1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 46 #endif /* not lint */ 47 48 #include <sys/param.h> 49 #include <sys/stat.h> 50 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 51 #include <sys/mtio.h> 52 53 #include <ctype.h> 54 #include <err.h> 55 #include <errno.h> 56 #include <fcntl.h> 57 #include <signal.h> 58 #include <stdio.h> 59 #include <stdlib.h> 60 #include <string.h> 61 #include <unistd.h> 62 63 #include "dd.h" 64 #include "extern.h" 65 66 static void dd_close __P((void)); 67 static void dd_in __P((void)); 68 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 69 static void setup __P((void)); 70 71 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 72 STAT st; /* statistics */ 73 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 74 u_long cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 75 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 76 u_int cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 77 u_int files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 78 u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 79 80 int 81 main(argc, argv) 82 int argc; 83 char *argv[]; 84 { 85 jcl(argv); 86 setup(); 87 88 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 89 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 90 91 atexit(summary); 92 93 while (files_cnt--) 94 dd_in(); 95 96 dd_close(); 97 exit(0); 98 } 99 100 static void 101 setup() 102 { 103 u_int cnt; 104 105 if (in.name == NULL) { 106 in.name = "stdin"; 107 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 108 } else { 109 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 110 if (in.fd < 0) 111 err(1, "%s", in.name); 112 } 113 114 getfdtype(&in); 115 116 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 117 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 118 119 if (out.name == NULL) { 120 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 121 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 122 out.name = "stdout"; 123 } else { 124 #define OFLAGS \ 125 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 126 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 127 /* 128 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 129 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 130 * not support seeks. 131 */ 132 if (out.fd < 0) { 133 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 134 out.flags |= NOREAD; 135 } 136 if (out.fd < 0) 137 err(1, "%s", out.name); 138 } 139 140 getfdtype(&out); 141 142 /* 143 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 144 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 145 */ 146 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 147 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 148 err(1, NULL); 149 out.db = in.db; 150 } else if ((in.db = 151 malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL || 152 (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL) 153 err(1, NULL); 154 in.dbp = in.db; 155 out.dbp = out.db; 156 157 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 158 if (in.offset) 159 pos_in(); 160 if (out.offset) 161 pos_out(); 162 163 /* 164 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 165 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 166 */ 167 if (ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 168 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz); 169 170 /* 171 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 172 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 173 * built-in tables. 174 */ 175 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) 176 if (ddflags & C_ASCII) 177 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 178 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 179 if (isupper(ctab[cnt])) 180 ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 181 } else { 182 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 183 if (islower(ctab[cnt])) 184 ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 185 } 186 else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC) 187 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 188 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 189 if (isupper(cnt)) 190 ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)]; 191 } else { 192 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 193 if (islower(cnt)) 194 ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)]; 195 } 196 else 197 ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u; 198 (void)time(&st.start); /* Statistics timestamp. */ 199 } 200 201 static void 202 getfdtype(io) 203 IO *io; 204 { 205 struct mtget mt; 206 struct stat sb; 207 208 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb)) 209 err(1, "%s", io->name); 210 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 211 io->flags |= ioctl(io->fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 212 else if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 213 io->flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 214 } 215 216 static void 217 dd_in() 218 { 219 int flags, n; 220 221 for (flags = ddflags;;) { 222 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 223 return; 224 225 /* 226 * Zero the buffer first if trying to recover from errors so 227 * lose the minimum amount of data. If doing block operations 228 * use spaces. 229 */ 230 if ((flags & (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) == (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) 231 if (flags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 232 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 233 else 234 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 235 236 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 237 if (n == 0) { 238 in.dbrcnt = 0; 239 return; 240 } 241 242 /* Read error. */ 243 if (n < 0) { 244 /* 245 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 246 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 247 */ 248 if (!(flags & C_NOERROR)) 249 err(1, "%s", in.name); 250 warn("%s", in.name); 251 summary(); 252 253 /* 254 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 255 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 256 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 257 * in sector size chunks. 258 */ 259 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 260 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 261 warn("%s", in.name); 262 263 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 264 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 265 continue; 266 267 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 268 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 269 ++st.in_full; 270 271 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 272 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 273 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 274 ++st.in_full; 275 276 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 277 } else { 278 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 279 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 280 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 281 else 282 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 283 ++st.in_part; 284 } 285 286 /* 287 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 288 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 289 * is output without buffering as it is read. 290 */ 291 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 292 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 293 dd_out(1); 294 in.dbcnt = 0; 295 continue; 296 } 297 298 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 299 if ((n = in.dbcnt) & 1) { 300 ++st.swab; 301 --n; 302 } 303 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 304 } 305 306 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 307 (*cfunc)(); 308 } 309 } 310 311 /* 312 * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necesssary, output file 313 * is truncated. 314 */ 315 static void 316 dd_close() 317 { 318 if (cfunc == def) 319 def_close(); 320 else if (cfunc == block) 321 block_close(); 322 else if (cfunc == unblock) 323 unblock_close(); 324 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 325 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 326 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 327 } 328 if (out.dbcnt) 329 dd_out(1); 330 } 331 332 void 333 dd_out(force) 334 int force; 335 { 336 static int warned; 337 int cnt, n, nw; 338 u_char *outp; 339 340 /* 341 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 342 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 343 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 344 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 345 * 346 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 347 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 348 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 349 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 350 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 351 * never happened. 352 * 353 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 354 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 355 */ 356 outp = out.db; 357 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 358 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 359 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 360 if (nw <= 0) { 361 if (nw == 0) 362 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 363 if (errno != EINTR) 364 err(1, "%s", out.name); 365 nw = 0; 366 } 367 outp += nw; 368 st.bytes += nw; 369 if (nw == n) { 370 if (n != out.dbsz) 371 ++st.out_part; 372 else 373 ++st.out_full; 374 break; 375 } 376 ++st.out_part; 377 if (nw == cnt) 378 break; 379 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 380 warned = 1; 381 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 382 out.name); 383 } 384 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 385 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 386 } 387 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 388 break; 389 } 390 391 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 392 if (out.dbcnt) 393 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 394 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 395 } 396