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/linux/drivers/cpufreq/
H A Dcpufreq_userspace.c34 struct userspace_policy *userspace = policy->governor_data; in cpufreq_set() local
38 mutex_lock(&userspace->mutex); in cpufreq_set()
39 if (!userspace->is_managed) in cpufreq_set()
42 userspace->setspeed = freq; in cpufreq_set()
46 mutex_unlock(&userspace->mutex); in cpufreq_set()
52 struct userspace_policy *userspace = policy->governor_data; in show_speed() local
54 return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", userspace->setspeed); in show_speed()
59 struct userspace_policy *userspace; in cpufreq_userspace_policy_init() local
61 userspace = kzalloc_obj(*userspace); in cpufreq_userspace_policy_init()
62 if (!userspace) in cpufreq_userspace_policy_init()
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/linux/Documentation/
H A D.renames.txt11 accelerators/ocxl userspace-api/accelerators/ocxl
12 admin-guide/gpio/sysfs userspace-api/gpio/sysfs
190 driver-api/dcdbas userspace-api/dcdbas
195 driver-api/isapnp userspace-api/isapnp
216 early-userspace/buffer-format driver-api/early-userspace/buffer-format
217 early-userspace/early_userspace_support driver-api/early-userspace/early_userspace_support
218 early-userspace/index driver-api/early-userspace/index
255 gpio/sysfs userspace-api/gpio/sysfs
281 ioctl/cdrom userspace-api/ioctl/cdrom
282 ioctl/hdio userspace-api/ioctl/hdio
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/linux/Documentation/networking/
H A Dmac80211-auth-assoc-deauth.txt9 participant userspace
14 userspace->mac80211: authenticate
44 mac80211->userspace: RX auth frame
48 userspace->mac80211: associate
71 mac80211->userspace: associated
73 note left of userspace: associated now
76 note over userspace
80 userspace->mac80211: authorized
84 userspace->mac80211: deauthenticate/disassociate
95 mac80211->userspace: disconnected
H A Doperstates.rst22 Thanks to 802.1X, userspace must be granted the possibility to
26 and changeable from userspace under certain rules.
29 2. Querying from userspace
35 important for setting from userspace.
59 Interface is in unknown state, neither driver nor userspace has set
92 contains link policy. This is needed for userspace interaction
115 real hardware, it is possible to set this bit from userspace. One
145 IF_OPER_UP if userspace interaction is disabled. Otherwise
146 IF_OPER_DORMANT with the possibility for userspace to initiate the
150 4. Setting from userspace
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H A Dopenvswitch.rst7 The Open vSwitch kernel module allows flexible userspace control over
16 table" that userspace populates with "flows" that map from keys based
24 no match, it queues the packet to userspace for processing (as part of
25 its processing, userspace will likely set up a flow to handle further
38 to Open vSwitch is designed to allow carefully written userspace
42 kernel module passes a packet to userspace, it also passes along the
47 - If userspace's notion of the flow key for the packet matches the
50 - If the kernel's flow key includes more fields than the userspace
52 headers but userspace stopped at the Ethernet type (because it
57 - If the userspace flow key includes more fields than the
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/linux/Documentation/filesystems/
H A Didmappings.rst7 reading from or writing ownership to disk, reporting ownership to userspace, or
16 in userspace is::
81 ``(uid_t)-1`` or overflowgid ``(gid_t)-1`` to userspace.
126 of userspace ids into a range of kernel ids::
128 userspace-id:kernel-id:range
130 A userspace id is always an element in the upper idmapset of an idmapping of
133 "userspace id" will be used to refer to the well known ``uid_t`` and ``gid_t``
138 A userspace id on the other hand is an id that is reported to userspace by the
139 kernel, or is passed by userspace to the kernel, or a raw device id that is
143 how userspace would specify them.
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/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/
H A Ddm-init.rst8 The first is to build an initial ramdisk which boots to a minimal userspace
41 activation of certain DM targets without first using userspace tools to check
45 `cache` constrained, userspace should verify cache device
48 `era` constrained, userspace should verify metadata device
51 `log-writes` constrained, userspace should verify metadata device
52 `mirror` constrained, userspace should verify main/mirror device
53 `raid` constrained, userspace should verify metadata device
54 `snapshot` constrained, userspace should verify src/dst device
56 `snapshot-merge` constrained, userspace should verify src/dst device
58 `switch` constrained, userspace should verify dev path
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H A Ddm-log.rst25 userspace drivers/md/dm-log-userspace* include/linux/dm-log-userspace.h
40 The "userspace" log type
42 This log type simply provides a way to export the log API to userspace,
44 logging requests to userspace, where a daemon receives and processes the
47 The structure used for communication between kernel and userspace are
48 located in include/linux/dm-log-userspace.h. Due to the frequency,
50 kernel and userspace, 'connector' is used as the interface for
53 There are currently two userspace log implementations that leverage this
/linux/drivers/dma-buf/
H A DKconfig10 userspace. It enables send/receive 'struct dma_fence' objects to/from
11 userspace via Sync File fds for synchronization between drivers via
12 userspace components. It has been ported from Android.
