xref: /freebsd/bin/ls/ls.c (revision 5521ff5a4d1929056e7ffc982fac3341ca54df7c)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993, 1994
3  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6  * Michael Fischbein.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
17  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
18  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
19  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
20  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
21  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
22  *    without specific prior written permission.
23  *
24  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
25  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
26  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
27  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
28  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
29  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
30  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
31  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
32  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
33  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34  * SUCH DAMAGE.
35  */
36 
37 #ifndef lint
38 static const char copyright[] =
39 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
40 	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
41 #endif /* not lint */
42 
43 #ifndef lint
44 #if 0
45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ls.c	8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
46 #else
47 static const char rcsid[] =
48   "$FreeBSD$";
49 #endif
50 #endif /* not lint */
51 
52 #include <sys/types.h>
53 #include <sys/stat.h>
54 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
55 
56 #include <dirent.h>
57 #include <err.h>
58 #include <errno.h>
59 #include <fts.h>
60 #include <limits.h>
61 #include <locale.h>
62 #include <stdio.h>
63 #include <stdlib.h>
64 #include <string.h>
65 #include <unistd.h>
66 #ifdef COLORLS
67 #include <termcap.h>
68 #include <signal.h>
69 #endif
70 
71 #include "ls.h"
72 #include "extern.h"
73 
74 /*
75  * Upward approximation of the maximum number of characters needed to
76  * represent a value of integral type t as a string, excluding the
77  * NUL terminator, with provision for a sign.
78  */
79 #define	STRBUF_SIZEOF(t)	(1 + CHAR_BIT * sizeof(t) / 3 + 1)
80 
81 static void	 display __P((FTSENT *, FTSENT *));
82 static u_quad_t	 makenines __P((u_long));
83 static int	 mastercmp __P((const FTSENT **, const FTSENT **));
84 static void	 traverse __P((int, char **, int));
85 
86 static void (*printfcn) __P((DISPLAY *));
87 static int (*sortfcn) __P((const FTSENT *, const FTSENT *));
88 
89 long blocksize;			/* block size units */
90 int termwidth = 80;		/* default terminal width */
91 
92 /* flags */
93 int f_accesstime;		/* use time of last access */
94 int f_column;			/* columnated format */
95 int f_flags;			/* show flags associated with a file */
96 int f_inode;			/* print inode */
97 int f_kblocks;			/* print size in kilobytes */
98 int f_listdir;			/* list actual directory, not contents */
99 int f_listdot;			/* list files beginning with . */
100 int f_longform;			/* long listing format */
101 int f_nonprint;			/* show unprintables as ? */
102 int f_nosort;			/* don't sort output */
103 int f_notabs;			/* don't use tab-separated multi-col output */
104 int f_numericonly;		/* don't convert uid/gid to name */
105 int f_octal;			/* show unprintables as \xxx */
106 int f_octal_escape;		/* like f_octal but use C escapes if possible */
107 int f_recursive;		/* ls subdirectories also */
108 int f_reversesort;		/* reverse whatever sort is used */
109 int f_sectime;			/* print the real time for all files */
110 int f_singlecol;		/* use single column output */
