xref: /freebsd/sbin/ping/ping6.c (revision 8bda488114f330d758e6741ff44882bb12b76c0d)
1 /*	$KAME: ping6.c,v 1.169 2003/07/25 06:01:47 itojun Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*-
4  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
5  *
6  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
7  * All rights reserved.
8  *
9  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11  * are met:
12  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19  *    without specific prior written permission.
20  *
21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*	BSDI	ping.c,v 2.3 1996/01/21 17:56:50 jch Exp	*/
35 
36 /*
37  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
38  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
39  *
40  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
41  * Mike Muuss.
42  *
43  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
44  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
45  * are met:
46  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
47  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
48  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
50  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
51  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
52  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
53  *    without specific prior written permission.
54  *
55  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
56  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
57  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
58  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
59  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
60  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
61  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
62  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
63  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
64  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
65  * SUCH DAMAGE.
66  */
67 
68 /*
69  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
70  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
71  *
72  * Author -
73  *	Mike Muuss
74  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
75  *	December, 1983
76  *
77  * Status -
78  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
79  * Bugs -
80  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
81  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
82  */
83 /*
84  * NOTE:
85  * USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID assumes that sin6_scope_id has the same semantics
86  * as IPV6_PKTINFO.  Some people object it (sin6_scope_id specifies *link*
87  * while IPV6_PKTINFO specifies *interface*.  Link is defined as collection of
88  * network attached to 1 or more interfaces)
89  */
90 
91 #include <sys/param.h>
92 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
93 #include <sys/uio.h>
94 #include <sys/socket.h>
95 
96 #include <net/if.h>
97 #include <net/route.h>
98 
99 #include <netinet/in.h>
100 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
101 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
102 #include <arpa/inet.h>
103 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
104 #include <netdb.h>
105 
106 #include <capsicum_helpers.h>
107 #include <casper/cap_dns.h>
108 #include <libcasper.h>
109 
110 #include <ctype.h>
111 #include <err.h>
112 #include <errno.h>
113 #include <fcntl.h>
114 #include <poll.h>
115 #include <signal.h>
116 #include <stdio.h>
117 #include <stdlib.h>
118 #include <string.h>
119 #include <sysexits.h>
120 #include <time.h>
121 #include <unistd.h>
122 
123 #ifdef IPSEC
124 #include <netipsec/ah.h>
125 #include <netipsec/ipsec.h>
126 #endif
127 
128 #include <md5.h>
129 
130 #include "main.h"
131 #include "ping6.h"
132 
133 struct tv32 {
134 	u_int32_t tv32_sec;
135 	u_int32_t tv32_nsec;
136 };
137 
138 #define MAXPACKETLEN	131072
139 #define	IP6LEN		40
140 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN	8	/* icmp echo header len excluding time */
141 #define ICMP6ECHOTMLEN sizeof(struct tv32)
142 #define ICMP6_NIQLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 8)
143 # define CONTROLLEN	10240	/* ancillary data buffer size RFC3542 20.1 */
144 /* FQDN case, 64 bits of nonce + 32 bits ttl */
145 #define ICMP6_NIRLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 12)
146 #define	EXTRA		256	/* for AH and various other headers. weird. */
147 #define	DEFDATALEN	ICMP6ECHOTMLEN
148 #define MAXDATALEN	MAXPACKETLEN - IP6LEN - ICMP6ECHOLEN
149 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
150 #define	MAXWAIT		10000		/* max ms to wait for response */
151 #define	MAXALARM	(60 * 60)	/* max seconds for alarm timeout */
152 
153 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
154 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
155 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
156 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
157 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
158 
159 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
160 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
161 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
162 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
163 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
164 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
165 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
166 #ifdef IPSEC
167 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
168 #define	F_POLICY	0x0400
169 #else
170 #define F_AUTHHDR	0x0200
171 #define F_ENCRYPT	0x0400
172 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
173 #endif /*IPSEC*/
174 #define F_NODEADDR	0x0800
175 #define F_FQDN		0x1000
176 #define F_INTERFACE	0x2000
177 #define F_SRCADDR	0x4000
178 #define F_FQDNOLD	0x20000
179 #define F_NIGROUP	0x40000
180 #define F_SUPTYPES	0x80000
181 #define F_NOMINMTU	0x100000
182 #define F_ONCE		0x200000
183 #define F_AUDIBLE	0x400000
184 #define F_MISSED	0x800000
185 #define F_DONTFRAG	0x1000000
186 #define F_NOUSERDATA	(F_NODEADDR | F_FQDN | F_FQDNOLD | F_SUPTYPES)
187 #define	F_WAITTIME	0x2000000
188 #define	F_DOT		0x4000000
189 
190 #define IN6LEN		sizeof(struct in6_addr)
191 #define SA6LEN		sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
192 #define DUMMY_PORT	10101
193 
194 #define SIN6(s)	((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(s))
195 
196 /*
197  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
198  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
199  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
200  */
201 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 8192)
202 static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
203 static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
204 
205 static struct sockaddr_in6 dst;	/* who to ping6 */
206 static struct sockaddr_in6 src;	/* src addr of this packet */
207 static socklen_t srclen;
208 static size_t datalen = DEFDATALEN;
209 static int ssend;		/* send socket file descriptor */
210 static int srecv;		/* receive socket file descriptor */
211 static u_char outpack[MAXPACKETLEN];
212 static char BSPACE = '\b';	/* characters written for flood */
213 static char BBELL = '\a';	/* characters written for AUDIBLE */
214 static const char *DOT = ".";
215 static size_t DOTlen = 1;
216 static size_t DOTidx = 0;
217 static int ident;		/* process id to identify our packets */
218 static u_int8_t nonce[8];	/* nonce field for node information */
219 static int hoplimit = -1;	/* hoplimit */
220 static int tclass = -1;		/* traffic class */
221 static int pcp = -2;		/* vlan priority code point */
222 static u_char *packet = NULL;
223 static cap_channel_t *capdns;
224 
225 /* counters */
226 static long nmissedmax;		/* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
227 static long npackets;		/* max packets to transmit */
228 static long ntransmitfailures;	/* number of transmit failures */
229 static int interval = 1000;	/* interval between packets in ms */
230 static int waittime = MAXWAIT;	/* timeout for each packet */
231 
232 /* for node addresses */
233 static u_short naflags;
234 
235 /* for ancillary data(advanced API) */
236 static struct msghdr smsghdr;
237 static struct iovec smsgiov;
238 static char *scmsg = 0;
239 
240 static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void);
241 static void	 fill(char *, size_t, char *);
242 static int	 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
243 static int	 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *);
244 static struct in6_pktinfo *get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *);
245 static size_t	 pingerlen(void);
246 static int	 pinger(void);
247 static const char *pr_addr(struct sockaddr *, int);
248 static void	 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *, u_char *);
249 static void	 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *);
250 static void	 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, size_t);
251 static void	 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, int);
252 static int	 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *);
253 static int	 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *);
254 static const char *dnsdecode(const u_char *, const u_char *, const u_char *,
255     char *, size_t);
256 static void	 pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct msghdr *);
257 static void	 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *);
258 static void	 pr_ip6opt(void *, size_t);
259 static void	 pr_rthdr(void *, size_t);
260 static int	 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t, int, int);
261 static void	 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
262 #ifdef IPSEC
263 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
264 static int	 setpolicy(int, char *);
265 #endif
266 #endif
267 static char	*nigroup(char *, int);
268 
269 int
270 ping6(int argc, char *argv[])
271 {
272 	struct timespec last, intvl;
273 	struct sockaddr_in6 from, *sin6;
274 	struct addrinfo hints, *res;
275 	struct sigaction si_sa;
276 	int cc;
277 	size_t i;
278 	int almost_done, ch, hold, packlen, preload, optval, error;
279 	int nig_oldmcprefix = -1;
280 	u_char *datap;
281 	char *e, *target, *ifname = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
282 	int ip6optlen = 0;
283 	struct cmsghdr *scmsgp = NULL;
284 	/* For control (ancillary) data received from recvmsg() */
285 	u_char cm[CONTROLLEN];
286 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
287 	u_long lsockbufsize;
288 	int sockbufsize = 0;
289 #endif
290 	int usepktinfo = 0;
291 	struct in6_pktinfo pktinfo;
292 	char *cmsg_pktinfo = NULL;
293 	struct ip6_rthdr *rthdr = NULL;
294 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
295 	char *policy_in = NULL;
296 	char *policy_out = NULL;
297 #endif
298 	double t;
299 	u_long alarmtimeout;
300 	size_t rthlen;
301 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
302 	int mflag = 0;
303 #endif
304 	cap_rights_t rights_srecv;
305 	cap_rights_t rights_ssend;
306 	cap_rights_t rights_stdin;
307 
308 	/* just to be sure */
309 	memset(&smsghdr, 0, sizeof(smsghdr));
310 	memset(&smsgiov, 0, sizeof(smsgiov));
311 	memset(&pktinfo, 0, sizeof(pktinfo));
312 
313 	intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
314 	intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000;
315 
316 	alarmtimeout = preload = 0;
317 	datap = &outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN];
318 	capdns = capdns_setup();
319 
320 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PING6OPTS)) != -1) {
321 		switch (ch) {
322 		case '.':
323 			options |= F_DOT;
324 			if (optarg != NULL) {
325 				DOT = optarg;
326 				DOTlen = strlen(optarg);
327 			}
328 			break;
329 		case '6':
330 			/* This option is processed in main(). */
331 			break;
332 		case 'k':
333 		{
334 			char *cp;
335 
336 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
337 			options |= F_NODEADDR;
338 			for (cp = optarg; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
339 				switch (*cp) {
340 				case 'a':
341 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ALL;
342 					break;
343 				case 'c':
344 				case 'C':
345 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_COMPAT;
346 					break;
347 				case 'l':
348 				case 'L':
349 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_LINKLOCAL;
350 					break;
351 				case 's':
352 				case 'S':
353 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_SITELOCAL;
354 					break;
355 				case 'g':
356 				case 'G':
357 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_GLOBAL;
358 					break;
359 				case 'A': /* experimental. not in the spec */
360 #ifdef NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST
361 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST;
362 					break;
363 #else
364 					errx(1,
365 "-a A is not supported on the platform");
366 					/*NOTREACHED*/
367 #endif
368 				default:
369 					usage();
370 					/*NOTREACHED*/
371 				}
372 			}
373 			break;
374 		}
375 		case 'b':
376 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
377 			errno = 0;
378 			e = NULL;
379 			lsockbufsize = strtoul(optarg, &e, 10);
380 			sockbufsize = (int)lsockbufsize;
