xref: /freebsd/bin/ps/ps.c (revision 9336e0699bda8a301cd2bfa37106b6ec5e32012e)
1 /*-
2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
15  *    without specific prior written permission.
16  *
17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
27  * SUCH DAMAGE.
28  * ------+---------+---------+-------- + --------+---------+---------+---------*
29  * Copyright (c) 2004  - Garance Alistair Drosehn <gad@FreeBSD.org>.
30  * All rights reserved.
31  *
32  * Significant modifications made to bring `ps' options somewhat closer
33  * to the standard for `ps' as described in SingleUnixSpec-v3.
34  * ------+---------+---------+-------- + --------+---------+---------+---------*
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 static const char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994\n\
40 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 #if 0
44 #ifndef lint
45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ps.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
46 #endif /* not lint */
47 #endif
48 
49 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
50 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
51 
52 #include <sys/param.h>
53 #include <sys/proc.h>
54 #include <sys/user.h>
55 #include <sys/stat.h>
56 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
57 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
58 #include <sys/mount.h>
59 
60 #include <ctype.h>
61 #include <err.h>
62 #include <errno.h>
63 #include <fcntl.h>
64 #include <grp.h>
65 #include <kvm.h>
66 #include <limits.h>
67 #include <locale.h>
68 #include <paths.h>
69 #include <pwd.h>
70 #include <stdio.h>
71 #include <stdlib.h>
72 #include <string.h>
73 #include <unistd.h>
74 
75 #include "ps.h"
76 
77 #define	_PATH_PTS	"/dev/pts/"
78 
79 #define	W_SEP	" \t"		/* "Whitespace" list separators */
80 #define	T_SEP	","		/* "Terminate-element" list separators */
81 
82 #ifdef LAZY_PS
83 #define	DEF_UREAD	0
84 #define	OPT_LAZY_f	"f"
85 #else
86 #define	DEF_UREAD	1	/* Always do the more-expensive read. */
87 #define	OPT_LAZY_f		/* I.e., the `-f' option is not added. */
88 #endif
89 
90 /*
91  * isdigit takes an `int', but expects values in the range of unsigned char.
92  * This wrapper ensures that values from a 'char' end up in the correct range.
93  */
94 #define	isdigitch(Anychar) isdigit((u_char)(Anychar))
95 
96 int	 cflag;			/* -c */
97 int	 eval;			/* Exit value */
98 time_t	 now;			/* Current time(3) value */
99 int	 rawcpu;		/* -C */
100 int	 sumrusage;		/* -S */
101 int	 termwidth;		/* Width of the screen (0 == infinity). */
102 int	 totwidth;		/* Calculated-width of requested variables. */
103 int	 showthreads;		/* will threads be shown? */
104 
105 struct velisthead varlist = STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(varlist);
106 
107 static int	 forceuread = DEF_UREAD; /* Do extra work to get u-area. */
108 static kvm_t	*kd;
109 static KINFO	*kinfo;
110 static int	 needcomm;	/* -o "command" */
111 static int	 needenv;	/* -e */
112 static int	 needuser;	/* -o "user" */
113 static int	 optfatal;	/* Fatal error parsing some list-option. */
114 
115 static enum sort { DEFAULT, SORTMEM, SORTCPU } sortby = DEFAULT;
116 
117 struct listinfo;
118 typedef	int	addelem_rtn(struct listinfo *_inf, const char *_elem);
119 
120 struct listinfo {
121 	int		 count;
122 	int		 maxcount;
123 	int		 elemsize;
124 	addelem_rtn	*addelem;
125 	const char	*lname;
126 	union {
127 		gid_t	*gids;
128 		pid_t	*pids;
129 		dev_t	*ttys;
130 		uid_t	*uids;
131 		void	*ptr;
132 	} l;
133 };
134 
135 static int	 check_procfs(void);
136 static int	 addelem_gid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
137 static int	 addelem_pid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
138 static int	 addelem_tty(struct listinfo *, const char *);
139 static int	 addelem_uid(struct listinfo *, const char *);
140 static void	 add_list(struct listinfo *, const char *);
141 static void	 dynsizevars(KINFO *);
142 static void	*expand_list(struct listinfo *);
143 static const char *
144 		 fmt(char **(*)(kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int),
145 		    KINFO *, char *, int);
146 static void	 free_list(struct listinfo *);
147 static void	 init_list(struct listinfo *, addelem_rtn, int, const char *);
148 static char	*kludge_oldps_options(const char *, char *, const char *);
149 static int	 pscomp(const void *, const void *);
150 static void	 saveuser(KINFO *);
151 static void	 scanvars(void);
152 static void	 sizevars(void);
153 static void	 usage(void);
154 
155 static char dfmt[] = "pid,tt,state,time,command";
156 static char jfmt[] = "user,pid,ppid,pgid,sid,jobc,state,tt,time,command";
157 static char lfmt[] = "uid,pid,ppid,cpu,pri,nice,vsz,rss,mwchan,state,"
158 			"tt,time,command";
159 static char   o1[] = "pid";
160 static char   o2[] = "tt,state,time,command";
161 static char ufmt[] = "user,pid,%cpu,%mem,vsz,rss,tt,state,start,time,command";
162 static char vfmt[] = "pid,state,time,sl,re,pagein,vsz,rss,lim,tsiz,"
163 			"%cpu,%mem,command";
164 static char Zfmt[] = "label";
165 
166 #define	PS_ARGS	"AaCce" OPT_LAZY_f "G:gHhjLlM:mN:O:o:p:rSTt:U:uvwXxZ"
167 
168 int
169 main(int argc, char *argv[])
170 {
171 	struct listinfo gidlist, pgrplist, pidlist;
172 	struct listinfo ruidlist, sesslist, ttylist, uidlist;
173 	struct kinfo_proc *kp;
174 	KINFO *next_KINFO;
175 	struct varent *vent;
176 	struct winsize ws;
177 	const char *nlistf, *memf;
178 	char *cols;
179 	int all, ch, elem, flag, _fmt, i, lineno;
180 	int nentries, nkept, nselectors;
181 	int prtheader, wflag, what, xkeep, xkeep_implied;
182 	char errbuf[_POSIX2_LINE_MAX];
183 
184 	(void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
185 	time(&now);			/* Used by routines in print.c. */
186 
187 	if ((cols = getenv("COLUMNS")) != NULL && *cols != '\0')
188 		termwidth = atoi(cols);
189 	else if ((ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
190 	     ioctl(STDERR_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1 &&
191 	     ioctl(STDIN_FILENO,  TIOCGWINSZ, (char *)&ws) == -1) ||
192 	     ws.ws_col == 0)
193 		termwidth = 79;
194 	else
195 		termwidth = ws.ws_col - 1;
196 
197 	/*
198 	 * Hide a number of option-processing kludges in a separate routine,
199 	 * to support some historical BSD behaviors, such as `ps axu'.
