1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: 0BSD
2
3 /*
4 * Wrapper for decompressing XZ-compressed kernel, initramfs, and initrd
5 *
6 * Author: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org>
7 */
8
9 /*
10 * Important notes about in-place decompression
11 *
12 * At least on x86, the kernel is decompressed in place: the compressed data
13 * is placed to the end of the output buffer, and the decompressor overwrites
14 * most of the compressed data. There must be enough safety margin to
15 * guarantee that the write position is always behind the read position.
16 *
17 * The safety margin for XZ with LZMA2 or BCJ+LZMA2 is calculated below.
18 * Note that the margin with XZ is bigger than with Deflate (gzip)!
19 *
20 * The worst case for in-place decompression is that the beginning of
21 * the file is compressed extremely well, and the rest of the file is
22 * incompressible. Thus, we must look for worst-case expansion when the
23 * compressor is encoding incompressible data.
24 *
25 * The structure of the .xz file in case of a compressed kernel is as follows.
26 * Sizes (as bytes) of the fields are in parenthesis.
27 *
28 * Stream Header (12)
29 * Block Header:
30 * Block Header (8-12)
31 * Compressed Data (N)
32 * Block Padding (0-3)
33 * CRC32 (4)
34 * Index (8-20)
35 * Stream Footer (12)
36 *
37 * Normally there is exactly one Block, but let's assume that there are
38 * 2-4 Blocks just in case. Because Stream Header and also Block Header
39 * of the first Block don't make the decompressor produce any uncompressed
40 * data, we can ignore them from our calculations. Block Headers of possible
41 * additional Blocks have to be taken into account still. With these
42 * assumptions, it is safe to assume that the total header overhead is
43 * less than 128 bytes.
44 *
45 * Compressed Data contains LZMA2 or BCJ+LZMA2 encoded data. Since BCJ
46 * doesn't change the size of the data, it is enough to calculate the
47 * safety margin for LZMA2.
48 *
49 * LZMA2 stores the data in chunks. Each chunk has a header whose size is
50 * a maximum of 6 bytes, but to get round 2^n numbers, let's assume that
51 * the maximum chunk header size is 8 bytes. After the chunk header, there
52 * may be up to 64 KiB of actual payload in the chunk. Often the payload is
53 * quite a bit smaller though; to be safe, let's assume that an average
54 * chunk has only 32 KiB of payload.
55 *
56 * The maximum uncompressed size of the payload is 2 MiB. The minimum
57 * uncompressed size of the payload is in practice never less than the
58 * payload size itself. The LZMA2 format would allow uncompressed size
59 * to be less than the payload size, but no sane compressor creates such
60 * files. LZMA2 supports storing incompressible data in uncompressed form,
61 * so there's never a need to create payloads whose uncompressed size is
62 * smaller than the compressed size.
63 *
64 * The assumption, that the uncompressed size of the payload is never
65 * smaller than the payload itself, is valid only when talking about
66 * the payload as a whole. It is possible that the payload has parts where
67 * the decompressor consumes more input than it produces output. Calculating
68 * the worst case for this would be tricky. Instead of trying to do that,
69 * let's simply make sure that the decompressor never overwrites any bytes
70 * of the payload which it is currently reading.
71 *
72 * Now we have enough information to calculate the safety margin. We need
73 * - 128 bytes for the .xz file format headers;
74 * - 8 bytes per every 32 KiB of uncompressed size (one LZMA2 chunk header
75 * per chunk, each chunk having average payload size of 32 KiB); and
76 * - 64 KiB (biggest possible LZMA2 chunk payload size) to make sure that
77 * the decompressor never overwrites anything from the LZMA2 chunk
78 * payload it is currently reading.
79 *
80 * We get the following formula:
81 *
82 * safety_margin = 128 + uncompressed_size * 8 / 32768 + 65536
83 * = 128 + (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 65536
84 *
85 * For comparison, according to arch/x86/boot/compressed/misc.c, the
86 * equivalent formula for Deflate is this:
87 *
88 * safety_margin = 18 + (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 32768
89 *
90 * Thus, when updating Deflate-only in-place kernel decompressor to
91 * support XZ, the fixed overhead has to be increased from 18+32768 bytes
92 * to 128+65536 bytes.
93 */
94
95 /*
96 * STATIC is defined to "static" if we are being built for kernel
97 * decompression (pre-boot code). <linux/decompress/mm.h> will define
98 * STATIC to empty if it wasn't already defined. Since we will need to
99 * know later if we are being used for kernel decompression, we define
100 * XZ_PREBOOT here.
