xref: /freebsd/sys/contrib/edk2/Include/Library/DebugLib.h (revision 3245fa215aca18d135839a15c80ae1c905666a37)
1 /** @file
2   Provides services to print debug and assert messages to a debug output device.
3 
4   The Debug library supports debug print and asserts based on a combination of macros and code.
5   The debug library can be turned on and off so that the debug code does not increase the size of an image.
6 
7   Note that a reserved macro named MDEPKG_NDEBUG is introduced for the intention
8   of size reduction when compiler optimization is disabled. If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is
9   defined, then debug and assert related macros wrapped by it are the NULL implementations.
10 
11 Copyright (c) 2006 - 2020, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>
12 SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent
13 
14 **/
15 
16 #ifndef __DEBUG_LIB_H__
17 #define __DEBUG_LIB_H__
18 
19 //
20 // Declare bits for PcdDebugPropertyMask
21 //
22 #define DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED       0x01
23 #define DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_PRINT_ENABLED        0x02
24 #define DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED         0x04
25 #define DEBUG_PROPERTY_CLEAR_MEMORY_ENABLED       0x08
26 #define DEBUG_PROPERTY_ASSERT_BREAKPOINT_ENABLED  0x10
27 #define DEBUG_PROPERTY_ASSERT_DEADLOOP_ENABLED    0x20
28 
29 //
30 // Declare bits for PcdDebugPrintErrorLevel and the ErrorLevel parameter of DebugPrint()
31 //
32 #define DEBUG_INIT      0x00000001  // Initialization
33 #define DEBUG_WARN      0x00000002  // Warnings
34 #define DEBUG_LOAD      0x00000004  // Load events
35 #define DEBUG_FS        0x00000008  // EFI File system
36 #define DEBUG_POOL      0x00000010  // Alloc & Free (pool)
37 #define DEBUG_PAGE      0x00000020  // Alloc & Free (page)
38 #define DEBUG_INFO      0x00000040  // Informational debug messages
39 #define DEBUG_DISPATCH  0x00000080  // PEI/DXE/SMM Dispatchers
40 #define DEBUG_VARIABLE  0x00000100  // Variable
41 #define DEBUG_BM        0x00000400  // Boot Manager
42 #define DEBUG_BLKIO     0x00001000  // BlkIo Driver
43 #define DEBUG_NET       0x00004000  // Network Io Driver
44 #define DEBUG_UNDI      0x00010000  // UNDI Driver
45 #define DEBUG_LOADFILE  0x00020000  // LoadFile
46 #define DEBUG_EVENT     0x00080000  // Event messages
47 #define DEBUG_GCD       0x00100000  // Global Coherency Database changes
48 #define DEBUG_CACHE     0x00200000  // Memory range cachability changes
49 #define DEBUG_VERBOSE   0x00400000  // Detailed debug messages that may
50                                     // significantly impact boot performance
51 #define DEBUG_ERROR     0x80000000  // Error
52 
53 //
54 // Aliases of debug message mask bits
55 //
56 #define EFI_D_INIT      DEBUG_INIT
57 #define EFI_D_WARN      DEBUG_WARN
58 #define EFI_D_LOAD      DEBUG_LOAD
59 #define EFI_D_FS        DEBUG_FS
60 #define EFI_D_POOL      DEBUG_POOL
61 #define EFI_D_PAGE      DEBUG_PAGE
62 #define EFI_D_INFO      DEBUG_INFO
63 #define EFI_D_DISPATCH  DEBUG_DISPATCH
64 #define EFI_D_VARIABLE  DEBUG_VARIABLE
65 #define EFI_D_BM        DEBUG_BM
66 #define EFI_D_BLKIO     DEBUG_BLKIO
67 #define EFI_D_NET       DEBUG_NET
68 #define EFI_D_UNDI      DEBUG_UNDI
69 #define EFI_D_LOADFILE  DEBUG_LOADFILE
70 #define EFI_D_EVENT     DEBUG_EVENT
71 #define EFI_D_VERBOSE   DEBUG_VERBOSE
72 #define EFI_D_ERROR     DEBUG_ERROR
73 
74 /**
75   Prints a debug message to the debug output device if the specified error level is enabled.
76 
77   If any bit in ErrorLevel is also set in DebugPrintErrorLevelLib function
78   GetDebugPrintErrorLevel (), then print the message specified by Format and the
79   associated variable argument list to the debug output device.