200 	 */
201 	if (argc > 1)
202 		argv[1] = kludge_oldps_options(PS_ARGS, argv[1], argv[2]);
203 
204 	all = _fmt = nselectors = optfatal = 0;
205 	prtheader = showthreads = wflag = xkeep_implied = 0;
206 	xkeep = -1;			/* Neither -x nor -X. */
207 	init_list(&gidlist, addelem_gid, sizeof(gid_t), "group");
208 	init_list(&pgrplist, addelem_pid, sizeof(pid_t), "process group");
209 	init_list(&pidlist, addelem_pid, sizeof(pid_t), "process id");
210 	init_list(&ruidlist, addelem_uid, sizeof(uid_t), "ruser");
211 	init_list(&sesslist, addelem_pid, sizeof(pid_t), "session id");
212 	init_list(&ttylist, addelem_tty, sizeof(dev_t), "tty");
213 	init_list(&uidlist, addelem_uid, sizeof(uid_t), "user");
214 	memf = nlistf = _PATH_DEVNULL;
215 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PS_ARGS)) != -1)
216 		switch ((char)ch) {
217 		case 'A':
218 			/*
219 			 * Exactly the same as `-ax'.   This has been
220 			 * added for compatability with SUSv3, but for
221 			 * now it will not be described in the man page.
222 			 */
223 			nselectors++;
224 			all = xkeep = 1;
225 			break;
226 		case 'a':
227 			nselectors++;
228 			all = 1;
229 			break;
230 		case 'C':
231 			rawcpu = 1;
232 			break;
233 		case 'c':
234 			cflag = 1;
235 			break;
236 		case 'e':			/* XXX set ufmt */
237 			needenv = 1;
238 			break;
239 #ifdef LAZY_PS
240 		case 'f':
241 			if (getuid() == 0 || getgid() == 0)
242 				forceuread = 1;
243 			break;
244 #endif
245 		case 'G':
246 			add_list(&gidlist, optarg);
247 			xkeep_implied = 1;
248 			nselectors++;
249 			break;
250 		case 'g':
251 #if 0
252 			/*-
253 			 * XXX - This SUSv3 behavior is still under debate
254 			 *	since it conflicts with the (undocumented)
255 			 *	`-g' option.  So we skip it for now.
256 			 */
257 			add_list(&pgrplist, optarg);
258 			xkeep_implied = 1;
259 			nselectors++;
260 			break;
261 #else
262 			/* The historical BSD-ish (from SunOS) behavior. */
263 			break;			/* no-op */
264 #endif
265 		case 'H':
266 			showthreads = KERN_PROC_INC_THREAD;
267 			break;
268 		case 'h':
269 			prtheader = ws.ws_row > 5 ? ws.ws_row : 22;
270 			break;
271 		case 'j':
272 			parsefmt(jfmt, 0);
273 			_fmt = 1;
274 			jfmt[0] = '\0';
275 			break;
276 		case 'L':
277 			showkey();
278 			exit(0);
279 		case 'l':
280 			parsefmt(lfmt, 0);
281 			_fmt = 1;
282 			lfmt[0] = '\0';
283 			break;
284 		case 'M':
285 			memf = optarg;
286 			break;
287 		case 'm':
288 			sortby = SORTMEM;
289 			break;
290 		case 'N':
291 			nlistf = optarg;
292 			break;
293 		case 'O':
294 			parsefmt(o1, 1);
295 			parsefmt(optarg, 1);
296 			parsefmt(o2, 1);
297 			o1[0] = o2[0] = '\0';
298 			_fmt = 1;
299 			break;
300 		case 'o':
301 			parsefmt(optarg, 1);
302 			_fmt = 1;
303 			break;
304 		case 'p':
305 			add_list(&pidlist, optarg);
306 			/*
307 			 * Note: `-p' does not *set* xkeep, but any values
308 			 * from pidlist are checked before xkeep is.  That
309 			 * way they are always matched, even if the user
310 			 * specifies `-X'.