111 int f_size;			/* list size in short listing */
112 int f_statustime;		/* use time of last mode change */
113 int f_timesort;			/* sort by time vice name */
114 int f_type;			/* add type character for non-regular files */
115 int f_whiteout;			/* show whiteout entries */
116 #ifdef COLORLS
117 int f_color;			/* add type in color for non-regular files */
118 
119 char *ansi_bgcol;		/* ANSI sequence to set background colour */
120 char *ansi_fgcol;		/* ANSI sequence to set foreground colour */
121 char *ansi_coloff;		/* ANSI sequence to reset colours */
122 #endif
123 
124 int rval;
125 
126 int
127 main(argc, argv)
128 	int argc;
129 	char *argv[];
130 {
131 	static char dot[] = ".", *dotav[] = { dot, NULL };
132 	struct winsize win;
133 	int ch, fts_options, notused;
134 	char *p;
135 
136 #ifdef COLORLS
137 	char termcapbuf[1024];		/* termcap definition buffer */
138 	char tcapbuf[512];		/* capability buffer */
139 	char *bp = tcapbuf;
140 #endif
141 
142 	(void) setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
143 
144 	/* Terminal defaults to -Cq, non-terminal defaults to -1. */
145 	if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO)) {
146 		if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &win) == -1 ||
147 		    !win.ws_col) {
148 			if ((p = getenv("COLUMNS")) != NULL)
149 				termwidth = atoi(p);
150 		}
151 		else
152 			termwidth = win.ws_col;
153 		f_column = f_nonprint = 1;
154 	} else {
155 		f_singlecol = 1;
156 		/* retrieve environment variable, in case of explicit -C */
157 		if ((p = getenv("COLUMNS")))
158 			termwidth = atoi(p);
159 	}
160 
161 	/* Root is -A automatically. */
162 	if (!getuid())
163 		f_listdot = 1;
164 
165 	fts_options = FTS_PHYSICAL;
166 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "1ABCFGHLPRTWabcdfgiklnoqrstu")) != -1) {
167 		switch (ch) {
168 		/*
169 		 * The -1, -C and -l options all override each other so shell
170 		 * aliasing works right.
171 		 */
172 		case '1':
173 			f_singlecol = 1;
174 			f_column = f_longform = 0;
175 			break;
176 		case 'B':
177 			f_nonprint = 0;
178 			f_octal = 1;
179 		        f_octal_escape = 0;
180 			break;
181 		case 'C':
182 			f_column = 1;
183 			f_longform = f_singlecol = 0;
184 			break;
185 		case 'l':
186 			f_longform = 1;
187 			f_column = f_singlecol = 0;
188 			break;
189 		/* The -c and -u options override each other. */
190 		case 'c':
191 			f_statustime = 1;
192 			f_accesstime = 0;
193 			break;
194 		case 'u':
195 			f_accesstime = 1;
196 			f_statustime = 0;
197 			break;
198 		case 'F':
199 			f_type = 1;
200 			break;
201 		case 'H':
202 		        fts_options |= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
203 			break;
204 		case 'G':
205 			setenv("CLICOLOR", "", 1);
206 			break;
207 		case 'L':
208 			fts_options &= ~FTS_PHYSICAL;
209 			fts_options |= FTS_LOGICAL;
210 			break;
211 		case 'P':
212 		        fts_options &= ~FTS_COMFOLLOW;
213 			fts_options &= ~FTS_LOGICAL;
214 			fts_options |= FTS_PHYSICAL;
215 			break;
216 		case 'R':
217 			f_recursive = 1;
218 			break;
219 		case 'a':
220 			fts_options |= FTS_SEEDOT;
221 			/* FALLTHROUGH */
222 		case 'A':
223 			f_listdot = 1;
224 			break;
225 		/* The -d option turns off the -R option. */
226 		case 'd':
227 			f_listdir = 1;
228 			f_recursive = 0;
229 			break;
230 		case 'f':
231 			f_nosort = 1;
232 			break;
233 		case 'g':		/* Compatibility with 4.3BSD. */
234 			break;
235 		case 'i':
236 			f_inode = 1;
237 			break;
238 		case 'k':
239 			f_kblocks = 1;
240 			break;
241 		case 'n':
242 			f_numericonly = 1;
243 			break;
244 		case 'o':
245 			f_flags = 1;
246 			break;
247 		case 'q':
248 			f_nonprint = 1;
249 			f_octal = 0;
250 		        f_octal_escape = 0;
251 			break;
252 		case 'r':
253 			f_reversesort = 1;
254 			break;
