1.\"- 2.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994 3.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 6.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 7.\" 8.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 9.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 10.\" are met: 11.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 13.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 14.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 15.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)chflags.1 8.4 (Berkeley) 5/2/95 33.\" $FreeBSD$ 34.\" 35.Dd March 3, 2006 36.Dt CHFLAGS 1 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm chflags 40.Nd change file flags 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Nm 43.Op Fl h 44.Oo 45.Fl R 46.Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P 47.Oc 48.Ar flags 49.Ar 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51The 52.Nm 53utility modifies the file flags of the listed files 54as specified by the 55.Ar flags 56operand. 57.Pp 58The options are as follows: 59.Bl -tag -width indent 60.It Fl H 61If the 62.Fl R 63option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed. 64(Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.) 65.It Fl h 66If the 67.Ar file 68is a symbolic link, 69change the file flags of the link itself rather than the file to which it points. 70.It Fl L 71If the 72.Fl R 73option is specified, all symbolic links are followed. 74.It Fl P 75If the 76.Fl R 77option is specified, no symbolic links are followed. 78This is the default. 79.It Fl R 80Change the file flags for the file hierarchies rooted 81in the files instead of just the files themselves. 82.El 83.Pp 84The flags are specified as an octal number or a comma separated list 85of keywords. 86The following keywords are currently defined: 87.Pp 88.Bl -tag -offset indent -width ".Cm opaque" 89.It Cm arch , archived 90set the archived flag (super-user only) 91.It Cm opaque 92set the opaque flag (owner or super-user only) 93.It Cm nodump 94set the nodump flag (owner or super-user only) 95.It Cm sappnd , sappend 96set the system append-only flag (super-user only) 97.It Cm schg , schange , simmutable 98set the system immutable flag (super-user only) 99.It Cm sunlnk , sunlink 100set the system undeletable flag (super-user only) 101.It Cm uappnd , uappend 102set the user append-only flag (owner or super-user only) 103.It Cm uchg , uchange , uimmutable 104set the user immutable flag (owner or super-user only) 105.It Cm uunlnk , uunlink 106set the user undeletable flag (owner or super-user only) 107.El 108.Pp 109Putting the letters 110.Dq Ar no 111before or removing the letters 112.Dq Ar no 113from a keyword causes the flag to be cleared. 114For example: 115.Pp 116.Bl -tag -offset indent -width "nouchg" -compact 117.It Cm nouchg 118clear the user immutable flag (owner or super-user only) 119.It Cm dump 120clear the nodump flag (owner or super-user only) 121.El 122.Pp 123A few of the octal values include: 124.Bl -tag -offset indent -width ".Li 10" 125.It Li 0 126Clear all file flags. 127.It Li 1 128Translates to the 129.Cm nodump 130keyword. 131.It Li 2 132Translates to the 133.Cm uchg 134keyword. 135.It Li 3 136Translates to the 137.Cm uchg , nodump 138keywords. 139.It Li 4 140Translates to the 141.Cm uappnd 142keyword. 143.It Li 10 144Translates to the 145.Cm opaque 146keyword. 147.It Li 20 148translates to the 149.Cm uunlnk 150keyword. 151.El 152.Pp 153Other combinations of keywords may be placed by using 154the octets assigned; however, these are the most notable. 155.Pp 156Unless the 157.Fl H , 158.Fl L , 159or 160.Fl h 161options are given, 162.Nm 163on a symbolic link always succeeds and has no effect. 164The 165.Fl H , 166.Fl L 167and 168.Fl P 169options are ignored unless the 170.Fl R 171option is specified. 172In addition, these options override each other and the 173command's actions are determined by the last one specified. 174.Pp 175You can use "ls -lo" to see the flags of existing files. 176.Pp 177Note that the ability to change certain flags is dependent 178on the current kernel 179.Va securelevel 180setting. 181See 182.Xr security 7 183for more information on this setting. 184.Sh EXIT STATUS 185.Ex -std 186.Sh SEE ALSO 187.Xr ls 1 , 188.Xr chflags 2 , 189.Xr stat 2 , 190.Xr fts 3 , 191.Xr security 7 , 192.Xr symlink 7 193.Sh HISTORY 194The 195.Nm 196command first appeared in 197.Bx 4.4 . 198.Sh BUGS 199Only a limited number of utilities are 200.Nm 201aware. 202Some of these tools include 203.Xr ls 1 , 204.Xr cp 1 , 205.Xr find 1 , 206.Xr install 1 , 207.Xr dump 8 , 208and 209.Xr restore 8 . 210In particular a tool which is not currently 211.Nm 212aware is the 213.Xr pax 1 214utility. 215