1.\"- 2.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.Dd January 16, 2025 33.Dt LS 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm ls 37.Nd list directory contents 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl ABCFGHILPRSTUWZabcdfghiklmnopqrstuvwxy1\&, 41.Op Fl -color Ns = Ns Ar when 42.Op Fl -group-directories Ns = Ns Ar order 43.Op Fl -group-directories-first 44.Op Fl D Ar format 45.Op Ar 46.Sh DESCRIPTION 47For each operand that names a 48.Ar file 49of a type other than 50directory, 51.Nm 52displays its name as well as any requested, 53associated information. 54For each operand that names a 55.Ar file 56of type directory, 57.Nm 58displays the names of files contained 59within that directory, as well as any requested, associated 60information. 61.Pp 62If no operands are given, the contents of the current 63directory are displayed. 64If more than one operand is given, 65non-directory operands are displayed first; directory 66and non-directory operands are sorted separately and in 67lexicographical order. 68.Pp 69The following options are available: 70.Bl -tag -width indent 71.It Fl A 72Include directory entries whose names begin with a 73dot 74.Pq Sq Pa \&. 75except for 76.Pa \&. 77and 78.Pa .. . 79Automatically set for the super-user unless 80.Fl I 81is specified. 82.It Fl B 83Force printing of non-printable characters (as defined by 84.Xr ctype 3 85and current locale settings) in file names as 86.Li \e Ns Va xxx , 87where 88.Va xxx 89is the numeric value of the character in octal. 90This option is not defined in 91.St -p1003.1-2008 . 92.It Fl C 93Force multi-column output; this is the default when output is to a terminal. 94.It Fl D Ar format 95When printing in the long 96.Pq Fl l 97format, use 98.Ar format 99to format the date and time output. 100The argument 101.Ar format 102is a string used by 103.Xr strftime 3 . 104Depending on the choice of format string, this may result in a 105different number of columns in the output. 106This option overrides the 107.Fl T 108option. 109This option is not defined in 110.St -p1003.1-2008 . 111.It Fl F 112Display a slash 113.Pq Ql / 114immediately after each pathname that is a directory, 115an asterisk 116.Pq Ql * 117after each that is executable, 118an at sign 119.Pq Ql @ 120after each symbolic link, 121an equals sign 122.Pq Ql = 123after each socket, 124a percent sign 125.Pq Ql % 126after each whiteout, 127and a vertical bar 128.Pq Ql \&| 129after each that is a 130.Tn FIFO . 131.It Fl G 132Enable colorized output. 133This option is equivalent to defining 134.Ev CLICOLOR 135or 136.Ev COLORTERM 137in the environment and setting 138.Fl -color Ns = Ns Ar auto . 139(See below.) 140This functionality can be compiled out by removing the definition of 141.Ev COLORLS . 142This option is not defined in 143.St -p1003.1-2008 . 144.It Fl H 145Symbolic links on the command line are followed. 146This option is assumed if 147none of the 148.Fl F , d , 149or 150.Fl l 151options are specified. 152.It Fl I 153Prevent 154.Fl A 155from being automatically set for the super-user. 156This option is not defined in 157.St -p1003.1-2008 . 158.It Fl L 159If argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the link references 160rather than the link itself. 161This option cancels the 162.Fl P 163option. 164.It Fl P 165If argument is a symbolic link, list the link itself rather than the 166object the link references. 167This option cancels the 168.Fl H 169and 170.Fl L 171options. 172.It Fl R 173Recursively list subdirectories encountered. 174.It Fl S 175Sort by size (largest file first) before sorting the operands in 176lexicographical order. 177.It Fl T 178When printing in the long 179.Pq Fl l 180format, display complete time information for the file, including 181month, day, hour, minute, second, and year. 182The 183.Fl D 184option gives even more control over the output format. 