xref: /freebsd/bin/sh/expand.c (revision a316b26e50bbed7cf655fbba726ab87d8ab7599d)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Kenneth Almquist.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  *
36  *	$Id$
37  */
38 
39 #ifndef lint
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)expand.c	8.2 (Berkeley) 10/22/93";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 /*
44  * Routines to expand arguments to commands.  We have to deal with
45  * backquotes, shell variables, and file metacharacters.
46  */
47 
48 #include "shell.h"
49 #include "main.h"
50 #include "nodes.h"
51 #include "eval.h"
52 #include "expand.h"
53 #include "syntax.h"
54 #include "parser.h"
55 #include "jobs.h"
56 #include "options.h"
57 #include "var.h"
58 #include "input.h"
59 #include "output.h"
60 #include "memalloc.h"
61 #include "error.h"
62 #include "mystring.h"
63 #include <sys/types.h>
64 #include <sys/time.h>
65 #include <sys/stat.h>
66 #include <errno.h>
67 #include <dirent.h>
68 #include <pwd.h>
69 
70 /*
71  * Structure specifying which parts of the string should be searched
72  * for IFS characters.
73  */
74 
75 struct ifsregion {
76 	struct ifsregion *next;	/* next region in list */
77 	int begoff;		/* offset of start of region */
78 	int endoff;		/* offset of end of region */
79 	int nulonly;		/* search for nul bytes only */
80 };
81 
82 
83 char *expdest;			/* output of current string */
84 struct nodelist *argbackq;	/* list of back quote expressions */
85 struct ifsregion ifsfirst;	/* first struct in list of ifs regions */
86 struct ifsregion *ifslastp;	/* last struct in list */
87 struct arglist exparg;		/* holds expanded arg list */
88 
89 #ifdef __STDC__
90 STATIC void argstr(char *, int);
91 STATIC void expbackq(union node *, int, int);
92 STATIC char *evalvar(char *, int);
93 STATIC int varisset(int);
94 STATIC void varvalue(int, int, int);
95 STATIC void recordregion(int, int, int);
96 STATIC void ifsbreakup(char *, struct arglist *);
97 STATIC void expandmeta(struct strlist *, int);
98 STATIC void expmeta(char *, char *);
99 STATIC void expari(int);
100 STATIC void addfname(char *);
101 STATIC struct strlist *expsort(struct strlist *);
102 STATIC struct strlist *msort(struct strlist *, int);
103 STATIC int pmatch(char *, char *);
104 STATIC char *exptilde(char *, int);
105 #else
106 STATIC void argstr();
107 STATIC void expbackq();
108 STATIC char *evalvar();
109 STATIC int varisset();
110 STATIC void varvalue();
111 STATIC void recordregion();
112 STATIC void ifsbreakup();
113 STATIC void expandmeta();
114 STATIC void expmeta();
115 STATIC void expari();
116 STATIC void addfname();
117 STATIC struct strlist *expsort();
118 STATIC struct strlist *msort();
119 STATIC int pmatch();
120 STATIC char *exptilde();
121 #endif
122 
123 /*
124  * Expand shell variables and backquotes inside a here document.
125  */
126 
127 void
128 expandhere(arg, fd)
129 	union node *arg;	/* the document */
130 	int fd;			/* where to write the expanded version */
131 	{
132 	herefd = fd;
133 	expandarg(arg, (struct arglist *)NULL, 0);
134 	xwrite(fd, stackblock(), expdest - stackblock());
135 }
136 
137 
138 /*
139  * Perform variable substitution and command substitution on an argument,
140  * placing the resulting list of arguments in arglist.  If EXP_FULL is true,
141  * perform splitting and file name expansion.  When arglist is NULL, perform
142  * here document expansion.
