1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance 7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation. 8 * 9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 11 * are met: 12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 18 * must display the following acknowledgement: 19 * This product includes software developed by the University of 20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 23 * without specific prior written permission. 24 * 25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 35 * SUCH DAMAGE. 36 * 37 * $Id$ 38 */ 39 40 #ifndef lint 41 static char copyright[] = 42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44 #endif /* not lint */ 45 46 #ifndef lint 47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94"; 48 #endif /* not lint */ 49 50 #include <sys/param.h> 51 #include <sys/stat.h> 52 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 53 #include <sys/mtio.h> 54 55 #include <ctype.h> 56 #include <err.h> 57 #include <errno.h> 58 #include <fcntl.h> 59 #include <signal.h> 60 #include <stdio.h> 61 #include <stdlib.h> 62 #include <string.h> 63 #include <unistd.h> 64 65 #include "dd.h" 66 #include "extern.h" 67 68 static void dd_close __P((void)); 69 static void dd_in __P((void)); 70 static void getfdtype __P((IO *)); 71 static void setup __P((void)); 72 73 IO in, out; /* input/output state */ 74 STAT st; /* statistics */ 75 void (*cfunc) __P((void)); /* conversion function */ 76 u_long cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */ 77 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */ 78 u_int cbsz; /* conversion block size */ 79 u_int files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */ 80 u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */ 81 82 int 83 main(argc, argv) 84 int argc; 85 char *argv[]; 86 { 87 jcl(argv); 88 setup(); 89 90 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx); 91 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate); 92 93 atexit(summary); 94 95 while (files_cnt--) 96 dd_in(); 97 98 dd_close(); 99 exit(0); 100 } 101 102 static void 103 setup() 104 { 105 u_int cnt; 106 107 if (in.name == NULL) { 108 in.name = "stdin"; 109 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO; 110 } else { 111 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0); 112 if (in.fd < 0) 113 err(1, "%s", in.name); 114 } 115 116 getfdtype(&in); 117 118 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE)) 119 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices"); 120 121 if (out.name == NULL) { 122 /* No way to check for read access here. */ 123 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO; 124 out.name = "stdout"; 125 } else { 126 #define OFLAGS \ 127 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC)) 128 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 129 /* 130 * May not have read access, so try again with write only. 131 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does 132 * not support seeks. 133 */ 134 if (out.fd < 0) { 135 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE); 136 out.flags |= NOREAD; 137 } 138 if (out.fd < 0) 139 err(1, "%s", out.name); 140 } 141 142 getfdtype(&out); 143 144 /* 145 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing 146 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer. 147 */ 148 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK))) { 149 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL) 150 err(1, NULL); 151 out.db = in.db; 152 } else if ((in.db = 153 malloc((u_int)(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz))) == NULL || 154 (out.db = malloc((u_int)(out.dbsz + cbsz))) == NULL) 155 err(1, NULL); 156 in.dbp = in.db; 157 out.dbp = out.db; 158 159 /* Position the input/output streams. */ 160 if (in.offset) 161 pos_in(); 162 if (out.offset) 163 pos_out(); 164 165 /* 166 * Truncate the output file; ignore errors because it fails on some 167 * kinds of output files, tapes, for example. 168 */ 169 if (ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) == (C_OF | C_SEEK)) 170 (void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz); 171 172 /* 173 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a 174 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the 175 * built-in tables. 176 */ 177 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) 178 if (ddflags & C_ASCII) 179 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 180 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 181 if (isupper(ctab[cnt])) 182 ctab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]); 183 } else { 184 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 185 if (islower(ctab[cnt])) 186 ctab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]); 187 } 188 else if (ddflags & C_EBCDIC) 189 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) { 190 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 191 if (isupper(cnt)) 192 ctab[cnt] = ctab[tolower(cnt)]; 193 } else { 194 for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt) 195 if (islower(cnt)) 196 ctab[cnt] = ctab[toupper(cnt)]; 197 } 198 else 199 ctab = ddflags & C_LCASE ? u2l : l2u; 200 (void)time(&st.start); /* Statistics timestamp. */ 201 } 202 203 static void 204 getfdtype(io) 205 IO *io; 206 { 207 struct mtget mt; 208 struct stat sb; 209 210 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb)) 211 err(1, "%s", io->name); 212 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 213 io->flags |= ioctl(io->fd, MTIOCGET, &mt) ? ISCHR : ISTAPE; 214 else if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE) 215 io->flags |= ISPIPE; /* XXX fixed in 4.4BSD */ 216 } 217 218 static void 219 dd_in() 220 { 221 int flags, n; 222 223 for (flags = ddflags;;) { 224 if (cpy_cnt && (st.in_full + st.in_part) >= cpy_cnt) 225 return; 226 227 /* 228 * Zero the buffer first if trying to recover from errors so 229 * lose the minimum amount of data. If doing block operations 230 * use spaces. 