185This option is not defined in 186.St -p1003.1-2008 . 187.It Fl U 188Use time when file was created for sorting or printing. 189This option is not defined in 190.St -p1003.1-2008 . 191.It Fl W 192Display whiteouts when scanning directories. 193This option is not defined in 194.St -p1003.1-2008 . 195.It Fl Z 196Display each file's MAC label; see 197.Xr maclabel 7 . 198This option is not defined in 199.St -p1003.1-2008 . 200.It Fl a 201Include directory entries whose names begin with a 202dot 203.Pq Sq Pa \&. . 204.It Fl b 205As 206.Fl B , 207but use 208.Tn C 209escape codes whenever possible. 210This option is not defined in 211.St -p1003.1-2008 . 212.It Fl c 213Use time when file status was last changed for sorting or printing. 214.It Fl -color Ns = Ns Ar when 215Output colored escape sequences based on 216.Ar when , 217which may be set to either 218.Cm always , 219.Cm auto , 220or 221.Cm never . 222.Pp 223.Cm always 224will make 225.Nm 226always output color. 227If 228.Ev TERM 229is unset or set to an invalid terminal, then 230.Nm 231will fall back to explicit 232.Tn ANSI 233escape sequences without the help of 234.Xr termcap 5 . 235.Cm always 236is the default if 237.Fl -color 238is specified without an argument. 239.Pp 240.Cm auto 241will make 242.Nm 243output escape sequences based on 244.Xr termcap 5 , 245but only if 246.Dv stdout 247is a tty and either the 248.Fl G 249flag is specified or one of the environment variables 250.Ev COLORTERM 251or 252.Ev CLICOLOR 253is set and not empty. 254.Pp 255.Cm never 256will disable color regardless of environment variables. 257.Cm never 258is the default when neither 259.Fl -color 260nor 261.Fl G 262is specified. 263.Pp 264For compatibility with GNU coreutils, 265.Nm 266supports 267.Cm yes 268or 269.Cm force 270as equivalent to 271.Cm always , 272.Cm no 273or 274.Cm none 275as equivalent to 276.Cm never , 277and 278.Cm tty 279or 280.Cm if-tty 281as equivalent to 282.Cm auto . 283.It Fl d 284Directories are listed as plain files (not searched recursively). 285.It Fl f 286Output is not sorted. 287This option turns on 288.Fl a . 289It also negates the effect of the 290.Fl r , 291.Fl S 292and 293.Fl t 294options. 295As allowed by 296.St -p1003.1-2008 , 297this option has no effect on the 298.Fl d , 299.Fl l , 300.Fl R 301and 302.Fl s 303options. 304.It Fl g 305Display the long 306.Pq Fl l 307format output without the file owner's name or number. 308.It Fl -group-directories Ns = Ns Ar order 309Within results for each operand, 310group directories together and print them either 311.Cm first 312or 313.Cm last. 314.It Fl -group-directories-first 315Equivalent to 316.Fl -group-directories Ns = Ns Ar first . 317Implemented for compatibility with GNU coreutils. 318.It Fl h 319When used with the 320.Fl l 321option, use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte 322and Petabyte in order to reduce the number of digits to four or fewer 323using base 2 for sizes. 324This option is not defined in 325.St -p1003.1-2008 . 326.It Fl i 327For each file, print the file's file serial number (inode number). 328.It Fl k 329This has the same effect as setting environment variable 330.Ev BLOCKSIZE 331to 1024, except that it also nullifies any 332.Fl h 333options to its left. 334.It Fl l 335(The lowercase letter 336.Dq ell . ) 337List files in the long format, as described in the 338.Sx The Long Format 339subsection below. 340.It Fl m 341Stream output format; list files across the page, separated by commas. 342.It Fl n 343Display user and group IDs numerically rather than converting to a user 344or group name in a long 345.Pq Fl l 346output. 347.It Fl o 348Include the file flags in a long 349.Pq Fl l 350output. 351This option is incompatible with 352.St -p1003.1-2008 . 353See 354.Xr chflags 1 355for a list of file flags and their meanings. 356.It Fl p 357Write a slash 358.Pq Ql / 359after each filename if that file is a directory. 