd);
208 			ttyfd = i;
209 		}
210 		do { /* while we are in the background */
211 			initialpgrp = tcgetpgrp(ttyfd);
212 			if (initialpgrp < 0) {
213 				jobctl_notty();
214 				return;
215 			}
216 			if (initialpgrp != getpgrp()) {
217 				if (!iflag) {
218 					initialpgrp = -1;
219 					jobctl_notty();
220 					return;
221 				}
222 				kill(0, SIGTTIN);
223 				continue;
224 			}
225 		} while (0);
226 		setsignal(SIGTSTP);
227 		setsignal(SIGTTOU);
228 		setsignal(SIGTTIN);
229 		setpgid(0, rootpid);
230 		tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, rootpid);
231 	} else { /* turning job control off */
232 		setpgid(0, initialpgrp);
233 		if (ttyfd >= 0) {
234 			tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, initialpgrp);
235 			close(ttyfd);
236 			ttyfd = -1;
237 		}
238 		setsignal(SIGTSTP);
239 		setsignal(SIGTTOU);
240 		setsignal(SIGTTIN);
241 	}
242 	jobctl = on;
243 }
244 #endif
245 
246 
247 #if JOBS
248 int
249 fgcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
250 {
251 	struct job *jp;
252 	pid_t pgrp;
253 	int status;
254 
255 	nextopt("");
256 	jp = getjob(*argptr);
257 	if (jp->jobctl == 0)
258 		error("job not created under job control");
259 	printjobcmd(jp);
260 	flushout(&output);
261 	pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
262 	if (ttyfd >= 0)
263 		tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, pgrp);
264 	restartjob(jp);
265 	jp->foreground = 1;
266 	INTOFF;
267 	status = waitforjob(jp, (int *)NULL);
268 	INTON;
269 	return status;
270 }
271 
272 
273 int
274 bgcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
275 {
276 	struct job *jp;
277 
278 	nextopt("");
279 	do {
280 		jp = getjob(*argptr);
281 		if (jp->jobctl == 0)
282 			error("job not created under job control");
283 		if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
284 			continue;
285 		restartjob(jp);
286 		jp->foreground = 0;
287 		out1fmt("[%td] ", jp - jobtab + 1);
288 		printjobcmd(jp);
289 	} while (*argptr != NULL && *++argptr != NULL);
290 	return 0;
291 }
292 
293 
294 static void
295 restartjob(struct job *jp)
296 {
297 	struct procstat *ps;
298 	int i;
299 
300 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
301 		return;
302 	setcurjob(jp);
303 	INTOFF;
304 	kill(-jp->ps[0].pid, SIGCONT);
305 	for (ps = jp->ps, i = jp->nprocs ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
306 		if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status)) {
307 			ps->status = -1;
308 			jp->state = 0;
309 		}
310 	}
311 	INTON;
312 }
313 #endif
314 
315 
316 int
317 jobscmd(int argc __unused, char *argv[] __unused)
318 {
319 	char *id;
320 	int ch, mode;
321 
322 	mode = SHOWJOBS_DEFAULT;
323 	while ((ch = nextopt("lps")) != '\0') {
324 		switch (ch) {
325 		case 'l':
326 			mode = SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE;
327 			break;
328 		case 'p':
329 			mode = SHOWJOBS_PGIDS;
330 			break;
331 		case 's':
332 			mode = SHOWJOBS_PIDS;
333 			break;
334 		}
335 	}
336 
337 	if (*argptr == NULL)
338 		showjobs(0, mode);
339 	else
340 		while ((id = *argptr++) != NULL)
341 			showjob(getjob(id), mode);
342 
343 	return (0);
344 }
345 
346 static int getjobstatus(const struct job *jp)
347 {
348 	int i, status;
349 
350 	if (!jp->pipefail)
351 		return (jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].status);
352 	for (i = jp->nprocs - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
353 		status = jp->ps[i].status;
354 		if (status != 0)
355 			return (status);
356 	}
357 	return (0);
358 }
359 
360 static void
361 printjobcmd(struct job *jp)
362 {
363 	struct procstat *ps;
364 	int i;
365 
366 	for (ps = jp->ps, i = jp->nprocs ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
367 		out1str(ps->cmd);
368 		if (i > 0)
369 			out1str(" | ");
370 	}
371 	out1c('\n');
372 }
373 
374 static void
375 showjob(struct job *jp, int mode)
376 {
377 	char s[64];
378 	char statebuf[16];
379 	const char *statestr, *coredump;
380 	struct procstat *ps;
381 	struct job *j;
382 	int col, curr, i, jobno, prev, procno, status;
383 	char c;
384 
385 	procno = (mode == SHOWJOBS_PGIDS) ? 1 : jp->nprocs;
386 	jobno = jp - jobtab + 1;
387 	curr = prev = 0;
388 #if JOBS
389 	if ((j = getcurjob(NULL)) != NULL) {
390 		curr = j - jobtab + 1;
391 		if ((j = getcurjob(j)) != NULL)
392 			prev = j - jobtab + 1;
393 	}
394 #endif
395 	coredump = "";