255 		case 's':
256 			f_size = 1;
257 			break;
258 		case 'T':
259 			f_sectime = 1;
260 			break;
261 		case 't':
262 			f_timesort = 1;
263 			break;
264 		case 'W':
265 			f_whiteout = 1;
266 			break;
267 		case 'b':
268 			f_nonprint = 0;
269 		        f_octal = 0;
270 			f_octal_escape = 1;
271 			break;
272 		default:
273 		case '?':
274 			usage();
275 		}
276 	}
277 	argc -= optind;
278 	argv += optind;
279 
280 	/* Enabling of colours is conditional on the environment. */
281 	if (getenv("CLICOLOR") &&
282 	    (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) || getenv("CLICOLOR_FORCE")))
283 #ifdef COLORLS
284 		if (tgetent(termcapbuf, getenv("TERM")) == 1) {
285 			ansi_fgcol = tgetstr("AF", &bp);
286 			ansi_bgcol = tgetstr("AB", &bp);
287 
288 			/* To switch colours off use 'op' if
289 			 * available, otherwise use 'oc', or
290 			 * don't do colours at all. */
291 			ansi_coloff = tgetstr("op", &bp);
292 			if (!ansi_coloff)
293 				ansi_coloff = tgetstr("oc", &bp);
294 			if (ansi_fgcol && ansi_bgcol && ansi_coloff)
295 				f_color = 1;
296 		}
297 #else
298 		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Color support not compiled in.\n");
299 #endif /*COLORLS*/
300 
301 #ifdef COLORLS
302 	if (f_color) {
303 		/*
304 		 * We can't put tabs and color sequences together:
305 		 * column number will be incremented incorrectly
306 		 * for "stty oxtabs" mode.
307 		 */
308 		f_notabs = 1;
309 		(void) signal(SIGINT, colorquit);
310 		(void) signal(SIGQUIT, colorquit);
311 		parsecolors(getenv("LSCOLORS"));
312 	}
313 #endif
314 
315 	/*
316 	 * If not -F, -i, -l, -s or -t options, don't require stat
317 	 * information, unless in color mode in which case we do
318 	 * need this to determine which colors to display.
319 	 */
320 	if (!f_inode && !f_longform && !f_size && !f_timesort && !f_type
321 #ifdef COLORLS
322 	    && !f_color
323 #endif
324 	   )
325 		fts_options |= FTS_NOSTAT;
326 
327 	/*
328 	 * If not -F, -d or -l options, follow any symbolic links listed on
329 	 * the command line.
330 	 */
331 	if (!f_longform && !f_listdir && !f_type)
332 		fts_options |= FTS_COMFOLLOW;
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * If -W, show whiteout entries
336 	 */
337 #ifdef FTS_WHITEOUT
338 	if (f_whiteout)
339 		fts_options |= FTS_WHITEOUT;
340 #endif
341 
342 	/* If -l or -s, figure out block size. */
343 	if (f_longform || f_size) {
344 		if (f_kblocks)
345 			blocksize = 2;
346 		else {
347 			(void)getbsize(&notused, &blocksize);
348 			blocksize /= 512;
349 		}
350 	}
351 
352 	/* Select a sort function. */
353 	if (f_reversesort) {
354 		if (!f_timesort)
355 			sortfcn = revnamecmp;
356 		else if (f_accesstime)
357 			sortfcn = revacccmp;
358 		else if (f_statustime)
359 			sortfcn = revstatcmp;
360 		else /* Use modification time. */
361 			sortfcn = revmodcmp;
362 	} else {
363 		if (!f_timesort)
364 			sortfcn = namecmp;
365 		else if (f_accesstime)
366 			sortfcn = acccmp;
367 		else if (f_statustime)
368 			sortfcn = statcmp;
369 		else /* Use modification time. */
370 			sortfcn = modcmp;
371 	}
372 
373 	/* Select a print function. */
374 	if (f_singlecol)
375 		printfcn = printscol;
376 	else if (f_longform)
377 		printfcn = printlong;
378 	else
379 		printfcn = printcol;
380 
381 	if (argc)
382 		traverse(argc, argv, fts_options);
383 	else
384 		traverse(1, dotav, fts_options);
385 	exit(rval);
386 }
387 
388 static int output;			/* If anything output. */
389 
390 /*
391  * Traverse() walks the logical directory structure specified by the argv list
392  * in the order specified by the mastercmp() comparison function.  During the
393  * traversal it passes linked lists of structures to display() which represent
394  * a superset (may be exact set) of the files to be displayed.