80 
81   If Format is NULL, then ASSERT().
82 
83   @param  ErrorLevel  The error level of the debug message.
84   @param  Format      The format string for the debug message to print.
85   @param  ...         The variable argument list whose contents are accessed
86                       based on the format string specified by Format.
87 
88 **/
89 VOID
90 EFIAPI
91 DebugPrint (
92   IN  UINTN        ErrorLevel,
93   IN  CONST CHAR8  *Format,
94   ...
95   );
96 
97 
98 /**
99   Prints a debug message to the debug output device if the specified
100   error level is enabled.
101 
102   If any bit in ErrorLevel is also set in DebugPrintErrorLevelLib function
103   GetDebugPrintErrorLevel (), then print the message specified by Format and
104   the associated variable argument list to the debug output device.
105 
106   If Format is NULL, then ASSERT().
107 
108   @param  ErrorLevel    The error level of the debug message.
109   @param  Format        Format string for the debug message to print.
110   @param  VaListMarker  VA_LIST marker for the variable argument list.
111 
112 **/
113 VOID
114 EFIAPI
115 DebugVPrint (
116   IN  UINTN         ErrorLevel,
117   IN  CONST CHAR8   *Format,
118   IN  VA_LIST       VaListMarker
119   );
120 
121 
122 /**
123   Prints a debug message to the debug output device if the specified
124   error level is enabled.
125   This function use BASE_LIST which would provide a more compatible
126   service than VA_LIST.
127 
128   If any bit in ErrorLevel is also set in DebugPrintErrorLevelLib function
129   GetDebugPrintErrorLevel (), then print the message specified by Format and
130   the associated variable argument list to the debug output device.
131 
132   If Format is NULL, then ASSERT().
133 
134   @param  ErrorLevel      The error level of the debug message.
135   @param  Format          Format string for the debug message to print.
136   @param  BaseListMarker  BASE_LIST marker for the variable argument list.
137 
138 **/
139 VOID
140 EFIAPI
141 DebugBPrint (
142   IN  UINTN         ErrorLevel,
143   IN  CONST CHAR8   *Format,
144   IN  BASE_LIST     BaseListMarker
145   );
146 
147 
148 /**
149   Prints an assert message containing a filename, line number, and description.
150   This may be followed by a breakpoint or a dead loop.
151 
152   Print a message of the form "ASSERT <FileName>(<LineNumber>): <Description>\n"
153   to the debug output device.  If DEBUG_PROPERTY_ASSERT_BREAKPOINT_ENABLED bit of
154   PcdDebugProperyMask is set then CpuBreakpoint() is called. Otherwise, if
155   DEBUG_PROPERTY_ASSERT_DEADLOOP_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set then
156   CpuDeadLoop() is called.  If neither of these bits are set, then this function
157   returns immediately after the message is printed to the debug output device.
158   DebugAssert() must actively prevent recursion.  If DebugAssert() is called while
159   processing another DebugAssert(), then DebugAssert() must return immediately.
160 
161   If FileName is NULL, then a <FileName> string of "(NULL) Filename" is printed.
162   If Description is NULL, then a <Description> string of "(NULL) Description" is printed.
163 
164   @param  FileName     The pointer to the name of the source file that generated the assert condition.
165   @param  LineNumber   The line number in the source file that generated the assert condition
166   @param  Description  The pointer to the description of the assert condition.