143  */
144 
145 void
146 expandarg(arg, arglist, flag)
147 	union node *arg;
148 	struct arglist *arglist;
149 	{
150 	struct strlist *sp;
151 	char *p;
152 
153 	argbackq = arg->narg.backquote;
154 	STARTSTACKSTR(expdest);
155 	ifsfirst.next = NULL;
156 	ifslastp = NULL;
157 	argstr(arg->narg.text, flag);
158 	if (arglist == NULL) {
159 		return;			/* here document expanded */
160 	}
161 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
162 	p = grabstackstr(expdest);
163 	exparg.lastp = &exparg.list;
164 	/*
165 	 * TODO - EXP_REDIR
166 	 */
167 	if (flag & EXP_FULL) {
168 		ifsbreakup(p, &exparg);
169 		*exparg.lastp = NULL;
170 		exparg.lastp = &exparg.list;
171 		expandmeta(exparg.list, flag);
172 	} else {
173 		if (flag & EXP_REDIR) /*XXX - for now, just remove escapes */
174 			rmescapes(p);
175 		sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof (struct strlist));
176 		sp->text = p;
177 		*exparg.lastp = sp;
178 		exparg.lastp = &sp->next;
179 	}
180 	while (ifsfirst.next != NULL) {
181 		struct ifsregion *ifsp;
182 		INTOFF;
183 		ifsp = ifsfirst.next->next;
184 		ckfree(ifsfirst.next);
185 		ifsfirst.next = ifsp;
186 		INTON;
187 	}
188 	*exparg.lastp = NULL;
189 	if (exparg.list) {
190 		*arglist->lastp = exparg.list;
191 		arglist->lastp = exparg.lastp;
192 	}
193 }
194 
195 
196 
197 /*
198  * Perform variable and command substitution.  If EXP_FULL is set, output CTLESC
199  * characters to allow for further processing.  Otherwise treat
200  * $@ like $* since no splitting will be performed.
201  */
202 
203 STATIC void
204 argstr(p, flag)
205 	register char *p;
206 	{
207 	register char c;
208 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);	/* do CTLESC */
209 	int firsteq = 1;
210 
211 	if (*p == '~' && (flag & (EXP_TILDE | EXP_VARTILDE)))
212 		p = exptilde(p, flag);
213 	for (;;) {
214 		switch (c = *p++) {
215 		case '\0':
216 		case CTLENDVAR: /* ??? */
217 			goto breakloop;
218 		case CTLESC:
219 			if (quotes)
220 				STPUTC(c, expdest);
221 			c = *p++;
222 			STPUTC(c, expdest);
223 			break;
224 		case CTLVAR:
225 			p = evalvar(p, flag);
226 			break;
227 		case CTLBACKQ:
228 		case CTLBACKQ|CTLQUOTE:
229 			expbackq(argbackq->n, c & CTLQUOTE, flag);
230 			argbackq = argbackq->next;
231 			break;
232 		case CTLENDARI:
233 			expari(flag);
234 			break;
235 		case ':':
236 		case '=':
237 			/*
238 			 * sort of a hack - expand tildes in variable
239 			 * assignments (after the first '=' and after ':'s).
240 			 */
241 			STPUTC(c, expdest);
242 			if (flag & EXP_VARTILDE && *p == '~') {
243 				if (c == '=') {
244 					if (firsteq)
245 						firsteq = 0;
246 					else
247 						break;
248 				}
249 				p = exptilde(p, flag);
250 			}
251 			break;
252 		default:
253 			STPUTC(c, expdest);
254 		}
255 	}
256 breakloop:;
257 }
258 
259 STATIC char *
260 exptilde(p, flag)
261 	char *p;
262 	{
263 	char c, *startp = p;
264 	struct passwd *pw;
265 	char *home;
266 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
267 
268 	while (c = *p) {
269 		switch(c) {
270 		case CTLESC:
271 			return (startp);
272 		case ':':
273 			if (flag & EXP_VARTILDE)
274 				goto done;
275 			break;
276 		case '/':
277 			goto done;
278 		}
279 		p++;
280 	}
281 done:
282 	*p = '\0';
283 	if (*(startp+1) == '\0') {
284 		if ((home = lookupvar("HOME")) == NULL)
285 			goto lose;
286 	} else {
287 		if ((pw = getpwnam(startp+1)) == NULL)
288 			goto lose;
289 		home = pw->pw_dir;
290 	}
291 	if (*home == '\0')
292 		goto lose;
293 	*p = c;
294 	while (c = *home++) {
295 		if (quotes && SQSYNTAX[c] == CCTL)
296 			STPUTC(CTLESC, expdest);
297 		STPUTC(c, expdest);
298 	}
299 	return (p);
300 lose:
301 	*p = c;
302 	return (startp);
303 }
304 
305 
306 /*
307  * Expand arithmetic expression.  Backup to start of expression,
308  * evaluate, place result in (backed up) result, adjust string position.
