1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34 #if 0 35 #ifndef lint 36 static char const copyright[] = 37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 38 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 39 #endif /* not lint */ 40 41 #ifndef lint 42 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 43 #endif /* not lint */ 44 #endif 45 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 46 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 47 48 #include <sys/param.h> 49 #include <sys/stat.h> 50 #include <sys/conf.h> 51 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 52 #include <sys/filio.h> 53 #include <sys/time.h> 54 55 #include <ctype.h> 56 #include <err.h> 57 #include <errno.h> 58 #include <fcntl.h> 59 #include <inttypes.h> 60 #include <locale.h> 61 #include <stdio.h> 62 #include <stdlib.h> 63 #include <string.h> 64 #include <unistd.h> 65 66 #include "dd.h" 67 #include "extern.h" 68 69 static void dd_close(void); 70 static void dd_in(void); 71 static void getfdtype(IO *); 72 static void setup(void); 73 74 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 75 STAT st; /* statistics */ 76 void (*cfunc)(void); /* conversion function */ 77 uintmax_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 78 static off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 79 u_int ddflags = 0; /* conversion options */ 80 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 81 uintmax_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 82 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 83 84 int 85 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[]) 86 { 87 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 88 jcl(argv); 89 setup(); 90 91 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 92 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 93 94 atexit(summary); 95 96 while (files_cnt--) 97 dd_in(); 98 99 dd_close(); 100 exit(0); 101 } 102 103 static int 104 parity(u_char c) 105 { 106 int i; 107 108 i = c ^ (c >> 1) ^ (c >> 2) ^ (c >> 3) ^ 109 (c >> 4) ^ (c >> 5) ^ (c >> 6) ^ (c >> 7); 110 return (i & 1); 111 } 112 113 static void 114 setup(void) 115 { 116 u_int cnt; 117 struct timeval tv; 118 119 if (in.name == NULL) { 120 in.name = "stdin"; 121 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 122 } else { 123 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 124 if (in.fd == -1) 125 err(1, "%s", in.name); 126 } 127 128 getfdtype(&in); 129 130 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 131 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 132 133 if (out.name == NULL) { 134 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 135 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 136 out.name = "stdout"; 137 } else { 138 #define OFLAGS \ 139 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 140 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 141 /* 142 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 143 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 144 * not support seeks. 145 */ 146 if (out.fd == -1) { 147 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 148 out.flags |= NOREAD; 149 } 150 if (out.fd == -1) 151 err(1, "%s", out.name); 152 } 153 154 getfdtype(&out); 155 156 /* 157 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 158 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 159 */ 160 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) { 161 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 162 err(1, "input buffer"); 163 out.db = in.db; 164 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL || 165 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL) 166 err(1, "output buffer"); 167 in.dbp = in.db; 168 out.dbp = out.db; 169 170 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 171 if (in.offset) 172 pos_in(); 173 if (out.offset) 174 pos_out(); 175 176 /* 177 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file 178 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out. 179 */ 180 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) && 181 out.flags & ISTRUNC) 182 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1) 183 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name); 184 185 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE | C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_PARITY)) { 186 if (ctab != NULL) { 187 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 188 casetab[cnt] = ctab[cnt]; 189 } else { 190 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 191 casetab[cnt] = cnt; 192 } 193 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY) && !(ddflags & C_ASCII)) { 194 /* 195 * If the input is not EBCDIC, and we do parity 196 * processing, strip input parity. 197 */ 198 for (cnt = 200; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 199 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt & 0x7f]; 200 } 201 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 202 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 203 casetab[cnt] = tolower(casetab[cnt]); 204 } else if (ddflags & C_UCASE) { 205 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 206 casetab[cnt] = toupper(casetab[cnt]); 207 } 208 if ((ddflags & C_PARITY)) { 209 /* 210 * This should strictly speaking be a no-op, but I 211 * wonder what funny LANG settings could get us. 212 */ 213 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 214 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] & 0x7f; 215 } 216 if ((ddflags & C_PARSET)) { 217 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 218 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80; 219 } 220 if ((ddflags & C_PAREVEN)) { 221 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 222 if (parity(casetab[cnt])) 223 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80; 224 } 225 if ((ddflags & C_PARODD)) { 226 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 227 if (!parity(casetab[cnt])) 228 casetab[cnt] = casetab[cnt] | 0x80; 229 } 230 231 ctab = casetab; 232 } 233 234 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 235 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 236 } 237 238 static void 239 getfdtype(IO *io) 240 { 241 struct stat sb; 242 int type; 243 244 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1) 245 err(1, "%s", io->name); 246 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 247 io->flags |= ISTRUNC; 248 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 249 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 250 err(1, "%s", io->name); 251 } else { 252 if (type & D_TAPE) 253 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 254 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) 255 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 256 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 257 io->flags |= ISCHR; 258 } 259 return; 260 } 261 errno = 0; 262 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 263 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 264 else 265 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 266 } 267 268 static void 269 dd_in(void) 270 { 271 ssize_t n; 272 273 for (;;) { 274 switch (cpy_cnt) { 275 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */ 276 return; 277 case 0: 278 break; 279 default: 280 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (uintmax_t)cpy_cnt) 281 return; 282 break; 283 } 284 285 /* 286 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations, 287 * use spaces. 