1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char const copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 #if 0 46 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 47 #endif 48 static const char rcsid[] = 49 "$FreeBSD$"; 50 #endif /* not lint */ 51 52 #include <sys/param.h> 53 #include <sys/stat.h> 54 #include <sys/conf.h> 55 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 56 #include <sys/filio.h> 57 #include <sys/mtio.h> 58 59 #include <ctype.h> 60 #include <err.h> 61 #include <errno.h> 62 #include <fcntl.h> 63 #include <locale.h> 64 #include <stdio.h> 65 #include <stdlib.h> 66 #include <string.h> 67 #include <unistd.h> 68 69 #include "dd.h" 70 #include "extern.h" 71 72 static void dd_close __P((void)); 73 static void dd_in __P((void)); 74 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 75 static void setup __P((void)); 76 77 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 78 STAT st; /* statistics */ 79 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 80 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 81 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 82 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 83 int cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 84 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 85 u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 86 87 int 88 main(argc, argv) 89 int argc; 90 char *argv[]; 91 { 92 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 93 jcl(argv); 94 setup(); 95 96 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 97 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 98 99 atexit(summary); 100 101 while (files_cnt--) 102 dd_in(); 103 104 dd_close(); 105 exit(0); 106 } 107 108 static void 109 setup() 110 { 111 u_int cnt; 112 struct timeval tv; 113 114 if (in.name == NULL) { 115 in.name = "stdin"; 116 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 117 } else { 118 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 119 if (in.fd == -1) 120 err(1, "%s", in.name); 121 } 122 123 getfdtype(&in); 124 125 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 126 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 127 128 if (out.name == NULL) { 129 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 130 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 131 out.name = "stdout"; 132 } else { 133 #define OFLAGS \ 134 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 135 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 136 /* 137 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 138 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 139 * not support seeks. 140 */ 141 if (out.fd == -1) { 142 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 143 out.flags |= NOREAD; 144 } 145 if (out.fd == -1) 146 err(1, "%s", out.name); 147 } 148 149 getfdtype(&out); 150 151 /* 152 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 153 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 154 */ 155 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 156 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 157 err(1, NULL); 158 out.db = in.db; 159 } else if ((in.db = malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL 160 || (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL) 161 err(1, NULL); 162 in.dbp = in.db; 163 out.dbp = out.db; 164 165 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 166 if (in.offset) 167 pos_in(); 168 if (out.offset) 169 pos_out(); 170 171 /* 172 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 173 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 174 */ 175 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 176 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz); 177 178 /* 179 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 180 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 181 * built-in tables. 182 */ 183 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) { 184 if (ddflags & C_ASCII) { 185 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 186 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 187 if (isupper(ctab[cnt])) 188 ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 189 } else { 190 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 191 if (islower(ctab[cnt])) 192 ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 193 } 194 } else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC) { 195 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 196 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 197 if (isupper(cnt)) 198 ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)]; 199 } else { 200 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 201 if (islower(cnt)) 202 ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)]; 203 } 204 } else { 205 ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u; 206 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 207 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 208 if (isupper(cnt)) 209 ctab[cnt] = tolower(cnt); 210 else 211 ctab[cnt] = cnt; 212 } else { 213 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 214 if (islower(cnt)) 215 ctab[cnt] = toupper(cnt); 216 else 217 ctab[cnt] = cnt; 218 } 219 } 220 } 221 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 222 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 223 } 224 225 static void 226 getfdtype(io) 227 IO *io; 228 { 229 struct stat sb; 230 int type; 231 232 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb)) 233 err(1, "%s", io->name); 234 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 235 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 236 warn("%s", io->name); 237 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 238 io->flags |= ISCHR; 239 } else { 240 if (type & D_TAPE) 241 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 242 else if (type & D_DISK) 243 io->flags |= ISDISK; 244 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 245 io->flags |= ISCHR; 246 } 247 } else if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 248 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 249 } 250 251 static void 252 dd_in() 253 { 254 ssize_t n; 255 256 for (;;) { 257 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 258 return; 259 260 /* 261 * Zero the buffer first if sync; If doing block operations 262 * use spaces. 263 */ 264 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 265 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 266 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 267 else 268 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 269 } 270 271 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 272 if (n == 0) { 273 in.dbrcnt = 0; 274 return; 275 } 276 277 /* Read error. */ 278 if (n == -1) { 279 /* 280 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 281 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 282 */ 283 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 284 err(1, "%s", in.name); 285 warn("%s", in.name); 286 summary(); 287 288 /* 289 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 290 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 291 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 292 * in sector size chunks. 293 */ 294 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 295 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 296 warn("%s", in.name); 297 298 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 299 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 300 continue; 301 302 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 303 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 304 ++st.in_full; 305 306 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 307 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 308 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 309 ++st.in_full; 310 311 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 312 } else { 313 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 314 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 315 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 316 else 317 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 318 ++st.in_part; 319 } 320 321 /* 322 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 323 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 324 * is output without buffering as it is read. 325 */ 326 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 327 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 328 dd_out(1); 329 in.dbcnt = 0; 330 continue; 331 } 332 333 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 334 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 335 ++st.swab; 336 --n; 337 } 338 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 339 } 340 341 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 342 (*cfunc)(); 343 } 344 } 345 346 /* 347 * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necesssary, output file 348 * is truncated. 349 */ 350 static void 351 dd_close() 352 { 353 if (cfunc == def) 354 def_close(); 355 else if (cfunc == block) 356 block_close(); 357 else if (cfunc == unblock) 358 unblock_close(); 359 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 360 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 361 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 362 else 363 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 364 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 365 } 366 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 367 dd_out(1); 368 } 369 370 void 371 dd_out(force) 372 int force; 373 { 374 static int warned; 375 int cnt, n, i, sparse; 376 ssize_t nw; 377 u_char *outp; 378 379 /* 380 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 381 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 382 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 383 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 384 * 385 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 386 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 387 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 388 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 389 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 390 * never happened. 391 * 392 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 393 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 394 */ 395 outp = out.db; 396 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 397 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 398 sparse = 0; 399 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 400 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 401 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 402 if (outp[i] != 0) { 403 sparse = 0; 404 break; 405 } 406 } 407 if (sparse && !force) { 408 pending += cnt; 409 nw = cnt; 410 } else { 411 if (pending != 0) { 412 if (force) 413 pending--; 414 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 415 -1) 416 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 417 out.name); 418 if (force) 419 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 420 pending = 0; 421 } 422 if (cnt) 423 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 424 else 425 return; 426 } 427 428 if (nw <= 0) { 429 if (nw == 0) 430 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 431 if (errno != EINTR) 432 err(1, "%s", out.name); 433 nw = 0; 434 } 435 outp += nw; 436 st.bytes += nw; 437 if (nw == n) { 438 if (n != out.dbsz) 439 ++st.out_part; 440 else 441 ++st.out_full; 442 break; 443 } 444 ++st.out_part; 445 if (nw == cnt) 446 break; 447 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 448 warned = 1; 449 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 450 out.name); 451 } 452 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 453 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 454 } 455 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 456 break; 457 } 458 459 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 460 if (out.dbcnt) 461 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 462 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 463 } 464