101 */
102 #ifdef STATIC
103 # define XZ_PREBOOT
104 #else
105 # include <linux/decompress/unxz.h>
106 #endif
107 #ifdef __KERNEL__
108 # include <linux/decompress/mm.h>
109 #endif
110
111 #ifndef XZ_PREBOOT
112 # include <linux/slab.h>
113 # include <linux/xz.h>
114 #else
115 /*
116 * Use the internal CRC32 code instead of kernel's CRC32 module, which
117 * is not available in early phase of booting.
118 */
119 #define XZ_INTERNAL_CRC32 1
120
121 /*
122 * For boot time use, we enable only the BCJ filter of the current
123 * architecture or none if no BCJ filter is available for the architecture.
124 */
125 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
126 # define XZ_DEC_X86
127 #endif
128 #if defined(CONFIG_PPC) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_BIG_ENDIAN)
129 # define XZ_DEC_POWERPC
130 #endif
131 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM
132 # ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
133 # define XZ_DEC_ARMTHUMB
134 # else
135 # define XZ_DEC_ARM
136 # endif
137 #endif
138 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64
139 # define XZ_DEC_ARM64
140 #endif
141 #ifdef CONFIG_RISCV
142 # define XZ_DEC_RISCV
143 #endif
144 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARC
145 # define XZ_DEC_SPARC
146 #endif
147
148 /*
149 * This will get the basic headers so that memeq() and others
150 * can be defined.
151 */
152 #include "xz/xz_private.h"
153
154 /*
155 * Replace the normal allocation functions with the versions from
156 * <linux/decompress/mm.h>. vfree() needs to support vfree(NULL)
157 * when XZ_DYNALLOC is used, but the pre-boot free() doesn't support it.
158 * Workaround it here because the other decompressors don't need it.
159 */
160 #undef kmalloc
161 #undef kfree
162 #undef vmalloc
163 #undef vfree
164 #define kmalloc(size, flags) malloc(size)
165 #define kfree(ptr) free(ptr)
166 #define vmalloc(size) malloc(size)
167 #define vfree(ptr) do { if (ptr != NULL) free(ptr); } while (0)
168
169 /*
170 * FIXME: Not all basic memory functions are provided in architecture-specific
171 * files (yet). We define our own versions here for now, but this should be
172 * only a temporary solution.
173 *
174 * memeq and memzero are not used much and any remotely sane implementation
175 * is fast enough. memcpy/memmove speed matters in multi-call mode, but
176 * the kernel image is decompressed in single-call mode, in which only
177 * memmove speed can matter and only if there is a lot of incompressible data
178 * (LZMA2 stores incompressible chunks in uncompressed form). Thus, the
179 * functions below should just be kept small; it's probably not worth
180 * optimizing for speed.
181 */
182
183 #ifndef memeq
memeq(const void * a,const void * b,size_t size)184 static bool memeq(const void *a, const void *b, size_t size)
185 {
186 const uint8_t *x = a;
187 const uint8_t *y = b;
188 size_t i;
189
190 for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
191 if (x[i] != y[i])
192 return false;
193
194 return true;
195 }
196 #endif
197
198 #ifndef memzero
memzero(void * buf,size_t size)199 static void memzero(void *buf, size_t size)
200 {
201 uint8_t *b = buf;
202 uint8_t *e = b + size;
203
204 while (b != e)
205 *b++ = '\0';
206 }
207 #endif
208
209 #ifndef memmove
210 /* Not static to avoid a conflict with the prototype in the Linux headers. */
memmove(void * dest,const void * src,size_t size)211 void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t size)
212 {
213 uint8_t *d = dest;
214 const uint8_t *s = src;
215 size_t i;
216
217 if (d < s) {
218 for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
219 d[i] = s[i];
220 } else if (d > s) {
221 i = size;
222 while (i-- > 0)
223 d[i] = s[i];
224 }
225
226 return dest;
227 }
228 #endif
229
230 /*
231 * Since we need memmove anyway, we could use it as memcpy too.
232 * Commented out for now to avoid breaking things.
233 */
234 /*
235 #ifndef memcpy
236 # define memcpy memmove
237 #endif
238 */
239
240 #include "xz/xz_crc32.c"
241 #include "xz/xz_dec_stream.c"
242 #include "xz/xz_dec_lzma2.c"
243 #include "xz/xz_dec_bcj.c"
244
245 #endif /* XZ_PREBOOT */
246
247 /* Size of the input and output buffers in multi-call mode */
248 #define XZ_IOBUF_SIZE 4096
249
250 /*
251 * This function implements the API defined in <linux/decompress/generic.h>.
252 *
253 * This wrapper will automatically choose single-call or multi-call mode
254 * of the native XZ decoder API. The single-call mode can be used only when
255 * both input and output buffers are available as a single chunk, i.e. when
256 * fill() and flush() won't be used.