396 	status = getjobstatus(jp);
397 	if (jp->state == 0) {
398 		statestr = "Running";
399 #if JOBS
400 	} else if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED) {
401 		ps = jp->ps + jp->nprocs - 1;
402 		while (!WIFSTOPPED(ps->status) && ps > jp->ps)
403 			ps--;
404 		if (WIFSTOPPED(ps->status))
405 			i = WSTOPSIG(ps->status);
406 		else
407 			i = -1;
408 		statestr = strsignal(i);
409 		if (statestr == NULL)
410 			statestr = "Suspended";
411 #endif
412 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
413 		if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0)
414 			statestr = "Done";
415 		else {
416 			fmtstr(statebuf, sizeof(statebuf), "Done(%d)",
417 			    WEXITSTATUS(status));
418 			statestr = statebuf;
419 		}
420 	} else {
421 		i = WTERMSIG(status);
422 		statestr = strsignal(i);
423 		if (statestr == NULL)
424 			statestr = "Unknown signal";
425 		if (WCOREDUMP(status))
426 			coredump = " (core dumped)";
427 	}
428 
429 	for (ps = jp->ps ; procno > 0 ; ps++, procno--) { /* for each process */
430 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_PIDS || mode == SHOWJOBS_PGIDS) {
431 			out1fmt("%d\n", (int)ps->pid);
432 			continue;
433 		}
434 		if (mode != SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE && ps != jp->ps)
435 			continue;
436 		if (jobno == curr && ps == jp->ps)
437 			c = '+';
438 		else if (jobno == prev && ps == jp->ps)
439 			c = '-';
440 		else
441 			c = ' ';
442 		if (ps == jp->ps)
443 			fmtstr(s, 64, "[%d] %c ", jobno, c);
444 		else
445 			fmtstr(s, 64, "    %c ", c);
446 		out1str(s);
447 		col = strlen(s);
448 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE) {
449 			fmtstr(s, 64, "%d ", (int)ps->pid);
450 			out1str(s);
451 			col += strlen(s);
452 		}
453 		if (ps == jp->ps) {
454 			out1str(statestr);
455 			out1str(coredump);
456 			col += strlen(statestr) + strlen(coredump);
457 		}
458 		do {
459 			out1c(' ');
460 			col++;
461 		} while (col < 30);
462 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE) {
463 			out1str(ps->cmd);
464 			out1c('\n');
465 		} else
466 			printjobcmd(jp);
467 	}
468 }
469 
470 /*
471  * Print a list of jobs.  If "change" is nonzero, only print jobs whose
472  * statuses have changed since the last call to showjobs.
473  *
474  * If the shell is interrupted in the process of creating a job, the
475  * result may be a job structure containing zero processes.  Such structures
476  * will be freed here.
477  */
478 
479 void
480 showjobs(int change, int mode)
481 {
482 	int jobno;
483 	struct job *jp;
484 
485 	TRACE(("showjobs(%d) called\n", change));
486 	checkzombies();
487 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab ; jobno <= njobs ; jobno++, jp++) {
488 		if (! jp->used)
489 			continue;
490 		if (jp->nprocs == 0) {
491 			freejob(jp);
492 			continue;
493 		}
494 		if (change && ! jp->changed)
495 			continue;
496 		showjob(jp, mode);
497 		if (mode == SHOWJOBS_DEFAULT || mode == SHOWJOBS_VERBOSE) {
498 			jp->changed = 0;
499 			/* Hack: discard jobs for which $! has not been
500 			 * referenced in interactive mode when they terminate.
501 			 */
502 			if (jp->state == JOBDONE && !jp->remembered &&
503 					(iflag || jp != bgjob)) {
504 				freejob(jp);
505 			}
506 		}
507 	}
508 }
509 
510 
511 /*
512  * Mark a job structure as unused.
513  */
514 
515 static void
516 freejob(struct job *jp)
517 {
518 	struct procstat *ps;
519 	int i;
520 
521 	INTOFF;
522 	if (bgjob == jp)
523 		bgjob = NULL;
524 	for (i = jp->nprocs, ps = jp->ps ; --i >= 0 ; ps++) {
525 		if (ps->cmd != nullstr)
526 			ckfree(ps->cmd);
527 	}
528 	if (jp->ps != &jp->ps0)
529 		ckfree(jp->ps);
530 	jp->used = 0;
531 #if JOBS
532 	deljob(jp);
533 #endif
534 	INTON;
535 }
536 
537 
538 
539 int
540 waitcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
541 {
542 	struct job *job;
543 	int retval;
544 
545 	nextopt("");
546 	if (*argptr == NULL)
547 		return (waitcmdloop(NULL));
548 
549 	do {
550 		job = getjob_nonotfound(*argptr);
551 		if (job == NULL)
552 			retval = 127;
553 		else
554 			retval = waitcmdloop(job);
555 		argptr++;
556 	} while (*argptr != NULL);
557 
558 	return (retval);
559 }
560 
561 static int
562 waitcmdloop(struct job *job)
563 {
564 	int status, retval, sig;
565 	struct job *jp;
566 
567 	/*
568 	 * Loop until a process is terminated or stopped, or a SIGINT is
569 	 * received.