309  */
310 void
311 expari(flag)
312 	{
313 	char *p, *start;
314 	int result;
315 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
316 
317 	/*
318 	 * This routine is slightly over-compilcated for
319 	 * efficiency.  First we make sure there is
320 	 * enough space for the result, which may be bigger
321 	 * than the expression if we add exponentation.  Next we
322 	 * scan backwards looking for the start of arithmetic.  If the
323 	 * next previous character is a CTLESC character, then we
324 	 * have to rescan starting from the beginning since CTLESC
325 	 * characters have to be processed left to right.
326 	 */
327 	CHECKSTRSPACE(8, expdest);
328 	USTPUTC('\0', expdest);
329 	start = stackblock();
330 	p = expdest;
331 	while (*p != CTLARI && p >= start)
332 		--p;
333 	if (*p != CTLARI)
334 		error("missing CTLARI (shouldn't happen)");
335 	if (p > start && *(p-1) == CTLESC)
336 		for (p = start; *p != CTLARI; p++)
337 			if (*p == CTLESC)
338 				p++;
339 	if (quotes)
340 		rmescapes(p+1);
341 	result = arith(p+1);
342 	fmtstr(p, 10, "%d", result);
343 	while (*p++)
344 		;
345 	result = expdest - p + 1;
346 	STADJUST(-result, expdest);
347 }
348 
349 
350 /*
351  * Expand stuff in backwards quotes.
352  */
353 
354 STATIC void
355 expbackq(cmd, quoted, flag)
356 	union node *cmd;
357 	{
358 	struct backcmd in;
359 	int i;
360 	char buf[128];
361 	char *p;
362 	char *dest = expdest;
363 	struct ifsregion saveifs, *savelastp;
364 	struct nodelist *saveargbackq;
365 	char lastc;
366 	int startloc = dest - stackblock();
367 	char const *syntax = quoted? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX;
368 	int saveherefd;
369 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
370 
371 	INTOFF;
372 	saveifs = ifsfirst;
373 	savelastp = ifslastp;
374 	saveargbackq = argbackq;
375 	saveherefd = herefd;
376 	herefd = -1;
377 	p = grabstackstr(dest);
378 	evalbackcmd(cmd, &in);
379 	ungrabstackstr(p, dest);
380 	ifsfirst = saveifs;
381 	ifslastp = savelastp;
382 	argbackq = saveargbackq;
383 	herefd = saveherefd;
384 
385 	p = in.buf;
386 	lastc = '\0';
387 	for (;;) {
388 		if (--in.nleft < 0) {
389 			if (in.fd < 0)
390 				break;
391 			while ((i = read(in.fd, buf, sizeof buf)) < 0 && errno == EINTR);
392 			TRACE(("expbackq: read returns %d\n", i));
393 			if (i <= 0)
394 				break;
395 			p = buf;
396 			in.nleft = i - 1;
397 		}
398 		lastc = *p++;
399 		if (lastc != '\0') {
400 			if (quotes && syntax[lastc] == CCTL)
401 				STPUTC(CTLESC, dest);
402 			STPUTC(lastc, dest);
403 		}
404 	}
405 	if (lastc == '\n') {
406 		STUNPUTC(dest);
407 	}
408 	if (in.fd >= 0)
409 		close(in.fd);
410 	if (in.buf)
411 		ckfree(in.buf);
412 	if (in.jp)
413 		exitstatus = waitforjob(in.jp);
414 	if (quoted == 0)
415 		recordregion(startloc, dest - stackblock(), 0);
416 	TRACE(("evalbackq: size=%d: \"%.*s\"\n",
417 		(dest - stackblock()) - startloc,
418 		(dest - stackblock()) - startloc,
419 		stackblock() + startloc));
420 	expdest = dest;
421 	INTON;
422 }
423 
424 
425 
426 /*
427  * Expand a variable, and return a pointer to the next character in the
428  * input string.