311 			 */
312 			nselectors++;
313 			break;
314 #if 0
315 		case 'R':
316 			/*-
317 			 * XXX - This un-standard option is still under
318 			 *	debate.  This is what SUSv3 defines as
319 			 *	the `-U' option, and while it would be
320 			 *	nice to have, it could cause even more
321 			 *	confusion to implement it as `-R'.
322 			 */
323 			add_list(&ruidlist, optarg);
324 			xkeep_implied = 1;
325 			nselectors++;
326 			break;
327 #endif
328 		case 'r':
329 			sortby = SORTCPU;
330 			break;
331 		case 'S':
332 			sumrusage = 1;
333 			break;
334 #if 0
335 		case 's':
336 			/*-
337 			 * XXX - This non-standard option is still under
338 			 *	debate.  This *is* supported on Solaris,
339 			 *	Linux, and IRIX, but conflicts with `-s'
340 			 *	on NetBSD and maybe some older BSD's.
341 			 */
342 			add_list(&sesslist, optarg);
343 			xkeep_implied = 1;
344 			nselectors++;
345 			break;
346 #endif
347 		case 'T':
348 			if ((optarg = ttyname(STDIN_FILENO)) == NULL)
349 				errx(1, "stdin: not a terminal");
350 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
351 		case 't':
352 			add_list(&ttylist, optarg);
353 			xkeep_implied = 1;
354 			nselectors++;
355 			break;
356 		case 'U':
357 			/* This is what SUSv3 defines as the `-u' option. */
358 			add_list(&uidlist, optarg);
359 			xkeep_implied = 1;
360 			nselectors++;
361 			break;
362 		case 'u':
363 			parsefmt(ufmt, 0);
364 			sortby = SORTCPU;
365 			_fmt = 1;
366 			ufmt[0] = '\0';
367 			break;
368 		case 'v':
369 			parsefmt(vfmt, 0);
370 			sortby = SORTMEM;
371 			_fmt = 1;
372 			vfmt[0] = '\0';
373 			break;
374 		case 'w':
375 			if (wflag)
376 				termwidth = UNLIMITED;
377 			else if (termwidth < 131)
378 				termwidth = 131;
379 			wflag++;
380 			break;
381 		case 'X':
382 			/*
383 			 * Note that `-X' and `-x' are not standard "selector"
384 			 * options. For most selector-options, we check *all*
385 			 * processes to see if any are matched by the given
386 			 * value(s).  After we have a set of all the matched
387 			 * processes, then `-X' and `-x' govern whether we
388 			 * modify that *matched* set for processes which do
389 			 * not have a controlling terminal.  `-X' causes
390 			 * those processes to be deleted from the matched
391 			 * set, while `-x' causes them to be kept.
392 			 */
393 			xkeep = 0;
394 			break;
395 		case 'x':
396 			xkeep = 1;
397 			break;
398 		case 'Z':
399 			parsefmt(Zfmt, 0);
400 			Zfmt[0] = '\0';
401 			break;
402 		case '?':
403 		default:
404 			usage();
405 		}
406 	argc -= optind;
407 	argv += optind;
408 
409 	/*
410 	 * If the user specified ps -e then they want a copy of the process
411 	 * environment kvm_getenvv(3) attempts to open /proc/<pid>/mem.
412 	 * Check to make sure that procfs is mounted on /proc, otherwise
413 	 * print a warning informing the user that output will be incomplete.
414 	 */
415 	if (needenv == 1 && check_procfs() == 0)
416 		warnx("Process environment requires procfs(5)");
417 	/*
418 	 * If there arguments after processing all the options, attempt
419 	 * to treat them as a list of process ids.
420 	 */
421 	while (*argv) {
422 		if (!isdigitch(**argv))
423 			break;
424 		add_list(&pidlist, *argv);
425 		argv++;
426 	}
427 	if (*argv) {
428 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: illegal argument: %s\n",
429 		    getprogname(), *argv);
430 		usage();
431 	}
432 	if (optfatal)
433 		exit(1);		/* Error messages already printed. */
434 	if (xkeep < 0)			/* Neither -X nor -x was specified. */
435 		xkeep = xkeep_implied;
436 
437 	kd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, errbuf);
438 	if (kd == 0)
439 		errx(1, "%s", errbuf);
440 
441 	if (!_fmt)
442 		parsefmt(dfmt, 0);
443 
444 	if (nselectors == 0) {
445 		uidlist.l.ptr = malloc(sizeof(uid_t));
446 		if (uidlist.l.ptr == NULL)
447 			errx(1, "malloc failed");
448 		nselectors = 1;
449 		uidlist.count = uidlist.maxcount = 1;
450 		*uidlist.l.uids = getuid();
451 	}
452 
453 	/*
454 	 * scan requested variables, noting what structures are needed,
455 	 * and adjusting header widths as appropriate.
456 	 */
457 	scanvars();
458 
459 	/*
460 	 * Get process list.  If the user requested just one selector-
461 	 * option, then kvm_getprocs can be asked to return just those
462 	 * processes.  Otherwise, have it return all processes, and
463 	 * then this routine will search that full list and select the
464 	 * processes which match any of the user's selector-options.
