1 //===- Store.h - Interface for maps from Locations to Values ----*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This file defined the types Store and StoreManager.
10 //
11 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
12
13 #ifndef LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CORE_PATHSENSITIVE_STORE_H
14 #define LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CORE_PATHSENSITIVE_STORE_H
15
16 #include "clang/AST/Type.h"
17 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/MemRegion.h"
18 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/ProgramState_Fwd.h"
19 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SValBuilder.h"
20 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SVals.h"
21 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/StoreRef.h"
22 #include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SymExpr.h"
23 #include "clang/Basic/LLVM.h"
24 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
25 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
26 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
27 #include <cassert>
28 #include <cstdint>
29 #include <memory>
30 #include <optional>
31
32 namespace clang {
33
34 class ASTContext;
35 class CastExpr;
36 class CompoundLiteralExpr;
37 class CXXBasePath;
38 class Decl;
39 class Expr;
40 class LocationContext;
41 class ObjCIvarDecl;
42 class StackFrameContext;
43
44 namespace ento {
45
46 class CallEvent;
47 class ProgramStateManager;
48 class ScanReachableSymbols;
49 class SymbolReaper;
50
51 using InvalidatedSymbols = llvm::DenseSet<SymbolRef>;
52
53 class StoreManager {
54 protected:
55 SValBuilder &svalBuilder;
56 ProgramStateManager &StateMgr;
57
58 /// MRMgr - Manages region objects associated with this StoreManager.
59 MemRegionManager &MRMgr;
60 ASTContext &Ctx;
61
62 StoreManager(ProgramStateManager &stateMgr);
63
64 public:
65 virtual ~StoreManager() = default;
66
67 /// Return the value bound to specified location in a given state.
68 /// \param[in] store The store in which to make the lookup.
69 /// \param[in] loc The symbolic memory location.
70 /// \param[in] T An optional type that provides a hint indicating the
71 /// expected type of the returned value. This is used if the value is
72 /// lazily computed.
73 /// \return The value bound to the location \c loc.
74 virtual SVal getBinding(Store store, Loc loc, QualType T = QualType()) = 0;
75
76 /// Return the default value bound to a region in a given store. The default
77 /// binding is the value of sub-regions that were not initialized separately
78 /// from their base region. For example, if the structure is zero-initialized
79 /// upon construction, this method retrieves the concrete zero value, even if
80 /// some or all fields were later overwritten manually. Default binding may be
81 /// an unknown, undefined, concrete, or symbolic value.
82 /// \param[in] store The store in which to make the lookup.
83 /// \param[in] R The region to find the default binding for.
84 /// \return The default value bound to the region in the store, if a default
85 /// binding exists.
86 virtual std::optional<SVal> getDefaultBinding(Store store,
87 const MemRegion *R) = 0;
88
89 /// Return the default value bound to a LazyCompoundVal. The default binding
90 /// is used to represent the value of any fields or elements within the
91 /// structure represented by the LazyCompoundVal which were not initialized
92 /// explicitly separately from the whole structure. Default binding may be an
93 /// unknown, undefined, concrete, or symbolic value.
94 /// \param[in] lcv The lazy compound value.
95 /// \return The default value bound to the LazyCompoundVal \c lcv, if a
96 /// default binding exists.
getDefaultBinding(nonloc::LazyCompoundVal lcv)97 std::optional<SVal> getDefaultBinding(nonloc::LazyCompoundVal lcv) {
98 return getDefaultBinding(lcv.getStore(), lcv.getRegion());
99 }
100
101 /// Return a store with the specified value bound to the given location.
102 /// \param[in] store The store in which to make the binding.
103 /// \param[in] loc The symbolic memory location.
104 /// \param[in] val The value to bind to location \c loc.
105 /// \return A StoreRef object that contains the same
106 /// bindings as \c store with the addition of having the value specified
107 /// by \c val bound to the location given for \c loc.
108 virtual StoreRef Bind(Store store, Loc loc, SVal val) = 0;
109
110 /// Return a store with the specified value bound to all sub-regions of the
111 /// region. The region must not have previous bindings. If you need to
112 /// invalidate existing bindings, consider invalidateRegions().
113 virtual StoreRef BindDefaultInitial(Store store, const MemRegion *R,
114 SVal V) = 0;
115
116 /// Return a store with in which all values within the given region are
117 /// reset to zero. This method is allowed to overwrite previous bindings.
118 virtual StoreRef BindDefaultZero(Store store, const MemRegion *R) = 0;
119
120 /// Create a new store with the specified binding removed.
121 /// \param ST the original store, that is the basis for the new store.
122 /// \param L the location whose binding should be removed.