167 
168 **/
169 VOID
170 EFIAPI
171 DebugAssert (
172   IN CONST CHAR8  *FileName,
173   IN UINTN        LineNumber,
174   IN CONST CHAR8  *Description
175   );
176 
177 
178 /**
179   Fills a target buffer with PcdDebugClearMemoryValue, and returns the target buffer.
180 
181   This function fills Length bytes of Buffer with the value specified by
182   PcdDebugClearMemoryValue, and returns Buffer.
183 
184   If Buffer is NULL, then ASSERT().
185   If Length is greater than (MAX_ADDRESS - Buffer + 1), then ASSERT().
186 
187   @param   Buffer  The pointer to the target buffer to be filled with PcdDebugClearMemoryValue.
188   @param   Length  The number of bytes in Buffer to fill with zeros PcdDebugClearMemoryValue.
189 
190   @return  Buffer  The pointer to the target buffer filled with PcdDebugClearMemoryValue.
191 
192 **/
193 VOID *
194 EFIAPI
195 DebugClearMemory (
196   OUT VOID  *Buffer,
197   IN UINTN  Length
198   );
199 
200 
201 /**
202   Returns TRUE if ASSERT() macros are enabled.
203 
204   This function returns TRUE if the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED bit of
205   PcdDebugProperyMask is set.  Otherwise, FALSE is returned.
206 
207   @retval  TRUE    The DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set.
208   @retval  FALSE   The DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is clear.
209 
210 **/
211 BOOLEAN
212 EFIAPI
213 DebugAssertEnabled (
214   VOID
215   );
216 
217 
218 /**
219   Returns TRUE if DEBUG() macros are enabled.
220 
221   This function returns TRUE if the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_PRINT_ENABLED bit of
222   PcdDebugProperyMask is set.  Otherwise, FALSE is returned.
223 
224   @retval  TRUE    The DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_PRINT_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set.
225   @retval  FALSE   The DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_PRINT_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is clear.
226 
227 **/
228 BOOLEAN
229 EFIAPI
230 DebugPrintEnabled (
231   VOID
232   );
233 
234 
235 /**
236   Returns TRUE if DEBUG_CODE() macros are enabled.
237 
238   This function returns TRUE if the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED bit of
239   PcdDebugProperyMask is set.  Otherwise, FALSE is returned.
240 
241   @retval  TRUE    The DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set.
242   @retval  FALSE   The DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is clear.
243 
244 **/
245 BOOLEAN
246 EFIAPI
247 DebugCodeEnabled (
248   VOID
249   );
250 
251 
252 /**
253   Returns TRUE if DEBUG_CLEAR_MEMORY() macro is enabled.
254 
255   This function returns TRUE if the DEBUG_PROPERTY_CLEAR_MEMORY_ENABLED bit of
256   PcdDebugProperyMask is set.  Otherwise, FALSE is returned.
257 
258   @retval  TRUE    The DEBUG_PROPERTY_CLEAR_MEMORY_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set.
259   @retval  FALSE   The DEBUG_PROPERTY_CLEAR_MEMORY_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is clear.
260 
261 **/
262 BOOLEAN
263 EFIAPI
264 DebugClearMemoryEnabled (
265   VOID
266   );
267 
268 /**
269   Returns TRUE if any one of the bit is set both in ErrorLevel and PcdFixedDebugPrintErrorLevel.
270 
271   This function compares the bit mask of ErrorLevel and PcdFixedDebugPrintErrorLevel.
272 
273   @retval  TRUE    Current ErrorLevel is supported.
274   @retval  FALSE   Current ErrorLevel is not supported.
275 
276 **/
277 BOOLEAN
278 EFIAPI
279 DebugPrintLevelEnabled (
280   IN  CONST UINTN        ErrorLevel
281   );
282 
283 /**
284   Internal worker macro that calls DebugAssert().
285 
286   This macro calls DebugAssert(), passing in the filename, line number, and an
287   expression that evaluated to FALSE.