381 			if (errno || !*optarg || *e ||
382 			    lsockbufsize > INT_MAX)
383 				errx(1, "invalid socket buffer size");
384 #else
385 			errx(1,
386 "-b option ignored: SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF socket options not supported");
387 #endif
388 			break;
389 		case 'C':		/* vlan priority code point */
390 			pcp = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
391 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
392 				errx(1, "illegal vlan pcp %s", optarg);
393 			if (7 < pcp || pcp < -1)
394 				errx(1, "illegal vlan pcp -- %s", optarg);
395 			break;
396 		case 'c':
397 			npackets = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
398 			if (npackets <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
399 				errx(1,
400 				    "illegal number of packets -- %s", optarg);
401 			break;
402 		case 'D':
403 			options |= F_DONTFRAG;
404 			break;
405 		case 'd':
406 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
407 			break;
408 		case 'f':
409 			if (getuid()) {
410 				errno = EPERM;
411 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to flood ping");
412 			}
413 			options |= F_FLOOD;
414 			options |= F_DOT;
415 			setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
416 			break;
417 		case 'e':
418 			gateway = optarg;
419 			break;
420 		case 'H':
421 			options |= F_HOSTNAME;
422 			break;
423 		case 'm':		/* hoplimit */
424 			hoplimit = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
425 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
426 				errx(1, "illegal hoplimit %s", optarg);
427 			if (255 < hoplimit || hoplimit < -1)
428 				errx(1,
429 				    "illegal hoplimit -- %s", optarg);
430 			break;
431 		case 'I':
432 			ifname = optarg;
433 			options |= F_INTERFACE;
434 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
435 			usepktinfo++;
436 #endif
437 			break;
438 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
439 			t = strtod(optarg, &e);
440 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
441 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
442 			if (t < 1 && getuid()) {
443 				errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
444 				    strerror(EPERM));
445 			}
446 			intvl.tv_sec = (time_t)t;
447 			intvl.tv_nsec =
448 			    (long)((t - intvl.tv_sec) * 1000000000);
449 			if (intvl.tv_sec < 0)
450 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
451 			/* less than 1/hz does not make sense */
452 			if (intvl.tv_sec == 0 && intvl.tv_nsec < 1000) {
453 				warnx("too small interval, raised to .000001");
454 				intvl.tv_nsec = 1000;
455 			}
456 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
457 			break;
458 		case 'l':
459 			if (getuid()) {
460 				errno = EPERM;
461 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to preload");
462 			}
463 			preload = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
464 			if (preload < 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
465 				errx(1, "illegal preload value -- %s", optarg);
466 			break;
467 		case 'u':
468 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
469 			mflag++;
470 			break;
471 #else
472 			errx(1, "-%c is not supported on this platform", ch);
473 			/*NOTREACHED*/
474 #endif
475 		case 'n':
476 			options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
477 			break;
478 		case 'N':
479 			options |= F_NIGROUP;
480 			nig_oldmcprefix++;
481 			break;
482 		case 'o':
483 			options |= F_ONCE;
484 			break;
485 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
486 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
487 			fill((char *)datap,
488 			    sizeof(outpack) - (datap - outpack), optarg);
489 				break;
490 		case 'q':
491 			options |= F_QUIET;
492 			break;
493 		case 'a':
494 			options |= F_AUDIBLE;
495 			break;
496 		case 'A':
497 			options |= F_MISSED;
498 			break;
499 		case 'S':
500 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
501 			hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; /* allow hostname? */
502 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
503 			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
504 			hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
505 
506 			error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, optarg, NULL, &hints, &res);
507 			if (error) {
508 				errx(1, "invalid source address: %s",
509 				     gai_strerror(error));
510 			}
511 			/*
512 			 * res->ai_family must be AF_INET6 and res->ai_addrlen
513 			 * must be sizeof(src).
514 			 */
515 			memcpy(&src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
516 			srclen = res->ai_addrlen;
517 			freeaddrinfo(res);
518 			options |= F_SRCADDR;
519 			break;
520 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
521 			datalen = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
522 			if (datalen <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
523 				errx(1, "illegal datalen value -- %s", optarg);
524 			if (datalen > MAXDATALEN) {
525 				errx(1,
526 				    "datalen value too large, maximum is %d",
527 				    MAXDATALEN);
528 			}
529 			break;
530 		case 'O':
531 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
532 			options |= F_SUPTYPES;
533 			break;
534 		case 'v':
535 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
536 			break;
537 		case 'y':
538 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
539 			options |= F_FQDN;
540 			break;
541 		case 'Y':
542 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
543 			options |= F_FQDNOLD;
544 			break;
545 		case 'W':
546 			t = strtod(optarg, &e);
547 			if (*e || e == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
548 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
549 				    optarg);
550 			options |= F_WAITTIME;
551 			waittime = (int)t;
552 			break;
553 		case 't':
554 			alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &e, 0);
555 			if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
556 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
557 				    optarg);
558 			if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
559 				errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
560 				    optarg, MAXALARM);
561 			{
562 				struct itimerval itv;
563 
564 				timerclear(&itv.it_interval);
565 				timerclear(&itv.it_value);
566 				itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout;
567 				if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0)
568 					err(1, "setitimer");
569 			}
570 			break;
571 		case 'z':		/* traffic class */
572 			tclass = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
573 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
574 				errx(1, "illegal traffic class %s", optarg);
575 			if (255 < tclass || tclass < -1)
576 				errx(1,
577 				    "illegal traffic class -- %s", optarg);
578 			break;
579 #ifdef IPSEC
580 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
581 		case 'P':
582 			options |= F_POLICY;
583 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) {
584 				if ((policy_in = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
585 					errx(1, "strdup");
586 			} else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) {
587 				if ((policy_out = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
588 					errx(1, "strdup");
589 			} else
590 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
591 			break;
592 #else
593 		case 'Z':
594 			options |= F_AUTHHDR;
595 			break;
596 		case 'E':
597 			options |= F_ENCRYPT;
598 			break;
599 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
600 #endif /*IPSEC*/
601 		default:
602 			usage();
603 			/*NOTREACHED*/
604 		}
605 	}
606 
607 	argc -= optind;
608 	argv += optind;
609 
610 	if (argc < 1) {
611 		usage();
612 		/*NOTREACHED*/
613 	}
614 
615 	if (argc > 1) {
616 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR	/* 2292bis */
617 		rthlen = CMSG_SPACE(inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0,
618 		    argc - 1));
619 #else  /* RFC2292 */
620 		rthlen = inet6_rthdr_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, argc - 1);
621 #endif
622 		if (rthlen == 0) {
623 			errx(1, "too many intermediate hops");
624 			/*NOTREACHED*/
625 		}
626 		ip6optlen += rthlen;
627 	}
628 
629 	if (options & F_NIGROUP) {
630 		target = nigroup(argv[argc - 1], nig_oldmcprefix);
631 		if (target == NULL) {
632 			usage();
633 			/*NOTREACHED*/
634 		}
635 	} else
636 		target = argv[argc - 1];
637 
638 	/* cap_getaddrinfo */
639 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
640 	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
641 	hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
642 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
643 	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
644 
645 	error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, target, NULL, &hints, &res);
646 	if (error)
647 		errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
648 		    target, gai_strerror(error));
649 	if (res->ai_canonname)
650 		hostname = strdup(res->ai_canonname);
651 	else
652 		hostname = target;
653 
654 	if (!res->ai_addr)
655 		errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s", target);
656 
657 	(void)memcpy(&dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
658 
659 	if ((ssend = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
660 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
661 		err(1, "socket ssend");
662 	if ((srecv = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
663 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
664 		err(1, "socket srecv");
665 	freeaddrinfo(res);
666 
667 	/* set the source address if specified. */
668 	if ((options & F_SRCADDR) != 0) {
669 		/* properly fill sin6_scope_id */
670 		if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&src.sin6_addr) && (
671 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&dst.sin6_addr) ||
672 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL(&dst.sin6_addr) ||
673 		    IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_NODELOCAL(&dst.sin6_addr))) {
674 			if (src.sin6_scope_id == 0)
675 				src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
676 			if (dst.sin6_scope_id == 0)
677 				dst.sin6_scope_id = src.sin6_scope_id;
678 		}
679 		if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&src, srclen) != 0)
680 			err(1, "bind");
681 	}
682 	/* set the gateway (next hop) if specified */
683 	if (gateway) {
684 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
685 		hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
686 		hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
687 		hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
688 
689 		error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, gateway, NULL, &hints, &res);
690 		if (error) {
691 			errx(1, "cap_getaddrinfo for the gateway %s: %s",
692 			     gateway, gai_strerror(error));
693 		}
694 		if (res->ai_next && (options & F_VERBOSE))
695 			warnx("gateway resolves to multiple addresses");
696 
697 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_NEXTHOP,
698 		    res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen)) {
699 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_NEXTHOP)");
700 		}
701 
702 		freeaddrinfo(res);
703 	}
704 
705 	/*
706 	 * let the kernel pass extension headers of incoming packets,
707 	 * for privileged socket options
708 	 */
709 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
710 		int opton = 1;
711 
712 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
713 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS, &opton,
714 		    sizeof(opton)))
715 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS)");
716 #else  /* old adv. API */
717 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPOPTS, &opton,
718 		    sizeof(opton)))
719 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPOPTS)");
720 #endif
721 #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
722 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS, &opton,
723 		    sizeof(opton)))
724 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS)");
725 #else  /* old adv. API */
726 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DSTOPTS, &opton,
727 		    sizeof(opton)))
728 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_DSTOPTS)");
729 #endif
730 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS
731 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS, &opton,
732 		    sizeof(opton)))
733 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS)");
734 #endif
735 	}
736 
737 	/* revoke root privilege */
738 	if (seteuid(getuid()) != 0)
739 		err(1, "seteuid() failed");
740 	if (setuid(getuid()) != 0)
741 		err(1, "setuid() failed");
742 
743 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_INTERVAL))
744 		errx(1, "-f and -i incompatible options");
745 
746 	if ((options & F_NOUSERDATA) == 0) {
747 		if (datalen >= sizeof(struct tv32)) {
748 			/* we can time transfer */
749 			timing = 1;
750 		} else
751 			timing = 0;
752 		/* in F_VERBOSE case, we may get non-echoreply packets*/
753 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
754 			packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
755 		else