231 */ 232 if ((flags & (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) == (C_NOERROR|C_SYNC)) 233 if (flags & (C_BLOCK|C_UNBLOCK)) 234 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz); 235 else 236 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz); 237 238 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz); 239 if (n == 0) { 240 in.dbrcnt = 0; 241 return; 242 } 243 244 /* Read error. */ 245 if (n < 0) { 246 /* 247 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that 248 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display. 249 */ 250 if (!(flags & C_NOERROR)) 251 err(1, "%s", in.name); 252 warn("%s", in.name); 253 summary(); 254 255 /* 256 * If it's not a tape drive or a pipe, seek past the 257 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for 258 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read 259 * in sector size chunks. 260 */ 261 if (!(in.flags & (ISPIPE|ISTAPE)) && 262 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR)) 263 warn("%s", in.name); 264 265 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */ 266 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC)) 267 continue; 268 269 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */ 270 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 271 ++st.in_full; 272 273 /* Handle full input blocks. */ 274 } else if (n == in.dbsz) { 275 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 276 ++st.in_full; 277 278 /* Handle partial input blocks. */ 279 } else { 280 /* If sync, use the entire block. */ 281 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) 282 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz; 283 else 284 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n; 285 ++st.in_part; 286 } 287 288 /* 289 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions 290 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block 291 * is output without buffering as it is read. 292 */ 293 if (ddflags & C_BS) { 294 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt; 295 dd_out(1); 296 in.dbcnt = 0; 297 continue; 298 } 299 300 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) { 301 if ((n = in.dbcnt) & 1) { 302 ++st.swab; 303 --n; 304 } 305 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, n); 306 } 307 308 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt; 309 (*cfunc)(); 310 } 311 } 312 313 /* 314 * Cleanup any remaining I/O and flush output. If necesssary, output file 315 * is truncated. 316 */ 317 static void 318 dd_close() 319 { 320 if (cfunc == def) 321 def_close(); 322 else if (cfunc == block) 323 block_close(); 324 else if (cfunc == unblock) 325 unblock_close(); 326 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) { 327 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt); 328 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz; 329 } 330 if (out.dbcnt) 331 dd_out(1); 332 } 333 334 void 335 dd_out(force) 336 int force; 337 { 338 static int warned; 339 int cnt, n, nw; 340 u_char *outp; 341 342 /* 343 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full 344 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats. 345 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write, 346 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit. 347 * 348 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block 349 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected. 350 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to 351 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1) 352 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case 353 * never happened. 354 * 355 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case 356 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write. 357 */ 358 outp = out.db; 359 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) { 360 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) { 361 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt); 362 if (nw <= 0) { 363 if (nw == 0) 364 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name); 365 if (errno != EINTR) 366 err(1, "%s", out.name); 367 nw = 0; 368 } 369 outp += nw; 370 st.bytes += nw; 371 if (nw == n) { 372 if (n != out.dbsz) 373 ++st.out_part; 374 else 375 ++st.out_full; 376 break; 377 } 378 ++st.out_part; 379 if (nw == cnt) 380 break; 381 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) { 382 warned = 1; 383 warnx("%s: short write on character device", 384 out.name); 385 } 386 if (out.flags & ISTAPE) 387 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device", out.name); 388 } 389 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz) 390 break; 391 } 392 393 /* Reassemble the output block. */ 394 if (out.dbcnt) 395 memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt); 396 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt; 397 } 398