429  */
430 
431 STATIC char *
432 evalvar(p, flag)
433 	char *p;
434 	{
435 	int subtype;
436 	int varflags;
437 	char *var;
438 	char *val;
439 	int c;
440 	int set;
441 	int special;
442 	int startloc;
443 	int quotes = flag & (EXP_FULL | EXP_CASE);
444 
445 	varflags = *p++;
446 	subtype = varflags & VSTYPE;
447 	var = p;
448 	special = 0;
449 	if (! is_name(*p))
450 		special = 1;
451 	p = strchr(p, '=') + 1;
452 again: /* jump here after setting a variable with ${var=text} */
453 	if (special) {
454 		set = varisset(*var);
455 		val = NULL;
456 	} else {
457 		val = lookupvar(var);
458 		if (val == NULL || (varflags & VSNUL) && val[0] == '\0') {
459 			val = NULL;
460 			set = 0;
461 		} else
462 			set = 1;
463 	}
464 	startloc = expdest - stackblock();
465 	if (set && subtype != VSPLUS) {
466 		/* insert the value of the variable */
467 		if (special) {
468 			varvalue(*var, varflags & VSQUOTE, flag & EXP_FULL);
469 		} else {
470 			char const *syntax = (varflags & VSQUOTE)? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX;
471 
472 			while (*val) {
473 				if (quotes && syntax[*val] == CCTL)
474 					STPUTC(CTLESC, expdest);
475 				STPUTC(*val++, expdest);
476 			}
477 		}
478 	}
479 	if (subtype == VSPLUS)
480 		set = ! set;
481 	if (((varflags & VSQUOTE) == 0 || (*var == '@' && shellparam.nparam != 1))
482 	 && (set || subtype == VSNORMAL))
483 		recordregion(startloc, expdest - stackblock(), varflags & VSQUOTE);
484 	if (! set && subtype != VSNORMAL) {
485 		if (subtype == VSPLUS || subtype == VSMINUS) {
486 			argstr(p, flag);
487 		} else {
488 			char *startp;
489 			int saveherefd = herefd;
490 			struct nodelist *saveargbackq = argbackq;
491 			herefd = -1;
492 			argstr(p, 0);
493 			STACKSTRNUL(expdest);
494 			herefd = saveherefd;
495 			argbackq = saveargbackq;
496 			startp = stackblock() + startloc;
497 			if (subtype == VSASSIGN) {
498 				setvar(var, startp, 0);
499 				STADJUST(startp - expdest, expdest);
500 				varflags &=~ VSNUL;
501 				goto again;
502 			}
503 			/* subtype == VSQUESTION */
504 			if (*p != CTLENDVAR) {
505 				outfmt(&errout, "%s\n", startp);
506 				error((char *)NULL);
507 			}
508 			error("%.*s: parameter %snot set", p - var - 1,
509 				var, (varflags & VSNUL)? "null or " : nullstr);
510 		}
511 	}
512 	if (subtype != VSNORMAL) {	/* skip to end of alternative */
513 		int nesting = 1;
514 		for (;;) {
515 			if ((c = *p++) == CTLESC)
516 				p++;
517 			else if (c == CTLBACKQ || c == (CTLBACKQ|CTLQUOTE)) {
518 				if (set)
519 					argbackq = argbackq->next;
520 			} else if (c == CTLVAR) {
521 				if ((*p++ & VSTYPE) != VSNORMAL)
522 					nesting++;
523 			} else if (c == CTLENDVAR) {
524 				if (--nesting == 0)
525 					break;
526 			}
527 		}
528 	}
529 	return p;
530 }
531 
532 
533 
534 /*
535  * Test whether a specialized variable is set.
536  */
537 
538 STATIC int
539 varisset(name)
540 	char name;
541 	{
542 	char **ap;
543 
544 	if (name == '!') {
545 		if (backgndpid == -1)
546 			return 0;
547 	} else if (name == '@' || name == '*') {
548 		if (*shellparam.p == NULL)
549 			return 0;
550 	} else if ((unsigned)(name -= '1') <= '9' - '1') {
551 		ap = shellparam.p;
552 		do {
553 			if (*ap++ == NULL)
554 				return 0;
555 		} while (--name >= 0);
556 	}
557 	return 1;
558 }
559 
560 
561 
562 /*
563  * Add the value of a specialized variable to the stack string.
