xref: /linux/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c (revision 4f9786035f9e519db41375818e1d0b5f20da2f10)
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
2 /* Copyright (c) 2022 Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. */
3 #include <linux/capability.h>
4 #include <stdlib.h>
5 #include <regex.h>
6 #include <test_progs.h>
7 #include <bpf/btf.h>
8 
9 #include "autoconf_helper.h"
10 #include "disasm_helpers.h"
11 #include "unpriv_helpers.h"
12 #include "cap_helpers.h"
13 #include "jit_disasm_helpers.h"
14 
15 #define str_has_pfx(str, pfx) \
16 	(strncmp(str, pfx, __builtin_constant_p(pfx) ? sizeof(pfx) - 1 : strlen(pfx)) == 0)
17 
18 #define TEST_LOADER_LOG_BUF_SZ 2097152
19 
20 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_FAILURE "comment:test_expect_failure"
21 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_SUCCESS "comment:test_expect_success"
22 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX "comment:test_expect_msg="
23 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX "comment:test_expect_xlated="
24 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_FAILURE_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_failure_unpriv"
25 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_SUCCESS_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_success_unpriv"
26 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_msg_unpriv="
27 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_xlated_unpriv="
28 #define TEST_TAG_LOG_LEVEL_PFX "comment:test_log_level="
29 #define TEST_TAG_PROG_FLAGS_PFX "comment:test_prog_flags="
30 #define TEST_TAG_DESCRIPTION_PFX "comment:test_description="
31 #define TEST_TAG_RETVAL_PFX "comment:test_retval="
32 #define TEST_TAG_RETVAL_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_retval_unpriv="
33 #define TEST_TAG_AUXILIARY "comment:test_auxiliary"
34 #define TEST_TAG_AUXILIARY_UNPRIV "comment:test_auxiliary_unpriv"
35 #define TEST_BTF_PATH "comment:test_btf_path="
36 #define TEST_TAG_ARCH "comment:test_arch="
37 #define TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX "comment:test_jited="
38 #define TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_jited_unpriv="
39 #define TEST_TAG_CAPS_UNPRIV "comment:test_caps_unpriv="
40 #define TEST_TAG_LOAD_MODE_PFX "comment:load_mode="
41 
42 /* Warning: duplicated in bpf_misc.h */
43 #define POINTER_VALUE	0xcafe4all
44 #define TEST_DATA_LEN	64
45 
46 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
47 #define EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS 1
48 #else
49 #define EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS 0
50 #endif
51 
52 static int sysctl_unpriv_disabled = -1;
53 
54 enum mode {
55 	PRIV = 1,
56 	UNPRIV = 2
57 };
58 
59 enum load_mode {
60 	JITED		= 1 << 0,
61 	NO_JITED	= 1 << 1,
62 };
63 
64 struct expect_msg {
65 	const char *substr; /* substring match */
66 	regex_t regex;
67 	bool is_regex;
68 	bool on_next_line;
69 };
70 
71 struct expected_msgs {
72 	struct expect_msg *patterns;
73 	size_t cnt;
74 };
75 
76 struct test_subspec {
77 	char *name;
78 	bool expect_failure;
79 	struct expected_msgs expect_msgs;
80 	struct expected_msgs expect_xlated;
81 	struct expected_msgs jited;
82 	int retval;
83 	bool execute;
84 	__u64 caps;
85 };
86 
87 struct test_spec {
88 	const char *prog_name;
89 	struct test_subspec priv;
90 	struct test_subspec unpriv;
91 	const char *btf_custom_path;
92 	int log_level;
93 	int prog_flags;
94 	int mode_mask;
95 	int arch_mask;
96 	int load_mask;
97 	bool auxiliary;
98 	bool valid;
99 };
100 
101 static int tester_init(struct test_loader *tester)
102 {
103 	if (!tester->log_buf) {
104 		tester->log_buf_sz = TEST_LOADER_LOG_BUF_SZ;
105 		tester->log_buf = calloc(tester->log_buf_sz, 1);
106 		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(tester->log_buf, "tester_log_buf"))
107 			return -ENOMEM;
108 	}
109 
110 	return 0;
111 }
112 
113 void test_loader_fini(struct test_loader *tester)
114 {
115 	if (!tester)
116 		return;
117 
118 	free(tester->log_buf);
119 }
120 
121 static void free_msgs(struct expected_msgs *msgs)
122 {
123 	int i;
124 
125 	for (i = 0; i < msgs->cnt; i++)
126 		if (msgs->patterns[i].is_regex)
127 			regfree(&msgs->patterns[i].regex);
128 	free(msgs->patterns);
129 	msgs->patterns = NULL;
130 	msgs->cnt = 0;
131 }
132 
133 static void free_test_spec(struct test_spec *spec)
134 {
135 	/* Deallocate expect_msgs arrays. */
136 	free_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_msgs);
137 	free_msgs(&spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
138 	free_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_xlated);
139 	free_msgs(&spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
140 	free_msgs(&spec->priv.jited);
141 	free_msgs(&spec->unpriv.jited);
142 
143 	free(spec->priv.name);
144 	free(spec->unpriv.name);
145 	spec->priv.name = NULL;
146 	spec->unpriv.name = NULL;
147 }
148 
149 /* Compiles regular expression matching pattern.