288 */ 289 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 290 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 291 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 292 else 293 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 294 } 295 296 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 297 if (n == 0) { 298 in.dbrcnt = 0; 299 return; 300 } 301 302 /* Read error. */ 303 if (n == -1) { 304 /* 305 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 306 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 307 */ 308 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 309 err(1, "%s", in.name); 310 warn("%s", in.name); 311 summary(); 312 313 /* 314 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the 315 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 316 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 317 * in sector size chunks. 318 */ 319 if (in.flags & ISSEEK && 320 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 321 warn("%s", in.name); 322 323 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 324 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 325 continue; 326 327 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 328 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 329 ++st.in_full; 330 331 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 332 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) { 333 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 334 ++st.in_full; 335 336 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 337 } else { 338 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 339 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 340 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 341 else 342 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 343 ++st.in_part; 344 } 345 346 /* 347 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 348 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 349 * is output without buffering as it is read. 350 */ 351 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 352 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 353 dd_out(1); 354 in.dbcnt = 0; 355 continue; 356 } 357 358 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 359 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 360 ++st.swab; 361 --n; 362 } 363 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n); 364 } 365 366 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 367 (*cfunc)(); 368 } 369 } 370 371 /* 372 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file 373 * is truncated. 374 */ 375 static void 376 dd_close(void) 377 { 378 if (cfunc == def) 379 def_close(); 380 else if (cfunc == block) 381 block_close(); 382 else if (cfunc == unblock) 383 unblock_close(); 384 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 385 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 386 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 387 else 388 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 389 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 390 } 391 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 392 dd_out(1); 393 } 394 395 void 396 dd_out(int force) 397 { 398 u_char *outp; 399 size_t cnt, i, n; 400 ssize_t nw; 401 static int warned; 402 int sparse; 403 404 /* 405 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 406 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 407 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 408 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 409 * 410 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 411 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 412 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 413 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 414 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 415 * never happened. 416 * 417 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 418 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 419 */ 420 outp = out.db; 421 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 422 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 423 sparse = 0; 424 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 425 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 426 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 427 if (outp[i] != 0) { 428 sparse = 0; 429 break; 430 } 431 } 432 if (sparse && !force) { 433 pending += cnt; 434 nw = cnt; 435 } else { 436 if (pending != 0) { 437 if (force) 438 pending--; 439 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 440 -1) 441 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 442 out.name); 443 if (force) 444 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 445 pending = 0; 446 } 447 if (cnt) 448 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 449 else 450 return; 451 } 452 453 if (nw <= 0) { 454 if (nw == 0) 455 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 456 if (errno != EINTR) 457 err(1, "%s", out.name); 458 nw = 0; 459 } 460 outp += nw; 461 st.bytes += nw; 462 if ((size_t)nw == n) { 463 if (n != out.dbsz) 464 ++st.out_part; 465 else 466 ++st.out_full; 467 break; 468 } 469 ++st.out_part; 470 if ((size_t)nw == cnt) 471 break; 472 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 473 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", 474 out.name); 475 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 476 warned = 1; 477 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 478 out.name); 479 } 480 } 481 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 482 break; 483 } 484 485 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 486 if (out.dbcnt) 487 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 488 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 489 } 490