395  */
396 static void
397 traverse(argc, argv, options)
398 	int argc, options;
399 	char *argv[];
400 {
401 	FTS *ftsp;
402 	FTSENT *p, *chp;
403 	int ch_options;
404 
405 	if ((ftsp =
406 	    fts_open(argv, options, f_nosort ? NULL : mastercmp)) == NULL)
407 		err(1, NULL);
408 
409 	display(NULL, fts_children(ftsp, 0));
410 	if (f_listdir)
411 		return;
412 
413 	/*
414 	 * If not recursing down this tree and don't need stat info, just get
415 	 * the names.
416 	 */
417 	ch_options = !f_recursive && options & FTS_NOSTAT ? FTS_NAMEONLY : 0;
418 
419 	while ((p = fts_read(ftsp)) != NULL)
420 		switch (p->fts_info) {
421 		case FTS_DC:
422 			warnx("%s: directory causes a cycle", p->fts_name);
423 			break;
424 		case FTS_DNR:
425 		case FTS_ERR:
426 			warnx("%s: %s", p->fts_name, strerror(p->fts_errno));
427 			rval = 1;
428 			break;
429 		case FTS_D:
430 			if (p->fts_level != FTS_ROOTLEVEL &&
431 			    p->fts_name[0] == '.' && !f_listdot)
432 				break;
433 
434 			/*
435 			 * If already output something, put out a newline as
436 			 * a separator.  If multiple arguments, precede each
437 			 * directory with its name.
438 			 */
439 			if (output)
440 				(void)printf("\n%s:\n", p->fts_path);
441 			else if (argc > 1) {
442 				(void)printf("%s:\n", p->fts_path);
443 				output = 1;
444 			}
445 
446 			chp = fts_children(ftsp, ch_options);
447 			display(p, chp);
448 
449 			if (!f_recursive && chp != NULL)
450 				(void)fts_set(ftsp, p, FTS_SKIP);
451 			break;
452 		}
453 	if (errno)
454 		err(1, "fts_read");
455 }
456 
457 /*
458  * Display() takes a linked list of FTSENT structures and passes the list
459  * along with any other necessary information to the print function.  P
460  * points to the parent directory of the display list.
461  */
462 static void
463 display(p, list)
464 	FTSENT *p, *list;
465 {
466 	struct stat *sp;
467 	DISPLAY d;
468 	FTSENT *cur;
469 	NAMES *np;
470 	u_quad_t maxsize;
471 	u_long btotal, maxblock, maxinode, maxlen, maxnlink;
472 	int bcfile, flen, glen, ulen, maxflags, maxgroup, maxuser;
473 	char *initmax;
474 	int entries, needstats;
475 	char *user, *group, *flags;
476 	char buf[STRBUF_SIZEOF(u_quad_t) + 1];
477 	char ngroup[STRBUF_SIZEOF(uid_t) + 1];
478 	char nuser[STRBUF_SIZEOF(gid_t) + 1];
479 
480 	/*
481 	 * If list is NULL there are two possibilities: that the parent
482 	 * directory p has no children, or that fts_children() returned an
483 	 * error.  We ignore the error case since it will be replicated
484 	 * on the next call to fts_read() on the post-order visit to the
485 	 * directory p, and will be signaled in traverse().