360.It Fl q 361Force printing of non-graphic characters in file names as 362the character 363.Ql \&? ; 364this is the default when output is to a terminal. 365.It Fl r 366Reverse the order of the sort. 367.It Fl s 368Display the number of blocks used in the file system by each file. 369Block sizes and directory totals are handled as described in 370.Sx The Long Format 371subsection below, except (if the long format is not also requested) 372the directory totals are not output when the output is in a 373single column, even if multi-column output is requested. 374.It Fl t 375Sort by descending time modified (most recently modified first). 376If two files have the same modification timestamp, sort their names 377in ascending lexicographical order. 378The 379.Fl r 380option reverses both of these sort orders. 381.Pp 382Note that these sort orders are contradictory: the time sequence is in 383descending order, the lexicographical sort is in ascending order. 384This behavior is mandated by 385.St -p1003.2 . 386This feature can cause problems listing files stored with sequential names on 387FAT file systems, such as from digital cameras, where it is possible to have 388more than one image with the same timestamp. 389In such a case, the photos cannot be listed in the sequence in which 390they were taken. 391To ensure the same sort order for time and for lexicographical sorting, set the 392environment variable 393.Ev LS_SAMESORT 394or use the 395.Fl y 396option. 397This causes 398.Nm 399to reverse the lexicographical sort order when sorting files with the 400same modification timestamp. 401.It Fl u 402Use time of last access, 403instead of time of last modification 404of the file for sorting 405.Pq Fl t 406or printing 407.Pq Fl l . 408.It Fl v 409Sort following a natural ordering, using 410.Xr strverscmp 3 411instead of 412.Xr strcoll 3 413as the comparison function. 414E.g., files lexicographically ordered 415"bloem1", "bloem10", and "bloem9" would instead be ordered 416"bloem1", "bloem9", and "bloem10", as one would perhaps expect. 417.It Fl w 418Force raw printing of non-printable characters. 419This is the default 420when output is not to a terminal. 421This option is not defined in 422.St -p1003.1-2001 . 423.It Fl x 424The same as 425.Fl C , 426except that the multi-column output is produced with entries sorted 427across, rather than down, the columns. 428.It Fl y 429When the 430.Fl t 431option is set, sort the alphabetical output in the same order as the time output. 432This has the same effect as setting 433.Ev LS_SAMESORT . 434See the description of the 435.Fl t 436option for more details. 437This option is not defined in 438.St -p1003.1-2001 . 439.It Fl 1 440(The numeric digit 441.Dq one . ) 442Force output to be 443one entry per line. 444This is the default when 445output is not to a terminal. 446.It Fl , 447(Comma) When the 448.Fl l 449or 450.Fl s 451option is set, print file sizes grouped and separated by thousands using the 452non-monetary separator returned by 453.Xr localeconv 3 , 454typically a comma or period. 455If no locale is set, or the locale does not have a non-monetary separator, this 456option has no effect. 457This option is not defined in 458.St -p1003.1-2001 . 459.El 460.Pp 461The 462.Fl 1 , C , x , 463and 464.Fl l 465options all override each other; the last one specified determines 466the format used. 467.Pp 468The 469.Fl c , u , 470and 471.Fl U 472options all override each other; the last one specified determines 473the file time used. 474.Pp 475The 476.Fl S , t 477and 478.Fl v 479options override each other; the last one specified determines 480the sort order used. 481.Pp 482The 483.Fl B , b , w , 484and 485.Fl q 486options all override each other; the last one specified determines 487the format used for non-printable characters. 