570 	 */
571 
572 	do {
573 		if (job != NULL) {
574 			if (job->state == JOBDONE) {
575 				status = getjobstatus(job);
576 				if (WIFEXITED(status))
577 					retval = WEXITSTATUS(status);
578 				else
579 					retval = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
580 				if (! iflag || ! job->changed)
581 					freejob(job);
582 				else {
583 					job->remembered = 0;
584 					if (job == bgjob)
585 						bgjob = NULL;
586 				}
587 				return retval;
588 			}
589 		} else {
590 			for (jp = jobtab ; jp < jobtab + njobs; jp++)
591 				if (jp->used && jp->state == JOBDONE) {
592 					if (! iflag || ! jp->changed)
593 						freejob(jp);
594 					else {
595 						jp->remembered = 0;
596 						if (jp == bgjob)
597 							bgjob = NULL;
598 					}
599 				}
600 			for (jp = jobtab ; ; jp++) {
601 				if (jp >= jobtab + njobs) {	/* no running procs */
602 					return 0;
603 				}
604 				if (jp->used && jp->state == 0)
605 					break;
606 			}
607 		}
608 	} while (dowait(DOWAIT_BLOCK | DOWAIT_SIG, (struct job *)NULL) != -1);
609 
610 	sig = pendingsig_waitcmd;
611 	pendingsig_waitcmd = 0;
612 	return sig + 128;
613 }
614 
615 
616 
617 int
618 jobidcmd(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
619 {
620 	struct job *jp;
621 	int i;
622 
623 	nextopt("");
624 	jp = getjob(*argptr);
625 	for (i = 0 ; i < jp->nprocs ; ) {
626 		out1fmt("%d", (int)jp->ps[i].pid);
627 		out1c(++i < jp->nprocs? ' ' : '\n');
628 	}
629 	return 0;
630 }
631 
632 
633 
634 /*
635  * Convert a job name to a job structure.
636  */
637 
638 static struct job *
639 getjob_nonotfound(const char *name)
640 {
641 	int jobno;
642 	struct job *found, *jp;
643 	size_t namelen;
644 	pid_t pid;
645 	int i;
646 
647 	if (name == NULL) {
648 #if JOBS
649 		name = "%+";
650 #else
651 		error("No current job");
652 #endif
653 	}
654 	if (name[0] == '%') {
655 		if (is_digit(name[1])) {
656 			jobno = number(name + 1);
657 			if (jobno > 0 && jobno <= njobs
658 			 && jobtab[jobno - 1].used != 0)
659 				return &jobtab[jobno - 1];
660 #if JOBS
661 		} else if ((name[1] == '%' || name[1] == '+') &&
662 		    name[2] == '\0') {
663 			if ((jp = getcurjob(NULL)) == NULL)
664 				error("No current job");
665 			return (jp);
666 		} else if (name[1] == '-' && name[2] == '\0') {
667 			if ((jp = getcurjob(NULL)) == NULL ||
668 			    (jp = getcurjob(jp)) == NULL)
669 				error("No previous job");
670 			return (jp);
671 #endif
672 		} else if (name[1] == '?') {
673 			found = NULL;
674 			for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
675 				if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
676 				 && strstr(jp->ps[0].cmd, name + 2) != NULL) {
677 					if (found)
678 						error("%s: ambiguous", name);
679 					found = jp;
680 				}
681 			}
682 			if (found != NULL)
683 				return (found);
684 		} else {
685 			namelen = strlen(name);
686 			found = NULL;
687 			for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
688 				if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
689 				 && strncmp(jp->ps[0].cmd, name + 1,
690 				 namelen - 1) == 0) {
691 					if (found)
692 						error("%s: ambiguous", name);
693 					found = jp;
694 				}
695 			}
696 			if (found)
697 				return found;
698 		}
699 	} else if (is_number(name)) {
700 		pid = (pid_t)number(name);
701 		for (jp = jobtab, i = njobs ; --i >= 0 ; jp++) {
702 			if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0
703 			 && jp->ps[jp->nprocs - 1].pid == pid)
704 				return jp;
705 		}
706 	}
707 	return NULL;
708 }
709 
710 
711 static struct job *
712 getjob(const char *name)
713 {
714 	struct job *jp;
715 
716 	jp = getjob_nonotfound(name);
717 	if (jp == NULL)
718 		error("No such job: %s", name);
719 	return (jp);
720 }
721 
722 
723 int
724 killjob(const char *name, int sig)
725 {
726 	struct job *jp;
727 	int i, ret;
728 
729 	jp = getjob(name);
730 	if (jp->state == JOBDONE)
731 		return 0;
732 	if (jp->jobctl)
733 		return kill(-jp->ps[0].pid, sig);
734 	ret = -1;
735 	errno = ESRCH;
736 	for (i = 0; i < jp->nprocs; i++)