257 */
unxz(unsigned char * in,long in_size,long (* fill)(void * dest,unsigned long size),long (* flush)(void * src,unsigned long size),unsigned char * out,long * in_used,void (* error)(char * x))258 STATIC int INIT unxz(unsigned char *in, long in_size,
259 long (*fill)(void *dest, unsigned long size),
260 long (*flush)(void *src, unsigned long size),
261 unsigned char *out, long *in_used,
262 void (*error)(char *x))
263 {
264 struct xz_buf b;
265 struct xz_dec *s;
266 enum xz_ret ret;
267 bool must_free_in = false;
268
269 #if XZ_INTERNAL_CRC32
270 xz_crc32_init();
271 #endif
272
273 if (in_used != NULL)
274 *in_used = 0;
275
276 if (fill == NULL && flush == NULL)
277 s = xz_dec_init(XZ_SINGLE, 0);
278 else
279 s = xz_dec_init(XZ_DYNALLOC, (uint32_t)-1);
280
281 if (s == NULL)
282 goto error_alloc_state;
283
284 if (flush == NULL) {
285 b.out = out;
286 b.out_size = (size_t)-1;
287 } else {
288 b.out_size = XZ_IOBUF_SIZE;
289 b.out = malloc(XZ_IOBUF_SIZE);
290 if (b.out == NULL)
291 goto error_alloc_out;
292 }
293
294 if (in == NULL) {
295 must_free_in = true;
296 in = malloc(XZ_IOBUF_SIZE);
297 if (in == NULL)
298 goto error_alloc_in;
299 }
300
301 b.in = in;
302 b.in_pos = 0;
303 b.in_size = in_size;
304 b.out_pos = 0;
305
306 if (fill == NULL && flush == NULL) {
307 ret = xz_dec_run(s, &b);
308 } else {
309 do {
310 if (b.in_pos == b.in_size && fill != NULL) {
311 if (in_used != NULL)
312 *in_used += b.in_pos;
313
314 b.in_pos = 0;
315
316 in_size = fill(in, XZ_IOBUF_SIZE);
317 if (in_size < 0) {
318 /*
319 * This isn't an optimal error code
320 * but it probably isn't worth making
321 * a new one either.
322 */
323 ret = XZ_BUF_ERROR;
324 break;
325 }
326
327 b.in_size = in_size;
328 }
329
330 ret = xz_dec_run(s, &b);
331
332 if (flush != NULL && (b.out_pos == b.out_size
333 || (ret != XZ_OK && b.out_pos > 0))) {
334 /*
335 * Setting ret here may hide an error
336 * returned by xz_dec_run(), but probably
337 * it's not too bad.
338 */
339 if (flush(b.out, b.out_pos) != (long)b.out_pos)
340 ret = XZ_BUF_ERROR;
341
342 b.out_pos = 0;
343 }
344 } while (ret == XZ_OK);
345
346 if (must_free_in)
347 free(in);
348
349 if (flush != NULL)
350 free(b.out);
351 }
352
353 if (in_used != NULL)
354 *in_used += b.in_pos;
355
356 xz_dec_end(s);
357
358 switch (ret) {
359 case XZ_STREAM_END:
360 return 0;
361
362 case XZ_MEM_ERROR:
363 /* This can occur only in multi-call mode. */
364 error("XZ decompressor ran out of memory");
365 break;
366
367 case XZ_FORMAT_ERROR:
368 error("Input is not in the XZ format (wrong magic bytes)");
369 break;
370
371 case XZ_OPTIONS_ERROR:
372 error("Input was encoded with settings that are not "
373 "supported by this XZ decoder");
374 break;
375
376 case XZ_DATA_ERROR:
377 case XZ_BUF_ERROR:
378 error("XZ-compressed data is corrupt");
379 break;
380
381 default:
382 error("Bug in the XZ decompressor");
383 break;
384 }
385
386 return -1;
387
388 error_alloc_in:
389 if (flush != NULL)
390 free(b.out);
391
392 error_alloc_out:
393 xz_dec_end(s);
394
395 error_alloc_state:
396 error("XZ decompressor ran out of memory");
397 return -1;
398 }
399
400 /*
401 * This function is used by architecture-specific files to decompress
402 * the kernel image.
403 */
404 #ifdef XZ_PREBOOT
__decompress(unsigned char * in,long in_size,long (* fill)(void * dest,unsigned long size),long (* flush)(void * src,unsigned long size),unsigned char * out,long out_size,long * in_used,void (* error)(char * x))405 STATIC int INIT __decompress(unsigned char *in, long in_size,
406 long (*fill)(void *dest, unsigned long size),
407 long (*flush)(void *src, unsigned long size),
408 unsigned char *out, long out_size,
409 long *in_used,
410 void (*error)(char *x))
411 {
412 return unxz(in, in_size, fill, flush, out, in_used, error);
413 }
414 #endif
415