465 	 */
466 	what = showthreads != 0 ? KERN_PROC_ALL : KERN_PROC_PROC;
467 	flag = 0;
468 	if (nselectors == 1) {
469 		if (gidlist.count == 1) {
470 			what = KERN_PROC_RGID | showthreads;
471 			flag = *gidlist.l.gids;
472 			nselectors = 0;
473 		} else if (pgrplist.count == 1) {
474 			what = KERN_PROC_PGRP | showthreads;
475 			flag = *pgrplist.l.pids;
476 			nselectors = 0;
477 		} else if (pidlist.count == 1) {
478 			what = KERN_PROC_PID | showthreads;
479 			flag = *pidlist.l.pids;
480 			nselectors = 0;
481 		} else if (ruidlist.count == 1) {
482 			what = KERN_PROC_RUID | showthreads;
483 			flag = *ruidlist.l.uids;
484 			nselectors = 0;
485 		} else if (sesslist.count == 1) {
486 			what = KERN_PROC_SESSION | showthreads;
487 			flag = *sesslist.l.pids;
488 			nselectors = 0;
489 		} else if (ttylist.count == 1) {
490 			what = KERN_PROC_TTY | showthreads;
491 			flag = *ttylist.l.ttys;
492 			nselectors = 0;
493 		} else if (uidlist.count == 1) {
494 			what = KERN_PROC_UID | showthreads;
495 			flag = *uidlist.l.uids;
496 			nselectors = 0;
497 		} else if (all) {
498 			/* No need for this routine to select processes. */
499 			nselectors = 0;
500 		}
501 	}
502 
503 	/*
504 	 * select procs
505 	 */
506 	nentries = -1;
507 	kp = kvm_getprocs(kd, what, flag, &nentries);
508 	if ((kp == NULL && nentries > 0) || (kp != NULL && nentries < 0))
509 		errx(1, "%s", kvm_geterr(kd));
510 	nkept = 0;
511 	if (nentries > 0) {
512 		if ((kinfo = malloc(nentries * sizeof(*kinfo))) == NULL)
513 			errx(1, "malloc failed");
514 		for (i = nentries; --i >= 0; ++kp) {
515 			/*
516 			 * If the user specified multiple selection-criteria,
517 			 * then keep any process matched by the inclusive OR
518 			 * of all the selection-criteria given.
519 			 */
520 			if (pidlist.count > 0) {
521 				for (elem = 0; elem < pidlist.count; elem++)
522 					if (kp->ki_pid == pidlist.l.pids[elem])
523 						goto keepit;
524 			}
525 			/*
526 			 * Note that we had to process pidlist before
527 			 * filtering out processes which do not have
528 			 * a controlling terminal.
529 			 */
530 			if (xkeep == 0) {
531 				if ((kp->ki_tdev == NODEV ||
532 				    (kp->ki_flag & P_CONTROLT) == 0))
533 					continue;
534 			}
535 			if (nselectors == 0)
536 				goto keepit;
537 			if (gidlist.count > 0) {
538 				for (elem = 0; elem < gidlist.count; elem++)
539 					if (kp->ki_rgid == gidlist.l.gids[elem])
540 						goto keepit;
541 			}
542 			if (pgrplist.count > 0) {
543 				for (elem = 0; elem < pgrplist.count; elem++)
544 					if (kp->ki_pgid ==
545 					    pgrplist.l.pids[elem])
546 						goto keepit;
547 			}
548 			if (ruidlist.count > 0) {
549 				for (elem = 0; elem < ruidlist.count; elem++)
550 					if (kp->ki_ruid ==
551 					    ruidlist.l.uids[elem])
552 						goto keepit;
553 			}
554 			if (sesslist.count > 0) {
555 				for (elem = 0; elem < sesslist.count; elem++)
556 					if (kp->ki_sid == sesslist.l.pids[elem])
557 						goto keepit;
558 			}
559 			if (ttylist.count > 0) {
560 				for (elem = 0; elem < ttylist.count; elem++)
561 					if (kp->ki_tdev == ttylist.l.ttys[elem])
562 						goto keepit;
563 			}
564 			if (uidlist.count > 0) {
565 				for (elem = 0; elem < uidlist.count; elem++)
566 					if (kp->ki_uid == uidlist.l.uids[elem])
567 						goto keepit;
568 			}
569 			/*
570 			 * This process did not match any of the user's
571 			 * selector-options, so skip the process.
572 			 */
573 			continue;
574 
575 		keepit:
576 			next_KINFO = &kinfo[nkept];
577 			next_KINFO->ki_p = kp;
578 			next_KINFO->ki_pcpu = getpcpu(next_KINFO);
579 			if (sortby == SORTMEM)
580 				next_KINFO->ki_memsize = kp->ki_tsize +
581 				    kp->ki_dsize + kp->ki_ssize;
582 			if (needuser)
583 				saveuser(next_KINFO);
584 			dynsizevars(next_KINFO);
585 			nkept++;
586 		}
587 	}
588 
589 	sizevars();
590 
591 	/*
592 	 * print header
593 	 */
594 	printheader();
595 	if (nkept == 0)
596 		exit(1);
597 
598 	/*
599 	 * sort proc list
600 	 */
601 	qsort(kinfo, nkept, sizeof(KINFO), pscomp);
602 	/*
603 	 * For each process, call each variable output function.