488.Pp 489The 490.Fl H , L 491and 492.Fl P 493options all override each other (either partially or fully); they 494are applied in the order specified. 495.Pp 496By default, 497.Nm 498lists one entry per line to standard 499output; the exceptions are to terminals or when the 500.Fl C 501or 502.Fl x 503options are specified. 504.Pp 505File information is displayed with one or more 506.Ao blank Ac Ns s 507separating the information associated with the 508.Fl i , s , 509and 510.Fl l 511options. 512.Ss The Long Format 513If the 514.Fl l 515option is given, the following information 516is displayed for each file: 517file mode, 518number of links, owner name, group name, 519MAC label, 520number of bytes in the file, abbreviated 521month, day-of-month file was last modified, 522hour file last modified, minute file last 523modified, and the pathname. 524.Pp 525If the modification time of the file is more than 6 months 526in the past or future, and the 527.Fl D 528or 529.Fl T 530are not specified, 531then the year of the last modification 532is displayed in place of the hour and minute fields. 533.Pp 534If the owner or group names are not a known user or group name, 535or the 536.Fl n 537option is given, 538the numeric ID's are displayed. 539.Pp 540If the file is a character special or block special file, 541the device number for the file is displayed in the size field. 542If the file is a symbolic link the pathname of the 543linked-to file is preceded by 544.Dq Li -> . 545.Pp 546The listing of a directory's contents is preceded 547by a labeled total number of blocks used in the file system by the files 548which are listed as the directory's contents 549(which may or may not include 550.Pa \&. 551and 552.Pa .. 553and other files which start with a dot, depending on other options). 554If the 555.Fl h 556option is given, 557the total size is displayed as the number of bytes. 558.Pp 559The default block size is 512 bytes. 560The block size may be set with option 561.Fl k 562or environment variable 563.Ev BLOCKSIZE . 564Numbers of blocks in the output will have been rounded up so the 565numbers of bytes is at least as many as used by the corresponding 566file system blocks (which might have a different size). 567.Pp 568The file mode printed under the 569.Fl l 570option consists of the 571entry type and the permissions. 572The entry type character describes the type of file, as 573follows: 574.Pp 575.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact 576.It Sy \- 577Regular file. 578.It Sy b 579Block special file. 580.It Sy c 581Character special file. 582.It Sy d 583Directory. 584.It Sy l 585Symbolic link. 586.It Sy p 587.Tn FIFO . 588.It Sy s 589Socket. 590.It Sy w 591Whiteout. 592.El 593.Pp 594The next three fields 595are three characters each: 596owner permissions, 597group permissions, and 598other permissions. 599Each field has three character positions: 600.Bl -enum -offset indent 601.It 602If 603.Sy r , 604the file is readable; if 605.Sy \- , 606it is not readable. 607.It 608If 609.Sy w , 610the file is writable; if 611.Sy \- , 612it is not writable. 613.It 614The first of the following that applies: 615.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent 616.It Sy S 617If in the owner permissions, the file is not executable and 618set-user-ID mode is set. 619If in the group permissions, the file is not executable 620and set-group-ID mode is set. 621.It Sy s 622If in the owner permissions, the file is executable 623and set-user-ID mode is set. 624If in the group permissions, the file is executable 625and setgroup-ID mode is set. 626.It Sy x 627The file is executable or the directory is 628searchable. 629.It Sy \- 630The file is neither readable, writable, executable, 631nor set-user-ID nor set-group-ID mode, nor sticky. 632(See below.) 633.El 634.Pp 635These next two apply only to the third character in the last group 636(other permissions). 637.