737 		if (jp->ps[i].status == -1 || WIFSTOPPED(jp->ps[i].status)) {
738 			if (kill(jp->ps[i].pid, sig) == 0)
739 				ret = 0;
740 		} else
741 			ret = 0;
742 	return ret;
743 }
744 
745 /*
746  * Return a new job structure,
747  */
748 
749 struct job *
750 makejob(union node *node __unused, int nprocs)
751 {
752 	int i;
753 	struct job *jp;
754 
755 	for (i = njobs, jp = jobtab ; ; jp++) {
756 		if (--i < 0) {
757 			INTOFF;
758 			if (njobs == 0) {
759 				jobtab = ckmalloc(4 * sizeof jobtab[0]);
760 #if JOBS
761 				jobmru = NULL;
762 #endif
763 			} else {
764 				jp = ckmalloc((njobs + 4) * sizeof jobtab[0]);
765 				memcpy(jp, jobtab, njobs * sizeof jp[0]);
766 #if JOBS
767 				/* Relocate `next' pointers and list head */
768 				if (jobmru != NULL)
769 					jobmru = &jp[jobmru - jobtab];
770 				for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++)
771 					if (jp[i].next != NULL)
772 						jp[i].next = &jp[jp[i].next -
773 						    jobtab];
774 #endif
775 				if (bgjob != NULL)
776 					bgjob = &jp[bgjob - jobtab];
777 				/* Relocate `ps' pointers */
778 				for (i = 0; i < njobs; i++)
779 					if (jp[i].ps == &jobtab[i].ps0)
780 						jp[i].ps = &jp[i].ps0;
781 				ckfree(jobtab);
782 				jobtab = jp;
783 			}
784 			jp = jobtab + njobs;
785 			for (i = 4 ; --i >= 0 ; jobtab[njobs++].used = 0)
786 				;
787 			INTON;
788 			break;
789 		}
790 		if (jp->used == 0)
791 			break;
792 	}
793 	INTOFF;
794 	jp->state = 0;
795 	jp->used = 1;
796 	jp->changed = 0;
797 	jp->nprocs = 0;
798 	jp->foreground = 0;
799 	jp->remembered = 0;
800 	jp->pipefail = pipefailflag;
801 #if JOBS
802 	jp->jobctl = jobctl;
803 	jp->next = NULL;
804 #endif
805 	if (nprocs > 1) {
806 		jp->ps = ckmalloc(nprocs * sizeof (struct procstat));
807 	} else {
808 		jp->ps = &jp->ps0;
809 	}
810 	INTON;
811 	TRACE(("makejob(%p, %d) returns %%%td\n", (void *)node, nprocs,
812 	    jp - jobtab + 1));
813 	return jp;
814 }
815 
816 #if JOBS
817 static void
818 setcurjob(struct job *cj)
819 {
820 	struct job *jp, *prev;
821 
822 	for (prev = NULL, jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; prev = jp, jp = jp->next) {
823 		if (jp == cj) {
824 			if (prev != NULL)
825 				prev->next = jp->next;
826 			else
827 				jobmru = jp->next;
828 			jp->next = jobmru;
829 			jobmru = cj;
830 			return;
831 		}
832 	}
833 	cj->next = jobmru;
834 	jobmru = cj;
835 }
836 
837 static void
838 deljob(struct job *j)
839 {
840 	struct job *jp, *prev;
841 
842 	for (prev = NULL, jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; prev = jp, jp = jp->next) {
843 		if (jp == j) {
844 			if (prev != NULL)
845 				prev->next = jp->next;
846 			else
847 				jobmru = jp->next;
848 			return;
849 		}
850 	}
851 }
852 
853 /*
854  * Return the most recently used job that isn't `nj', and preferably one
855  * that is stopped.
856  */
857 static struct job *
858 getcurjob(struct job *nj)
859 {
860 	struct job *jp;
861 
862 	/* Try to find a stopped one.. */
863 	for (jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; jp = jp->next)
864 		if (jp->used && jp != nj && jp->state == JOBSTOPPED)
865 			return (jp);
866 	/* Otherwise the most recently used job that isn't `nj' */
867 	for (jp = jobmru; jp != NULL; jp = jp->next)
868 		if (jp->used && jp != nj)
869 			return (jp);
870 
871 	return (NULL);
872 }
873 
874 #endif
875 
876 /*
877  * Fork of a subshell.  If we are doing job control, give the subshell its
878  * own process group.  Jp is a job structure that the job is to be added to.
879  * N is the command that will be evaluated by the child.  Both jp and n may
880  * be NULL.  The mode parameter can be one of the following:
881  *	FORK_FG - Fork off a foreground process.
882  *	FORK_BG - Fork off a background process.
883  *	FORK_NOJOB - Like FORK_FG, but don't give the process its own
884  *		     process group even if job control is on.
885  *
886  * When job control is turned off, background processes have their standard
887  * input redirected to /dev/null (except for the second and later processes
888  * in a pipeline).