150  * Pattern has a special syntax:
151  *
152  *   pattern := (<verbatim text> | regex)*
153  *   regex := "{{" <posix extended regular expression> "}}"
154  *
155  * In other words, pattern is a verbatim text with inclusion
156  * of regular expressions enclosed in "{{" "}}" pairs.
157  * For example, pattern "foo{{[0-9]+}}" matches strings like
158  * "foo0", "foo007", etc.
159  */
160 static int compile_regex(const char *pattern, regex_t *regex)
161 {
162 	char err_buf[256], buf[256] = {}, *ptr, *buf_end;
163 	const char *original_pattern = pattern;
164 	bool in_regex = false;
165 	int err;
166 
167 	buf_end = buf + sizeof(buf);
168 	ptr = buf;
169 	while (*pattern && ptr < buf_end - 2) {
170 		if (!in_regex && str_has_pfx(pattern, "{{")) {
171 			in_regex = true;
172 			pattern += 2;
173 			continue;
174 		}
175 		if (in_regex && str_has_pfx(pattern, "}}")) {
176 			in_regex = false;
177 			pattern += 2;
178 			continue;
179 		}
180 		if (in_regex) {
181 			*ptr++ = *pattern++;
182 			continue;
183 		}
184 		/* list of characters that need escaping for extended posix regex */
185 		if (strchr(".[]\\()*+?{}|^$", *pattern)) {
186 			*ptr++ = '\\';
187 			*ptr++ = *pattern++;
188 			continue;
189 		}
190 		*ptr++ = *pattern++;
191 	}
192 	if (*pattern) {
193 		PRINT_FAIL("Regexp too long: '%s'\n", original_pattern);
194 		return -EINVAL;
195 	}
196 	if (in_regex) {
197 		PRINT_FAIL("Regexp has open '{{' but no closing '}}': '%s'\n", original_pattern);
198 		return -EINVAL;
199 	}
200 	err = regcomp(regex, buf, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
201 	if (err != 0) {
202 		regerror(err, regex, err_buf, sizeof(err_buf));
203 		PRINT_FAIL("Regexp compilation error in '%s': '%s'\n", buf, err_buf);
204 		return -EINVAL;
205 	}
206 	return 0;
207 }
208 
209 static int __push_msg(const char *pattern, bool on_next_line, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
210 {
211 	struct expect_msg *msg;
212 	void *tmp;
213 	int err;
214 
215 	tmp = realloc(msgs->patterns,
216 		      (1 + msgs->cnt) * sizeof(struct expect_msg));
217 	if (!tmp) {
218 		ASSERT_FAIL("failed to realloc memory for messages\n");
219 		return -ENOMEM;
220 	}
221 	msgs->patterns = tmp;
222 	msg = &msgs->patterns[msgs->cnt];
223 	msg->on_next_line = on_next_line;
224 	msg->substr = pattern;
225 	msg->is_regex = false;
226 	if (strstr(pattern, "{{")) {
227 		err = compile_regex(pattern, &msg->regex);
228 		if (err)
229 			return err;
230 		msg->is_regex = true;
231 	}
232 	msgs->cnt += 1;
233 	return 0;
234 }
235 
236 static int clone_msgs(struct expected_msgs *from, struct expected_msgs *to)
237 {
238 	struct expect_msg *msg;
239 	int i, err;
240 
241 	for (i = 0; i < from->cnt; i++) {
242 		msg = &from->patterns[i];
243 		err = __push_msg(msg->substr, msg->on_next_line, to);
244 		if (err)
245 			return err;
246 	}
247 	return 0;
248 }
249 
250 static int push_msg(const char *substr, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
251 {
252 	return __push_msg(substr, false, msgs);
253 }
254 
255 static int push_disasm_msg(const char *regex_str, bool *on_next_line, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
256 {
257 	int err;
258 
259 	if (strcmp(regex_str, "...") == 0) {
260 		*on_next_line = false;
261 		return 0;
262 	}
263 	err = __push_msg(regex_str, *on_next_line, msgs);
264 	if (err)
265 		return err;
266 	*on_next_line = true;
267 	return 0;
268 }
269 
270 static int parse_int(const char *str, int *val, const char *name)
271 {
272 	char *end;
273 	long tmp;
274 
275 	errno = 0;
276 	if (str_has_pfx(str, "0x"))
277 		tmp = strtol(str + 2, &end, 16);
278 	else
279 		tmp = strtol(str, &end, 10);
280 	if (errno || end[0] != '\0') {
281 		PRINT_FAIL("failed to parse %s from '%s'\n", name, str);
282 		return -EINVAL;
283 	}
284 	*val = tmp;
285 	return 0;
286 }
287 
288 static int parse_caps(const char *str, __u64 *val, const char *name)
289 {
290 	int cap_flag = 0;
291 	char *token = NULL, *saveptr = NULL;
292 
293 	char *str_cpy = strdup(str);
294 	if (str_cpy == NULL) {
295 		PRINT_FAIL("Memory allocation failed\n");
296 		return -EINVAL;
297 	}
298 
299 	token = strtok_r(str_cpy, "|", &saveptr);
300 	while (token != NULL) {
301 		errno = 0;
302 		if (!strncmp("CAP_", token, sizeof("CAP_") - 1)) {
303 			PRINT_FAIL("define %s constant in bpf_misc.h, failed to parse caps\n", token);
304 			return -EINVAL;
305 		}
306 		cap_flag = strtol(token, NULL, 10);
307 		if (!cap_flag || errno) {
308 			PRINT_FAIL("failed to parse caps %s\n", name);
309 			return -EINVAL;
310 		}
311 		*val |= (1ULL << cap_flag);
312 		token = strtok_r(NULL, "|", &saveptr);
313 	}
314 
315 	free(str_cpy);
316 	return 0;
317 }
318 
319 static int parse_retval(const char *str, int *val, const char *name)
320 {
321 	struct {
322 		char *name;
323 		int val;
324 	} named_values[] = {
325 		{ "INT_MIN"      , INT_MIN },
326 		{ "POINTER_VALUE", POINTER_VALUE },
327 		{ "TEST_DATA_LEN", TEST_DATA_LEN },
328 	};
329 	int i;
330 
331 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(named_values); ++i) {
332 		if (strcmp(str, named_values[i].name) != 0)
333 			continue;
334 		*val = named_values[i].val;
335 		return 0;
336 	}
337 
338 	return parse_int(str, val, name);
339 }
340 
341 static void update_flags(int *flags, int flag, bool clear)
342 {
343 	if (clear)
344 		*flags &= ~flag;
345 	else
346 		*flags |= flag;
347 }
348 
349 /* Matches a string of form '<pfx>[^=]=.*' and returns it's suffix.