756 			packlen = datalen + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
757 	} else {
758 		/* suppress timing for node information query */
759 		timing = 0;
760 		datalen = 2048;
761 		packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
762 	}
763 
764 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
765 		err(1, "Unable to allocate packet");
766 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
767 		for (i = (size_t)(datap - outpack); i < sizeof(outpack); ++i)
768 			*datap++ = i;
769 
770 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
771 	arc4random_buf(nonce, sizeof(nonce));
772 	optval = 1;
773 	if (options & F_DONTFRAG)
774 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DONTFRAG,
775 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
776 			err(1, "IPV6_DONTFRAG");
777 	hold = 1;
778 
779 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) {
780 		(void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
781 		    sizeof(hold));
782 		(void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
783 		    sizeof(hold));
784 	}
785 	optval = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
786 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
787 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
788 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
789 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS");
790 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
791 	if (mflag != 1) {
792 		optval = mflag > 1 ? 0 : 1;
793 
794 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU,
795 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
796 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU)");
797 	}
798 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
799 	else {
800 		optval = 1;
801 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPATHMTU,
802 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
803 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPATHMTU)");
804 	}
805 #endif /* IPV6_RECVPATHMTU */
806 #endif /* IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU */
807 
808 #ifdef IPSEC
809 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
810 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
811 		if (setpolicy(srecv, policy_in) < 0)
812 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
813 		if (setpolicy(ssend, policy_out) < 0)
814 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
815 	}
816 #else
817 	if (options & F_AUTHHDR) {
818 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
819 #ifdef IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
820 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
821 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
822 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL)");
823 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
824 		     &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
825 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL)");
826 #else /* old def */
827 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL,
828 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
829 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL)");
830 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL,
831 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
832 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL)");
833 #endif
834 	}
835 	if (options & F_ENCRYPT) {
836 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
837 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
838 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
839 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL)");
840 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
841 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
842 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL)");
843 	}
844 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
845 #endif
846 
847 #ifdef ICMP6_FILTER
848     {
849 	struct icmp6_filter filt;
850 	if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) {
851 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filt);
852 		if ((options & F_FQDN) || (options & F_FQDNOLD) ||
853 		    (options & F_NODEADDR) || (options & F_SUPTYPES))
854 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_NI_REPLY, &filt);
855 		else
856 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, &filt);
857 	} else {
858 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASSALL(&filt);
859 	}
860 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filt,
861 	    sizeof(filt)) < 0)
862 		err(1, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)");
863     }
864 #endif /*ICMP6_FILTER*/
865 
866 	/* let the kernel pass extension headers of incoming packets */
867 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
868 		int opton = 1;
869 
870 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR
871 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDR, &opton,
872 		    sizeof(opton)))
873 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDR)");
874 #else  /* old adv. API */
875 		if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, &opton,
876 		    sizeof(opton)))
877 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
878 #endif
879 	}
880 
881 /*
882 	optval = 1;
883 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
884 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
885 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
886 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP");
887 */
888 
889 	/* Specify the outgoing interface and/or the source address */
890 	if (usepktinfo)
891 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
892 
893 	if (hoplimit != -1)
894 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
895 
896 	/* set IP6 packet options */
897 	if (ip6optlen) {
898 		if ((scmsg = (char *)malloc(ip6optlen)) == NULL)
899 			errx(1, "can't allocate enough memory");
900 		smsghdr.msg_control = (caddr_t)scmsg;
901 		smsghdr.msg_controllen = ip6optlen;
902 		scmsgp = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&smsghdr);
903 	}
904 	if (usepktinfo) {
905 		cmsg_pktinfo = CMSG_DATA(scmsgp);
906 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
907 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
908 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
909 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
910 	}
911 
912 	/* set the outgoing interface */
913 	if (ifname) {
914 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
915 		/* pktinfo must have already been allocated */
916 		if ((pktinfo.ipi6_ifindex = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
917 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
918 #else
919 		if ((dst.sin6_scope_id = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
920 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
921 #endif
922 	}
923 	if (hoplimit != -1) {
924 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
925 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
926 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPLIMIT;
927 		memcpy(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp), &hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit));
928 
929 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
930 	}
931 
932 	if (tclass != -1) {
933 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_TCLASS,
934 		    &tclass, sizeof(tclass)) == -1)
935 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_TCLASS)");
936 	}
937 
938 	if (pcp != -2) {
939 		if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_VLAN_PCP,
940 		    &pcp, sizeof(pcp)) == -1)
941 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_VLAN_PCP)");
942 	}
943 
944 	if (argc > 1) {	/* some intermediate addrs are specified */
945 		int hops;
946 		int rthdrlen;
947 
948 		rthdrlen = inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, argc - 1);
949 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(rthdrlen);
950 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
951 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_RTHDR;
952 		rthdr = (struct ip6_rthdr *)CMSG_DATA(scmsgp);
953 		rthdr = inet6_rth_init((void *)rthdr, rthdrlen,
954 		    IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, argc - 1);
955 		if (rthdr == NULL)
956 			errx(1, "can't initialize rthdr");
957 
958 		for (hops = 0; hops < argc - 1; hops++) {
959 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
960 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
961 
962 			if ((error = cap_getaddrinfo(capdns, argv[hops], NULL, &hints,
963 			    &res)))
964 				errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
965 			if (res->ai_addr->sa_family != AF_INET6)
966 				errx(1,
967 				    "bad addr family of an intermediate addr");
968 			sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)res->ai_addr;
969 			if (inet6_rth_add(rthdr, &sin6->sin6_addr))
970 				errx(1, "can't add an intermediate node");
971 			freeaddrinfo(res);
972 		}
973 
974 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
975 	}
976 
977 	/* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */
978 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
979 	if (capdns != NULL) {
980 		const char *types[1];
981 
982 		types[0] = "ADDR2NAME";
983 		if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, nitems(types)) < 0)
984 			err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
985 	}
986 #endif
987 	if (!(options & F_SRCADDR)) {
988 		/*
989 		 * get the source address. XXX since we revoked the root
990 		 * privilege, we cannot use a raw socket for this.
991 		 */
992 		int dummy;
993 		socklen_t len = sizeof(src);
994 
995 		if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
996 			err(1, "UDP socket");
997 
998 		src.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
999 		src.sin6_addr = dst.sin6_addr;
1000 		src.sin6_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT);
1001 		src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
1002 
1003 		if (usepktinfo &&
1004 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO,
1005 		    (void *)&pktinfo, sizeof(pktinfo)))
1006 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
1007 
1008 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
1009 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
1010 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
1011 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)");
1012 
1013 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
1014 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
1015 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
1016 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)");
1017 
1018 		if (rthdr &&
1019 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
1020 		    (void *)rthdr, (rthdr->ip6r_len + 1) << 3))
1021 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
1022 
1023 		if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, len) < 0)
1024 			err(1, "UDP connect");
1025 
1026 		if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, &len) < 0)
1027 			err(1, "getsockname");
1028 
1029 		close(dummy);
1030 	}
1031 
1032 	/* Save pktinfo in the ancillary data. */
1033 	if (usepktinfo)
1034 		memcpy(cmsg_pktinfo, &pktinfo, sizeof(pktinfo));
1035 
1036 	if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)) != 0)
1037 		err(1, "connect() ssend");
1038 
1039 	caph_cache_catpages();
1040 	if (caph_enter_casper() < 0)
1041 		err(1, "caph_enter_casper");
1042 
1043 	cap_rights_init(&rights_stdin);
1044 	if (caph_rights_limit(STDIN_FILENO, &rights_stdin) < 0)
1045 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit stdin");
1046 	if (caph_limit_stdout() < 0)
1047 		err(1, "caph_limit_stdout");
1048 	if (caph_limit_stderr() < 0)
1049 		err(1, "caph_limit_stderr");
1050 
1051 	cap_rights_init(&rights_srecv, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1052 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights_srecv) < 0)
1053 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit srecv");
1054 	cap_rights_init(&rights_ssend, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1055 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights_ssend) < 0)
1056 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit ssend");
1057 
1058 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
1059 	if (sockbufsize) {
1060 		if (datalen > (size_t)sockbufsize)
1061 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
1062 		if (setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sockbufsize,
1063 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
1064 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
1065 		if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sockbufsize,
1066 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
1067 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF)");
1068 	}
1069 	else {
1070 		if (datalen > 8 * 1024)	/*XXX*/
1071 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
1072 		/*
1073 		 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of
1074 		 * answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying
1075 		 * to stress the ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache
1076 		 * to get some stuff for /etc/ethers.