288 
289   @param  Expression  Boolean expression that evaluated to FALSE
290 
291 **/
292 #if defined(__clang__) && defined(__FILE_NAME__)
293 #define _ASSERT(Expression)  DebugAssert (__FILE_NAME__, __LINE__, #Expression)
294 #else
295 #define _ASSERT(Expression)  DebugAssert (__FILE__, __LINE__, #Expression)
296 #endif
297 
298 
299 /**
300   Internal worker macro that calls DebugPrint().
301 
302   This macro calls DebugPrint() passing in the debug error level, a format
303   string, and a variable argument list.
304   __VA_ARGS__ is not supported by EBC compiler, Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003
305   and Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Driver Development Kit (Microsoft WINDDK) version 3790.1830.
306 
307   @param  Expression  Expression containing an error level, a format string,
308                       and a variable argument list based on the format string.
309 
310 **/
311 
312 #if !defined(MDE_CPU_EBC) && (!defined (_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER > 1400)
313   #define _DEBUG_PRINT(PrintLevel, ...)              \
314     do {                                             \
315       if (DebugPrintLevelEnabled (PrintLevel)) {     \
316         DebugPrint (PrintLevel, ##__VA_ARGS__);      \
317       }                                              \
318     } while (FALSE)
319   #define _DEBUG(Expression)   _DEBUG_PRINT Expression
320 #else
321 #define _DEBUG(Expression)   DebugPrint Expression
322 #endif
323 
324 /**
325   Macro that calls DebugAssert() if an expression evaluates to FALSE.
326 
327   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is not defined and the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED
328   bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set, then this macro evaluates the Boolean
329   expression specified by Expression.  If Expression evaluates to FALSE, then
330   DebugAssert() is called passing in the source filename, source line number,
331   and Expression.
332 
333   @param  Expression  Boolean expression.
334 
335 **/
336 #if !defined(MDEPKG_NDEBUG)
337   #define ASSERT(Expression)        \
338     do {                            \
339       if (DebugAssertEnabled ()) {  \
340         if (!(Expression)) {        \
341           _ASSERT (Expression);     \
342           ANALYZER_UNREACHABLE ();  \
343         }                           \
344       }                             \
345     } while (FALSE)
346 #else
347   #define ASSERT(Expression)
348 #endif
349 
350 /**
351   Macro that calls DebugPrint().
352 
353   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is not defined and the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_PRINT_ENABLED
354   bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set, then this macro passes Expression to
355   DebugPrint().
356 
357   @param  Expression  Expression containing an error level, a format string,
358                       and a variable argument list based on the format string.
359 
360 
361 **/
362 #if !defined(MDEPKG_NDEBUG)
363   #define DEBUG(Expression)        \
364     do {                           \
365       if (DebugPrintEnabled ()) {  \
366         _DEBUG (Expression);       \
367       }                            \
368     } while (FALSE)
369 #else
370   #define DEBUG(Expression)
371 #endif
372 
373 /**
374   Macro that calls DebugAssert() if an EFI_STATUS evaluates to an error code.
375 
376   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is not defined and the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED
377   bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set, then this macro evaluates the EFI_STATUS
378   value specified by StatusParameter.  If StatusParameter is an error code,
379   then DebugAssert() is called passing in the source filename, source line
380   number, and StatusParameter.
381 
382   @param  StatusParameter  EFI_STATUS value to evaluate.
383 
384 **/
385 #if !defined(MDEPKG_NDEBUG)
386   #define ASSERT_EFI_ERROR(StatusParameter)                                              \
387     do {                                                                                 \
388       if (DebugAssertEnabled ()) {                                                       \
389         if (EFI_ERROR (StatusParameter)) {                                               \
390           DEBUG ((EFI_D_ERROR, "\nASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status = %r)\n", StatusParameter));  \
391           _ASSERT (!EFI_ERROR (StatusParameter));                                        \
392         }                                                                                \
393       }                                                                                  \
394     } while (FALSE)
395 #else
396   #define ASSERT_EFI_ERROR(StatusParameter)
397 #endif
398 
399 /**
400   Macro that calls DebugAssert() if a RETURN_STATUS evaluates to an error code.
401 
402   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is not defined and the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED
403   bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set, then this macro evaluates the
404   RETURN_STATUS value specified by StatusParameter.  If StatusParameter is an
405   error code, then DebugAssert() is called passing in the source filename,
406   source line number, and StatusParameter.