350  * Used to parse btf_decl_tag values.
351  * Such values require unique prefix because compiler does not add
352  * same __attribute__((btf_decl_tag(...))) twice.
353  * Test suite uses two-component tags for such cases:
354  *
355  *   <pfx> __COUNTER__ '='
356  *
357  * For example, two consecutive __msg tags '__msg("foo") __msg("foo")'
358  * would be encoded as:
359  *
360  *   [18] DECL_TAG 'comment:test_expect_msg=0=foo' type_id=15 component_idx=-1
361  *   [19] DECL_TAG 'comment:test_expect_msg=1=foo' type_id=15 component_idx=-1
362  *
363  * And the purpose of this function is to extract 'foo' from the above.
364  */
365 static const char *skip_dynamic_pfx(const char *s, const char *pfx)
366 {
367 	const char *msg;
368 
369 	if (strncmp(s, pfx, strlen(pfx)) != 0)
370 		return NULL;
371 	msg = s + strlen(pfx);
372 	msg = strchr(msg, '=');
373 	if (!msg)
374 		return NULL;
375 	return msg + 1;
376 }
377 
378 enum arch {
379 	ARCH_UNKNOWN	= 0x1,
380 	ARCH_X86_64	= 0x2,
381 	ARCH_ARM64	= 0x4,
382 	ARCH_RISCV64	= 0x8,
383 };
384 
385 static int get_current_arch(void)
386 {
387 #if defined(__x86_64__)
388 	return ARCH_X86_64;
389 #elif defined(__aarch64__)
390 	return ARCH_ARM64;
391 #elif defined(__riscv) && __riscv_xlen == 64
392 	return ARCH_RISCV64;
393 #endif
394 	return ARCH_UNKNOWN;
395 }
396 
397 /* Uses btf_decl_tag attributes to describe the expected test
398  * behavior, see bpf_misc.h for detailed description of each attribute
399  * and attribute combinations.
400  */
401 static int parse_test_spec(struct test_loader *tester,
402 			   struct bpf_object *obj,
403 			   struct bpf_program *prog,
404 			   struct test_spec *spec)
405 {
406 	const char *description = NULL;
407 	bool has_unpriv_result = false;
408 	bool has_unpriv_retval = false;
409 	bool unpriv_xlated_on_next_line = true;
410 	bool xlated_on_next_line = true;
411 	bool unpriv_jit_on_next_line;
412 	bool jit_on_next_line;
413 	bool collect_jit = false;
414 	int func_id, i, err = 0;
415 	u32 arch_mask = 0;
416 	u32 load_mask = 0;
417 	struct btf *btf;
418 	enum arch arch;
419 
420 	memset(spec, 0, sizeof(*spec));
421 
422 	spec->prog_name = bpf_program__name(prog);
423 	spec->prog_flags = testing_prog_flags();
424 
425 	btf = bpf_object__btf(obj);
426 	if (!btf) {
427 		ASSERT_FAIL("BPF object has no BTF");
428 		return -EINVAL;
429 	}
430 
431 	func_id = btf__find_by_name_kind(btf, spec->prog_name, BTF_KIND_FUNC);
432 	if (func_id < 0) {
433 		ASSERT_FAIL("failed to find FUNC BTF type for '%s'", spec->prog_name);
434 		return -EINVAL;
435 	}
436 
437 	for (i = 1; i < btf__type_cnt(btf); i++) {
438 		const char *s, *val, *msg;
439 		const struct btf_type *t;
440 		bool clear;
441 		int flags;
442 
443 		t = btf__type_by_id(btf, i);
444 		if (!btf_is_decl_tag(t))
445 			continue;
446 
447 		if (t->type != func_id || btf_decl_tag(t)->component_idx != -1)
448 			continue;
449 
450 		s = btf__str_by_offset(btf, t->name_off);
451 		if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_DESCRIPTION_PFX)) {
452 			description = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_DESCRIPTION_PFX) - 1;
453 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_FAILURE) == 0) {
454 			spec->priv.expect_failure = true;
455 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
456 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_SUCCESS) == 0) {
457 			spec->priv.expect_failure = false;
458 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
459 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_FAILURE_UNPRIV) == 0) {
460 			spec->unpriv.expect_failure = true;
461 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
462 			has_unpriv_result = true;
463 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_SUCCESS_UNPRIV) == 0) {
464 			spec->unpriv.expect_failure = false;
465 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
466 			has_unpriv_result = true;
467 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_AUXILIARY) == 0) {
468 			spec->auxiliary = true;
469 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
470 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_AUXILIARY_UNPRIV) == 0) {
471 			spec->auxiliary = true;
472 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
473 		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX))) {
474 			err = push_msg(msg, &spec->priv.expect_msgs);
475 			if (err)
476 				goto cleanup;
477 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
478 		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX_UNPRIV))) {
479 			err = push_msg(msg, &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
480 			if (err)
481 				goto cleanup;
482 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
483 		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX))) {
484 			if (arch_mask == 0) {
485 				PRINT_FAIL("__jited used before __arch_*");
486 				goto cleanup;
487 			}
488 			if (collect_jit) {
489 				err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &jit_on_next_line,
490 						      &spec->priv.jited);
491 				if (err)