564  */
565 
566 STATIC void
567 varvalue(name, quoted, allow_split)
568 	char name;
569 	{
570 	int num;
571 	char temp[32];
572 	char *p;
573 	int i;
574 	extern int exitstatus;
575 	char sep;
576 	char **ap;
577 	char const *syntax;
578 
579 #define STRTODEST(p) \
580 	do {\
581 	if (allow_split) { \
582 		syntax = quoted? DQSYNTAX : BASESYNTAX; \
583 		while (*p) { \
584 			if (syntax[*p] == CCTL) \
585 				STPUTC(CTLESC, expdest); \
586 			STPUTC(*p++, expdest); \
587 		} \
588 	} else \
589 		while (*p) \
590 			STPUTC(*p++, expdest); \
591 	} while (0)
592 
593 
594 	switch (name) {
595 	case '$':
596 		num = rootpid;
597 		goto numvar;
598 	case '?':
599 		num = exitstatus;
600 		goto numvar;
601 	case '#':
602 		num = shellparam.nparam;
603 		goto numvar;
604 	case '!':
605 		num = backgndpid;
606 numvar:
607 		p = temp + 31;
608 		temp[31] = '\0';
609 		do {
610 			*--p = num % 10 + '0';
611 		} while ((num /= 10) != 0);
612 		while (*p)
613 			STPUTC(*p++, expdest);
614 		break;
615 	case '-':
616 		for (i = 0 ; i < NOPTS ; i++) {
617 			if (optlist[i].val)
618 				STPUTC(optlist[i].letter, expdest);
619 		}
620 		break;
621 	case '@':
622 		if (allow_split) {
623 			sep = '\0';
624 			goto allargs;
625 		}
626 		/* fall through */
627 	case '*':
628 		sep = ' ';
629 allargs:
630 		for (ap = shellparam.p ; (p = *ap++) != NULL ; ) {
631 			STRTODEST(p);
632 			if (*ap)
633 				STPUTC(sep, expdest);
634 		}
635 		break;
636 	case '0':
637 		p = arg0;
638 		STRTODEST(p);
639 		break;
640 	default:
641 		if ((unsigned)(name -= '1') <= '9' - '1') {
642 			p = shellparam.p[name];
643 			STRTODEST(p);
644 		}
645 		break;
646 	}
647 }
648 
649 
650 
651 /*
652  * Record the the fact that we have to scan this region of the
653  * string for IFS characters.
654  */
655 
656 STATIC void
657 recordregion(start, end, nulonly) {
658 	register struct ifsregion *ifsp;
659 
660 	if (ifslastp == NULL) {
661 		ifsp = &ifsfirst;
662 	} else {
663 		ifsp = (struct ifsregion *)ckmalloc(sizeof (struct ifsregion));
664 		ifslastp->next = ifsp;
665 	}
666 	ifslastp = ifsp;
667 	ifslastp->next = NULL;
668 	ifslastp->begoff = start;
669 	ifslastp->endoff = end;
670 	ifslastp->nulonly = nulonly;
671 }
672 
673 
674 
675 /*
676  * Break the argument string into pieces based upon IFS and add the
677  * strings to the argument list.  The regions of the string to be
678  * searched for IFS characters have been stored by recordregion.