604 	 */
605 	for (i = lineno = 0; i < nkept; i++) {
606 		STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
607 			(vent->var->oproc)(&kinfo[i], vent);
608 			if (STAILQ_NEXT(vent, next_ve) != NULL)
609 				(void)putchar(' ');
610 		}
611 		(void)putchar('\n');
612 		if (prtheader && lineno++ == prtheader - 4) {
613 			(void)putchar('\n');
614 			printheader();
615 			lineno = 0;
616 		}
617 	}
618 	free_list(&gidlist);
619 	free_list(&pidlist);
620 	free_list(&pgrplist);
621 	free_list(&ruidlist);
622 	free_list(&sesslist);
623 	free_list(&ttylist);
624 	free_list(&uidlist);
625 
626 	exit(eval);
627 }
628 
629 static int
630 addelem_gid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
631 {
632 	struct group *grp;
633 	const char *nameorID;
634 	char *endp;
635 	u_long bigtemp;
636 
637 	if (*elem == '\0' || strlen(elem) >= MAXLOGNAME) {
638 		if (*elem == '\0')
639 			warnx("Invalid (zero-length) %s name", inf->lname);
640 		else
641 			warnx("%s name too long: %s", inf->lname, elem);
642 		optfatal = 1;
643 		return (0);		/* Do not add this value. */
644 	}
645 
646 	/*
647 	 * SUSv3 states that `ps -G grouplist' should match "real-group
648 	 * ID numbers", and does not mention group-names.  I do want to
649 	 * also support group-names, so this tries for a group-id first,
650 	 * and only tries for a name if that doesn't work.  This is the
651 	 * opposite order of what is done in addelem_uid(), but in
652 	 * practice the order would only matter for group-names which
653 	 * are all-numeric.
654 	 */
655 	grp = NULL;
656 	nameorID = "named";
657 	errno = 0;
658 	bigtemp = strtoul(elem, &endp, 10);
659 	if (errno == 0 && *endp == '\0' && bigtemp <= GID_MAX) {
660 		nameorID = "name or ID matches";
661 		grp = getgrgid((gid_t)bigtemp);
662 	}
663 	if (grp == NULL)
664 		grp = getgrnam(elem);
665 	if (grp == NULL) {
666 		warnx("No %s %s '%s'", inf->lname, nameorID, elem);
667 		optfatal = 1;
668 		return (0);
669 	}
670 	if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
671 		expand_list(inf);
672 	inf->l.gids[(inf->count)++] = grp->gr_gid;
673 	return (1);
674 }
675 
676 #define	BSD_PID_MAX	99999		/* Copy of PID_MAX from sys/proc.h. */
677 static int
678 addelem_pid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
679 {
680 	char *endp;
681 	long tempid;
682 
683 	if (*elem == '\0') {
684 		warnx("Invalid (zero-length) process id");
685 		optfatal = 1;
686 		return (0);		/* Do not add this value. */
687 	}
688 
689 	errno = 0;
690 	tempid = strtol(elem, &endp, 10);
691 	if (*endp != '\0' || tempid < 0 || elem == endp) {
692 		warnx("Invalid %s: %s", inf->lname, elem);
693 		errno = ERANGE;
694 	} else if (errno != 0 || tempid > BSD_PID_MAX) {
695 		warnx("%s too large: %s", inf->lname, elem);
696 		errno = ERANGE;
697 	}
698 	if (errno == ERANGE) {
699 		optfatal = 1;
700 		return (0);
701 	}
702 	if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
703 		expand_list(inf);
704 	inf->l.pids[(inf->count)++] = tempid;
705 	return (1);
706 }
707 #undef	BSD_PID_MAX
708 
709 /*-
710  * The user can specify a device via one of three formats:
711  *     1) fully qualified, e.g.:     /dev/ttyp0 /dev/console	/dev/pts/0
712  *     2) missing "/dev", e.g.:      ttyp0      console		pts/0
713  *     3) two-letters, e.g.:         p0         co		0
714  *        (matching letters that would be seen in the "TT" column)
715  */
716 static int
717 addelem_tty(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
718 {
719 	const char *ttypath;
720 	struct stat sb;
721 	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX], pathbuf2[PATH_MAX], pathbuf3[PATH_MAX];
722 
723 	ttypath = NULL;
724 	pathbuf2[0] = '\0';
725 	pathbuf3[0] = '\0';
726 	switch (*elem) {
727 	case '/':
728 		ttypath = elem;
729 		break;
730 	case 'c':
731 		if (strcmp(elem, "co") == 0) {
732 			ttypath = _PATH_CONSOLE;
733 			break;
734 		}
735 		/* FALLTHROUGH */
736 	default:
737 		strlcpy(pathbuf, _PATH_DEV, sizeof(pathbuf));
738 		strlcat(pathbuf, elem, sizeof(pathbuf));
739 		ttypath = pathbuf;
740 		if (strncmp(pathbuf, _PATH_TTY, strlen(_PATH_TTY)) == 0)
741 			break;