486 	 */
487 	if (list == NULL)
488 		return;
489 
490 	needstats = f_inode || f_longform || f_size;
491 	flen = 0;
492 	btotal = 0;
493 	initmax = getenv("LS_COLWIDTHS");
494 	/* Fields match -lios order.  New ones should be added at the end. */
495 	if (initmax != NULL && *initmax != '\0') {
496 		char *initmax2, *jinitmax;
497 		int ninitmax;
498 
499 		/* Fill-in "::" as "0:0:0" for the sake of scanf. */
500 		jinitmax = initmax2 = malloc(strlen(initmax) * 2 + 2);
501 		if (jinitmax == NULL)
502 			err(1, NULL);
503 		if (*initmax == ':')
504 			strcpy(initmax2, "0:"), initmax2 += 2;
505 		else
506 			*initmax2++ = *initmax, *initmax2 = '\0';
507 		for (initmax++; *initmax != '\0'; initmax++) {
508 			if (initmax[-1] == ':' && initmax[0] == ':') {
509 				*initmax2++ = '0';
510 				*initmax2++ = initmax[0];
511 				initmax2[1] = '\0';
512 			} else {
513 				*initmax2++ = initmax[0];
514 				initmax2[1] = '\0';
515 			}
516 		}
517 		if (initmax2[-1] == ':') strcpy(initmax2, "0");
518 
519 		ninitmax = sscanf(jinitmax,
520 		    " %lu : %lu : %lu : %i : %i : %i : %qu : %lu ",
521 		    &maxinode, &maxblock, &maxnlink, &maxuser,
522 		    &maxgroup, &maxflags, &maxsize, &maxlen);
523 		f_notabs = 1;
524 		switch (ninitmax) {
525 		 case 0: maxinode = 0;
526 		 case 1: maxblock = 0;
527 		 case 2: maxnlink = 0;
528 		 case 3: maxuser  = 0;
529 		 case 4: maxgroup = 0;
530 		 case 5: maxflags = 0;
531 		 case 6: maxsize  = 0;
532 		 case 7: maxlen   = 0;
533 #ifdef COLORLS
534 		 if (!f_color)
535 #endif
536 			 f_notabs = 0;
537 		}
538 		maxinode = makenines(maxinode);
539 		maxblock = makenines(maxblock);
540 		maxnlink = makenines(maxnlink);
541 		maxsize = makenines(maxsize);
542 	} else if (initmax == NULL || *initmax == '\0')
543 		maxblock = maxinode = maxlen = maxnlink =
544 		    maxuser = maxgroup = maxflags = maxsize = 0;
545 	bcfile = 0;
546 	flags = NULL;
547 	for (cur = list, entries = 0; cur; cur = cur->fts_link) {
548 		if (cur->fts_info == FTS_ERR || cur->fts_info == FTS_NS) {
549 			warnx("%s: %s",
550 			    cur->fts_name, strerror(cur->fts_errno));
551 			cur->fts_number = NO_PRINT;
552 			rval = 1;
553 			continue;
554 		}
555 
556 		/*
557 		 * P is NULL if list is the argv list, to which different rules
558 		 * apply.
559 		 */
560 		if (p == NULL) {
561 			/* Directories will be displayed later. */
562 			if (cur->fts_info == FTS_D && !f_listdir) {
563 				cur->fts_number = NO_PRINT;
564 				continue;
565 			}
566 		} else {
567 			/* Only display dot file if -a/-A set. */
568 			if (cur->fts_name[0] == '.' && !f_listdot) {
569 				cur->fts_number = NO_PRINT;
570 				continue;
571 			}
572 		}
573 		if (cur->fts_namelen > maxlen)
574 			maxlen = cur->fts_namelen;
575 		if (f_octal || f_octal_escape) {
576 		        int t = len_octal(cur->fts_name, cur->fts_namelen);
577 			if (t > maxlen) maxlen = t;
578 		}
579 		if (needstats) {
580 			sp = cur->fts_statp;
581 			if (sp->st_blocks > maxblock)
582 				maxblock = sp->st_blocks;
583 			if (sp->st_ino > maxinode)
584 				maxinode = sp->st_ino;
585 			if (sp->st_nlink > maxnlink)
586 				maxnlink = sp->st_nlink;
587 			if (sp->st_size > maxsize)
588 				maxsize = sp->st_size;
589 
590 			btotal += sp->st_blocks;
591 			if (f_longform) {
592 				if (f_numericonly) {
593 					(void)snprintf(nuser, sizeof(nuser),
594 					    "%u", sp->st_uid);
595 					(void)snprintf(ngroup, sizeof(ngroup),