492 					goto cleanup;
493 				spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
494 			}
495 		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX_UNPRIV))) {
496 			if (arch_mask == 0) {
497 				PRINT_FAIL("__unpriv_jited used before __arch_*");
498 				goto cleanup;
499 			}
500 			if (collect_jit) {
501 				err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &unpriv_jit_on_next_line,
502 						      &spec->unpriv.jited);
503 				if (err)
504 					goto cleanup;
505 				spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
506 			}
507 		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX))) {
508 			err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &xlated_on_next_line,
509 					      &spec->priv.expect_xlated);
510 			if (err)
511 				goto cleanup;
512 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
513 		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX_UNPRIV))) {
514 			err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &unpriv_xlated_on_next_line,
515 					      &spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
516 			if (err)
517 				goto cleanup;
518 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
519 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_RETVAL_PFX)) {
520 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_RETVAL_PFX) - 1;
521 			err = parse_retval(val, &spec->priv.retval, "__retval");
522 			if (err)
523 				goto cleanup;
524 			spec->priv.execute = true;
525 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
526 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_RETVAL_PFX_UNPRIV)) {
527 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_RETVAL_PFX_UNPRIV) - 1;
528 			err = parse_retval(val, &spec->unpriv.retval, "__retval_unpriv");
529 			if (err)
530 				goto cleanup;
531 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
532 			spec->unpriv.execute = true;
533 			has_unpriv_retval = true;
534 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_LOG_LEVEL_PFX)) {
535 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_LOG_LEVEL_PFX) - 1;
536 			err = parse_int(val, &spec->log_level, "test log level");
537 			if (err)
538 				goto cleanup;
539 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_PROG_FLAGS_PFX)) {
540 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_PROG_FLAGS_PFX) - 1;
541 
542 			clear = val[0] == '!';
543 			if (clear)
544 				val++;
545 
546 			if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT") == 0) {
547 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT, clear);
548 			} else if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT") == 0) {
549 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT, clear);
550 			} else if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32") == 0) {
551 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_TEST_RND_HI32, clear);
552 			} else if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ") == 0) {
553 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ, clear);
554 			} else if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_SLEEPABLE") == 0) {
555 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_SLEEPABLE, clear);
556 			} else if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_XDP_HAS_FRAGS") == 0) {
557 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_XDP_HAS_FRAGS, clear);
558 			} else if (strcmp(val, "BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS") == 0) {
559 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, BPF_F_TEST_REG_INVARIANTS, clear);
560 			} else /* assume numeric value */ {
561 				err = parse_int(val, &flags, "test prog flags");
562 				if (err)
563 					goto cleanup;
564 				update_flags(&spec->prog_flags, flags, clear);
565 			}
566 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_ARCH)) {
567 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_ARCH) - 1;
568 			if (strcmp(val, "X86_64") == 0) {
569 				arch = ARCH_X86_64;
570 			} else if (strcmp(val, "ARM64") == 0) {
571 				arch = ARCH_ARM64;
572 			} else if (strcmp(val, "RISCV64") == 0) {
573 				arch = ARCH_RISCV64;
574 			} else {
575 				PRINT_FAIL("bad arch spec: '%s'", val);
576 				err = -EINVAL;
577 				goto cleanup;
578 			}
579 			arch_mask |= arch;
580 			collect_jit = get_current_arch() == arch;
581 			unpriv_jit_on_next_line = true;
582 			jit_on_next_line = true;
583 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_BTF_PATH)) {
584 			spec->btf_custom_path = s + sizeof(TEST_BTF_PATH) - 1;
585 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_CAPS_UNPRIV)) {
586 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_CAPS_UNPRIV) - 1;
587 			err = parse_caps(val, &spec->unpriv.caps, "test caps");
588 			if (err)
589 				goto cleanup;
590 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
591 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_LOAD_MODE_PFX)) {
592 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_LOAD_MODE_PFX) - 1;
593 			if (strcmp(val, "jited") == 0) {
594 				load_mask = JITED;
595 			} else if (strcmp(val, "no_jited") == 0) {
