1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char const copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 #if 0 46 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 47 #endif 48 static const char rcsid[] = 49 "$FreeBSD$"; 50 #endif /* not lint */ 51 52 #include <sys/param.h> 53 #include <sys/stat.h> 54 #include <sys/conf.h> 55 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 56 #include <sys/filio.h> 57 58 #include <ctype.h> 59 #include <err.h> 60 #include <errno.h> 61 #include <fcntl.h> 62 #include <locale.h> 63 #include <stdio.h> 64 #include <stdlib.h> 65 #include <string.h> 66 #include <unistd.h> 67 68 #include "dd.h" 69 #include "extern.h" 70 71 static void dd_close __P((void)); 72 static void dd_in __P((void)); 73 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 74 static void setup __P((void)); 75 76 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 77 STAT st; /* statistics */ 78 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 79 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 80 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 81 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 82 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 83 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 84 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 85 86 int 87 main(argc, argv) 88 int argc; 89 char *argv[]; 90 { 91 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 92 jcl(argv); 93 setup(); 94 95 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 96 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 97 98 atexit(summary); 99 100 while (files_cnt--) 101 dd_in(); 102 103 dd_close(); 104 exit(0); 105 } 106 107 static void 108 setup() 109 { 110 u_int cnt; 111 struct timeval tv; 112 113 if (in.name == NULL) { 114 in.name = "stdin"; 115 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 116 } else { 117 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 118 if (in.fd == -1) 119 err(1, "%s", in.name); 120 } 121 122 getfdtype(&in); 123 124 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 125 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 126 127 if (out.name == NULL) { 128 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 129 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 130 out.name = "stdout"; 131 } else { 132 #define OFLAGS \ 133 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 134 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 135 /* 136 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 137 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 138 * not support seeks. 139 */ 140 if (out.fd == -1) { 141 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 142 out.flags |= NOREAD; 143 } 144 if (out.fd == -1) 145 err(1, "%s", out.name); 146 } 147 148 getfdtype(&out); 149 150 /* 151 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 152 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 153 */ 154 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) { 155 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 156 err(1, "input buffer"); 157 out.db = in.db; 158 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL || 159 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL) 160 err(1, "output buffer"); 161 in.dbp = in.db; 162 out.dbp = out.db; 163 164 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 165 if (in.offset) 166 pos_in(); 167 if (out.offset) 168 pos_out(); 169 170 /* 171 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 172 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 173 */ 174 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 175 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz); 176 177 /* 178 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 179 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 180 * built-in tables. 181 */ 182 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) { 183 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) { 184 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 185 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 186 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 187 } else { 188 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 189 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 190 } 191 } else { 192 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 193 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 194 casetab[cnt] = tolower(cnt); 195 } else { 196 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 197 casetab[cnt] = toupper(cnt); 198 } 199 } 200 ctab = casetab; 201 } 202 203 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 204 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 205 } 206 207 static void 208 getfdtype(io) 209 IO *io; 210 { 211 struct stat sb; 212 int type; 213 214 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1) 215 err(1, "%s", io->name); 216 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 217 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 218 err(1, "%s", io->name); 219 } else { 220 if (type & D_TAPE) 221 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 222 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) { 223 if (type & D_DISK) { 224 const int one = 1; 225 226 (void)ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one); 227 } 228 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 229 } 230 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 231 io->flags |= ISCHR; 232 } 233 return; 234 } 235 errno = 0; 236 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 237 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 238 else 239 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 240 } 241 242 static void 243 dd_in() 244 { 245 ssize_t n; 246 247 for (;;) { 248 switch (cpy_cnt) { 249 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */ 250 return; 251 case 0: 252 break; 253 default: 254 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= cpy_cnt) 255 return; 256 break; 257 } 258 259 /* 260 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations, 261 * use spaces. 262 */ 263 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 264 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 265 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 266 else 267 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 268 } 269 270 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 271 if (n == 0) { 272 in.dbrcnt = 0; 273 return; 274 } 275 276 /* Read error. */ 277 if (n == -1) { 278 /* 279 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 280 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 281 */ 282 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 283 err(1, "%s", in.name); 284 warn("%s", in.name); 285 summary(); 286 287 /* 288 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the 289 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 290 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 291 * in sector size chunks. 292 */ 293 if (in.flags & ISSEEK && 294 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 295 warn("%s", in.name); 296 297 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 298 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 299 continue; 300 301 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 302 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 303 ++st.in_full; 304 305 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 306 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 307 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 308 ++st.in_full; 309 310 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 311 } else { 312 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 313 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 314 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 315 else 316 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 317 ++st.in_part; 318 } 319 320 /* 321 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 322 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 323 * is output without buffering as it is read. 324 */ 325 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 326 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 327 dd_out(1); 328 in.dbcnt = 0; 329 continue; 330 } 331 332 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 333 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 334 ++st.swab; 335 --n; 336 } 337 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 338 } 339 340 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 341 (*cfunc)(); 342 } 343 } 344 345 /* 346 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file 347 * is truncated. 348 */ 349 static void 350 dd_close() 351 { 352 if (cfunc == def) 353 def_close(); 354 else if (cfunc == block) 355 block_close(); 356 else if (cfunc == unblock) 357 unblock_close(); 358 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 359 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 360 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 361 else 362 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 363 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 364 } 365 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 366 dd_out(1); 367 } 368 369 void 370 dd_out(force) 371 int force; 372 { 373 u_char *outp; 374 size_t cnt, i, n; 375 ssize_t nw; 376 static int warned; 377 int sparse; 378 379 /* 380 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 381 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 382 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 383 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 384 * 385 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 386 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 387 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 388 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 389 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 390 * never happened. 391 * 392 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 393 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 394 */ 395 outp = out.db; 396 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 397 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 398 sparse = 0; 399 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 400 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 401 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 402 if (outp[i] != 0) { 403 sparse = 0; 404 break; 405 } 406 } 407 if (sparse && !force) { 408 pending += cnt; 409 nw = cnt; 410 } else { 411 if (pending != 0) { 412 if (force) 413 pending--; 414 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 415 -1) 416 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 417 out.name); 418 if (force) 419 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 420 pending = 0; 421 } 422 if (cnt) 423 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 424 else 425 return; 426 } 427 428 if (nw <= 0) { 429 if (nw == 0) 430 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 431 if (errno != EINTR) 432 err(1, "%s", out.name); 433 nw = 0; 434 } 435 outp += nw; 436 st.bytes += nw; 437 if (nw == n) { 438 if (n != out.dbsz) 439 ++st.out_part; 440 else 441 ++st.out_full; 442 break; 443 } 444 ++st.out_part; 445 if (nw == cnt) 446 break; 447 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 448 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", 449 out.name); 450 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 451 warned = 1; 452 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 453 out.name); 454 } 455 } 456 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 457 break; 458 } 459 460 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 461 if (out.dbcnt) 462 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 463 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 464 } 465