1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef lint 39 static char const copyright[] = 40 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42 #endif /* not lint */ 43 44 #ifndef lint 45 #if 0 46 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 47 #endif 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 50 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$"); 51 52 #include <sys/param.h> 53 #include <sys/stat.h> 54 #include <sys/conf.h> 55 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 56 #include <sys/filio.h> 57 #include <sys/time.h> 58 59 #include <ctype.h> 60 #include <err.h> 61 #include <errno.h> 62 #include <fcntl.h> 63 #include <locale.h> 64 #include <stdio.h> 65 #include <stdlib.h> 66 #include <string.h> 67 #include <unistd.h> 68 69 #include "dd.h" 70 #include "extern.h" 71 72 static void dd_close(void); 73 static void dd_in(void); 74 static void getfdtype(IO *); 75 static void setup(void); 76 77 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 78 STAT st; /* statistics */ 79 void (*cfunc)(void); /* conversion function */ 80 u_quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 81 static off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */ 82 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 83 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 84 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 85 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 86 87 int 88 main(int argc __unused, char *argv[]) 89 { 90 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); 91 jcl(argv); 92 setup(); 93 94 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 95 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 96 97 atexit(summary); 98 99 while (files_cnt--) 100 dd_in(); 101 102 dd_close(); 103 exit(0); 104 } 105 106 static void 107 setup(void) 108 { 109 u_int cnt; 110 struct timeval tv; 111 112 if (in.name == NULL) { 113 in.name = "stdin"; 114 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 115 } else { 116 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 117 if (in.fd == -1) 118 err(1, "%s", in.name); 119 } 120 121 getfdtype(&in); 122 123 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 124 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 125 126 if (out.name == NULL) { 127 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 128 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 129 out.name = "stdout"; 130 } else { 131 #define OFLAGS \ 132 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 133 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 134 /* 135 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 136 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 137 * not support seeks. 138 */ 139 if (out.fd == -1) { 140 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 141 out.flags |= NOREAD; 142 } 143 if (out.fd == -1) 144 err(1, "%s", out.name); 145 } 146 147 getfdtype(&out); 148 149 /* 150 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 151 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 152 */ 153 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) { 154 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 155 err(1, "input buffer"); 156 out.db = in.db; 157 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL || 158 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL) 159 err(1, "output buffer"); 160 in.dbp = in.db; 161 out.dbp = out.db; 162 163 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 164 if (in.offset) 165 pos_in(); 166 if (out.offset) 167 pos_out(); 168 169 /* 170 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file 171 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out. 172 */ 173 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) && 174 out.flags & ISTRUNC) 175 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1) 176 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name); 177 178 /* 179 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 180 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 181 * built-in tables. 182 */ 183 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) { 184 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) { 185 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 186 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 187 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 188 } else { 189 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 190 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 191 } 192 } else { 193 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 194 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 195 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt); 196 } else { 197 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt) 198 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt); 199 } 200 } 201 ctab = casetab; 202 } 203 204 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); 205 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6; 206 } 207 208 static void 209 getfdtype(IO *io) 210 { 211 struct stat sb; 212 int type; 213 214 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1) 215 err(1, "%s", io->name); 216 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 217 io->flags |= ISTRUNC; 218 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) { 219 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) { 220 err(1, "%s", io->name); 221 } else { 222 if (type & D_TAPE) 223 io->flags |= ISTAPE; 224 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) 225 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 226 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0) 227 io->flags |= ISCHR; 228 } 229 return; 230 } 231 errno = 0; 232 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 233 io->flags |= ISPIPE; 234 else 235 io->flags |= ISSEEK; 236 } 237 238 static void 239 dd_in(void) 240 { 241 ssize_t n; 242 243 for (;;) { 244 switch (cpy_cnt) { 245 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */ 246 return; 247 case 0: 248 break; 249 default: 250 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt) 251 return; 252 break; 253 } 254 255 /* 256 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations, 257 * use spaces. 258 */ 259 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) { 260 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 261 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 262 else 263 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 264 } 265 266 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 267 if (n == 0) { 268 in.dbrcnt = 0; 269 return; 270 } 271 272 /* Read error. */ 273 if (n == -1) { 274 /* 275 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 276 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 277 */ 278 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR)) 279 err(1, "%s", in.name); 280 warn("%s", in.name); 281 summary(); 282 283 /* 284 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the 285 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 286 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 287 * in sector size chunks. 288 */ 289 if (in.flags & ISSEEK && 290 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 291 warn("%s", in.name); 292 293 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 294 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 295 continue; 296 297 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 298 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 299 ++st.in_full; 300 301 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 302 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) { 303 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 304 ++st.in_full; 305 306 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 307 } else { 308 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 309 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 310 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 311 else 312 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 313 ++st.in_part; 314 } 315 316 /* 317 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 318 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 319 * is output without buffering as it is read. 320 */ 321 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 322 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 323 dd_out(1); 324 in.dbcnt = 0; 325 continue; 326 } 327 328 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 329 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) { 330 ++st.swab; 331 --n; 332 } 333 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n); 334 } 335 336 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 337 (*cfunc)(); 338 } 339 } 340 341 /* 342 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file 343 * is truncated. 344 */ 345 static void 346 dd_close(void) 347 { 348 if (cfunc == def) 349 def_close(); 350 else if (cfunc == block) 351 block_close(); 352 else if (cfunc == unblock) 353 unblock_close(); 354 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 355 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK)) 356 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 357 else 358 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 359 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 360 } 361 if (out.dbcnt || pending) 362 dd_out(1); 363 } 364 365 void 366 dd_out(int force) 367 { 368 u_char *outp; 369 size_t cnt, i, n; 370 ssize_t nw; 371 static int warned; 372 int sparse; 373 374 /* 375 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 376 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 377 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 378 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 379 * 380 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 381 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 382 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 383 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 384 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 385 * never happened. 386 * 387 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 388 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 389 */ 390 outp = out.db; 391 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 392 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 393 sparse = 0; 394 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) { 395 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */ 396 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) 397 if (outp[i] != 0) { 398 sparse = 0; 399 break; 400 } 401 } 402 if (sparse && !force) { 403 pending += cnt; 404 nw = cnt; 405 } else { 406 if (pending != 0) { 407 if (force) 408 pending--; 409 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) == 410 -1) 411 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file", 412 out.name); 413 if (force) 414 write(out.fd, outp, 1); 415 pending = 0; 416 } 417 if (cnt) 418 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 419 else 420 return; 421 } 422 423 if (nw <= 0) { 424 if (nw == 0) 425 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 426 if (errno != EINTR) 427 err(1, "%s", out.name); 428 nw = 0; 429 } 430 outp += nw; 431 st.bytes += nw; 432 if ((size_t)nw == n) { 433 if (n != out.dbsz) 434 ++st.out_part; 435 else 436 ++st.out_full; 437 break; 438 } 439 ++st.out_part; 440 if ((size_t)nw == cnt) 441 break; 442 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 443 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", 444 out.name); 445 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 446 warned = 1; 447 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 448 out.name); 449 } 450 } 451 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 452 break; 453 } 454 455 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 456 if (out.dbcnt) 457 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 458 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 459 } 460