742 		if (strncmp(pathbuf, _PATH_PTS, strlen(_PATH_PTS)) == 0)
743 			break;
744 		if (strcmp(pathbuf, _PATH_CONSOLE) == 0)
745 			break;
746 		/* Check to see if /dev/tty${elem} exists */
747 		strlcpy(pathbuf2, _PATH_TTY, sizeof(pathbuf2));
748 		strlcat(pathbuf2, elem, sizeof(pathbuf2));
749 		if (stat(pathbuf2, &sb) == 0 && S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
750 			/* No need to repeat stat() && S_ISCHR() checks */
751 			ttypath = NULL;
752 			break;
753 		}
754 		/* Check to see if /dev/pts/${elem} exists */
755 		strlcpy(pathbuf3, _PATH_PTS, sizeof(pathbuf3));
756 		strlcat(pathbuf3, elem, sizeof(pathbuf3));
757 		if (stat(pathbuf3, &sb) == 0 && S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
758 			/* No need to repeat stat() && S_ISCHR() checks */
759 			ttypath = NULL;
760 			break;
761 		}
762 		break;
763 	}
764 	if (ttypath) {
765 		if (stat(ttypath, &sb) == -1) {
766 			if (pathbuf3[0] != '\0')
767 				warn("%s, %s, and %s", pathbuf3, pathbuf2,
768 				    ttypath);
769 			else
770 				warn("%s", ttypath);
771 			optfatal = 1;
772 			return (0);
773 		}
774 		if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) {
775 			if (pathbuf3[0] != '\0')
776 				warnx("%s, %s, and %s: Not a terminal",
777 				    pathbuf3, pathbuf2, ttypath);
778 			else
779 				warnx("%s: Not a terminal", ttypath);
780 			optfatal = 1;
781 			return (0);
782 		}
783 	}
784 	if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
785 		expand_list(inf);
786 	inf->l.ttys[(inf->count)++] = sb.st_rdev;
787 	return (1);
788 }
789 
790 static int
791 addelem_uid(struct listinfo *inf, const char *elem)
792 {
793 	struct passwd *pwd;
794 	char *endp;
795 	u_long bigtemp;
796 
797 	if (*elem == '\0' || strlen(elem) >= MAXLOGNAME) {
798 		if (*elem == '\0')
799 			warnx("Invalid (zero-length) %s name", inf->lname);
800 		else
801 			warnx("%s name too long: %s", inf->lname, elem);
802 		optfatal = 1;
803 		return (0);		/* Do not add this value. */
804 	}
805 
806 	pwd = getpwnam(elem);
807 	if (pwd == NULL) {
808 		errno = 0;
809 		bigtemp = strtoul(elem, &endp, 10);
810 		if (errno != 0 || *endp != '\0' || bigtemp > UID_MAX)
811 			warnx("No %s named '%s'", inf->lname, elem);
812 		else {
813 			/* The string is all digits, so it might be a userID. */
814 			pwd = getpwuid((uid_t)bigtemp);
815 			if (pwd == NULL)
816 				warnx("No %s name or ID matches '%s'",
817 				    inf->lname, elem);
818 		}
819 	}
820 	if (pwd == NULL) {
821 		/*
822 		 * These used to be treated as minor warnings (and the
823 		 * option was simply ignored), but now they are fatal
824 		 * errors (and the command will be aborted).
825 		 */
826 		optfatal = 1;
827 		return (0);
828 	}
829 	if (inf->count >= inf->maxcount)
830 		expand_list(inf);
831 	inf->l.uids[(inf->count)++] = pwd->pw_uid;
832 	return (1);
833 }
834 
835 static void
836 add_list(struct listinfo *inf, const char *argp)
837 {
838 	const char *savep;
839 	char *cp, *endp;
840 	int toolong;
841 	char elemcopy[PATH_MAX];
842 
843 	if (*argp == 0)
844 		inf->addelem(inf, elemcopy);
845 	while (*argp != '\0') {
846 		while (*argp != '\0' && strchr(W_SEP, *argp) != NULL)
847 			argp++;
848 		savep = argp;
849 		toolong = 0;
850 		cp = elemcopy;
851 		if (strchr(T_SEP, *argp) == NULL) {
852 			endp = elemcopy + sizeof(elemcopy) - 1;
853 			while (*argp != '\0' && cp <= endp &&
854 			    strchr(W_SEP T_SEP, *argp) == NULL)
855 				*cp++ = *argp++;
856 			if (cp > endp)
857 				toolong = 1;
858 		}
859 		if (!toolong) {
860 			*cp = '\0';
861 			/*
862 			 * Add this single element to the given list.
863 			 */
864 			inf->addelem(inf, elemcopy);
865 		} else {
866 			/*
867 			 * The string is too long to copy.  Find the end
868 			 * of the string to print out the warning message.
869 			 */
870 			while (*argp != '\0' && strchr(W_SEP T_SEP,
871 			    *argp) == NULL)
872 				argp++;
873 			warnx("Value too long: %.*s", (int)(argp - savep),
874 			    savep);
875 			optfatal = 1;
876 		}
877 		/*
878 		 * Skip over any number of trailing whitespace characters,
879 		 * but only one (at most) trailing element-terminating
880 		 * character.
