1.\"- 2.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)echo.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/22/93 33.\" 34.Dd October 5, 2016 35.Dt ECHO 1 36.Os 37.Sh NAME 38.Nm echo 39.Nd write arguments to the standard output 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41.Nm 42.Op Fl n 43.Op Ar string ... 44.Sh DESCRIPTION 45The 46.Nm 47utility writes any specified operands, separated by single blank 48.Pq Ql "\ " 49characters and followed by a newline 50.Pq Ql \en 51character, to the standard 52output. 53.Pp 54The following option is available: 55.Bl -tag -width flag 56.It Fl n 57Do not print the trailing newline character. 58.El 59.Pp 60The end-of-options marker 61.Fl Fl 62is not recognized and written literally. 63.Pp 64The newline may also be suppressed by appending 65.Ql \ec 66to the end of the string, as is done 67by iBCS2 compatible systems. 68Note that the 69.Fl n 70option as well as the effect of 71.Ql \ec 72are implementation-defined in 73.St -p1003.1-2001 74as amended by Cor.\& 1-2002. 75For portability, 76.Nm 77should only be used if the first argument does not start with a hyphen 78.Pq Ql "-" 79and does not contain any backslashes 80.Pq Ql "\e" . 81If this is not sufficient, 82.Xr printf 1 83should be used. 84.Pp 85Most shells provide a builtin 86.Nm 87command which tends to differ from this utility 88in the treatment of options and backslashes. 89Consult the 90.Xr builtin 1 91manual page. 92.Sh EXIT STATUS 93.Ex -std 94.Sh SEE ALSO 95.Xr builtin 1 , 96.Xr csh 1 , 97.Xr printf 1 , 98.Xr sh 1 99.Sh STANDARDS 100The 101.Nm 102utility conforms to 103.St -p1003.1-2001 104as amended by Cor.\& 1-2002. 105.Sh HISTORY 106The 107.Nm 108command appeared in 109.At v2 . 110