407 
408   @param  StatusParameter  RETURN_STATUS value to evaluate.
409 
410 **/
411 #if !defined(MDEPKG_NDEBUG)
412   #define ASSERT_RETURN_ERROR(StatusParameter)                          \
413     do {                                                                \
414       if (DebugAssertEnabled ()) {                                      \
415         if (RETURN_ERROR (StatusParameter)) {                           \
416           DEBUG ((DEBUG_ERROR, "\nASSERT_RETURN_ERROR (Status = %r)\n", \
417             StatusParameter));                                          \
418           _ASSERT (!RETURN_ERROR (StatusParameter));                    \
419         }                                                               \
420       }                                                                 \
421     } while (FALSE)
422 #else
423   #define ASSERT_RETURN_ERROR(StatusParameter)
424 #endif
425 
426 /**
427   Macro that calls DebugAssert() if a protocol is already installed in the
428   handle database.
429 
430   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is defined or the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED bit
431   of PcdDebugProperyMask is clear, then return.
432 
433   If Handle is NULL, then a check is made to see if the protocol specified by Guid
434   is present on any handle in the handle database.  If Handle is not NULL, then
435   a check is made to see if the protocol specified by Guid is present on the
436   handle specified by Handle.  If the check finds the protocol, then DebugAssert()
437   is called passing in the source filename, source line number, and Guid.
438 
439   If Guid is NULL, then ASSERT().
440 
441   @param  Handle  The handle to check for the protocol.  This is an optional
442                   parameter that may be NULL.  If it is NULL, then the entire
443                   handle database is searched.
444 
445   @param  Guid    The pointer to a protocol GUID.
446 
447 **/
448 #if !defined(MDEPKG_NDEBUG)
449   #define ASSERT_PROTOCOL_ALREADY_INSTALLED(Handle, Guid)                               \
450     do {                                                                                \
451       if (DebugAssertEnabled ()) {                                                      \
452         VOID  *Instance;                                                                \
453         ASSERT (Guid != NULL);                                                          \
454         if (Handle == NULL) {                                                           \
455           if (!EFI_ERROR (gBS->LocateProtocol ((EFI_GUID *)Guid, NULL, &Instance))) {   \
456             _ASSERT (Guid already installed in database);                               \
457           }                                                                             \
458         } else {                                                                        \
459           if (!EFI_ERROR (gBS->HandleProtocol (Handle, (EFI_GUID *)Guid, &Instance))) { \
460             _ASSERT (Guid already installed on Handle);                                 \
461           }                                                                             \
462         }                                                                               \
463       }                                                                                 \
464     } while (FALSE)
465 #else
466   #define ASSERT_PROTOCOL_ALREADY_INSTALLED(Handle, Guid)
467 #endif
468 
469 /**
470   Macro that marks the beginning of debug source code.
471 
472   If the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set,
473   then this macro marks the beginning of source code that is included in a module.
474   Otherwise, the source lines between DEBUG_CODE_BEGIN() and DEBUG_CODE_END()
475   are not included in a module.
476 
477 **/
478 #define DEBUG_CODE_BEGIN()  do { if (DebugCodeEnabled ()) { UINT8  __DebugCodeLocal
479 
480 
481 /**
482   The macro that marks the end of debug source code.
483 
484   If the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set,
485   then this macro marks the end of source code that is included in a module.