1077 		 */
1078 		hold = 48 * 1024;
1079 		setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
1080 		    sizeof(hold));
1081 	}
1082 #endif
1083 
1084 	optval = 1;
1085 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
1086 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
1087 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &optval,
1088 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1089 		err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)");
1090 #else  /* old adv. API */
1091 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &optval,
1092 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1093 		err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
1094 #endif
1095 #endif /* USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID */
1096 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
1097 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &optval,
1098 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1099 		err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)");
1100 #else  /* old adv. API */
1101 	if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &optval,
1102 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
1103 		err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)");
1104 #endif
1105 
1106 	cap_rights_clear(&rights_srecv, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1107 	if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights_srecv) < 0)
1108 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit srecv setsockopt");
1109 	cap_rights_clear(&rights_ssend, CAP_SETSOCKOPT);
1110 	if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights_ssend) < 0)
1111 		err(1, "caph_rights_limit ssend setsockopt");
1112 
1113 	printf("PING(%lu=40+8+%lu bytes) ", (unsigned long)(40 + pingerlen()),
1114 	    (unsigned long)(pingerlen() - 8));
1115 	printf("%s --> ", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&src, sizeof(src)));
1116 	printf("%s\n", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)));
1117 	fflush(stdout);
1118 
1119 	if (preload == 0)
1120 		pinger();
1121 	else {
1122 		if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
1123 			preload = npackets;
1124 		while (preload--)
1125 			pinger();
1126 	}
1127 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1128 
1129 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
1130 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
1131 	si_sa.sa_handler = onsignal;
1132 	if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
1133 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
1134 	seenint = 0;
1135 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
1136 		err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINFO");
1137 	seeninfo = 0;
1138 	if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
1139 		if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
1140 			err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
1141 	}
1142 	if (options & F_FLOOD) {
1143 		intvl.tv_sec = 0;
1144 		intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000;
1145 	}
1146 
1147 	almost_done = 0;
1148 	while (seenint == 0) {
1149 		struct timespec now, timeout;
1150 		struct msghdr m;
1151 		struct iovec iov[2];
1152 		struct pollfd pfd;
1153 		int n;
1154 
1155 		/* signal handling */
1156 		if (seeninfo) {
1157 			pr_summary(stderr);
1158 			seeninfo = 0;
1159 			continue;
1160 		}
1161 		pfd.fd = srecv;
1162 		pfd.events = POLLIN;
1163 		pfd.revents = 0;
1164 		clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now);
1165 		timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout);
1166 		timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout);
1167 		if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
1168 			timespecclear(&timeout);
1169 
1170 		n = ppoll(&pfd, 1, &timeout, NULL);
1171 		if (n < 0)
1172 			continue;	/* EINTR */
1173 		if (n == 1) {
1174 			m.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
1175 			m.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
1176 			memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1177 			iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
1178 			iov[0].iov_len = packlen;
1179 			m.msg_iov = iov;
1180 			m.msg_iovlen = 1;
1181 			memset(cm, 0, CONTROLLEN);
1182 			m.msg_control = (void *)cm;
1183 			m.msg_controllen = CONTROLLEN;
1184 
1185 			cc = recvmsg(srecv, &m, 0);
1186 			if (cc < 0) {
1187 				if (errno != EINTR) {
1188 					warn("recvmsg");
1189 					sleep(1);
1190 				}
1191 				continue;
1192 			} else if (cc == 0) {
1193 				int mtu;
1194 
1195 				/*
1196 				 * receive control messages only. Process the
1197 				 * exceptions (currently the only possibility is
1198 				 * a path MTU notification.)
1199 				 */
1200 				if ((mtu = get_pathmtu(&m)) > 0) {
1201 					if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1202 						printf("new path MTU (%d) is "
1203 						    "notified\n", mtu);
1204 					}
1205 				}
1206 				continue;
1207 			} else {
1208 				/*
1209 				 * an ICMPv6 message (probably an echoreply)
1210 				 * arrived.
1211 				 */
1212 				pr_pack(packet, cc, &m);
1213 			}
1214 			if (((options & F_ONCE) != 0 && nreceived > 0) ||
1215 			    (npackets > 0 && nreceived >= npackets))
1216 				break;
1217 		}
1218 		if (n == 0 || (options & F_FLOOD)) {
1219 			if (npackets == 0 || ntransmitted < npackets)
1220 				pinger();
1221 			else {
1222 				if (almost_done)
1223 					break;
1224 				almost_done = 1;
1225 				/*
1226 				 * If we're not transmitting any more packets,
1227 				 * change the timer to wait two round-trip times
1228 				 * if we've received any packets or (waittime)
1229 				 * milliseconds if we haven't.
1230 				 */
1231 				intvl.tv_nsec = 0;
1232 				if (nreceived) {
1233 					intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
1234 					if (intvl.tv_sec == 0)
1235 						intvl.tv_sec = 1;
1236 				} else {
1237 					intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
1238 					intvl.tv_nsec =
1239 					    waittime % 1000 * 1000000;
1240 				}
1241 			}
1242 			clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last);
1243 			if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
1244 				nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
1245 				if (options & F_MISSED) {
1246 					(void)putc(BBELL, stdout);
1247 					(void)fflush(stdout);
1248 				}
1249 			}
1250 		}
1251 	}
1252 	sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
1253 	si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
1254 	si_sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
1255 	sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0);
1256 	sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0);
1257 	pr_summary(stdout);
1258 
1259         if(packet != NULL)
1260                 free(packet);
1261 
1262 	if (nreceived > 0)
1263 		exit(0);
1264 	else if (ntransmitted > ntransmitfailures)
1265 		exit(2);
1266 	else
1267 		exit(EX_OSERR);
1268 }
1269 
1270 /*
1271  * pinger --
1272  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1273  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1274  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
1275  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in VAX
1276  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1277  */
1278 static size_t
1279 pingerlen(void)
1280 {
1281 	size_t l;
1282 
1283 	if (options & F_FQDN)
1284 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1285 	else if (options & F_FQDNOLD)
1286 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1287 	else if (options & F_NODEADDR)
1288 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1289 	else if (options & F_SUPTYPES)
1290 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1291 	else
1292 		l = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1293 
1294 	return l;
1295 }
1296 
1297 static int
1298 pinger(void)
1299 {
1300 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1301 	struct iovec iov[2];
1302 	int i, cc;
1303 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip;
1304 	uint16_t seq;
1305 
1306 	if (npackets && ntransmitted >= npackets)
1307 		return(-1);	/* no more transmission */
1308 
1309 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpack;
1310 	nip = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)outpack;
1311 	memset(icp, 0, sizeof(*icp));
1312 	icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1313 	seq = ntransmitted++;
1314 	CLR(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1315 
1316 	if (options & F_FQDN) {
1317 		uint16_t s;
1318 
1319 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1320 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1321 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1322 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1323 
1324 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1325 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1326 		s = htons(seq);
1327 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1328 
1329 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1330 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1331 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1332 		datalen = 0;
1333 	} else if (options & F_FQDNOLD) {
1334 		uint16_t s;
1335 		/* packet format in 03 draft - no Subject data on queries */
1336 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1337 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;	/* code field is always 0 */
1338 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1339 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1340 
1341 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1342 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1343 		s = htons(seq);
1344 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1345 
1346 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1347 		datalen = 0;
1348 	} else if (options & F_NODEADDR) {
1349 		uint16_t s;
1350 
1351 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1352 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1353 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR);
1354 		nip->ni_flags = naflags;
1355 
1356 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1357 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1358 		s = htons(seq);
1359 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1360 
1361 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1362 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1363 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1364 		datalen = 0;
1365 	} else if (options & F_SUPTYPES) {
1366 		uint16_t s;
1367 
1368 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1369 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN;	/*empty*/
1370 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES);
1371 		/* we support compressed bitmap */
1372 		nip->ni_flags = NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS;
1373 
1374 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1375 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1376 		s = htons(seq);
1377 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, &s, sizeof(s));
1378 
1379 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1380 		datalen = 0;
1381 	} else {
1382 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1383 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1384 		icp->icmp6_id = htons(ident);
1385 		icp->icmp6_seq = htons(seq);
1386 		if (timing) {
1387 			struct timespec tv;
1388 			struct tv32 tv32;
1389 			(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tv);
1390 			/*
1391 			 * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order
1392 			 * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the
1393 			 * packet. We're only concerned with
1394 			 * durations, not absolute times.
1395 			 */
1396 			tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1397 			tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(tv.tv_nsec);
1398 			memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN], &tv32, sizeof(tv32));
1399 		}
1400 		cc = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1401 	}
1402 
1403 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1404 	if (pingerlen() != cc)
1405 		errx(1, "internal error; length mismatch");
1406 #endif
1407 
1408 	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1409 	iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)outpack;
1410 	iov[0].iov_len = cc;
1411 	smsghdr.msg_iov = iov;
1412 	smsghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
1413 
1414 	i = sendmsg(ssend, &smsghdr, 0);
1415 
1416 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1417 		if (i < 0) {
1418 			ntransmitfailures++;
1419 			warn("sendmsg");
1420 		}
1421 		(void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n",
1422 		    hostname, cc, i);
1423 	}
1424 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_DOT) {
1425 		(void)putc(DOT[DOTidx++ % DOTlen], stdout);
1426 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1427 	}
1428 
1429 	return(0);
1430 }
1431 
1432 static int
1433 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *icp)
1434 {
1435 	if (ntohs(icp->icmp6_id) == ident)
1436 		return 1;
1437 	else
1438 		return 0;
1439 }
1440 
1441 static int
1442 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip)
1443 {
1444 	if (memcmp(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1445 	    nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1446 	    sizeof(nonce) - sizeof(u_int16_t)) == 0)
1447 		return 1;
1448 	else
1449 		return 0;
1450 }
1451 
1452 /*
1453  * Decode a name from a DNS message.