596 					    "%u", sp->st_gid);
597 					user = nuser;
598 					group = ngroup;
599 				} else {
600 					user = user_from_uid(sp->st_uid, 0);
601 					group = group_from_gid(sp->st_gid, 0);
602 				}
603 				if ((ulen = strlen(user)) > maxuser)
604 					maxuser = ulen;
605 				if ((glen = strlen(group)) > maxgroup)
606 					maxgroup = glen;
607 				if (f_flags) {
608 					flags = fflagstostr(sp->st_flags);
609 					if (flags != NULL && *flags == '\0') {
610 						free(flags);
611 						flags = strdup("-");
612 					}
613 					if (flags == NULL)
614 						err(1, NULL);
615 					if ((flen = strlen(flags)) > maxflags)
616 						maxflags = flen;
617 				} else
618 					flen = 0;
619 
620 				if ((np = malloc(sizeof(NAMES) +
621 				    ulen + glen + flen + 3)) == NULL)
622 					err(1, NULL);
623 
624 				np->user = &np->data[0];
625 				(void)strcpy(np->user, user);
626 				np->group = &np->data[ulen + 1];
627 				(void)strcpy(np->group, group);
628 
629 				if (S_ISCHR(sp->st_mode) ||
630 				    S_ISBLK(sp->st_mode))
631 					bcfile = 1;
632 
633 				if (f_flags) {
634 					np->flags = &np->data[ulen + glen + 2];
635 				  	(void)strcpy(np->flags, flags);
636 					free(flags);
637 				}
638 				cur->fts_pointer = np;
639 			}
640 		}
641 		++entries;
642 	}
643 
644 	if (!entries)
645 		return;
646 
647 	d.list = list;
648 	d.entries = entries;
649 	d.maxlen = maxlen;
650 	if (needstats) {
651 		d.bcfile = bcfile;
652 		d.btotal = btotal;
653 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", maxblock);
654 		d.s_block = strlen(buf);
655 		d.s_flags = maxflags;
656 		d.s_group = maxgroup;
657 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", maxinode);
658 		d.s_inode = strlen(buf);
659 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", maxnlink);
660 		d.s_nlink = strlen(buf);
661 		(void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%qu", maxsize);
662 		d.s_size = strlen(buf);
663 		d.s_user = maxuser;
664 	}
665 
666 	printfcn(&d);
667 	output = 1;
668 
669 	if (f_longform)
670 		for (cur = list; cur; cur = cur->fts_link)
671 			free(cur->fts_pointer);
672 }
673 
674 /*
675  * Ordering for mastercmp:
676  * If ordering the argv (fts_level = FTS_ROOTLEVEL) return non-directories
677  * as larger than directories.  Within either group, use the sort function.
678  * All other levels use the sort function.  Error entries remain unsorted.
679  */
680 static int
681 mastercmp(a, b)
682 	const FTSENT **a, **b;
683 {
684 	int a_info, b_info;
685 
686 	a_info = (*a)->fts_info;
687 	if (a_info == FTS_ERR)
688 		return (0);
689 	b_info = (*b)->fts_info;
690 	if (b_info == FTS_ERR)
691 		return (0);
692 
693 	if (a_info == FTS_NS || b_info == FTS_NS)
694 		return (namecmp(*a, *b));
695 
696 	if (a_info != b_info &&
697 	    (*a)->fts_level == FTS_ROOTLEVEL && !f_listdir) {
698 		if (a_info == FTS_D)
699 			return (1);
700 		if (b_info == FTS_D)
701 			return (-1);
702 	}
703 	return (sortfcn(*a, *b));
704 }
705 
706 /*
707  * Makenines() returns (10**n)-1.  This is useful for converting a width
708  * into a number that wide in decimal.
709  */
710 static u_quad_t
711 makenines(n)
712 	u_long n;
713 {
714 	u_long i;
715 	u_quad_t reg;
716 
717 	reg = 1;
718 	/* Use a loop instead of pow(), since all values of n are small. */
719 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
720 		reg *= 10;
721 	reg--;
722 
723 	return reg;
724 }
725