596 				load_mask = NO_JITED;
597 			} else {
598 				PRINT_FAIL("bad load spec: '%s'", val);
599 				err = -EINVAL;
600 				goto cleanup;
601 			}
602 		}
603 	}
604 
605 	spec->arch_mask = arch_mask ?: -1;
606 	spec->load_mask = load_mask ?: (JITED | NO_JITED);
607 
608 	if (spec->mode_mask == 0)
609 		spec->mode_mask = PRIV;
610 
611 	if (!description)
612 		description = spec->prog_name;
613 
614 	if (spec->mode_mask & PRIV) {
615 		spec->priv.name = strdup(description);
616 		if (!spec->priv.name) {
617 			PRINT_FAIL("failed to allocate memory for priv.name\n");
618 			err = -ENOMEM;
619 			goto cleanup;
620 		}
621 	}
622 
623 	if (spec->mode_mask & UNPRIV) {
624 		int descr_len = strlen(description);
625 		const char *suffix = " @unpriv";
626 		char *name;
627 
628 		name = malloc(descr_len + strlen(suffix) + 1);
629 		if (!name) {
630 			PRINT_FAIL("failed to allocate memory for unpriv.name\n");
631 			err = -ENOMEM;
632 			goto cleanup;
633 		}
634 
635 		strcpy(name, description);
636 		strcpy(&name[descr_len], suffix);
637 		spec->unpriv.name = name;
638 	}
639 
640 	if (spec->mode_mask & (PRIV | UNPRIV)) {
641 		if (!has_unpriv_result)
642 			spec->unpriv.expect_failure = spec->priv.expect_failure;
643 
644 		if (!has_unpriv_retval) {
645 			spec->unpriv.retval = spec->priv.retval;
646 			spec->unpriv.execute = spec->priv.execute;
647 		}
648 
649 		if (spec->unpriv.expect_msgs.cnt == 0)
650 			clone_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_msgs, &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
651 		if (spec->unpriv.expect_xlated.cnt == 0)
652 			clone_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_xlated, &spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
653 		if (spec->unpriv.jited.cnt == 0)
654 			clone_msgs(&spec->priv.jited, &spec->unpriv.jited);
655 	}
656 
657 	spec->valid = true;
658 
659 	return 0;
660 
661 cleanup:
662 	free_test_spec(spec);
663 	return err;
664 }
665 
666 static void prepare_case(struct test_loader *tester,
667 			 struct test_spec *spec,
668 			 struct bpf_object *obj,
669 			 struct bpf_program *prog)
670 {
671 	int min_log_level = 0, prog_flags;
672 
673 	if (env.verbosity > VERBOSE_NONE)
674 		min_log_level = 1;
675 	if (env.verbosity > VERBOSE_VERY)
676 		min_log_level = 2;
677 
678 	bpf_program__set_log_buf(prog, tester->log_buf, tester->log_buf_sz);
679 
680 	/* Make sure we set at least minimal log level, unless test requires
681 	 * even higher level already. Make sure to preserve independent log
682 	 * level 4 (verifier stats), though.
683 	 */
684 	if ((spec->log_level & 3) < min_log_level)
685 		bpf_program__set_log_level(prog, (spec->log_level & 4) | min_log_level);
686 	else
687 		bpf_program__set_log_level(prog, spec->log_level);
688 
689 	prog_flags = bpf_program__flags(prog);
690 	bpf_program__set_flags(prog, prog_flags | spec->prog_flags);
691 
692 	tester->log_buf[0] = '\0';
693 }
694 
695 static void emit_verifier_log(const char *log_buf, bool force)
696 {
697 	if (!force && env.verbosity == VERBOSE_NONE)
698 		return;
699 	fprintf(stdout, "VERIFIER LOG:\n=============\n%s=============\n", log_buf);
700 }
701 
702 static void emit_xlated(const char *xlated, bool force)
703 {
704 	if (!force && env.verbosity == VERBOSE_NONE)
705 		return;
706 	fprintf(stdout, "XLATED:\n=============\n%s=============\n", xlated);
707 }
708 
709 static void emit_jited(const char *jited, bool force)
710 {
711 	if (!force && env.verbosity == VERBOSE_NONE)
712 		return;
713 	fprintf(stdout, "JITED:\n=============\n%s=============\n", jited);
714 }
715 
716 static void validate_msgs(char *log_buf, struct expected_msgs *msgs,
717 			  void (*emit_fn)(const char *buf, bool force))
718 {
719 	const char *log = log_buf, *prev_match;
720 	regmatch_t reg_match[1];
721 	int prev_match_line;
722 	int match_line;
723 	int i, j, err;
724 
725 	prev_match_line = -1;
726 	match_line = 0;
727 	prev_match = log;
728 	for (i = 0; i < msgs->cnt; i++) {
729 		struct expect_msg *msg = &msgs->patterns[i];
730 		const char *match = NULL, *pat_status;
731 		bool wrong_line = false;
732 
733 		if (!msg->is_regex) {
734 			match = strstr(log, msg->substr);
735 			if (match)
736 				log = match + strlen(msg->substr);
737 		} else {
738 			err = regexec(&msg->regex, log, 1, reg_match, 0);
739 			if (err == 0) {
740 				match = log + reg_match[0].rm_so;
741 				log += reg_match[0].rm_eo;
742 			}
743 		}
744 
745 		if (match) {
746 			for (; prev_match < match; ++prev_match)
747 				if (*prev_match == '\n')
748 					++match_line;
749 			wrong_line = msg->on_next_line && prev_match_line >= 0 &&
750 				     prev_match_line + 1 != match_line;
751 		}
752 
753 		if (!match || wrong_line) {
754 			PRINT_FAIL("expect_msg\n");
755 			if (env.verbosity == VERBOSE_NONE)
756 				emit_fn(log_buf, true /*force*/);
757 			for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
758 				msg = &msgs->patterns[j];
759 				if (j < i)
760 					pat_status = "MATCHED   ";
761 				else if (wrong_line)
762 					pat_status = "WRONG LINE";
763 				else