1454  *
1455  * Format of the message is described in RFC 1035 subsection 4.1.4.
1456  *
1457  * Arguments:
1458  *   sp     - Pointer to a DNS pointer octet or to the first octet of a label
1459  *            in the message.
1460  *   ep     - Pointer to the end of the message (one step past the last octet).
1461  *   base   - Pointer to the beginning of the message.
1462  *   buf    - Buffer into which the decoded name will be saved.
1463  *   bufsiz - Size of the buffer 'buf'.
1464  *
1465  * Return value:
1466  *   Pointer to an octet immediately following the ending zero octet
1467  *   of the decoded label, or NULL if an error occurred.
1468  */
1469 static const char *
1470 dnsdecode(const u_char *sp, const u_char *ep, const u_char *base, char *buf,
1471 	size_t bufsiz)
1472 {
1473 	int i;
1474 	const u_char *cp;
1475 	char cresult[MAXDNAME + 1];
1476 	const u_char *comp;
1477 	int l;
1478 
1479 	cp = sp;
1480 	*buf = '\0';
1481 
1482 	if (cp >= ep)
1483 		return NULL;
1484 	while (cp < ep) {
1485 		i = *cp;
1486 		if (i == 0 || cp != sp) {
1487 			if (strlcat((char *)buf, ".", bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1488 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1489 		}
1490 		if (i == 0)
1491 			break;
1492 		cp++;
1493 
1494 		if ((i & 0xc0) == 0xc0 && cp - base > (i & 0x3f)) {
1495 			/* DNS compression */
1496 			if (!base)
1497 				return NULL;
1498 
1499 			comp = base + (i & 0x3f);
1500 			if (dnsdecode(comp, cp, base, cresult,
1501 			    sizeof(cresult)) == NULL)
1502 				return NULL;
1503 			if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1504 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1505 			break;
1506 		} else if ((i & 0x3f) == i) {
1507 			if (i > ep - cp)
1508 				return NULL;	/*source overrun*/
1509 			while (i-- > 0 && cp < ep) {
1510 				l = snprintf(cresult, sizeof(cresult),
1511 				    isprint(*cp) ? "%c" : "\\%03o", *cp & 0xff);
1512 				if ((size_t)l >= sizeof(cresult) || l < 0)
1513 					return NULL;
1514 				if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1515 					return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1516 				cp++;
1517 			}
1518 		} else
1519 			return NULL;	/*invalid label*/
1520 	}
1521 	if (i != 0)
1522 		return NULL;	/*not terminated*/
1523 	cp++;
1524 	return cp;
1525 }
1526 
1527 /*
1528  * pr_pack --
1529  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1530  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1531  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1532  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1533  */
1534 static void
1535 pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct msghdr *mhdr)
1536 {
1537 #define safeputc(c)	printf((isprint((c)) ? "%c" : "\\%03o"), c)
1538 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1539 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
1540 	int i;
1541 	int hoplim;
1542 	struct sockaddr *from;
1543 	int fromlen;
1544 	const u_char *cp = NULL;
1545 	u_char *dp, *end = buf + cc;
1546 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
1547 	struct timespec tv, tp;
1548 	struct tv32 tpp;
1549 	double triptime = 0;
1550 	int dupflag;
1551 	size_t off;
1552 	int oldfqdn;
1553 	u_int16_t seq;
1554 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
1555 
1556 	(void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &tv);
1557 
1558 	if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name ||
1559 	    mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6) ||
1560 	    ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET6) {
1561 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1562 			warnx("invalid peername");
1563 		return;
1564 	}
1565 	from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name;
1566 	fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen;
1567 	if (cc < (int)sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1568 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1569 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1570 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1571 		return;
1572 	}
1573 	if (((mhdr->msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) != 0) &&
1574 	    (options & F_VERBOSE) != 0)
1575 		warnx("some control data discarded, insufficient buffer size");
1576 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1577 	ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)buf;
1578 	off = 0;
1579 
1580 	if ((hoplim = get_hoplim(mhdr)) == -1) {
1581 		warnx("failed to get receiving hop limit");
1582 		return;
1583 	}
1584 	if ((pktinfo = get_rcvpktinfo(mhdr)) == NULL) {
1585 		warnx("failed to get receiving packet information");
1586 		return;
1587 	}
1588 
1589 	if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY && myechoreply(icp)) {
1590 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp6_seq);
1591 		++nreceived;
1592 		if (timing) {
1593 			memcpy(&tpp, icp + 1, sizeof(tpp));
1594 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tpp.tv32_sec);
1595 			tp.tv_nsec = ntohl(tpp.tv32_nsec);
1596 			timespecsub(&tv, &tp, &tv);
1597 			triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1598 			    ((double)tv.tv_nsec) / 1000000.0;
1599 			tsum += triptime;
1600 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1601 			if (triptime < tmin)
1602 				tmin = triptime;
1603 			if (triptime > tmax)
1604 				tmax = triptime;
1605 		}
1606 
1607 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1608 			++nrepeats;
1609 			--nreceived;
1610 			dupflag = 1;
1611 		} else {
1612 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1613 			dupflag = 0;
1614 		}
1615 
1616 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1617 			return;
1618 
1619 		if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1620 			++nrcvtimeout;
1621 			return;
1622 		}
1623 
1624 		if (options & F_DOT) {
1625 			(void)putc(BSPACE, stdout);
1626 			(void)fflush(stdout);
1627 		} else {
1628 			if (options & F_AUDIBLE) {
1629 				(void)putc(BBELL, stdout);
1630 				(void)fflush(stdout);
1631 			}
1632 			(void)printf("%d bytes from %s, icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1633 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen), seq);
1634 			(void)printf(" hlim=%d", hoplim);
1635 			if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1636 				struct sockaddr_in6 dstsa;
1637 
1638 				memset(&dstsa, 0, sizeof(dstsa));
1639 				dstsa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1640 				dstsa.sin6_len = sizeof(dstsa);
1641 				dstsa.sin6_scope_id = pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex;
1642 				dstsa.sin6_addr = pktinfo->ipi6_addr;
1643 				(void)printf(" dst=%s",
1644 				    pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dstsa,
1645 				    sizeof(dstsa)));
1646 			}
1647 			if (timing)
1648 				(void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1649 			if (dupflag)
1650 				(void)printf("(DUP!)");
1651 			/* check the data */
1652 			cp = buf + off + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1653 			dp = outpack + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1654 			for (i = 8; cp < end; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
1655 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1656 					(void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp);
1657 					break;
1658 				}
1659 			}
1660 		}
1661 	} else if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_NI_REPLY && mynireply(ni)) {
1662 		memcpy(&seq, ni->icmp6_ni_nonce, sizeof(seq));
1663 		seq = ntohs(seq);
1664 		++nreceived;
1665 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1666 			++nrepeats;
1667 			--nreceived;
1668 			dupflag = 1;
1669 		} else {
1670 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1671 			dupflag = 0;
1672 		}
1673 
1674 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1675 			return;
1676 
1677 		(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1678 
1679 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_code)) {
1680 		case ICMP6_NI_SUCCESS:
1681 			break;
1682 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1683 			printf("refused, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1684 			goto fqdnend;
1685 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1686 			printf("unknown, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1687 			goto fqdnend;
1688 		default:
1689 			printf("unknown code 0x%x, type 0x%x",
1690 			    ntohs(ni->ni_code), ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1691 			goto fqdnend;
1692 		}
1693 
1694 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
1695 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
1696 			printf("NodeInfo NOOP");
1697 			break;
1698 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
1699 			pr_suptypes(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1700 			break;
1701 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
1702 			pr_nodeaddr(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1703 			break;
1704 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
1705 		default:	/* XXX: for backward compatibility */
1706 			cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1707 			if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] ==
1708 			    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1)
1709 				oldfqdn = 1;
1710 			else
1711 				oldfqdn = 0;
1712 			if (oldfqdn) {
1713 				cp++;	/* skip length */
1714 				while (cp < end) {
1715 					safeputc(*cp & 0xff);
1716 					cp++;
1717 				}
1718 			} else {
1719 				i = 0;
1720 				while (cp < end) {
1721 					cp = dnsdecode((const u_char *)cp, end,
1722 					    (const u_char *)(ni + 1), dnsname,
1723 					    sizeof(dnsname));
1724 					if (cp == NULL) {
1725 						printf("???");
1726 						break;
1727 					}
1728 					/*
1729 					 * name-lookup special handling for
1730 					 * truncated name
1731 					 */
1732 					if (cp + 1 <= end && !*cp &&
1733 					    strlen(dnsname) > 0) {
1734 						dnsname[strlen(dnsname) - 1] = '\0';
1735 						cp++;
1736 					}
1737 					printf("%s%s", i > 0 ? "," : "",
1738 					    dnsname);
1739 				}
1740 			}
1741 			if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1742 				u_long t;
1743 				int32_t ttl;
1744 				int comma = 0;
1745 
1746 				(void)printf(" (");	/*)*/
1747 
1748 				switch (ni->ni_code) {
1749 				case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1750 					(void)printf("refused");
1751 					comma++;
1752 					break;
1753 				case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1754 					(void)printf("unknown qtype");
1755 					comma++;
1756 					break;
1757 				}
1758 
1759 				if ((end - (u_char *)ni) < ICMP6_NIRLEN) {
1760 					/* case of refusion, unknown */
1761 					/*(*/
1762 					putchar(')');
1763 					goto fqdnend;
1764 				}
1765 				memcpy(&t, &buf[off+ICMP6ECHOLEN+8], sizeof(t));
1766 				ttl = (int32_t)ntohl(t);
1767 				if (comma)
1768 					printf(",");
1769 				if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FQDN_FLAG_VALIDTTL)) {