16 is attached to the buffer and is transferred via userspace, using Sync
31 drivers from userspace. Intended for test and debug only.
34 bool "userspace dmabuf misc driver"
40 A driver to let userspace turn memfd regions into dma-bufs.
66 allows userspace to allocate dma-bufs that can be shared
/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/
H A Dvmscape.rst7 prediction in host userspace. It particularly affects hypervisors like QEMU.
10 guest-userspace may be able to attack the guest-kernel using the hypervisor as
39 IBPB before the first exit to userspace after VM-exit. If userspace did not run
42 Note that the existing userspace mitigation against Spectre-v2 is effective in
43 protecting the userspace. They are insufficient to protect the userspace VMMs
45 context switch time, while the userspace VMM can run after a VM-exit without a
83 * 'Mitigation: IBPB before exit to userspace':
87 exit to userspace after VM-exit.
/linux/Documentation/ABI/testing/
H A Ddebugfs-scmi9 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
20 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
28 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
36 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
44 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
52 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
61 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
70 Users: Debugging, any userspace test suite
H A Dsysfs-driver-uniwill-laptop6 Allows userspace applications to enable/disable the FN lock feature
16 Allows userspace applications to enable/disable the super key of the integrated
26 Allows userspace applications to enable/disable the touchpad toggle functionality
60 Allows userspace applications to set the configurable TGP offset on top of the base
74 Allows userspace applications to choose the USB-C power distribution profile between
87 Allows userspace applications to configure if the device should boot automatically
99 Allows userspace applications to configure if the device should continue to provide
/linux/Documentation/driver-api/
H A Dsync_file.rst13 to/from userspace. It enables userspace to do explicit fencing, where instead
15 driver) sends the fence related to the buffer to userspace via a sync_file.
23 Sync files allows userspace awareness on buffer sharing synchronization between
32 Sync files can go either to or from userspace. When a sync_file is sent from
33 the driver to userspace we call the fences it contains 'out-fences'. They are
40 userspace we call these fence(s) 'in-fences'. Receiving in-fences means that
47 When a driver needs to send an out-fence userspace it creates a sync_file.
63 The sync_file fd now can be sent to userspace.
71 When userspace needs to send an in-fence to the driver it passes file descriptor
/linux/Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/
H A Dacpi-lid.rst49 Exceptions for the userspace users of the ACPI lid device driver
52 The ACPI button driver exports the lid state to the userspace via the
59 it is advised for the userspace program to not to solely rely on this file
62 The ACPI button driver emits the following input event to the userspace:
66 triggered events to the userspace. However, given the fact that the buggy
70 If the userspace hasn't been prepared to ignore the unreliable "opened"
84 This option is the default behavior during the period the userspace
96 If the userspace has been prepared to ignore the unreliable "opened" events
104 to the userspace by always pairing "closed" input events with complement
106 notifications can be delivered to the userspace when the lid is actually
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/linux/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/wwan/
H A Diosm.rst19 userspace interface MBIM "WWAN PORT" representing MBIM control channel and does
20 not play any role in managing the functionality. It is the job of a userspace
23 Examples of few such userspace application are:
36 The driver and userspace interfaces are described below. The MBIM protocol is
39 MBIM control channel userspace ABI
45 MBIM WWAN Port. The userspace end of the control channel pipe is a
51 The userspace application is responsible for all control message fragmentation
64 MBIM data channel userspace ABI
74 The userspace management application is responsible for creating new IP link
/linux/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/
H A Dusing-gpio.rst20 In Linux GPIO lines also have a userspace ABI.
22 The userspace ABI is intended for one-off deployments. Examples are prototypes,
33 from userspace will likely be a good fit for using GPIO lines from userspace as
36 Do not under any circumstances abuse the GPIO userspace ABI to cut corners in
39 any circumstances deploy any uniform products using GPIO from userspace.
41 The userspace ABI is a character device for each GPIO hardware unit (GPIO chip).
43 ``/dev/gpiochipN``. Examples of how to directly use the userspace ABI can be
/linux/drivers/connector/
H A DKconfig4 tristate "Connector - unified userspace <-> kernelspace linker"
7 This is unified userspace <-> kernelspace connector working on top
16 bool "Report process events to userspace"
20 Provide a connector that reports process events to userspace. Send
/linux/Documentation/sound/
H A Dutimers.rst12 This document describes the userspace-driven timers: virtual ALSA timers
13 which could be created and controlled by userspace applications using
21 Enabling userspace-driven timers
24 The userspace-driven timers could be enabled in the kernel using the
31 Userspace application can create a userspace-driven ALSA timer by
50 passing the timer to ``snd-aloop`` kernel module or other userspace
51 applications. There could be up to 128 userspace-driven timers in the
109 To use userspace-driven ALSA timer as a timer source of snd-aloop, pass
118 userspace-driven timers device (``SNDRV_TIMER_GLOBAL_UDRIVEN``).