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent 638.It Sy T 639The sticky bit is set 640(mode 641.Li 1000 ) , 642but not execute or search permission. 643(See 644.Xr chmod 1 645or 646.Xr sticky 7 . ) 647.It Sy t 648The sticky bit is set (mode 649.Li 1000 ) , 650and is searchable or executable. 651(See 652.Xr chmod 1 653or 654.Xr sticky 7 . ) 655.El 656.El 657.Pp 658The next field contains a 659plus 660.Pq Ql + 661character if the file has an ACL, or a 662space 663.Pq Ql " " 664if it does not. 665The 666.Nm 667utility does not show the actual ACL; 668use 669.Xr getfacl 1 670to do this. 671.Sh ENVIRONMENT 672The following environment variables affect the execution of 673.Nm : 674.Bl -tag -width ".Ev CLICOLOR_FORCE" 675.It Ev BLOCKSIZE 676If this is set, its value, rounded up to 512 or down to a 677multiple of 512, will be used as the block size in bytes by the 678.Fl l 679and 680.Fl s 681options. 682See 683.Sx The Long Format 684subsection for more information. 685.It Ev CLICOLOR 686Use 687.Tn ANSI 688color sequences to distinguish file types. 689See 690.Ev LSCOLORS 691below. 692In addition to the file types mentioned in the 693.Fl F 694option some extra attributes (setuid bit set, etc.) are also displayed. 695The colorization is dependent on a terminal type with the proper 696.Xr termcap 5 697capabilities. 698The default 699.Dq Li cons25 700console has the proper capabilities, 701but to display the colors in an 702.Xr xterm 1 Pq Pa ports/x11/xterm , 703for example, 704the 705.Ev TERM 706variable must be set to 707.Dq Li xterm-color . 708Other terminal types may require similar adjustments. 709Colorization 710is silently disabled if the output is not directed to a terminal 711unless the 712.Ev CLICOLOR_FORCE 713variable is defined or 714.Fl -color 715is set to 716.Dq always . 717.It Ev CLICOLOR_FORCE 718Color sequences are normally disabled if the output is not directed to 719a terminal. 720This can be overridden by setting this variable. 721The 722.Ev TERM 723variable still needs to reference a color capable terminal however 724otherwise it is not possible to determine which color sequences to 725use. 726.It Ev COLORTERM 727See description for 728.Ev CLICOLOR 729above. 730.It Ev COLUMNS 731If this variable contains a string representing a 732decimal integer, it is used as the 733column position width for displaying 734multiple-text-column output. 735The 736.Nm 737utility calculates how 738many pathname text columns to display 739based on the width provided. 740(See 741.Fl C 742and 743.Fl x . ) 744.It Ev LANG 745The locale to use when determining the order of day and month in the long 746.Fl l 747format output. 748See 749.Xr environ 7 750for more information. 751.It Ev LSCOLORS 752The value of this variable describes what color to use for which 753attribute when colors are enabled with 754.Ev CLICOLOR 755or 756.Ev COLORTERM . 757This string is a concatenation of pairs of the format 758.Ar f Ns Ar b , 759where 760.Ar f 761is the foreground color and 762.Ar b 763is the background color. 764When the background color is capitalized, the text is underlined. 765.Pp 766The color designators are as follows: 767.Pp 768.Bl -tag -width 4n -offset indent -compact 769.It Sy a 770black 771.It Sy b 772red 773.It Sy c 774green 775.It Sy d 776brown 777.It Sy e 778blue 779.It Sy f 780magenta 781.It Sy g 782cyan 783.It Sy h 784light grey 785.It Sy A 786bold or underlined black, usually shows up as dark grey 787.It Sy B 788bold or underlined red 789.It Sy C 790bold or underlined green 791.It Sy D 792bold or underlined brown, usually shows up as yellow 793.It Sy E 794bold or underlined blue 795.It Sy F 796bold or underlined magenta 797.It Sy G 798bold or underlined cyan 799.It Sy H 800bold or underlined light grey; looks like bright white 801.It Sy x 802default foreground or background 803.It Sy X 804default foreground or background, with an underline or bold 805.El 806.Pp 807Note that the above are standard 808.Tn ANSI 809colors. 