881 		 */
882 		while (*argp != '\0' && strchr(W_SEP, *argp) != NULL)
883 			argp++;
884 		if (*argp != '\0' && strchr(T_SEP, *argp) != NULL) {
885 			argp++;
886 			/* Catch case where string ended with a comma. */
887 			if (*argp == '\0')
888 				inf->addelem(inf, argp);
889 		}
890 	}
891 }
892 
893 static void *
894 expand_list(struct listinfo *inf)
895 {
896 	void *newlist;
897 	int newmax;
898 
899 	newmax = (inf->maxcount + 1) << 1;
900 	newlist = realloc(inf->l.ptr, newmax * inf->elemsize);
901 	if (newlist == NULL) {
902 		free(inf->l.ptr);
903 		errx(1, "realloc to %d %ss failed", newmax, inf->lname);
904 	}
905 	inf->maxcount = newmax;
906 	inf->l.ptr = newlist;
907 
908 	return (newlist);
909 }
910 
911 static void
912 free_list(struct listinfo *inf)
913 {
914 
915 	inf->count = inf->elemsize = inf->maxcount = 0;
916 	if (inf->l.ptr != NULL)
917 		free(inf->l.ptr);
918 	inf->addelem = NULL;
919 	inf->lname = NULL;
920 	inf->l.ptr = NULL;
921 }
922 
923 static void
924 init_list(struct listinfo *inf, addelem_rtn artn, int elemsize,
925     const char *lname)
926 {
927 
928 	inf->count = inf->maxcount = 0;
929 	inf->elemsize = elemsize;
930 	inf->addelem = artn;
931 	inf->lname = lname;
932 	inf->l.ptr = NULL;
933 }
934 
935 VARENT *
936 find_varentry(VAR *v)
937 {
938 	struct varent *vent;
939 
940 	STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
941 		if (strcmp(vent->var->name, v->name) == 0)
942 			return vent;
943 	}
944 	return NULL;
945 }
946 
947 static void
948 scanvars(void)
949 {
950 	struct varent *vent;
951 	VAR *v;
952 
953 	STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
954 		v = vent->var;
955 		if (v->flag & DSIZ) {
956 			v->dwidth = v->width;
957 			v->width = 0;
958 		}
959 		if (v->flag & USER)
960 			needuser = 1;
961 		if (v->flag & COMM)
962 			needcomm = 1;
963 	}
964 }
965 
966 static void
967 dynsizevars(KINFO *ki)
968 {
969 	struct varent *vent;
970 	VAR *v;
971 	int i;
972 
973 	STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
974 		v = vent->var;
975 		if (!(v->flag & DSIZ))
976 			continue;
977 		i = (v->sproc)( ki);
978 		if (v->width < i)
979 			v->width = i;
980 		if (v->width > v->dwidth)
981 			v->width = v->dwidth;
982 	}
983 }
984 
985 static void
986 sizevars(void)
987 {
988 	struct varent *vent;
989 	VAR *v;
990 	int i;
991 
992 	STAILQ_FOREACH(vent, &varlist, next_ve) {
993 		v = vent->var;
994 		i = strlen(vent->header);
995 		if (v->width < i)
996 			v->width = i;
997 		totwidth += v->width + 1;	/* +1 for space */
998 	}
999 	totwidth--;
1000 }
1001 
1002 static const char *
1003 fmt(char **(*fn)(kvm_t *, const struct kinfo_proc *, int), KINFO *ki,
1004     char *comm, int maxlen)
1005 {
1006 	const char *s;
1007 
1008 	s = fmt_argv((*fn)(kd, ki->ki_p, termwidth), comm, maxlen);
1009 	return (s);
1010 }
1011 
1012 #define UREADOK(ki)	(forceuread || (ki->ki_p->ki_flag & P_INMEM))
1013 
1014 static void
1015 saveuser(KINFO *ki)
1016 {
1017 
1018 	if (ki->ki_p->ki_flag & P_INMEM) {
1019 		/*
1020 		 * The u-area might be swapped out, and we can't get
1021 		 * at it because we have a crashdump and no swap.
1022 		 * If it's here fill in these fields, otherwise, just
1023 		 * leave them 0.
1024 		 */
1025 		ki->ki_valid = 1;
1026 	} else
1027 		ki->ki_valid = 0;
1028 	/*
1029 	 * save arguments if needed
1030 	 */
1031 	if (needcomm) {
1032 		if (ki->ki_p->ki_stat == SZOMB)
1033 			ki->ki_args = strdup("<defunct>");
1034 		else if (UREADOK(ki) || (ki->ki_p->ki_args != NULL))
1035 			ki->ki_args = strdup(fmt(kvm_getargv, ki,
1036 			    ki->ki_p->ki_comm, MAXCOMLEN));
1037 		else
1038 			asprintf(&ki->ki_args, "(%s)", ki->ki_p->ki_comm);
1039 		if (ki->ki_args == NULL)
1040 			errx(1, "malloc failed");
1041 	} else {
1042 		ki->ki_args = NULL;
1043 	}
1044 	if (needenv) {
1045 		if (UREADOK(ki))
1046 			ki->ki_env = strdup(fmt(kvm_getenvv, ki,
1047 			    (char *)NULL, 0));
1048 		else
1049 			ki->ki_env = strdup("()");
1050 		if (ki->ki_env == NULL)
1051 			errx(1, "malloc failed");
1052 	} else {
1053 		ki->ki_env = NULL;
1054 	}
1055 }
1056 
1057 /* A macro used to improve the readability of pscomp(). */
1058 #define	DIFF_RETURN(a, b, field) do {	\
1059 	if ((a)->field != (b)->field)	\
1060 		return (((a)->field < (b)->field) ? -1 : 1); 	\
1061 } while (0)
1062 
1063 static int
1064 pscomp(const void *a, const void *b)
1065 {
1066 	const KINFO *ka, *kb;
1067 
1068 	ka = a;
1069 	kb = b;
1070 	/* SORTCPU and SORTMEM are sorted in descending order. */
1071 	if (sortby == SORTCPU)
1072 		DIFF_RETURN(kb, ka, ki_pcpu);
1073 	if (sortby == SORTMEM)
1074 		DIFF_RETURN(kb, ka, ki_memsize);
1075 	/*
1076 	 * TTY's are sorted in ascending order, except that all NODEV
1077 	 * processes come before all processes with a device.