889  */
890 
891 pid_t
892 forkshell(struct job *jp, union node *n, int mode)
893 {
894 	pid_t pid;
895 	pid_t pgrp;
896 
897 	TRACE(("forkshell(%%%td, %p, %d) called\n", jp - jobtab, (void *)n,
898 	    mode));
899 	INTOFF;
900 	if (mode == FORK_BG && (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0))
901 		checkzombies();
902 	flushall();
903 	pid = fork();
904 	if (pid == -1) {
905 		TRACE(("Fork failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
906 		INTON;
907 		error("Cannot fork: %s", strerror(errno));
908 	}
909 	if (pid == 0) {
910 		struct job *p;
911 		int wasroot;
912 		int i;
913 
914 		TRACE(("Child shell %d\n", (int)getpid()));
915 		wasroot = rootshell;
916 		rootshell = 0;
917 		handler = &main_handler;
918 		closescript();
919 		INTON;
920 		forcelocal = 0;
921 		clear_traps();
922 #if JOBS
923 		jobctl = 0;		/* do job control only in root shell */
924 		if (wasroot && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
925 			if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
926 				pgrp = getpid();
927 			else
928 				pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
929 			if (setpgid(0, pgrp) == 0 && mode == FORK_FG &&
930 			    ttyfd >= 0) {
931 				/*** this causes superfluous TIOCSPGRPS ***/
932 				if (tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, pgrp) < 0)
933 					error("tcsetpgrp failed, errno=%d", errno);
934 			}
935 			setsignal(SIGTSTP);
936 			setsignal(SIGTTOU);
937 		} else if (mode == FORK_BG) {
938 			ignoresig(SIGINT);
939 			ignoresig(SIGQUIT);
940 			if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
941 			    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
942 				close(0);
943 				if (open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY) != 0)
944 					error("cannot open %s: %s",
945 					    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
946 			}
947 		}
948 #else
949 		if (mode == FORK_BG) {
950 			ignoresig(SIGINT);
951 			ignoresig(SIGQUIT);
952 			if ((jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0) &&
953 			    ! fd0_redirected_p ()) {
954 				close(0);
955 				if (open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDONLY) != 0)
956 					error("cannot open %s: %s",
957 					    _PATH_DEVNULL, strerror(errno));
958 			}
959 		}
960 #endif
961 		INTOFF;
962 		for (i = njobs, p = jobtab ; --i >= 0 ; p++)
963 			if (p->used)
964 				freejob(p);
965 		INTON;
966 		if (wasroot && iflag) {
967 			setsignal(SIGINT);
968 			setsignal(SIGQUIT);
969 			setsignal(SIGTERM);
970 		}
971 		return pid;
972 	}
973 	if (rootshell && mode != FORK_NOJOB && mflag) {
974 		if (jp == NULL || jp->nprocs == 0)
975 			pgrp = pid;
976 		else
977 			pgrp = jp->ps[0].pid;
978 		setpgid(pid, pgrp);
979 	}
980 	if (mode == FORK_BG) {
981 		if (bgjob != NULL && bgjob->state == JOBDONE &&
982 		    !bgjob->remembered && !iflag)
983 			freejob(bgjob);
984 		backgndpid = pid;		/* set $! */
985 		bgjob = jp;
986 	}
987 	if (jp) {
988 		struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
989 		ps->pid = pid;
990 		ps->status = -1;
991 		ps->cmd = nullstr;
992 		if (iflag && rootshell && n)
993 			ps->cmd = commandtext(n);
994 		jp->foreground = mode == FORK_FG;
995 #if JOBS
996 		setcurjob(jp);
997 #endif
998 	}
999 	INTON;
1000 	TRACE(("In parent shell:  child = %d\n", (int)pid));
1001 	return pid;
1002 }
1003 
1004 
1005 pid_t
1006 vforkexecshell(struct job *jp, char **argv, char **envp, const char *path, int idx, int pip[2])
1007 {
1008 	pid_t pid;
1009 	struct jmploc jmploc;
1010 	struct jmploc *savehandler;
1011 	int inton;
1012 
1013 	TRACE(("vforkexecshell(%%%td, %s, %p) called\n", jp - jobtab, argv[0],
1014 	    (void *)pip));
1015 	inton = is_int_on();
1016 	INTOFF;
1017 	flushall();
1018 	savehandler = handler;
1019 	pid = vfork();
1020 	if (pid == -1) {
1021 		TRACE(("Vfork failed, errno=%d\n", errno));
1022 		INTON;
1023 		error("Cannot fork: %s", strerror(errno));
1024 	}
1025 	if (pid == 0) {
1026 		TRACE(("Child shell %d\n", (int)getpid()));
1027 		if (setjmp(jmploc.loc))
1028 			_exit(exitstatus);
1029 		if (pip != NULL) {
1030 			close(pip[0]);
1031 			if (pip[1] != 1) {
1032 				dup2(pip[1], 1);
1033 				close(pip[1]);
1034 			}
1035 		}
1036 		handler = &jmploc;
1037 		shellexec(argv, envp, path, idx);
1038 	}
1039 	handler = savehandler;
1040 	if (jp) {
1041 		struct procstat *ps = &jp->ps[jp->nprocs++];
1042 		ps->pid = pid;
1043 		ps->status = -1;
1044 		ps->cmd = nullstr;
1045 		jp->foreground = 1;
1046 #if JOBS
1047 		setcurjob(jp);
1048 #endif
1049 	}
1050 	SETINTON(inton);
1051 	TRACE(("In parent shell:  child = %d\n", (int)pid));
1052 	return pid;
1053 }
1054 
1055 
1056 /*
1057  * Wait for job to finish.
1058  *
1059  * Under job control we have the problem that while a child process is
1060  * running interrupts generated by the user are sent to the child but not
1061  * to the shell.  This means that an infinite loop started by an inter-
1062  * active user may be hard to kill.  With job control turned off, an
1063  * interactive user may place an interactive program inside a loop.  If
1064  * the interactive program catches interrupts, the user doesn't want
1065  * these interrupts to also abort the loop.  The approach we take here
1066  * is to have the shell ignore interrupt signals while waiting for a
1067  * foreground process to terminate, and then send itself an interrupt
1068  * signal if the child process was terminated by an interrupt signal.
1069  * Unfortunately, some programs want to do a bit of cleanup and then
1070  * exit on interrupt; unless these processes terminate themselves by
1071  * sending a signal to themselves (instead of calling exit) they will
1072  * confuse this approach.