679  */
680 
681 STATIC void
682 ifsbreakup(string, arglist)
683 	char *string;
684 	struct arglist *arglist;
685 	{
686 	struct ifsregion *ifsp;
687 	struct strlist *sp;
688 	char *start;
689 	register char *p;
690 	char *q;
691 	char *ifs;
692 
693 	start = string;
694 	if (ifslastp != NULL) {
695 		ifsp = &ifsfirst;
696 		do {
697 			p = string + ifsp->begoff;
698 			ifs = ifsp->nulonly? nullstr : ifsval();
699 			while (p < string + ifsp->endoff) {
700 				q = p;
701 				if (*p == CTLESC)
702 					p++;
703 				if (strchr(ifs, *p++)) {
704 					if (q > start || *ifs != ' ') {
705 						*q = '\0';
706 						sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
707 						sp->text = start;
708 						*arglist->lastp = sp;
709 						arglist->lastp = &sp->next;
710 					}
711 					if (*ifs == ' ') {
712 						for (;;) {
713 							if (p >= string + ifsp->endoff)
714 								break;
715 							q = p;
716 							if (*p == CTLESC)
717 								p++;
718 							if (strchr(ifs, *p++) == NULL) {
719 								p = q;
720 								break;
721 							}
722 						}
723 					}
724 					start = p;
725 				}
726 			}
727 		} while ((ifsp = ifsp->next) != NULL);
728 		if (*start || (*ifs != ' ' && start > string)) {
729 			sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
730 			sp->text = start;
731 			*arglist->lastp = sp;
732 			arglist->lastp = &sp->next;
733 		}
734 	} else {
735 		sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
736 		sp->text = start;
737 		*arglist->lastp = sp;
738 		arglist->lastp = &sp->next;
739 	}
740 }
741 
742 
743 
744 /*
745  * Expand shell metacharacters.  At this point, the only control characters
746  * should be escapes.  The results are stored in the list exparg.
747  */
748 
749 char *expdir;
750 
751 
752 STATIC void
753 expandmeta(str, flag)
754 	struct strlist *str;
755 	{
756 	char *p;
757 	struct strlist **savelastp;
758 	struct strlist *sp;
759 	char c;
760 	/* TODO - EXP_REDIR */
761 
762 	while (str) {
763 		if (fflag)
764 			goto nometa;
765 		p = str->text;
766 		for (;;) {			/* fast check for meta chars */
767 			if ((c = *p++) == '\0')
768 				goto nometa;
769 			if (c == '*' || c == '?' || c == '[' || c == '!')
770 				break;
771 		}
772 		savelastp = exparg.lastp;
773 		INTOFF;
774 		if (expdir == NULL) {
775 			int i = strlen(str->text);
776 			expdir = ckmalloc(i < 2048 ? 2048 : i); /* XXX */
777 		}
778 
779 		expmeta(expdir, str->text);
780 		ckfree(expdir);
781 		expdir = NULL;
782 		INTON;
783 		if (exparg.lastp == savelastp) {
784 			/*
785 			 * no matches
786 			 */
787 nometa:
788 			*exparg.lastp = str;
789 			rmescapes(str->text);
790 			exparg.lastp = &str->next;
791 		} else {
792 			*exparg.lastp = NULL;
793 			*savelastp = sp = expsort(*savelastp);
794 			while (sp->next != NULL)
795 				sp = sp->next;
796 			exparg.lastp = &sp->next;
797 		}
798 		str = str->next;
799 	}
800 }
801 
802 
803 /*
804  * Do metacharacter (i.e. *, ?, [...]) expansion.
805  */
806 
807 STATIC void
808 expmeta(enddir, name)
809 	char *enddir;
810 	char *name;
811 	{
812 	register char *p;
813 	char *q;
814 	char *start;
815 	char *endname;
816 	int metaflag;
817 	struct stat statb;
818 	DIR *dirp;
819 	struct dirent *dp;
820 	int atend;
821 	int matchdot;
822 
823 	metaflag = 0;
824 	start = name;
825 	for (p = name ; ; p++) {
826 		if (*p == '*' || *p == '?')
827 			metaflag = 1;
828 		else if (*p == '[') {
829 			q = p + 1;
830 			if (*q == '!')