123 virtual StoreRef killBinding(Store ST, Loc L) = 0;
124
125 /// getInitialStore - Returns the initial "empty" store representing the
126 /// value bindings upon entry to an analyzed function.
127 virtual StoreRef getInitialStore(const LocationContext *InitLoc) = 0;
128
129 /// getRegionManager - Returns the internal RegionManager object that is
130 /// used to query and manipulate MemRegion objects.
getRegionManager()131 MemRegionManager& getRegionManager() { return MRMgr; }
132
getSValBuilder()133 SValBuilder& getSValBuilder() { return svalBuilder; }
134
getLValueVar(const VarDecl * VD,const LocationContext * LC)135 virtual Loc getLValueVar(const VarDecl *VD, const LocationContext *LC) {
136 return svalBuilder.makeLoc(MRMgr.getVarRegion(VD, LC));
137 }
138
getLValueCompoundLiteral(const CompoundLiteralExpr * CL,const LocationContext * LC)139 Loc getLValueCompoundLiteral(const CompoundLiteralExpr *CL,
140 const LocationContext *LC) {
141 return loc::MemRegionVal(MRMgr.getCompoundLiteralRegion(CL, LC));
142 }
143
144 virtual SVal getLValueIvar(const ObjCIvarDecl *decl, SVal base);
145
getLValueField(const FieldDecl * D,SVal Base)146 virtual SVal getLValueField(const FieldDecl *D, SVal Base) {
147 return getLValueFieldOrIvar(D, Base);
148 }
149
150 virtual SVal getLValueElement(QualType elementType, NonLoc offset, SVal Base);
151
152 /// ArrayToPointer - Used by ExprEngine::VistCast to handle implicit
153 /// conversions between arrays and pointers.
154 virtual SVal ArrayToPointer(Loc Array, QualType ElementTy) = 0;
155
156 /// Evaluates a chain of derived-to-base casts through the path specified in
157 /// \p Cast.
158 SVal evalDerivedToBase(SVal Derived, const CastExpr *Cast);
159
160 /// Evaluates a chain of derived-to-base casts through the specified path.
161 SVal evalDerivedToBase(SVal Derived, const CXXBasePath &CastPath);
162
163 /// Evaluates a derived-to-base cast through a single level of derivation.
164 SVal evalDerivedToBase(SVal Derived, QualType DerivedPtrType,
165 bool IsVirtual);
166
167 /// Attempts to do a down cast. Used to model BaseToDerived and C++
168 /// dynamic_cast.
169 /// The callback may result in the following 3 scenarios:
170 /// - Successful cast (ex: derived is subclass of base).
171 /// - Failed cast (ex: derived is definitely not a subclass of base).
172 /// The distinction of this case from the next one is necessary to model
173 /// dynamic_cast.
174 /// - We don't know (base is a symbolic region and we don't have
175 /// enough info to determine if the cast will succeed at run time).
176 /// The function returns an optional with SVal representing the derived class
177 /// in case of a successful cast and `std::nullopt` otherwise.
178 std::optional<SVal> evalBaseToDerived(SVal Base, QualType DerivedPtrType);
179
180 const ElementRegion *GetElementZeroRegion(const SubRegion *R, QualType T);
181
182 /// castRegion - Used by ExprEngine::VisitCast to handle casts from
183 /// a MemRegion* to a specific location type. 'R' is the region being
184 /// casted and 'CastToTy' the result type of the cast.
185 std::optional<const MemRegion *> castRegion(const MemRegion *region,
186 QualType CastToTy);
187
188 virtual StoreRef removeDeadBindings(Store store, const StackFrameContext *LCtx,
189 SymbolReaper &SymReaper) = 0;
190
191 virtual bool includedInBindings(Store store,
192 const MemRegion *region) const = 0;
193
194 /// If the StoreManager supports it, increment the reference count of
195 /// the specified Store object.
incrementReferenceCount(Store store)196 virtual void incrementReferenceCount(Store store) {}
197
198 /// If the StoreManager supports it, decrement the reference count of
199 /// the specified Store object. If the reference count hits 0, the memory
200 /// associated with the object is recycled.
decrementReferenceCount(Store store)201 virtual void decrementReferenceCount(Store store) {}
202
203 using InvalidatedRegions = SmallVector<const MemRegion *, 8>;
204
205 /// invalidateRegions - Clears out the specified regions from the store,
206 /// marking their values as unknown. Depending on the store, this may also
207 /// invalidate additional regions that may have changed based on accessing
208 /// the given regions. Optionally, invalidates non-static globals as well.
209 /// \param[in] store The initial store
210 /// \param[in] Values The values to invalidate.