764 					pat_status = "EXPECTED  ";
765 				msg = &msgs->patterns[j];
766 				fprintf(stderr, "%s %s: '%s'\n",
767 					pat_status,
768 					msg->is_regex ? " REGEX" : "SUBSTR",
769 					msg->substr);
770 			}
771 			if (wrong_line) {
772 				fprintf(stderr,
773 					"expecting match at line %d, actual match is at line %d\n",
774 					prev_match_line + 1, match_line);
775 			}
776 			break;
777 		}
778 
779 		prev_match_line = match_line;
780 	}
781 }
782 
783 struct cap_state {
784 	__u64 old_caps;
785 	bool initialized;
786 };
787 
788 static int drop_capabilities(struct cap_state *caps)
789 {
790 	const __u64 caps_to_drop = (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN | 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN |
791 				    1ULL << CAP_PERFMON   | 1ULL << CAP_BPF);
792 	int err;
793 
794 	err = cap_disable_effective(caps_to_drop, &caps->old_caps);
795 	if (err) {
796 		PRINT_FAIL("failed to drop capabilities: %i, %s\n", err, strerror(-err));
797 		return err;
798 	}
799 
800 	caps->initialized = true;
801 	return 0;
802 }
803 
804 static int restore_capabilities(struct cap_state *caps)
805 {
806 	int err;
807 
808 	if (!caps->initialized)
809 		return 0;
810 
811 	err = cap_enable_effective(caps->old_caps, NULL);
812 	if (err)
813 		PRINT_FAIL("failed to restore capabilities: %i, %s\n", err, strerror(-err));
814 	caps->initialized = false;
815 	return err;
816 }
817 
818 static bool can_execute_unpriv(struct test_loader *tester, struct test_spec *spec)
819 {
820 	if (sysctl_unpriv_disabled < 0)
821 		sysctl_unpriv_disabled = get_unpriv_disabled() ? 1 : 0;
822 	if (sysctl_unpriv_disabled)
823 		return false;
824 	if ((spec->prog_flags & BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT) && !EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS)
825 		return false;
826 	return true;
827 }
828 
829 static bool is_unpriv_capable_map(struct bpf_map *map)
830 {
831 	enum bpf_map_type type;
832 	__u32 flags;
833 
834 	type = bpf_map__type(map);
835 
836 	switch (type) {
837 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH:
838 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH:
839 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS:
840 		flags = bpf_map__map_flags(map);
841 		return !(flags & BPF_F_ZERO_SEED);
842 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE:
843 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY:
844 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_RINGBUF:
845 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY:
846 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY:
847 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY:
848 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_USER_RINGBUF:
849 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS:
850 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE:
851 	case BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY:
852 		return true;
853 	default:
854 		return false;
855 	}
856 }
857 
858 static int do_prog_test_run(int fd_prog, int *retval, bool empty_opts)
859 {
860 	__u8 tmp_out[TEST_DATA_LEN << 2] = {};
861 	__u8 tmp_in[TEST_DATA_LEN] = {};
862 	int err, saved_errno;
863 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_test_run_opts, topts,
864 		.data_in = tmp_in,
865 		.data_size_in = sizeof(tmp_in),
866 		.data_out = tmp_out,
867 		.data_size_out = sizeof(tmp_out),
868 		.repeat = 1,
869 	);
870 
871 	if (empty_opts) {
872 		memset(&topts, 0, sizeof(struct bpf_test_run_opts));
873 		topts.sz = sizeof(struct bpf_test_run_opts);
874 	}
875 	err = bpf_prog_test_run_opts(fd_prog, &topts);
876 	saved_errno = errno;
877 
878 	if (err) {
879 		PRINT_FAIL("FAIL: Unexpected bpf_prog_test_run error: %d (%s) ",
880 			   saved_errno, strerror(saved_errno));
881 		return err;
882 	}
883 
884 	ASSERT_OK(0, "bpf_prog_test_run");
885 	*retval = topts.retval;
886 
887 	return 0;
888 }
889 
890 static bool should_do_test_run(struct test_spec *spec, struct test_subspec *subspec)
891 {
892 	if (!subspec->execute)
893 		return false;
894 
895 	if (subspec->expect_failure)
896 		return false;
897 
898 	if ((spec->prog_flags & BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT) && !EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS) {
899 		if (env.verbosity != VERBOSE_NONE)
900 			printf("alignment prevents execution\n");
901 		return false;
902 	}
903 
904 	return true;
905 }
906 
907 /* Get a disassembly of BPF program after verifier applies all rewrites */
908 static int get_xlated_program_text(int prog_fd, char *text, size_t text_sz)
909 {
910 	struct bpf_insn *insn_start = NULL, *insn, *insn_end;
911 	__u32 insns_cnt = 0, i;
912 	char buf[64];
913 	FILE *out = NULL;
914 	int err;
915 
916 	err = get_xlated_program(prog_fd, &insn_start, &insns_cnt);
917 	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "get_xlated_program"))
918 		goto out;
919 	out = fmemopen(text, text_sz, "w");
920 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(out, "open_memstream"))
921 		goto out;
922 	insn_end = insn_start + insns_cnt;