486   Otherwise, the source lines between DEBUG_CODE_BEGIN() and DEBUG_CODE_END()
487   are not included in a module.
488 
489 **/
490 #define DEBUG_CODE_END()    __DebugCodeLocal = 0; __DebugCodeLocal++; } } while (FALSE)
491 
492 
493 /**
494   The macro that declares a section of debug source code.
495 
496   If the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_CODE_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set,
497   then the source code specified by Expression is included in a module.
498   Otherwise, the source specified by Expression is not included in a module.
499 
500 **/
501 #define DEBUG_CODE(Expression)  \
502   DEBUG_CODE_BEGIN ();          \
503   Expression                    \
504   DEBUG_CODE_END ()
505 
506 
507 /**
508   The macro that calls DebugClearMemory() to clear a buffer to a default value.
509 
510   If the DEBUG_PROPERTY_CLEAR_MEMORY_ENABLED bit of PcdDebugProperyMask is set,
511   then this macro calls DebugClearMemory() passing in Address and Length.
512 
513   @param  Address  The pointer to a buffer.
514   @param  Length   The number of bytes in the buffer to set.
515 
516 **/
517 #define DEBUG_CLEAR_MEMORY(Address, Length)  \
518   do {                                       \
519     if (DebugClearMemoryEnabled ()) {        \
520       DebugClearMemory (Address, Length);    \
521     }                                        \
522   } while (FALSE)
523 
524 
525 /**
526   Macro that calls DebugAssert() if the containing record does not have a
527   matching signature.  If the signatures matches, then a pointer to the data
528   structure that contains a specified field of that data structure is returned.
529   This is a lightweight method hide information by placing a public data
530   structure inside a larger private data structure and using a pointer to the
531   public data structure to retrieve a pointer to the private data structure.
532 
533   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is defined or the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED bit
534   of PcdDebugProperyMask is clear, then this macro computes the offset, in bytes,
535   of the field specified by Field from the beginning of the data structure specified
536   by TYPE.  This offset is subtracted from Record, and is used to return a pointer
537   to a data structure of the type specified by TYPE.
538 
539   If MDEPKG_NDEBUG is not defined and the DEBUG_PROPERTY_DEBUG_ASSERT_ENABLED bit
540   of PcdDebugProperyMask is set, then this macro computes the offset, in bytes,
541   of field specified by Field from the beginning of the data structure specified
542   by TYPE.  This offset is subtracted from Record, and is used to compute a pointer
543   to a data structure of the type specified by TYPE.  The Signature field of the
544   data structure specified by TYPE is compared to TestSignature.  If the signatures
545   match, then a pointer to the pointer to a data structure of the type specified by
546   TYPE is returned.  If the signatures do not match, then DebugAssert() is called
547   with a description of "CR has a bad signature" and Record is returned.
548 
549   If the data type specified by TYPE does not contain the field specified by Field,
550   then the module will not compile.
551 
552   If TYPE does not contain a field called Signature, then the module will not
553   compile.
554 
555   @param  Record         The pointer to the field specified by Field within a data
556                          structure of type TYPE.
557 
558   @param  TYPE           The name of the data structure type to return  This
559                          data structure must contain the field specified by Field.
560 
561   @param  Field          The name of the field in the data structure specified
562                          by TYPE to which Record points.
563 
564   @param  TestSignature  The 32-bit signature value to match.
565 
566 **/
567 #if !defined(MDEPKG_NDEBUG)
568   #define CR(Record, TYPE, Field, TestSignature)                                              \
569     (DebugAssertEnabled () && (BASE_CR (Record, TYPE, Field)->Signature != TestSignature)) ?  \
570     (TYPE *) (_ASSERT (CR has Bad Signature), Record) :                                       \
571     BASE_CR (Record, TYPE, Field)
572 #else
573   #define CR(Record, TYPE, Field, TestSignature)                                              \
574     BASE_CR (Record, TYPE, Field)
575 #endif
576 
577 #endif
578