211 /// \param[in] E The current statement being evaluated. Used to conjure
212 /// symbols to mark the values of invalidated regions.
213 /// \param[in] Count The current block count. Used to conjure
214 /// symbols to mark the values of invalidated regions.
215 /// \param[in] Call The call expression which will be used to determine which
216 /// globals should get invalidated.
217 /// \param[in,out] IS A set to fill with any symbols that are no longer
218 /// accessible. Pass \c NULL if this information will not be used.
219 /// \param[in] ITraits Information about invalidation for a particular
220 /// region/symbol.
221 /// \param[in,out] InvalidatedTopLevel A vector to fill with regions
222 //// explicitly being invalidated. Pass \c NULL if this
223 /// information will not be used.
224 /// \param[in,out] Invalidated A vector to fill with any regions being
225 /// invalidated. This should include any regions explicitly invalidated
226 /// even if they do not currently have bindings. Pass \c NULL if this
227 /// information will not be used.
228 virtual StoreRef invalidateRegions(
229 Store store, ArrayRef<SVal> Values, const Expr *Ex, unsigned Count,
230 const LocationContext *LCtx, const CallEvent *Call,
231 InvalidatedSymbols &IS, RegionAndSymbolInvalidationTraits &ITraits,
232 InvalidatedRegions *TopLevelRegions, InvalidatedRegions *Invalidated) = 0;
233
234 /// enterStackFrame - Let the StoreManager to do something when execution
235 /// engine is about to execute into a callee.
236 StoreRef enterStackFrame(Store store,
237 const CallEvent &Call,
238 const StackFrameContext *CalleeCtx);
239
240 /// Finds the transitive closure of symbols within the given region.
241 ///
242 /// Returns false if the visitor aborted the scan.
243 virtual bool scanReachableSymbols(Store S, const MemRegion *R,
244 ScanReachableSymbols &Visitor) = 0;
245
246 virtual void printJson(raw_ostream &Out, Store S, const char *NL,
247 unsigned int Space, bool IsDot) const = 0;
248
249 class BindingsHandler {
250 public:
251 virtual ~BindingsHandler();
252
253 /// \return whether the iteration should continue.
254 virtual bool HandleBinding(StoreManager& SMgr, Store store,
255 const MemRegion *region, SVal val) = 0;
256 };
257
258 class FindUniqueBinding : public BindingsHandler {
259 SymbolRef Sym;
260 const MemRegion* Binding = nullptr;
261 bool First = true;
262
263 public:
FindUniqueBinding(SymbolRef sym)264 FindUniqueBinding(SymbolRef sym) : Sym(sym) {}
265
266 explicit operator bool() { return First && Binding; }
267
268 bool HandleBinding(StoreManager& SMgr, Store store, const MemRegion* R,
269 SVal val) override;
getRegion()270 const MemRegion *getRegion() { return Binding; }
271 };
272
273 /// iterBindings - Iterate over the bindings in the Store.
274 virtual void iterBindings(Store store, BindingsHandler& f) = 0;
275
276 protected:
277 const ElementRegion *MakeElementRegion(const SubRegion *baseRegion,
278 QualType pointeeTy,
279 uint64_t index = 0);
280
281 private:
282 SVal getLValueFieldOrIvar(const Decl *decl, SVal base);
283 };
284
StoreRef(Store store,StoreManager & smgr)285 inline StoreRef::StoreRef(Store store, StoreManager & smgr)
286 : store(store), mgr(smgr) {
287 if (store)
288 mgr.incrementReferenceCount(store);
289 }
290
StoreRef(const StoreRef & sr)291 inline StoreRef::StoreRef(const StoreRef &sr)
292 : store(sr.store), mgr(sr.mgr)
293 {
294 if (store)
295 mgr.incrementReferenceCount(store);
296 }
297
~StoreRef()298 inline StoreRef::~StoreRef() {
299 if (store)
300 mgr.decrementReferenceCount(store);
301 }
302
303 inline StoreRef &StoreRef::operator=(StoreRef const &newStore) {
304 assert(&newStore.mgr == &mgr);
305 if (store != newStore.store) {
306 mgr.incrementReferenceCount(newStore.store);
307 mgr.decrementReferenceCount(store);
308 store = newStore.getStore();
309 }
310 return *this;
311 }
312
313 // FIXME: Do we need to pass ProgramStateManager anymore?
314 std::unique_ptr<StoreManager>
315 CreateRegionStoreManager(ProgramStateManager &StMgr);
316
317 } // namespace ento
318
319 } // namespace clang
320
321 #endif // LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CORE_PATHSENSITIVE_STORE_H
322