1073  */
1074 
1075 int
1076 waitforjob(struct job *jp, int *signaled)
1077 {
1078 #if JOBS
1079 	int propagate_int = jp->jobctl && jp->foreground;
1080 #endif
1081 	int status;
1082 	int st;
1083 
1084 	INTOFF;
1085 	TRACE(("waitforjob(%%%td) called\n", jp - jobtab + 1));
1086 	while (jp->state == 0)
1087 		if (dowait(DOWAIT_BLOCK | (Tflag ? DOWAIT_SIG |
1088 		    DOWAIT_SIG_TRAP : 0), jp) == -1)
1089 			dotrap();
1090 #if JOBS
1091 	if (jp->jobctl) {
1092 		if (ttyfd >= 0 && tcsetpgrp(ttyfd, rootpid) < 0)
1093 			error("tcsetpgrp failed, errno=%d\n", errno);
1094 	}
1095 	if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED)
1096 		setcurjob(jp);
1097 #endif
1098 	status = getjobstatus(jp);
1099 	if (signaled != NULL)
1100 		*signaled = WIFSIGNALED(status);
1101 	/* convert to 8 bits */
1102 	if (WIFEXITED(status))
1103 		st = WEXITSTATUS(status);
1104 #if JOBS
1105 	else if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
1106 		st = WSTOPSIG(status) + 128;
1107 #endif
1108 	else
1109 		st = WTERMSIG(status) + 128;
1110 	if (! JOBS || jp->state == JOBDONE)
1111 		freejob(jp);
1112 	if (int_pending()) {
1113 		if (!WIFSIGNALED(status) || WTERMSIG(status) != SIGINT)
1114 			CLEAR_PENDING_INT;
1115 	}
1116 #if JOBS
1117 	else if (rootshell && propagate_int &&
1118 			WIFSIGNALED(status) && WTERMSIG(status) == SIGINT)
1119 		kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
1120 #endif
1121 	INTON;
1122 	return st;
1123 }
1124 
1125 
1126 static void
1127 dummy_handler(int sig __unused)
1128 {
1129 }
1130 
1131 /*
1132  * Wait for a process to terminate.
1133  */
1134 
1135 static pid_t
1136 dowait(int mode, struct job *job)
1137 {
1138 	struct sigaction sa, osa;
1139 	sigset_t mask, omask;
1140 	pid_t pid;
1141 	int status;
1142 	struct procstat *sp;
1143 	struct job *jp;
1144 	struct job *thisjob;
1145 	const char *sigstr;
1146 	int done;
1147 	int stopped;
1148 	int sig;
1149 	int coredump;
1150 	int wflags;
1151 	int restore_sigchld;
1152 
1153 	TRACE(("dowait(%d, %p) called\n", mode, job));
1154 	restore_sigchld = 0;
1155 	if ((mode & DOWAIT_SIG) != 0) {
1156 		sigfillset(&mask);
1157 		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, &omask);
1158 		INTOFF;
1159 		if (!issigchldtrapped()) {
1160 			restore_sigchld = 1;
1161 			sa.sa_handler = dummy_handler;
1162 			sa.sa_flags = 0;
1163 			sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
1164 			sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, &osa);
1165 		}
1166 	}
1167 	do {
1168 #if JOBS
1169 		if (iflag)
1170 			wflags = WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED;
1171 		else
1172 #endif
1173 			wflags = 0;
1174 		if ((mode & (DOWAIT_BLOCK | DOWAIT_SIG)) != DOWAIT_BLOCK)
1175 			wflags |= WNOHANG;
1176 		pid = wait3(&status, wflags, (struct rusage *)NULL);
1177 		TRACE(("wait returns %d, status=%d\n", (int)pid, status));
1178 		if (pid == 0 && (mode & DOWAIT_SIG) != 0) {
1179 			pid = -1;
1180 			if (((mode & DOWAIT_SIG_TRAP) != 0 ?
1181 			    pendingsig : pendingsig_waitcmd) != 0) {
1182 				errno = EINTR;
1183 				break;
1184 			}
1185 			sigsuspend(&omask);
1186 			if (int_pending())
1187 				break;
1188 		}
1189 	} while (pid == -1 && errno == EINTR);
1190 	if (pid == -1 && errno == ECHILD && job != NULL)
1191 		job->state = JOBDONE;
1192 	if ((mode & DOWAIT_SIG) != 0) {
1193 		if (restore_sigchld)
1194 			sigaction(SIGCHLD, &osa, NULL);
1195 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
1196 		INTON;
1197 	}
1198 	if (pid <= 0)
1199 		return pid;
1200 	INTOFF;
1201 	thisjob = NULL;
1202 	for (jp = jobtab ; jp < jobtab + njobs ; jp++) {
1203 		if (jp->used && jp->nprocs > 0) {
1204 			done = 1;
1205 			stopped = 1;
1206 			for (sp = jp->ps ; sp < jp->ps + jp->nprocs ; sp++) {
1207 				if (sp->pid == -1)
1208 					continue;
1209 				if (sp->pid == pid && (sp->status == -1 ||
1210 				    WIFSTOPPED(sp->status))) {
1211 					TRACE(("Changing status of proc %d from 0x%x to 0x%x\n",
1212 						   (int)pid, sp->status,
1213 						   status));
1214 					if (WIFCONTINUED(status)) {
1215 						sp->status = -1;
1216 						jp->state = 0;
1217 					} else