831 				q++;
832 			for (;;) {
833 				if (*q == CTLESC)
834 					q++;
835 				if (*q == '/' || *q == '\0')
836 					break;
837 				if (*++q == ']') {
838 					metaflag = 1;
839 					break;
840 				}
841 			}
842 		} else if (*p == '!' && p[1] == '!'	&& (p == name || p[-1] == '/')) {
843 			metaflag = 1;
844 		} else if (*p == '\0')
845 			break;
846 		else if (*p == CTLESC)
847 			p++;
848 		if (*p == '/') {
849 			if (metaflag)
850 				break;
851 			start = p + 1;
852 		}
853 	}
854 	if (metaflag == 0) {	/* we've reached the end of the file name */
855 		if (enddir != expdir)
856 			metaflag++;
857 		for (p = name ; ; p++) {
858 			if (*p == CTLESC)
859 				p++;
860 			*enddir++ = *p;
861 			if (*p == '\0')
862 				break;
863 		}
864 		if (metaflag == 0 || stat(expdir, &statb) >= 0)
865 			addfname(expdir);
866 		return;
867 	}
868 	endname = p;
869 	if (start != name) {
870 		p = name;
871 		while (p < start) {
872 			if (*p == CTLESC)
873 				p++;
874 			*enddir++ = *p++;
875 		}
876 	}
877 	if (enddir == expdir) {
878 		p = ".";
879 	} else if (enddir == expdir + 1 && *expdir == '/') {
880 		p = "/";
881 	} else {
882 		p = expdir;
883 		enddir[-1] = '\0';
884 	}
885 	if ((dirp = opendir(p)) == NULL)
886 		return;
887 	if (enddir != expdir)
888 		enddir[-1] = '/';
889 	if (*endname == 0) {
890 		atend = 1;
891 	} else {
892 		atend = 0;
893 		*endname++ = '\0';
894 	}
895 	matchdot = 0;
896 	if (start[0] == '.' || start[0] == CTLESC && start[1] == '.')
897 		matchdot++;
898 	while (! int_pending() && (dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
899 		if (dp->d_name[0] == '.' && ! matchdot)
900 			continue;
901 		if (patmatch(start, dp->d_name)) {
902 			if (atend) {
903 				scopy(dp->d_name, enddir);
904 				addfname(expdir);
905 			} else {
906 				char *q;
907 				for (p = enddir, q = dp->d_name ; *p++ = *q++ ;);
908 				p[-1] = '/';
909 				expmeta(p, endname);
910 			}
911 		}
912 	}
913 	closedir(dirp);
914 	if (! atend)
915 		endname[-1] = '/';
916 }
917 
918 
919 /*
920  * Add a file name to the list.
921  */
922 
923 STATIC void
924 addfname(name)
925 	char *name;
926 	{
927 	char *p;
928 	struct strlist *sp;
929 
930 	p = stalloc(strlen(name) + 1);
931 	scopy(name, p);
932 	sp = (struct strlist *)stalloc(sizeof *sp);
933 	sp->text = p;
934 	*exparg.lastp = sp;
935 	exparg.lastp = &sp->next;
936 }
937 
938 
939 /*
940  * Sort the results of file name expansion.  It calculates the number of
941  * strings to sort and then calls msort (short for merge sort) to do the
942  * work.
943  */
944 
945 STATIC struct strlist *
946 expsort(str)
947 	struct strlist *str;
948 	{
949 	int len;
950 	struct strlist *sp;
951 
952 	len = 0;
953 	for (sp = str ; sp ; sp = sp->next)
954 		len++;
955 	return msort(str, len);
956 }
957 
958 
959 STATIC struct strlist *
960 msort(list, len)
961 	struct strlist *list;
962 	{
963 	struct strlist *p, *q;
964 	struct strlist **lpp;
965 	int half;
966 	int n;
967 
968 	if (len <= 1)
969 		return list;
970 	half = len >> 1;
971 	p = list;
972 	for (n = half ; --n >= 0 ; ) {
973 		q = p;
974 		p = p->next;
975 	}
976 	q->next = NULL;			/* terminate first half of list */
977 	q = msort(list, half);		/* sort first half of list */
978 	p = msort(p, len - half);		/* sort second half */
979 	lpp = &list;
980 	for (;;) {
981 		if (strcmp(p->text, q->text) < 0) {
982 			*lpp = p;
983 			lpp = &p->next;
984 			if ((p = *lpp) == NULL) {
985 				*lpp = q;
986 				break;
987 			}
988 		} else {
989 			*lpp = q;
990 			lpp = &q->next;
991 			if ((q = *lpp) == NULL) {
992 				*lpp = p;
993 				break;
994 			}
995 		}
996 	}
997 	return list;
998 }
999 
1000 
1001 
1002 /*
1003  * Returns true if the pattern matches the string.
