1.\"- 2.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)echo.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/22/93 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd November 12, 2010 36.Dt ECHO 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm echo 40.Nd write arguments to the standard output 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl n 44.Op Ar string ... 45.Sh DESCRIPTION 46The 47.Nm 48utility writes any specified operands, separated by single blank 49.Pq Ql "\ " 50characters and followed by a newline 51.Pq Ql \en 52character, to the standard 53output. 54.Pp 55The following option is available: 56.Bl -tag -width flag 57.It Fl n 58Do not print the trailing newline character. 59.El 60.Pp 61The end-of-options marker 62.Fl Fl 63is not recognized and written literally. 64.Pp 65The newline may also be suppressed by appending 66.Ql \ec 67to the end of the string, as is done 68by iBCS2 compatible systems. 69Note that the 70.Fl n 71option as well as the effect of 72.Ql \ec 73are implementation-defined in 74.St -p1003.1-2001 75as amended by Cor.\& 1-2002. 76For portability, 77.Nm 78should only be used if the first argument does not start with a hyphen 79.Pq Ql "-" 80and does not contain any backslashes 81.Pq Ql "\e" . 82If this is not sufficient, 83.Xr printf 1 84should be used. 85.Pp 86Most shells provide a builtin 87.Nm 88command which tends to differ from this utility 89in the treatment of options and backslashes. 90Consult the 91.Xr builtin 1 92manual page. 93.Sh EXIT STATUS 94.Ex -std 95.Sh SEE ALSO 96.Xr builtin 1 , 97.Xr csh 1 , 98.Xr printf 1 , 99.Xr sh 1 100.Sh STANDARDS 101The 102.Nm 103utility conforms to 104.St -p1003.1-2001 105as amended by Cor.\& 1-2002. 106