1218 						sp->status = status;
1219 					thisjob = jp;
1220 				}
1221 				if (sp->status == -1)
1222 					stopped = 0;
1223 				else if (WIFSTOPPED(sp->status))
1224 					done = 0;
1225 			}
1226 			if (stopped) {		/* stopped or done */
1227 				int state = done? JOBDONE : JOBSTOPPED;
1228 				if (jp->state != state) {
1229 					TRACE(("Job %td: changing state from %d to %d\n", jp - jobtab + 1, jp->state, state));
1230 					jp->state = state;
1231 					if (jp != job) {
1232 						if (done && !jp->remembered &&
1233 						    !iflag && jp != bgjob)
1234 							freejob(jp);
1235 #if JOBS
1236 						else if (done)
1237 							deljob(jp);
1238 #endif
1239 					}
1240 				}
1241 			}
1242 		}
1243 	}
1244 	INTON;
1245 	if (!thisjob || thisjob->state == 0)
1246 		;
1247 	else if ((!rootshell || !iflag || thisjob == job) &&
1248 	    thisjob->foreground && thisjob->state != JOBSTOPPED) {
1249 		sig = 0;
1250 		coredump = 0;
1251 		for (sp = thisjob->ps; sp < thisjob->ps + thisjob->nprocs; sp++)
1252 			if (WIFSIGNALED(sp->status)) {
1253 				sig = WTERMSIG(sp->status);
1254 				coredump = WCOREDUMP(sp->status);
1255 			}
1256 		if (sig > 0 && sig != SIGINT && sig != SIGPIPE) {
1257 			sigstr = strsignal(sig);
1258 			if (sigstr != NULL)
1259 				out2str(sigstr);
1260 			else
1261 				out2str("Unknown signal");
1262 			if (coredump)
1263 				out2str(" (core dumped)");
1264 			out2c('\n');
1265 			flushout(out2);
1266 		}
1267 	} else {
1268 		TRACE(("Not printing status, rootshell=%d, job=%p\n", rootshell, job));
1269 		thisjob->changed = 1;
1270 	}
1271 	return pid;
1272 }
1273 
1274 
1275 
1276 /*
1277  * return 1 if there are stopped jobs, otherwise 0
1278  */
1279 int job_warning = 0;
1280 int
1281 stoppedjobs(void)
1282 {
1283 	int jobno;
1284 	struct job *jp;
1285 
1286 	if (job_warning)
1287 		return (0);
1288 	for (jobno = 1, jp = jobtab; jobno <= njobs; jobno++, jp++) {
1289 		if (jp->used == 0)
1290 			continue;
1291 		if (jp->state == JOBSTOPPED) {
1292 			out2fmt_flush("You have stopped jobs.\n");
1293 			job_warning = 2;
1294 			return (1);
1295 		}
1296 	}
1297 
1298 	return (0);
1299 }
1300 
1301 
1302 static void
1303 checkzombies(void)
1304 {
1305 	while (njobs > 0 && dowait(0, NULL) > 0)
1306 		;
1307 }
1308 
1309 
1310 int
1311 backgndpidset(void)
1312 {
1313 	return backgndpid != -1;
1314 }
1315 
1316 
1317 pid_t
1318 backgndpidval(void)
1319 {
1320 	if (bgjob != NULL && !forcelocal)
1321 		bgjob->remembered = 1;
1322 	return backgndpid;
1323 }
1324 
1325 /*
1326  * Return a string identifying a command (to be printed by the
1327  * jobs command.
1328  */
1329 
1330 static char *cmdnextc;
1331 static int cmdnleft;
1332 #define MAXCMDTEXT	200
1333 
1334 char *
1335 commandtext(union node *n)
1336 {
1337 	char *name;
1338 
1339 	cmdnextc = name = ckmalloc(MAXCMDTEXT);
1340 	cmdnleft = MAXCMDTEXT - 4;
1341 	cmdtxt(n);
1342 	*cmdnextc = '\0';
1343 	return name;
1344 }
1345 
1346 
1347 static void
1348 cmdtxtdogroup(union node *n)
1349 {
1350 	cmdputs("; do ");
1351 	cmdtxt(n);
1352 	cmdputs("; done");
1353 }
1354 
1355 
1356 static void
1357 cmdtxtredir(union node *n, const char *op, int deffd)
1358 {
1359 	char s[2];
1360 
1361 	if (n->nfile.fd != deffd) {
1362 		s[0] = n->nfile.fd + '0';
1363 		s[1] = '\0';
1364 		cmdputs(s);
1365 	}
1366 	cmdputs(op);
1367 	if (n->type == NTOFD || n->type == NFROMFD) {
1368 		if (n->ndup.dupfd >= 0)
1369 			s[0] = n->ndup.dupfd + '0';
1370 		else
1371 			s[0] = '-';
1372 		s[1] = '\0';
1373 		cmdputs(s);
1374 	} else {
1375 		cmdtxt(n->nfile.fname);
1376 	}
1377 }
1378 
1379 
1380 static void
1381 cmdtxt(union node *n)
1382 {
1383 	union node *np;
1384 	struct nodelist *lp;
1385 
1386 	if (n == NULL)
1387 		return;
1388 	switch (n->type) {
1389 	case NSEMI:
1390 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1391 		cmdputs("; ");
1392 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1393 		break;
1394 	case NAND:
1395 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1396 		cmdputs(" && ");
1397 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1398 		break;
1399 	case NOR:
1400 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1401 		cmdputs(" || ");