1078 	 */
1079 	if (ka->ki_p->ki_tdev != kb->ki_p->ki_tdev) {
1080 		if (ka->ki_p->ki_tdev == NODEV)
1081 			return (-1);
1082 		if (kb->ki_p->ki_tdev == NODEV)
1083 			return (1);
1084 		DIFF_RETURN(ka, kb, ki_p->ki_tdev);
1085 	}
1086 
1087 	/* PID's and TID's (threads) are sorted in ascending order. */
1088 	DIFF_RETURN(ka, kb, ki_p->ki_pid);
1089 	DIFF_RETURN(ka, kb, ki_p->ki_tid);
1090 	return (0);
1091 }
1092 #undef DIFF_RETURN
1093 
1094 /*
1095  * ICK (all for getopt), would rather hide the ugliness
1096  * here than taint the main code.
1097  *
1098  *  ps foo -> ps -foo
1099  *  ps 34 -> ps -p34
1100  *
1101  * The old convention that 't' with no trailing tty arg means the users
1102  * tty, is only supported if argv[1] doesn't begin with a '-'.  This same
1103  * feature is available with the option 'T', which takes no argument.
1104  */
1105 static char *
1106 kludge_oldps_options(const char *optlist, char *origval, const char *nextarg)
1107 {
1108 	size_t len;
1109 	char *argp, *cp, *newopts, *ns, *optp, *pidp;
1110 
1111 	/*
1112 	 * See if the original value includes any option which takes an
1113 	 * argument (and will thus use up the remainder of the string).
1114 	 */
1115 	argp = NULL;
1116 	if (optlist != NULL) {
1117 		for (cp = origval; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1118 			optp = strchr(optlist, *cp);
1119 			if ((optp != NULL) && *(optp + 1) == ':') {
1120 				argp = cp;
1121 				break;
1122 			}
1123 		}
1124 	}
1125 	if (argp != NULL && *origval == '-')
1126 		return (origval);
1127 
1128 	/*
1129 	 * if last letter is a 't' flag with no argument (in the context
1130 	 * of the oldps options -- option string NOT starting with a '-' --
1131 	 * then convert to 'T' (meaning *this* terminal, i.e. ttyname(0)).
1132 	 *
1133 	 * However, if a flag accepting a string argument is found earlier
1134 	 * in the option string (including a possible `t' flag), then the
1135 	 * remainder of the string must be the argument to that flag; so
1136 	 * do not modify that argument.  Note that a trailing `t' would
1137 	 * cause argp to be set, if argp was not already set by some
1138 	 * earlier option.
1139 	 */
1140 	len = strlen(origval);
1141 	cp = origval + len - 1;
1142 	pidp = NULL;
1143 	if (*cp == 't' && *origval != '-' && cp == argp) {
1144 		if (nextarg == NULL || *nextarg == '-' || isdigitch(*nextarg))
1145 			*cp = 'T';
1146 	} else if (argp == NULL) {
1147 		/*
1148 		 * The original value did not include any option which takes
1149 		 * an argument (and that would include `p' and `t'), so check
1150 		 * the value for trailing number, or comma-separated list of
1151 		 * numbers, which we will treat as a pid request.
1152 		 */
1153 		if (isdigitch(*cp)) {
1154 			while (cp >= origval && (*cp == ',' || isdigitch(*cp)))
1155 				--cp;
1156 			pidp = cp + 1;
1157 		}
1158 	}
1159 
1160 	/*
1161 	 * If nothing needs to be added to the string, then return
1162 	 * the "original" (although possibly modified) value.
1163 	 */
1164 	if (*origval == '-' && pidp == NULL)
1165 		return (origval);
1166 
1167 	/*
1168 	 * Create a copy of the string to add '-' and/or 'p' to the
1169 	 * original value.
1170 	 */
1171 	if ((newopts = ns = malloc(len + 3)) == NULL)
1172 		errx(1, "malloc failed");
1173 
1174 	if (*origval != '-')
1175 		*ns++ = '-';	/* add option flag */
1176 
1177 	if (pidp == NULL)
1178 		strcpy(ns, origval);
1179 	else {
1180 		/*
1181 		 * Copy everything before the pid string, add the `p',
1182 		 * and then copy the pid string.
1183 		 */
1184 		len = pidp - origval;
1185 		memcpy(ns, origval, len);
1186 		ns += len;
1187 		*ns++ = 'p';
1188 		strcpy(ns, pidp);
1189 	}
1190 
1191 	return (newopts);
1192 }
1193 
1194 static int
1195 check_procfs(void)
1196 {
1197 	struct statfs mnt;
1198 
1199 	if (statfs("/proc", &mnt) < 0)
1200 		return (0);
1201 	if (strcmp(mnt.f_fstypename, "procfs") != 0)
1202 		return (0);
1203 	return (1);
1204 }
1205 
1206 static void
1207 usage(void)
1208 {
1209 #define	SINGLE_OPTS	"[-aCce" OPT_LAZY_f "HhjlmrSTuvwXxZ]"
1210 
1211 	(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1212 	    "usage: ps " SINGLE_OPTS " [-O fmt | -o fmt] [-G gid[,gid...]]",
1213 	    "          [-M core] [-N system]",
1214 	    "          [-p pid[,pid...]] [-t tty[,tty...]] [-U user[,user...]]",
1215 	    "       ps [-L]");
1216 	exit(1);
1217 }
1218