1770 					(void)printf("TTL=%d:meaningless",
1771 					    (int)ttl);
1772 				} else {
1773 					if (ttl < 0) {
1774 						(void)printf("TTL=%d:invalid",
1775 						   ttl);
1776 					} else
1777 						(void)printf("TTL=%d", ttl);
1778 				}
1779 				comma++;
1780 
1781 				if (oldfqdn) {
1782 					if (comma)
1783 						printf(",");
1784 					printf("03 draft");
1785 					comma++;
1786 				} else {
1787 					cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1788 					if (cp == end) {
1789 						if (comma)
1790 							printf(",");
1791 						printf("no name");
1792 						comma++;
1793 					}
1794 				}
1795 
1796 				if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] !=
1797 				    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1 && oldfqdn) {
1798 					if (comma)
1799 						printf(",");
1800 					(void)printf("invalid namelen:%d/%lu",
1801 					    buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN],
1802 					    (u_long)cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1);
1803 					comma++;
1804 				}
1805 				/*(*/
1806 				putchar(')');
1807 			}
1808 		fqdnend:
1809 			;
1810 		}
1811 	} else {
1812 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
1813 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
1814 			return;
1815 		(void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1816 		pr_icmph(icp, end);
1817 	}
1818 
1819 	if (!(options & F_DOT)) {
1820 		(void)putc('\n', stdout);
1821 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1822 			pr_exthdrs(mhdr);
1823 		(void)fflush(stdout);
1824 	}
1825 #undef safeputc
1826 }
1827 
1828 static void
1829 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1830 {
1831 	ssize_t	bufsize;
1832 	void	*bufp;
1833 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1834 
1835 	bufsize = 0;
1836 	bufp = mhdr->msg_control;
1837 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1838 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1839 		if (cm->cmsg_level != IPPROTO_IPV6)
1840 			continue;
1841 
1842 		bufsize = CONTROLLEN - ((caddr_t)CMSG_DATA(cm) - (caddr_t)bufp);
1843 		if (bufsize <= 0)
1844 			continue;
1845 		switch (cm->cmsg_type) {
1846 		case IPV6_HOPOPTS:
1847 			printf("  HbH Options: ");
1848 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1849 			break;
1850 		case IPV6_DSTOPTS:
1851 #ifdef IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
1852 		case IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS:
1853 #endif
1854 			printf("  Dst Options: ");
1855 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1856 			break;
1857 		case IPV6_RTHDR:
1858 			printf("  Routing: ");
1859 			pr_rthdr(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1860 			break;
1861 		}
1862 	}
1863 }
1864 
1865 static void
1866 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1867 {
1868 	struct ip6_hbh *ext;
1869 	int currentlen;
1870 	u_int8_t type;
1871 	socklen_t extlen, len;
1872 	void *databuf;
1873 	size_t offset;
1874 	u_int16_t value2;
1875 	u_int32_t value4;
1876 
1877 	ext = (struct ip6_hbh *)extbuf;
1878 	extlen = (ext->ip6h_len + 1) * 8;
1879 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%lu bytes)\n", ext->ip6h_nxt,
1880 	    (unsigned int)ext->ip6h_len, (unsigned long)extlen);
1881 
1882 	/*
1883 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer:
1884 	 *     subtract the size of a cmsg structure from the buffer size.
1885 	 */
1886 	if (bufsize < (extlen  + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1887 		extlen = bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0);
1888 		warnx("options truncated, showing only %u (total=%u)",
1889 		    (unsigned int)(extlen / 8 - 1),
1890 		    (unsigned int)(ext->ip6h_len));
1891 	}
1892 
1893 	currentlen = 0;
1894 	while (1) {
1895 		currentlen = inet6_opt_next(extbuf, extlen, currentlen,
1896 		    &type, &len, &databuf);
1897 		if (currentlen == -1)
1898 			break;
1899 		switch (type) {
1900 		/*
1901 		 * Note that inet6_opt_next automatically skips any padding
1902 		 * optins.
1903 		 */
1904 		case IP6OPT_JUMBO:
1905 			offset = 0;
1906 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1907 			    &value4, sizeof(value4));
1908 			printf("    Jumbo Payload Opt: Length %u\n",
1909 			    (u_int32_t)ntohl(value4));
1910 			break;
1911 		case IP6OPT_ROUTER_ALERT:
1912 			offset = 0;
1913 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1914 						   &value2, sizeof(value2));
1915 			printf("    Router Alert Opt: Type %u\n",
1916 			    ntohs(value2));
1917 			break;
1918 		default:
1919 			printf("    Received Opt %u len %lu\n",
1920 			    type, (unsigned long)len);
1921 			break;
1922 		}
1923 	}
1924 	return;
1925 }
1926 
1927 static void
1928 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1929 {
1930 	struct in6_addr *in6;
1931 	char ntopbuf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1932 	struct ip6_rthdr *rh = (struct ip6_rthdr *)extbuf;
1933 	int i, segments, origsegs, rthsize, size0, size1;
1934 
1935 	/* print fixed part of the header */
1936 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%d bytes), type %u, ", rh->ip6r_nxt,
1937 	    rh->ip6r_len, (rh->ip6r_len + 1) << 3, rh->ip6r_type);
1938 	if ((segments = inet6_rth_segments(extbuf)) >= 0) {
1939 		printf("%d segments, ", segments);
1940 		printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1941 	} else {
1942 		printf("segments unknown, ");
1943 		printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1944 		return;
1945 	}
1946 
1947 	/*
1948 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer. When calculating
1949 	 * the number of items to show keep in mind:
1950 	 *	- The size of the cmsg structure
1951 	 *	- The size of one segment (the size of a Type 0 routing header)
1952 	 *	- When dividing add a fudge factor of one in case the
1953 	 *	  dividend is not evenly divisible by the divisor
1954 	 */
1955 	rthsize = (rh->ip6r_len + 1) * 8;
1956 	if (bufsize < (rthsize + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1957 		origsegs = segments;
1958 		size0 = inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, 0);
1959 		size1 = inet6_rth_space(IPV6_RTHDR_TYPE_0, 1);
1960 		segments -= (rthsize - (bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0))) /
1961 		    (size1 - size0) + 1;
1962 		warnx("segments truncated, showing only %d (total=%d)",
1963 		    segments, origsegs);
1964 	}
1965 
1966 	for (i = 0; i < segments; i++) {
1967 		in6 = inet6_rth_getaddr(extbuf, i);
1968 		if (in6 == NULL)
1969 			printf("   [%d]<NULL>\n", i);
1970 		else {
1971 			if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, in6, ntopbuf,
1972 			    sizeof(ntopbuf)))
1973 				strlcpy(ntopbuf, "?", sizeof(ntopbuf));
1974 			printf("   [%d]%s\n", i, ntopbuf);
1975 		}
1976 	}
1977 
1978 	return;
1979 
1980 }
1981 
1982 static int
1983 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t v, int soff, int ii)
1984 {
1985 	int off;
1986 	int i;
1987 
1988 	off = 0;
1989 	while (off < 32) {
1990 		/* shift till we have 0x01 */
1991 		if ((v & 0x01) == 0) {
1992 			if (ii > 1)
1993 				printf("-%u", soff + off - 1);
1994 			ii = 0;
1995 			switch (v & 0x0f) {
1996 			case 0x00:
1997 				v >>= 4;
1998 				off += 4;
1999 				continue;
2000 			case 0x08:
2001 				v >>= 3;
2002 				off += 3;
2003 				continue;
2004 			case 0x04: case 0x0c:
2005 				v >>= 2;
2006 				off += 2;
2007 				continue;
2008 			default:
2009 				v >>= 1;
2010 				off += 1;
2011 				continue;
2012 			}
2013 		}
2014 
2015 		/* we have 0x01 with us */
2016 		for (i = 0; i < 32 - off; i++) {
2017 			if ((v & (0x01 << i)) == 0)
2018 				break;
2019 		}
2020 		if (!ii)
2021 			printf(" %u", soff + off);
2022 		ii += i;
2023 		v >>= i; off += i;
2024 	}
2025 	return ii;
2026 }
2027 
2028 static void
2029 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, size_t nilen)
2030 	/* ni->qtype must be SUPTYPES */
2031 {
2032 	size_t clen;
2033 	u_int32_t v;
2034 	const u_char *cp, *end;
2035 	u_int16_t cur;
2036 	struct cbit {
2037 		u_int16_t words;	/*32bit count*/
2038 		u_int16_t skip;
2039 	} cbit;
2040 #define MAXQTYPES	(1 << 16)
2041 	size_t off;
2042 	int b;
2043 
2044 	cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2045 	end = ((u_char *)ni) + nilen;
2046 	cur = 0;
2047 	b = 0;
2048 
2049 	printf("NodeInfo Supported Qtypes");
2050 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2051 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS)
2052 			printf(", compressed bitmap");
2053 		else
2054 			printf(", raw bitmap");
2055 	}
2056 
2057 	while (cp < end) {
2058 		clen = (size_t)(end - cp);
2059 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) == 0) {
2060 			if (clen == 0 || clen > MAXQTYPES / 8 ||
2061 			    clen % sizeof(v)) {
2062 				printf("???");
2063 				return;
2064 			}
2065 		} else {
2066 			if (clen < sizeof(cbit) || clen % sizeof(v))
2067 				return;
2068 			memcpy(&cbit, cp, sizeof(cbit));
2069 			if (sizeof(cbit) + ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v) >
2070 			    clen)
2071 				return;
2072 			cp += sizeof(cbit);
2073 			clen = ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v);
2074 			if (cur + clen * 8 + (u_long)ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32 >
2075 			    MAXQTYPES)
2076 				return;
2077 		}
2078 
2079 		for (off = 0; off < clen; off += sizeof(v)) {
2080 			memcpy(&v, cp + off, sizeof(v));
2081 			v = (u_int32_t)ntohl(v);
2082 			b = pr_bitrange(v, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
2083 		}
2084 		/* flush the remaining bits */
2085 		b = pr_bitrange(0, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
2086 
2087 		cp += clen;
2088 		cur += clen * 8;
2089 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) != 0)
2090 			cur += ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32;
2091 	}
2092 }
2093 
2094 static void
2095 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, int nilen)
2096 	/* ni->qtype must be NODEADDR */
2097 {
2098 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2099 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2100 	int withttl = 0;
2101 
2102 	nilen -= sizeof(struct icmp6_nodeinfo);
2103 
2104 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2105 		switch (ni->ni_code) {
2106 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
2107 			(void)printf("refused");
2108 			break;
2109 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
2110 			(void)printf("unknown qtype");
2111 			break;
2112 		}
2113 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_TRUNCATE)
2114 			(void)printf(" truncated");
2115 	}
2116 	putchar('\n');
2117 	if (nilen <= 0)
2118 		printf("  no address\n");
2119 
2120 	/*
2121 	 * In icmp-name-lookups 05 and later, TTL of each returned address
2122 	 * is contained in the response. We try to detect the version
2123 	 * by the length of the data, but note that the detection algorithm
2124 	 * is incomplete. We assume the latest draft by default.