1402 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch2);
1403 		break;
1404 	case NPIPE:
1405 		for (lp = n->npipe.cmdlist ; lp ; lp = lp->next) {
1406 			cmdtxt(lp->n);
1407 			if (lp->next)
1408 				cmdputs(" | ");
1409 		}
1410 		break;
1411 	case NSUBSHELL:
1412 		cmdputs("(");
1413 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1414 		cmdputs(")");
1415 		break;
1416 	case NREDIR:
1417 	case NBACKGND:
1418 		cmdtxt(n->nredir.n);
1419 		break;
1420 	case NIF:
1421 		cmdputs("if ");
1422 		cmdtxt(n->nif.test);
1423 		cmdputs("; then ");
1424 		cmdtxt(n->nif.ifpart);
1425 		cmdputs("...");
1426 		break;
1427 	case NWHILE:
1428 		cmdputs("while ");
1429 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1430 		cmdtxtdogroup(n->nbinary.ch2);
1431 		break;
1432 	case NUNTIL:
1433 		cmdputs("until ");
1434 		cmdtxt(n->nbinary.ch1);
1435 		cmdtxtdogroup(n->nbinary.ch2);
1436 		break;
1437 	case NFOR:
1438 		cmdputs("for ");
1439 		cmdputs(n->nfor.var);
1440 		cmdputs(" in ...");
1441 		break;
1442 	case NCASE:
1443 		cmdputs("case ");
1444 		cmdputs(n->ncase.expr->narg.text);
1445 		cmdputs(" in ...");
1446 		break;
1447 	case NDEFUN:
1448 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1449 		cmdputs("() ...");
1450 		break;
1451 	case NNOT:
1452 		cmdputs("! ");
1453 		cmdtxt(n->nnot.com);
1454 		break;
1455 	case NCMD:
1456 		for (np = n->ncmd.args ; np ; np = np->narg.next) {
1457 			cmdtxt(np);
1458 			if (np->narg.next)
1459 				cmdputs(" ");
1460 		}
1461 		for (np = n->ncmd.redirect ; np ; np = np->nfile.next) {
1462 			cmdputs(" ");
1463 			cmdtxt(np);
1464 		}
1465 		break;
1466 	case NARG:
1467 		cmdputs(n->narg.text);
1468 		break;
1469 	case NTO:
1470 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">", 1);
1471 		break;
1472 	case NAPPEND:
1473 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">>", 1);
1474 		break;
1475 	case NTOFD:
1476 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">&", 1);
1477 		break;
1478 	case NCLOBBER:
1479 		cmdtxtredir(n, ">|", 1);
1480 		break;
1481 	case NFROM:
1482 		cmdtxtredir(n, "<", 0);
1483 		break;
1484 	case NFROMTO:
1485 		cmdtxtredir(n, "<>", 0);
1486 		break;
1487 	case NFROMFD:
1488 		cmdtxtredir(n, "<&", 0);
1489 		break;
1490 	case NHERE:
1491 	case NXHERE:
1492 		cmdputs("<<...");
1493 		break;
1494 	default:
1495 		cmdputs("???");
1496 		break;
1497 	}
1498 }
1499 
1500 
1501 
1502 static void
1503 cmdputs(const char *s)
1504 {
1505 	const char *p;
1506 	char *q;
1507 	char c;
1508 	int subtype = 0;
1509 
1510 	if (cmdnleft <= 0)
1511 		return;
1512 	p = s;
1513 	q = cmdnextc;
1514 	while ((c = *p++) != '\0') {
1515 		if (c == CTLESC)
1516 			*q++ = *p++;
1517 		else if (c == CTLVAR) {
1518 			*q++ = '$';
1519 			if (--cmdnleft > 0)
1520 				*q++ = '{';
1521 			subtype = *p++;
1522 			if ((subtype & VSTYPE) == VSLENGTH && --cmdnleft > 0)
1523 				*q++ = '#';
1524 		} else if (c == '=' && subtype != 0) {
1525 			*q = "}-+?=##%%\0X"[(subtype & VSTYPE) - VSNORMAL];
1526 			if (*q)
1527 				q++;
1528 			else
1529 				cmdnleft++;
1530 			if (((subtype & VSTYPE) == VSTRIMLEFTMAX ||
1531 			    (subtype & VSTYPE) == VSTRIMRIGHTMAX) &&
1532 			    --cmdnleft > 0)
1533 				*q = q[-1], q++;
1534 			subtype = 0;
1535 		} else if (c == CTLENDVAR) {
1536 			*q++ = '}';
1537 		} else if (c == CTLBACKQ || c == CTLBACKQ+CTLQUOTE) {
1538 			cmdnleft -= 5;
1539 			if (cmdnleft > 0) {
1540 				*q++ = '$';
1541 				*q++ = '(';
1542 				*q++ = '.';
1543 				*q++ = '.';
1544 				*q++ = '.';
1545 				*q++ = ')';
1546 			}
1547 		} else if (c == CTLARI) {
1548 			cmdnleft -= 2;
1549 			if (cmdnleft > 0) {
1550 				*q++ = '$';
1551 				*q++ = '(';
1552 				*q++ = '(';
1553 			}
1554 			p++;
1555 		} else if (c == CTLENDARI) {
1556 			if (--cmdnleft > 0) {
1557 				*q++ = ')';
1558 				*q++ = ')';
1559 			}
1560 		} else if (c == CTLQUOTEMARK || c == CTLQUOTEEND)
1561 			cmdnleft++; /* ignore */
1562 		else
1563 			*q++ = c;
1564 		if (--cmdnleft <= 0) {
1565 			*q++ = '.';
1566 			*q++ = '.';
1567 			*q++ = '.';
1568 			break;
1569 		}
1570 	}
1571 	cmdnextc = q;
1572 }
1573