120 ``resolution`` for the userspace-driven ALSA timer used with snd-aloop
/linux/Documentation/target/
H A Dtcmu-design.rst31 allows userspace programs to be written which act as iSCSI targets.
58 If the target is a userspace process, supporting these is easy. tgt,
60 modules just use the available userspace libraries for RBD and GLFS.
65 kernel, another approach is to create a userspace pass-through
86 - Cleanly handle if userspace:
96 - Simple to write a userspace backend
103 between kernel and userspace. Within this region is: a control area
108 development in userspace, and this is conceptually very close to the
112 userspace to determine how large the shared region is) and signaling
128 userspace (respectively) to put commands on the ring, and indicate
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/linux/Documentation/virt/acrn/
H A Dintroduction.rst10 ACRN userspace is an application running in the Service VM that emulates
13 hypervisor services to the ACRN userspace.
22 | |ACRN userspace| | | | |
35 ACRN userspace allocates memory for the User VM, configures and initializes the
40 interface (/dev/acrn_hsm) to userspace.
/linux/drivers/uio/
H A DKconfig6 Enable this to allow the userspace driver core code to be
7 built. This code allows userspace programs easy access to
9 to be written in userspace. Note that a small kernel driver
21 driver requires a userspace component called cif that handles
34 This kernel driver requires that the matching userspace driver
80 Automata GmbH. The userspace part of this driver will be
102 This driver requires a userspace component that comes with the card
123 together with the userspace netX stack from Hilscher.
133 A sample userspace application using this driver is available
147 to network and storage devices from userspace.
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/linux/Documentation/arch/x86/
H A Dpti.rst15 page tables for use only when running userspace applications. When
20 The userspace page tables contain only a minimal amount of kernel
38 kernels without PTI. This includes a complete mapping of userspace
44 userspace upon executing its first instruction.
46 The userspace page tables map only the kernel data needed to enter
51 For new userspace mappings, the kernel makes the entries in its
55 userspace page tables' PGD.
59 userspace page tables to manage. One PTE to lock, one set of
88 mapped into both kernel and userspace page tables. This
100 deferred until the exit to userspace, minimizing the cost.
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/linux/Documentation/accounting/
H A Dtaskstats.rst7 per-process statistics from the kernel to userspace.
30 To get statistics during a task's lifetime, userspace opens a unicast netlink
35 To obtain statistics for tasks which are exiting, the userspace listener
43 an additional record containing the per-tgid stats is also sent to userspace.
81 the task/process for which userspace wants statistics.
88 the cpumask would be "1-3,5,7-8". If userspace forgets to deregister
93 2. Response for a command: sent from the kernel in response to a userspace
123 stats in userspace alone is inefficient and potentially inaccurate (due to lack
130 gets sent to userspace (along with the per-task data).
149 interface to return them. Since userspace processes each netlink attribute
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/linux/Documentation/ABI/obsolete/
H A Dsysfs-gpio8 userspace. GPIOs are only made available to userspace by an explicit
10 kernel code, it may be exported by userspace (and unexported later).
19 /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO to userspace
34 /export ... asks the kernel to export a GPIO at HW offset X to userspace
/linux/drivers/s390/crypto/
H A Dzcrypt_msgtype6.c332 static int xcrb_msg_to_type6cprb_msgx(bool userspace, struct ap_message *ap_msg, in xcrb_msg_to_type6cprb_msgx() argument
397 if (z_copy_from_user(userspace, msg->userdata, in xcrb_msg_to_type6cprb_msgx()
440 if (z_copy_from_user(userspace, req_data, in xcrb_msg_to_type6cprb_msgx()
497 static int xcrb_msg_to_type6_ep11cprb_msgx(bool userspace, struct ap_message *ap_msg, in xcrb_msg_to_type6_ep11cprb_msgx() argument
546 if (z_copy_from_user(userspace, msg->userdata, in xcrb_msg_to_type6_ep11cprb_msgx()
692 static int convert_type86_xcrb(bool userspace, struct zcrypt_queue *zq, in convert_type86_xcrb() argument
705 if (z_copy_to_user(userspace, xcrb->reply_control_blk_addr, in convert_type86_xcrb()
717 if (z_copy_to_user(userspace, xcrb->reply_data_addr, in convert_type86_xcrb()
735 static int convert_type86_ep11_xcrb(bool userspace, struct zcrypt_queue *zq, in convert_type86_ep11_xcrb() argument
749 if (z_copy_to_user(userspace, (char __force __user *)xcrb->resp, in convert_type86_ep11_xcrb()
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