1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char const copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 #if 0 46 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 47 #endif 48 static const char rcsid[] = 49 "$FreeBSD$"; 50 #endif /* not lint */ 51 52 #include <sys/param.h> 53 #include <sys/stat.h> 54 #include <sys/conf.h> 55 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 56 #include <sys/filio.h> 57 58 #include <ctype.h> 59 #include <err.h> 60 #include <errno.h> 61 #include <fcntl.h> 62 #include <locale.h> 63 #include <stdio.h> 64 #include <stdlib.h> 65 #include <string.h> 66 #include <unistd.h> 67 68 #include "dd.h" 69 #include "extern.h" 70 71 static void dd_close __P((void)); 72 static void dd_in __P((void)); 73 int main __P((int, char *[])); 74 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 75 static void setup __P((void)); 76 77 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 78 STAT st; /* statistics */ 79 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 80 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 81 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 82 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 83 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 84 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 85 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 86 87 int 88 main(argc, argv) 89 int argc; 90 char *argv[]; 91 { 92 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 93 jcl(argv); 94 setup(); 95 96 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 97 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 98 99 atexit(summary); 100 101 while (files_cnt--) 102 dd_in(); 103 104 dd_close(); 105 exit(0); 106 } 107 108 static void 109 setup() 110 { 111 u_int cnt; 112 struct timeval tv; 113 114 if (in.name == NULL) { 115 in.name = "stdin"; 116 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 117 } else { 118 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 119 if (in.fd == -1) 120 err(1, "%s", in.name); 121 } 122 123 getfdtype(&in); 124 125 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 126 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 127 128 if (out.name == NULL) { 129 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 130 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 131 out.name = "stdout"; 132 } else { 133 #define OFLAGS \ 134 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 135 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 136 /* 137 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 138 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 139 * not support seeks. 140 */ 141 if (out.fd == -1) { 142 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 143 out.flags |= NOREAD; 144 } 145 if (out.fd == -1) 146 err(1, "%s", out.name); 147 } 148 149 getfdtype(&out); 150 151 /* 152 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 153 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 154 */ 155 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) { 156 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 157 err(1, "input buffer"); 158 out.db = in.db; 159 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL || 160 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL) 161 err(1, "output buffer"); 162 in.dbp = in.db; 163 out.dbp = out.db; 164 165 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 166 if (in.offset) 167 pos_in(); 168 if (out.offset) 169 pos_out(); 170 171 /* 172 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file 173 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out. 174 */ 175 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) && 176 out.flags & ISTRUNC) 177 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1) 178 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name); 179 180 /* 181 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 182 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 183 * built-in tables. 184 */ 185 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) { 186 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) { 187 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 188 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 189 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 190 } else { 191 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 192 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 193 } 194 } else { 195 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 196 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 197 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt); 198 } else { 199 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 200 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt); 201 } 202 } 203 ctab = casetab; 204 } 205 206 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 207 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 208 } 209 210 static void 211 getfdtype(io) 212 IO *io; 213 { 214 struct stat sb; 215 int type; 216 217 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1) 218 err(1, "%s", io->name); 219 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 220 io->flags |= ISTRUNC; 221 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 222 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 223 err(1, "%s", io->name); 224 } else { 225 if (type & D_TAPE) 226 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 227 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) { 228 if (type & D_DISK) { 229 const int one = 1; 230 231 (void)ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one); 232 } 233 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 234 } 235 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 236 io->flags |= ISCHR; 237 } 238 return; 239 } 240 errno = 0; 241 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 242 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 243 else 244 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 245 } 246 247 static void 248 dd_in() 249 { 250 ssize_t n; 251 252 for (;;) { 253 switch (cpy_cnt) { 254 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */ 255 return; 256 case 0: 257 break; 258 default: 259 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt) 260 return; 261 break; 262 } 263 264 /* 265 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations, 266 * use spaces. 267 */ 268 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 269 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 270 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 271 else 272 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 273 } 274 275 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 276 if (n == 0) { 277 in.dbrcnt = 0; 278 return; 279 } 280 281 /* Read error. */ 282 if (n == -1) { 283 /* 284 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 285 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 286 */ 287 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 288 err(1, "%s", in.name); 289 warn("%s", in.name); 290 summary(); 291 292 /* 293 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the 294 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 295 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 296 * in sector size chunks. 297 */ 298 if (in.flags & ISSEEK && 299 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 300 warn("%s", in.name); 301 302 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 303 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 304 continue; 305 306 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 307 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 308 ++st.in_full; 309 310 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 311 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) { 312 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 313 ++st.in_full; 314 315 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 316 } else { 317 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 318 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 319 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 320 else 321 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 322 ++st.in_part; 323 } 324 325 /* 326 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 327 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 328 * is output without buffering as it is read. 329 */ 330 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 331 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 332 dd_out(1); 333 in.dbcnt = 0; 334 continue; 335 } 336 337 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 338 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 339 ++st.swab; 340 --n; 341 } 342 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n); 343 } 344 345 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 346 (*cfunc)(); 347 } 348 } 349 350 /* 351 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file 352 * is truncated. 353 */ 354 static void 355 dd_close() 356 { 357 if (cfunc == def) 358 def_close(); 359 else if (cfunc == block) 360 block_close(); 361 else if (cfunc == unblock) 362 unblock_close(); 363 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 364 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 365 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 366 else 367 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 368 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 369 } 370 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 371 dd_out(1); 372 } 373 374 void 375 dd_out(force) 376 int force; 377 { 378 u_char *outp; 379 size_t cnt, i, n; 380 ssize_t nw; 381 static int warned; 382 int sparse; 383 384 /* 385 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 386 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 387 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 388 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 389 * 390 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 391 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 392 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 393 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 394 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 395 * never happened. 396 * 397 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 398 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 399 */ 400 outp = out.db; 401 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 402 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 403 sparse = 0; 404 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 405 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 406 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 407 if (outp[i] != 0) { 408 sparse = 0; 409 break; 410 } 411 } 412 if (sparse && !force) { 413 pending += cnt; 414 nw = cnt; 415 } else { 416 if (pending != 0) { 417 if (force) 418 pending--; 419 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 420 -1) 421 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 422 out.name); 423 if (force) 424 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 425 pending = 0; 426 } 427 if (cnt) 428 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 429 else 430 return; 431 } 432 433 if (nw <= 0) { 434 if (nw == 0) 435 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 436 if (errno != EINTR) 437 err(1, "%s", out.name); 438 nw = 0; 439 } 440 outp += nw; 441 st.bytes += nw; 442 if ((size_t)nw == n) { 443 if (n != out.dbsz) 444 ++st.out_part; 445 else 446 ++st.out_full; 447 break; 448 } 449 ++st.out_part; 450 if ((size_t)nw == cnt) 451 break; 452 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 453 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", 454 out.name); 455 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 456 warned = 1; 457 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 458 out.name); 459 } 460 } 461 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 462 break; 463 } 464 465 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 466 if (out.dbcnt) 467 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 468 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 469 } 470