923 	insn = insn_start;
924 	while (insn < insn_end) {
925 		i = insn - insn_start;
926 		insn = disasm_insn(insn, buf, sizeof(buf));
927 		fprintf(out, "%d: %s\n", i, buf);
928 	}
929 	fflush(out);
930 
931 out:
932 	free(insn_start);
933 	if (out)
934 		fclose(out);
935 	return err;
936 }
937 
938 /* this function is forced noinline and has short generic name to look better
939  * in test_progs output (in case of a failure)
940  */
941 static noinline
942 void run_subtest(struct test_loader *tester,
943 		 struct bpf_object_open_opts *open_opts,
944 		 const void *obj_bytes,
945 		 size_t obj_byte_cnt,
946 		 struct test_spec *specs,
947 		 struct test_spec *spec,
948 		 bool unpriv)
949 {
950 	struct test_subspec *subspec = unpriv ? &spec->unpriv : &spec->priv;
951 	int current_runtime = is_jit_enabled() ? JITED : NO_JITED;
952 	struct bpf_program *tprog = NULL, *tprog_iter;
953 	struct bpf_link *link, *links[32] = {};
954 	struct test_spec *spec_iter;
955 	struct cap_state caps = {};
956 	struct bpf_object *tobj;
957 	struct bpf_map *map;
958 	int retval, err, i;
959 	int links_cnt = 0;
960 	bool should_load;
961 
962 	if (!test__start_subtest(subspec->name))
963 		return;
964 
965 	if ((get_current_arch() & spec->arch_mask) == 0) {
966 		test__skip();
967 		return;
968 	}
969 
970 	if ((current_runtime & spec->load_mask) == 0) {
971 		test__skip();
972 		return;
973 	}
974 
975 	if (unpriv) {
976 		if (!can_execute_unpriv(tester, spec)) {
977 			test__skip();
978 			test__end_subtest();
979 			return;
980 		}
981 		if (drop_capabilities(&caps)) {
982 			test__end_subtest();
983 			return;
984 		}
985 		if (subspec->caps) {
986 			err = cap_enable_effective(subspec->caps, NULL);
987 			if (err) {
988 				PRINT_FAIL("failed to set capabilities: %i, %s\n", err, strerror(-err));
989 				goto subtest_cleanup;
990 			}
991 		}
992 	}
993 
994 	/* Implicitly reset to NULL if next test case doesn't specify */
995 	open_opts->btf_custom_path = spec->btf_custom_path;
996 
997 	tobj = bpf_object__open_mem(obj_bytes, obj_byte_cnt, open_opts);
998 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(tobj, "obj_open_mem")) /* shouldn't happen */
999 		goto subtest_cleanup;
1000 
1001 	i = 0;
1002 	bpf_object__for_each_program(tprog_iter, tobj) {
1003 		spec_iter = &specs[i++];
1004 		should_load = false;
1005 
1006 		if (spec_iter->valid) {
1007 			if (strcmp(bpf_program__name(tprog_iter), spec->prog_name) == 0) {
1008 				tprog = tprog_iter;
1009 				should_load = true;
1010 			}
1011 
1012 			if (spec_iter->auxiliary &&
1013 			    spec_iter->mode_mask & (unpriv ? UNPRIV : PRIV))
1014 				should_load = true;
1015 		}
1016 
1017 		bpf_program__set_autoload(tprog_iter, should_load);
1018 	}
1019 
1020 	prepare_case(tester, spec, tobj, tprog);
1021 
1022 	/* By default bpf_object__load() automatically creates all
1023 	 * maps declared in the skeleton. Some map types are only
1024 	 * allowed in priv mode. Disable autoload for such maps in
1025 	 * unpriv mode.
1026 	 */
1027 	bpf_object__for_each_map(map, tobj)
1028 		bpf_map__set_autocreate(map, !unpriv || is_unpriv_capable_map(map));
1029 
1030 	err = bpf_object__load(tobj);
1031 	if (subspec->expect_failure) {
1032 		if (!ASSERT_ERR(err, "unexpected_load_success")) {
1033 			emit_verifier_log(tester->log_buf, false /*force*/);
1034 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1035 		}
1036 	} else {
1037 		if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "unexpected_load_failure")) {
1038 			emit_verifier_log(tester->log_buf, true /*force*/);
1039 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1040 		}
1041 	}
1042 	emit_verifier_log(tester->log_buf, false /*force*/);
1043 	validate_msgs(tester->log_buf, &subspec->expect_msgs, emit_verifier_log);
1044 
1045 	if (subspec->expect_xlated.cnt) {
1046 		err = get_xlated_program_text(bpf_program__fd(tprog),
1047 					      tester->log_buf, tester->log_buf_sz);
1048 		if (err)
1049 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1050 		emit_xlated(tester->log_buf, false /*force*/);
1051 		validate_msgs(tester->log_buf, &subspec->expect_xlated, emit_xlated);
1052 	}
1053 
1054 	if (subspec->jited.cnt) {
1055 		err = get_jited_program_text(bpf_program__fd(tprog),
1056 					     tester->log_buf, tester->log_buf_sz);
1057 		if (err == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
1058 			printf("%s:SKIP: jited programs disassembly is not supported,\n", __func__);
1059 			printf("%s:SKIP: tests are built w/o LLVM development libs\n", __func__);
1060 			test__skip();
1061 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1062 		}
1063 		if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "get_jited_program_text"))
1064 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1065 		emit_jited(tester->log_buf, false /*force*/);
1066 		validate_msgs(tester->log_buf, &subspec->jited, emit_jited);
1067 	}
1068 
1069 	if (should_do_test_run(spec, subspec)) {
1070 		/* For some reason test_verifier executes programs
1071 		 * with all capabilities restored. Do the same here.