2125 	 */
2126 	if (nilen % (sizeof(u_int32_t) + sizeof(struct in6_addr)) == 0)
2127 		withttl = 1;
2128 	while (nilen > 0) {
2129 		u_int32_t ttl = 0;
2130 
2131 		if (withttl) {
2132 			uint32_t t;
2133 
2134 			memcpy(&t, cp, sizeof(t));
2135 			ttl = (u_int32_t)ntohl(t);
2136 			cp += sizeof(u_int32_t);
2137 			nilen -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
2138 		}
2139 
2140 		if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, cp, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)) ==
2141 		    NULL)
2142 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2143 		printf("  %s", ntop_buf);
2144 		if (withttl) {
2145 			if (ttl == 0xffffffff) {
2146 				/*
2147 				 * XXX: can this convention be applied to all
2148 				 * type of TTL (i.e. non-ND TTL)?
2149 				 */
2150 				printf("(TTL=infty)");
2151 			}
2152 			else
2153 				printf("(TTL=%u)", ttl);
2154 		}
2155 		putchar('\n');
2156 
2157 		nilen -= sizeof(struct in6_addr);
2158 		cp += sizeof(struct in6_addr);
2159 	}
2160 }
2161 
2162 static int
2163 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2164 {
2165 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2166 
2167 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2168 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2169 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2170 			return(-1);
2171 
2172 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2173 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
2174 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int))) {
2175 			int r;
2176 
2177 			memcpy(&r, CMSG_DATA(cm), sizeof(r));
2178 			return(r);
2179 		}
2180 	}
2181 
2182 	return(-1);
2183 }
2184 
2185 static struct in6_pktinfo *
2186 get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2187 {
2188 	static struct in6_pktinfo pi;
2189 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2190 
2191 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2192 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2193 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2194 			return(NULL);
2195 
2196 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2197 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
2198 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo))) {
2199 			memcpy(&pi, CMSG_DATA(cm), sizeof(pi));
2200 			return(&pi);
2201 		}
2202 	}
2203 
2204 	return(NULL);
2205 }
2206 
2207 static int
2208 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2209 {
2210 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
2211 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2212 	struct ip6_mtuinfo mtuctl;
2213 
2214 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2215 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2216 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2217 			return(0);
2218 
2219 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2220 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PATHMTU &&
2221 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ip6_mtuinfo))) {
2222 			memcpy(&mtuctl, CMSG_DATA(cm), sizeof(mtuctl));
2223 
2224 			/*
2225 			 * If the notified destination is different from
2226 			 * the one we are pinging, just ignore the info.
2227 			 * We check the scope ID only when both notified value
2228 			 * and our own value have non-0 values, because we may
2229 			 * have used the default scope zone ID for sending,
2230 			 * in which case the scope ID value is 0.
2231 			 */
2232 			if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&mtuctl.ip6m_addr.sin6_addr,
2233 						&dst.sin6_addr) ||
2234 			    (mtuctl.ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id &&
2235 			     dst.sin6_scope_id &&
2236 			     mtuctl.ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id !=
2237 			     dst.sin6_scope_id)) {
2238 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
2239 					printf("path MTU for %s is notified. "
2240 					       "(ignored)\n",
2241 					   pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&mtuctl.ip6m_addr,
2242 					   sizeof(mtuctl.ip6m_addr)));
2243 				}
2244 				return(0);
2245 			}
2246 
2247 			/*
2248 			 * Ignore an invalid MTU. XXX: can we just believe
2249 			 * the kernel check?
2250 			 */
2251 			if (mtuctl.ip6m_mtu < IPV6_MMTU)
2252 				return(0);
2253 
2254 			/* notification for our destination. return the MTU. */
2255 			return((int)mtuctl.ip6m_mtu);
2256 		}
2257 	}
2258 #endif
2259 	return(0);
2260 }
2261 
2262 /*subject type*/
2263 static const char *niqcode[] = {
2264 	"IPv6 address",
2265 	"DNS label",	/*or empty*/
2266 	"IPv4 address",
2267 };
2268 
2269 /*result code*/
2270 static const char *nircode[] = {
2271 	"Success", "Refused", "Unknown",
2272 };
2273 
2274 
2275 /*
2276  * pr_icmph --
2277  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
2278  */
2279 static void
2280 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *icp, u_char *end)
2281 {
2282 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2283 	struct nd_redirect *red;
2284 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
2285 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
2286 	const u_char *cp;
2287 	size_t l;
2288 
2289 	switch (icp->icmp6_type) {
2290 	case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
2291 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2292 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
2293 			(void)printf("No Route to Destination\n");
2294 			break;
2295 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
2296 			(void)printf("Destination Administratively "
2297 			    "Unreachable\n");
2298 			break;
2299 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_BEYONDSCOPE:
2300 			(void)printf("Destination Unreachable Beyond Scope\n");
2301 			break;
2302 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
2303 			(void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
2304 			break;
2305 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
2306 			(void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
2307 			break;
2308 		default:
2309 			(void)printf("Destination Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
2310 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2311 			break;
2312 		}
2313 		/* Print returned IP header information */
2314 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2315 		break;
2316 	case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
2317 		(void)printf("Packet too big mtu = %d\n",
2318 		    (int)ntohl(icp->icmp6_mtu));
2319 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2320 		break;
2321 	case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
2322 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2323 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT:
2324 			(void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
2325 			break;
2326 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_REASSEMBLY:
2327 			(void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
2328 			break;
2329 		default:
2330 			(void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
2331 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2332 			break;
2333 		}
2334 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2335 		break;
2336 	case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
2337 		(void)printf("Parameter problem: ");
2338 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2339 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_HEADER:
2340 			(void)printf("Erroneous Header ");
2341 			break;
2342 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_NEXTHEADER:
2343 			(void)printf("Unknown Nextheader ");
2344 			break;
2345 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_OPTION:
2346 			(void)printf("Unrecognized Option ");
2347 			break;
2348 		default:
2349 			(void)printf("Bad code(%d) ", icp->icmp6_code);
2350 			break;
2351 		}
2352 		(void)printf("pointer = 0x%02x\n",
2353 		    (u_int32_t)ntohl(icp->icmp6_pptr));
2354 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2355 		break;
2356 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
2357 		(void)printf("Echo Request");
2358 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2359 		break;
2360 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
2361 		(void)printf("Echo Reply");
2362 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2363 		break;
2364 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
2365 		(void)printf("Listener Query");
2366 		break;
2367 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
2368 		(void)printf("Listener Report");
2369 		break;
2370 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
2371 		(void)printf("Listener Done");
2372 		break;
2373 	case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
2374 		(void)printf("Router Solicitation");
2375 		break;
2376 	case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
2377 		(void)printf("Router Advertisement");
2378 		break;
2379 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
2380 		(void)printf("Neighbor Solicitation");
2381 		break;
2382 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
2383 		(void)printf("Neighbor Advertisement");
2384 		break;
2385 	case ND_REDIRECT:
2386 		red = (struct nd_redirect *)icp;
2387 		(void)printf("Redirect\n");
2388 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_dst, ntop_buf,
2389 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2390 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2391 		(void)printf("Destination: %s", ntop_buf);
2392 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_target, ntop_buf,
2393 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2394 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2395 		(void)printf(" New Target: %s", ntop_buf);
2396 		break;
2397 	case ICMP6_NI_QUERY:
2398 		(void)printf("Node Information Query");
2399 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2400 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2401 		l = end - (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2402 		printf(", ");
2403 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2404 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2405 			(void)printf("NOOP");
2406 			break;
2407 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2408 			(void)printf("Supported qtypes");
2409 			break;
2410 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2411 			(void)printf("DNS name");
2412 			break;
2413 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2414 			(void)printf("nodeaddr");
2415 			break;
2416 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2417 			(void)printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2418 			break;
2419 		default:
2420 			(void)printf("unknown qtype");
2421 			break;
2422 		}
2423 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2424 			switch (ni->ni_code) {
2425 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6:
2426 				if (l == sizeof(struct in6_addr) &&
2427 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2428 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2429 					(void)printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2430 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2431 				} else {
2432 #if 1
2433 					/* backward compat to -W */
2434 					(void)printf(", oldfqdn");
2435 #else
2436 					(void)printf(", invalid");
2437 #endif
2438 				}
2439 				break;
2440 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN:
2441 				if (end == (u_char *)(ni + 1)) {
2442 					(void)printf(", no subject");
2443 					break;
2444 				}
2445 				printf(", subject=%s", niqcode[ni->ni_code]);
2446 				cp = (const u_char *)(ni + 1);
2447 				cp = dnsdecode(cp, end, NULL, dnsname,
2448 				    sizeof(dnsname));
2449 				if (cp != NULL)
2450 					printf("(%s)", dnsname);
2451 				else
2452 					printf("(invalid)");
2453 				break;
2454 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV4:
2455 				if (l == sizeof(struct in_addr) &&
2456 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2457 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2458 					(void)printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2459 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2460 				} else
2461 					(void)printf(", invalid");
2462 				break;
2463 			default:
2464 				(void)printf(", invalid");
2465 				break;
2466 			}
2467 		}
2468 		break;
2469 	case ICMP6_NI_REPLY:
2470 		(void)printf("Node Information Reply");
2471 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2472 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2473 		printf(", ");
2474 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2475 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2476 			(void)printf("NOOP");
2477 			break;
2478 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2479 			(void)printf("Supported qtypes");
2480 			break;
2481 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2482 			(void)printf("DNS name");
2483 			break;
2484 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2485 			(void)printf("nodeaddr");
2486 			break;
2487 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2488 			(void)printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2489 			break;
2490 		default:
2491 			(void)printf("unknown qtype");
2492 			break;
2493 		}
2494 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2495 			if (ni->ni_code > nitems(nircode))
2496 				printf(", invalid");
2497 			else
2498 				printf(", %s", nircode[ni->ni_code]);
2499 		}
2500 		break;
2501 	default:
2502 		(void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp6_type);
2503 	}
2504 }
2505 
2506 /*
2507  * pr_iph --
2508  *	Print an IP6 header.