810The actual display may differ 811depending on the color capabilities of the terminal in use. 812.Pp 813The order of the attributes are as follows: 814.Pp 815.Bl -enum -offset indent -compact 816.It 817directory 818.It 819symbolic link 820.It 821socket 822.It 823pipe 824.It 825executable 826.It 827block special 828.It 829character special 830.It 831executable with setuid bit set 832.It 833executable with setgid bit set 834.It 835directory writable to others, with sticky bit 836.It 837directory writable to others, without sticky bit 838.El 839.Pp 840The default is 841.Qq "exfxcxdxbxegedabagacad" , 842i.e., blue foreground and 843default background for regular directories, black foreground and red 844background for setuid executables, etc. 845.It Ev LS_COLWIDTHS 846If this variable is set, it is considered to be a 847colon-delimited list of minimum column widths. 848Unreasonable 849and insufficient widths are ignored (thus zero signifies 850a dynamically sized column). 851Not all columns have changeable widths. 852The fields are, 853in order: inode, block count, number of links, user name, 854group name, flags, file size, file name. 855.It Ev LS_SAMESORT 856If this variable is set, the 857.Fl t 858option sorts the names of files with the same modification timestamp in the same 859sense as the time sort. 860See the description of the 861.Fl t 862option for more details. 863.It Ev TERM 864The 865.Ev CLICOLOR 866and 867.Ev COLORTERM 868functionality depends on a terminal type with color capabilities. 869.It Ev TZ 870The timezone to use when displaying dates. 871See 872.Xr environ 7 873for more information. 874.El 875.Sh EXIT STATUS 876.Ex -std 877.Sh EXAMPLES 878List the contents of the current working directory in long format: 879.Pp 880.Dl $ ls -l 881.Pp 882In addition to listing the contents of the current working directory in 883long format, show inode numbers, file flags (see 884.Xr chflags 1 ) , 885and suffix each filename with a symbol representing its file type: 886.Pp 887.Dl $ ls -lioF 888.Pp 889List the files in 890.Pa /var/log , 891sorting the output such that the mostly recently modified entries are 892printed first: 893.Pp 894.Dl $ ls -lt /var/log 895.Sh COMPATIBILITY 896The group field is now automatically included in the long listing for 897files in order to be compatible with the 898.St -p1003.2 899specification. 900.Sh SEE ALSO 901.Xr chflags 1 , 902.Xr chmod 1 , 903.Xr getfacl 1 , 904.Xr sort 1 , 905.Xr xterm 1 Pq Pa ports/x11/xterm , 906.Xr localeconv 3 , 907.Xr strcoll 3 , 908.Xr strftime 3 , 909.Xr strmode 3 , 910.Xr strverscmp 3 , 911.Xr termcap 5 , 912.Xr maclabel 7 , 913.Xr sticky 7 , 914.Xr symlink 7 , 915.Xr getfmac 8 916.Sh STANDARDS 917With the exception of options 918.Fl g , n 919and 920.Fl o , 921the 922.Nm 923utility conforms to 924.St -p1003.1-2001 925and 926.St -p1003.1-2008 . 927The options 928.Fl B , D , G , I , T , U , W , Z , b , h , v , w , y 929, 930.Fl , 931.Fl -color 932and 933.Fl -group-directories Ns = 934(including 935.Fl -group-directories-first ) 936are non-standard extensions. 937.Pp 938The ACL support is compatible with 939.Tn IEEE 940Std\~1003.2c 941.Pq Dq Tn POSIX Ns .2c 942Draft\~17 943(withdrawn). 944.Sh HISTORY 945An 946.Nm 947command appeared in 948.At v1 . 949.Pp 950The 951.Fl v 952option was added in 953.Fx 13.2 . 954.Sh BUGS 955To maintain backward compatibility, the relationships between the many 956options are quite complex. 957.Pp 958The exception mentioned in the 959.Fl s 960option description might be a feature that was 961based on the fact that single-column output 962usually goes to something other than a terminal. 963It is debatable whether this is a design bug. 964.Pp 965.St -p1003.2 966mandates opposite sort orders for files with the same timestamp when 967sorting with the 968.Fl t 969option. 970