1004  */
1005 
1006 int
1007 patmatch(pattern, string)
1008 	char *pattern;
1009 	char *string;
1010 	{
1011 #ifdef notdef
1012 	if (pattern[0] == '!' && pattern[1] == '!')
1013 		return 1 - pmatch(pattern + 2, string);
1014 	else
1015 #endif
1016 		return pmatch(pattern, string);
1017 }
1018 
1019 
1020 STATIC int
1021 pmatch(pattern, string)
1022 	char *pattern;
1023 	char *string;
1024 	{
1025 	register char *p, *q;
1026 	register char c;
1027 
1028 	p = pattern;
1029 	q = string;
1030 	for (;;) {
1031 		switch (c = *p++) {
1032 		case '\0':
1033 			goto breakloop;
1034 		case CTLESC:
1035 			if (*q++ != *p++)
1036 				return 0;
1037 			break;
1038 		case '?':
1039 			if (*q++ == '\0')
1040 				return 0;
1041 			break;
1042 		case '*':
1043 			c = *p;
1044 			if (c != CTLESC && c != '?' && c != '*' && c != '[') {
1045 				while (*q != c) {
1046 					if (*q == '\0')
1047 						return 0;
1048 					q++;
1049 				}
1050 			}
1051 			do {
1052 				if (pmatch(p, q))
1053 					return 1;
1054 			} while (*q++ != '\0');
1055 			return 0;
1056 		case '[': {
1057 			char *endp;
1058 			int invert, found;
1059 			char chr;
1060 
1061 			endp = p;
1062 			if (*endp == '!')
1063 				endp++;
1064 			for (;;) {
1065 				if (*endp == '\0')
1066 					goto dft;		/* no matching ] */
1067 				if (*endp == CTLESC)
1068 					endp++;
1069 				if (*++endp == ']')
1070 					break;
1071 			}
1072 			invert = 0;
1073 			if (*p == '!') {
1074 				invert++;
1075 				p++;
1076 			}
1077 			found = 0;
1078 			chr = *q++;
1079 			c = *p++;
1080 			do {
1081 				if (c == CTLESC)
1082 					c = *p++;
1083 				if (*p == '-' && p[1] != ']') {
1084 					p++;
1085 					if (*p == CTLESC)
1086 						p++;
1087 					if (chr >= c && chr <= *p)
1088 						found = 1;
1089 					p++;
1090 				} else {
1091 					if (chr == c)
1092 						found = 1;
1093 				}
1094 			} while ((c = *p++) != ']');
1095 			if (found == invert)
1096 				return 0;
1097 			break;
1098 		}
1099 dft:	        default:
1100 			if (*q++ != c)
1101 				return 0;
1102 			break;
1103 		}
1104 	}
1105 breakloop:
1106 	if (*q != '\0')
1107 		return 0;
1108 	return 1;
1109 }
1110 
1111 
1112 
1113 /*
1114  * Remove any CTLESC characters from a string.
1115  */
1116 
1117 void
1118 rmescapes(str)
1119 	char *str;
1120 	{
1121 	register char *p, *q;
1122 
1123 	p = str;
1124 	while (*p != CTLESC) {
1125 		if (*p++ == '\0')
1126 			return;
1127 	}
1128 	q = p;
1129 	while (*p) {
1130 		if (*p == CTLESC)
1131 			p++;
1132 		*q++ = *p++;
1133 	}
1134 	*q = '\0';
1135 }
1136 
1137 
1138 
1139 /*
1140  * See if a pattern matches in a case statement.
1141  */
1142 
1143 int
1144 casematch(pattern, val)
1145 	union node *pattern;
1146 	char *val;
1147 	{
1148 	struct stackmark smark;
1149 	int result;
1150 	char *p;
1151 
1152 	setstackmark(&smark);
1153 	argbackq = pattern->narg.backquote;
1154 	STARTSTACKSTR(expdest);
1155 	ifslastp = NULL;
1156 	argstr(pattern->narg.text, EXP_TILDE | EXP_CASE);
1157 	STPUTC('\0', expdest);
1158 	p = grabstackstr(expdest);
1159 	result = patmatch(p, val);
1160 	popstackmark(&smark);
1161 	return result;
1162 }
1163