2509  */
2510 static void
2511 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *ip6)
2512 {
2513 	u_int32_t flow = ip6->ip6_flow & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK;
2514 	u_int8_t tc;
2515 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2516 
2517 	tc = *(&ip6->ip6_vfc + 1); /* XXX */
2518 	tc = (tc >> 4) & 0x0f;
2519 	tc |= (ip6->ip6_vfc << 4);
2520 
2521 	printf("Vr TC  Flow Plen Nxt Hlim\n");
2522 	printf(" %1x %02x %05x %04x  %02x   %02x\n",
2523 	    (ip6->ip6_vfc & IPV6_VERSION_MASK) >> 4, tc, (u_int32_t)ntohl(flow),
2524 	    ntohs(ip6->ip6_plen), ip6->ip6_nxt, ip6->ip6_hlim);
2525 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_src, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2526 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2527 	printf("%s->", ntop_buf);
2528 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2529 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2530 	printf("%s\n", ntop_buf);
2531 }
2532 
2533 /*
2534  * pr_addr --
2535  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
2536  * a hostname.
2537  */
2538 static const char *
2539 pr_addr(struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
2540 {
2541 	static char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
2542 	int flag = 0;
2543 
2544 	if (!(options & F_HOSTNAME))
2545 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
2546 
2547 	if (cap_getnameinfo(capdns, addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0,
2548 		flag) == 0)
2549 		return (buf);
2550 	else
2551 		return "?";
2552 }
2553 
2554 /*
2555  * pr_retip --
2556  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMPv6) IPv6 packet.
2557  */
2558 static void
2559 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *end)
2560 {
2561 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
2562 	int hlen;
2563 
2564 	if ((size_t)(end - (u_char *)ip6) < sizeof(*ip6)) {
2565 		printf("IP6");
2566 		goto trunc;
2567 	}
2568 	pr_iph(ip6);
2569 	hlen = sizeof(*ip6);
2570 
2571 	nh = ip6->ip6_nxt;
2572 	cp += hlen;
2573 	while (end - cp >= 8) {
2574 #ifdef IPSEC
2575 		struct ah ah;
2576 #endif
2577 
2578 		switch (nh) {
2579 		case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS:
2580 			printf("HBH ");
2581 			hlen = (((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_len+1) << 3;
2582 			nh = ((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_nxt;
2583 			break;
2584 		case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS:
2585 			printf("DSTOPT ");
2586 			hlen = (((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_len+1) << 3;
2587 			nh = ((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_nxt;
2588 			break;
2589 		case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
2590 			printf("FRAG ");
2591 			hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
2592 			nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
2593 			break;
2594 		case IPPROTO_ROUTING:
2595 			printf("RTHDR ");
2596 			hlen = (((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_len+1) << 3;
2597 			nh = ((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_nxt;
2598 			break;
2599 #ifdef IPSEC
2600 		case IPPROTO_AH:
2601 			printf("AH ");
2602 			memcpy(&ah, cp, sizeof(ah));
2603 			hlen = (ah.ah_len+2) << 2;
2604 			nh = ah.ah_nxt;
2605 			break;
2606 #endif
2607 		case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
2608 			printf("ICMP6: type = %d, code = %d\n",
2609 			    *cp, *(cp + 1));
2610 			return;
2611 		case IPPROTO_ESP:
2612 			printf("ESP\n");
2613 			return;
2614 		case IPPROTO_TCP:
2615 			printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2616 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2617 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2618 			return;
2619 		case IPPROTO_UDP:
2620 			printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2621 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2622 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2623 			return;
2624 		default:
2625 			printf("Unknown Header(%d)\n", nh);
2626 			return;
2627 		}
2628 
2629 		if ((cp += hlen) >= end)
2630 			goto trunc;
2631 	}
2632 	if (end - cp < 8)
2633 		goto trunc;
2634 
2635 	putchar('\n');
2636 	return;
2637 
2638   trunc:
2639 	printf("...\n");
2640 	return;
2641 }
2642 
2643 static void
2644 fill(char *bp, size_t bplen, char *patp)
2645 {
2646 	int ii, jj, kk;
2647 	int pat[16];
2648 	char *cp;
2649 
2650 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
2651 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
2652 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
2653 	ii = sscanf(patp,
2654 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
2655 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
2656 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
2657 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
2658 
2659 	if (ii > 0) {
2660 		for (kk = 0; (size_t)kk + ii <= bplen; kk += ii)
2661 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2662 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
2663 	}
2664 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
2665 		(void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
2666 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2667 			(void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
2668 		(void)printf("\n");
2669 	}
2670 }
2671 
2672 #ifdef IPSEC
2673 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
2674 static int
2675 setpolicy(int so __unused, char *policy)
2676 {
2677 	char *buf;
2678 
2679 	if (policy == NULL)
2680 		return 0;	/* ignore */
2681 
2682 	buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
2683 	if (buf == NULL)
2684 		errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
2685 	if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, buf,
2686 	    ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
2687 		warnx("Unable to set IPsec policy");
2688 	free(buf);
2689 
2690 	return 0;
2691 }
2692 #endif
2693 #endif
2694 
2695 static char *
2696 nigroup(char *name, int nig_oldmcprefix)
2697 {
2698 	char *p;
2699 	char *q;
2700 	MD5_CTX ctxt;
2701 	u_int8_t digest[16];
2702 	u_int8_t c;
2703 	size_t l;
2704 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
2705 	struct in6_addr in6;
2706 	int valid;
2707 
2708 	p = strchr(name, '.');
2709 	if (!p)
2710 		p = name + strlen(name);
2711 	l = p - name;
2712 	if (l > 63 || l > sizeof(hbuf) - 1)
2713 		return NULL;	/*label too long*/
2714 	strncpy(hbuf, name, l);
2715 	hbuf[(int)l] = '\0';
2716 
2717 	for (q = name; *q; q++) {
2718 		if (isupper(*(unsigned char *)q))
2719 			*q = tolower(*(unsigned char *)q);
2720 	}
2721 
2722 	/* generate 16 bytes of pseudo-random value. */
2723 	memset(&ctxt, 0, sizeof(ctxt));
2724 	MD5Init(&ctxt);
2725 	c = l & 0xff;
2726 	MD5Update(&ctxt, &c, sizeof(c));
2727 	MD5Update(&ctxt, (unsigned char *)name, l);
2728 	MD5Final(digest, &ctxt);
2729 
2730 	if (nig_oldmcprefix) {
2731 		/* draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookup */
2732 		valid = inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:0000:0000", &in6);
2733 	} else {
2734 		/* RFC 4620 */
2735 		valid = inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:ff00:0000", &in6);
2736 	}
2737 	if (valid != 1)
2738 		return NULL;	/*XXX*/
2739 
2740 	if (nig_oldmcprefix) {
2741 		/* draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookup */
2742 		bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[12], 4);
2743 	} else {
2744 		/* RFC 4620 */
2745 		bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[13], 3);
2746 	}
2747 
2748 	if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &in6, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) == NULL)
2749 		return NULL;
2750 
2751 	return strdup(hbuf);
2752 }
2753 
2754 static cap_channel_t *
2755 capdns_setup(void)
2756 {
2757 	cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc;
2758 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
2759 	const char *types[2];
2760 	int families[1];
2761 #endif
2762 	capcas = cap_init();
2763 	if (capcas == NULL)
2764 		err(1, "unable to create casper process");
2765 	capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns");
2766 	/* Casper capability no longer needed. */
2767 	cap_close(capcas);
2768 	if (capdnsloc == NULL)
2769 		err(1, "unable to open system.dns service");
2770 #ifdef WITH_CASPER
2771 	types[0] = "NAME2ADDR";
2772 	types[1] = "ADDR2NAME";
2773 	if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, nitems(types)) < 0)
2774 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
2775 	families[0] = AF_INET6;
2776 	if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, nitems(families)) < 0)
2777 		err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service");
2778 #endif
2779 	return (capdnsloc);
2780 }
2781