1072 		 */
1073 		if (restore_capabilities(&caps))
1074 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1075 
1076 		/* Do bpf_map__attach_struct_ops() for each struct_ops map.
1077 		 * This should trigger bpf_struct_ops->reg callback on kernel side.
1078 		 */
1079 		bpf_object__for_each_map(map, tobj) {
1080 			if (!bpf_map__autocreate(map) ||
1081 			    bpf_map__type(map) != BPF_MAP_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS)
1082 				continue;
1083 			if (links_cnt >= ARRAY_SIZE(links)) {
1084 				PRINT_FAIL("too many struct_ops maps");
1085 				goto tobj_cleanup;
1086 			}
1087 			link = bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(map);
1088 			if (!link) {
1089 				PRINT_FAIL("bpf_map__attach_struct_ops failed for map %s: err=%d\n",
1090 					   bpf_map__name(map), err);
1091 				goto tobj_cleanup;
1092 			}
1093 			links[links_cnt++] = link;
1094 		}
1095 
1096 		if (tester->pre_execution_cb) {
1097 			err = tester->pre_execution_cb(tobj);
1098 			if (err) {
1099 				PRINT_FAIL("pre_execution_cb failed: %d\n", err);
1100 				goto tobj_cleanup;
1101 			}
1102 		}
1103 
1104 		do_prog_test_run(bpf_program__fd(tprog), &retval,
1105 				 bpf_program__type(tprog) == BPF_PROG_TYPE_SYSCALL ? true : false);
1106 		if (retval != subspec->retval && subspec->retval != POINTER_VALUE) {
1107 			PRINT_FAIL("Unexpected retval: %d != %d\n", retval, subspec->retval);
1108 			goto tobj_cleanup;
1109 		}
1110 		/* redo bpf_map__attach_struct_ops for each test */
1111 		while (links_cnt > 0)
1112 			bpf_link__destroy(links[--links_cnt]);
1113 	}
1114 
1115 tobj_cleanup:
1116 	while (links_cnt > 0)
1117 		bpf_link__destroy(links[--links_cnt]);
1118 	bpf_object__close(tobj);
1119 subtest_cleanup:
1120 	test__end_subtest();
1121 	restore_capabilities(&caps);
1122 }
1123 
1124 static void process_subtest(struct test_loader *tester,
1125 			    const char *skel_name,
1126 			    skel_elf_bytes_fn elf_bytes_factory)
1127 {
1128 	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_object_open_opts, open_opts, .object_name = skel_name);
1129 	struct test_spec *specs = NULL;
1130 	struct bpf_object *obj = NULL;
1131 	struct bpf_program *prog;
1132 	const void *obj_bytes;
1133 	int err, i, nr_progs;
1134 	size_t obj_byte_cnt;
1135 
1136 	if (tester_init(tester) < 0)
1137 		return; /* failed to initialize tester */
1138 
1139 	obj_bytes = elf_bytes_factory(&obj_byte_cnt);
1140 	obj = bpf_object__open_mem(obj_bytes, obj_byte_cnt, &open_opts);
1141 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(obj, "obj_open_mem"))
1142 		return;
1143 
1144 	nr_progs = 0;
1145 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj)
1146 		++nr_progs;
1147 
1148 	specs = calloc(nr_progs, sizeof(struct test_spec));
1149 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(specs, "specs_alloc"))
1150 		return;
1151 
1152 	i = 0;
1153 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1154 		/* ignore tests for which  we can't derive test specification */
1155 		err = parse_test_spec(tester, obj, prog, &specs[i++]);
1156 		if (err)
1157 			PRINT_FAIL("Can't parse test spec for program '%s'\n",
1158 				   bpf_program__name(prog));
1159 	}
1160 
1161 	i = 0;
1162 	bpf_object__for_each_program(prog, obj) {
1163 		struct test_spec *spec = &specs[i++];
1164 
1165 		if (!spec->valid || spec->auxiliary)
1166 			continue;
1167 
1168 		if (spec->mode_mask & PRIV)
1169 			run_subtest(tester, &open_opts, obj_bytes, obj_byte_cnt,
1170 				    specs, spec, false);
1171 		if (spec->mode_mask & UNPRIV)
1172 			run_subtest(tester, &open_opts, obj_bytes, obj_byte_cnt,
1173 				    specs, spec, true);
1174 
1175 	}
1176 
1177 	for (i = 0; i < nr_progs; ++i)
1178 		free_test_spec(&specs[i]);
1179 	free(specs);
1180 	bpf_object__close(obj);
1181 }
1182 
1183 void test_loader__run_subtests(struct test_loader *tester,
1184 			       const char *skel_name,
1185 			       skel_elf_bytes_fn elf_bytes_factory)
1186 {
1187 	/* see comment in run_subtest() for why we do this function nesting */
1188 	process_subtest(tester, skel_name, elf_bytes_factory);
1189 }
1190