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/linux/Documentation/filesystems/
H A Dinotify.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 Inotify - A Powerful yet Simple File Change Notification System
13 - Deleted obsoleted interface, just refer to manpages for user interface.
18 What is the design decision behind not tying the watch to the open fd of
29 What is the design decision behind using an-fd-per-instance as opposed to
30 an fd-per-watch?
33 An fd-per-watch quickly consumes more file descriptors than are allowed,
34 more fd's than are feasible to manage, and more fd's than are optimally
35 select()-able. Yes, root can bump the per-process fd limit and yes, users
36 can use epoll, but requiring both is a silly and extraneous requirement.
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/linux/include/linux/can/
H A Dlength.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
3 * Copyright (C) 2020 Marc Kleine-Budde <kernel@pengutronix.de>
11 #include <linux/can.h>
12 #include <linux/can/netlink.h>
16 * Size of a Classical CAN Standard Frame header in bits
19 * ---------------------------------------------------------
26 * FD Format indicator (FDF) 1
34 * Size of a Classical CAN Extended Frame header in bits
37 * ---------------------------------------------------------
46 * FD Format indicator (FDF) 1
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/linux/tools/bpf/bpftool/
H A Dstruct_ops.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
51 t = btf__type_by_id(kern_btf, info->btf_vmlinux_value_type_id); in get_kern_struct_ops_name()
52 st_ops_name = btf__name_by_offset(kern_btf, t->name_off); in get_kern_struct_ops_name()
72 p_err("can't find bpf_map_info from btf_vmlinux"); in get_map_info_type_id()
78 map_info_alloc_len = map_info_type->size; in get_map_info_type_id()
117 * It returns the fd in "*res_fd" and map_info in "*info".
118 * In the very first iteration, info->id should be 0.
119 * An optional map "*name" filter can be specified.
120 * The filter can be made more flexible in the future.
121 * e.g. filter by kernel-struct-ops-name, regex-name, glob-name, ...etc.
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H A Dcommon.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
2 /* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */
81 /* Probe whether kernel switched from memlock-based (RLIMIT_MEMLOCK) to
82 * memcg-based memory accounting for BPF maps and programs. This was done in
83 * commit 97306be45fbe ("Merge branch 'switch to memcg-based memory
86 * Libbpf also offers to probe for memcg-based accounting vs rlimit, but does
90 * Instead, we can probe by lowering the process-based rlimit to 0, trying to
92 * memcg-based accounting is supported.
96 * that bpftool is single-threaded, this is fine to do here.
158 "mount --make-private %s failed: %s", in mnt_fs()
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/linux/Documentation/networking/
H A Dcan.rst2 SocketCAN - Controller Area Network
8 The socketcan package is an implementation of CAN protocols
9 (Controller Area Network) for Linux. CAN is a networking technology
11 automotive fields. While there have been other CAN implementations
13 socket API, the Linux network stack and implements the CAN device
14 drivers as network interfaces. The CAN socket API has been designed
16 familiar with network programming, to easily learn how to use CAN
20 .. _socketcan-motivation:
25 There have been CAN implementations for Linux before SocketCAN so the
27 implementations come as a device driver for some CAN hardware, they
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H A Dphonet.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
9 ------------
12 and RPC. With the Linux Phonet socket family, Linux host processes can
16 Phonet packets can be exchanged through various hardware connections
19 - USB with the CDC Phonet interface,
20 - infrared,
21 - Bluetooth,
22 - an RS232 serial port (with a dedicated "FBUS" line discipline),
23 - the SSI bus with some TI OMAP processors.
27 --------------
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H A Dtuntap.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
8 Copyright |copy| 1999-2000 Maxim Krasnyansky <max_mk@yahoo.com>
11 Copyright |copy| 1999-2000 Maxim Krasnyansky <max_mk@yahoo.com>
14 Copyright |copy| 1999-2000 Maksim Yevmenkin <m_evmenkin@yahoo.com>
22 It can be seen as a simple Point-to-Point or Ethernet device, which,
40 br_select.c - bridge based on select system call.
41 br_sigio.c - bridge based on async io and SIGIO signal.
56 There's no harm in allowing the device to be accessible by non-root users,
65 Make sure that "Kernel module loader" - module auto-loading
83 -----------------------------
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/linux/Documentation/driver-api/mei/
H A Dmei.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 resource (Co-processor) residing inside certain Intel chipsets. The Intel ME
18 each client has its own protocol. The protocol is message-based with a
30 The number of instances of an Intel ME feature that can be opened
37 Because some of the Intel ME features can change the system
41 The session is terminated calling :c:expr:`close(fd)`.
46 can use :c:macro:`MEI_CONNECT_CLIENT_IOCTL_VTAG` to create
50 .. code-block:: C
53 fd = open(MEI_DEVICE);
57 ioctl(fd, IOCTL_MEI_CONNECT_CLIENT, &data);
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/linux/tools/spi/
H A Dspidev_test.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
8 * Cross-compile with cross-gcc -I/path/to/cross-kernel/include
72 while (length-- > in hex_dump()
118 transfer(int fd,uint8_t const * tx,uint8_t const * rx,size_t len) transfer() argument
333 transfer_escaped_string(int fd,char * str) transfer_escaped_string() argument
353 transfer_file(int fd,char * filename) transfer_file() argument
403 transfer_buf(int fd,int len) transfer_buf() argument
440 int fd; main() local
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/linux/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/can/ctu/
H A Dctucanfd-driver.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 CTU CAN FD Driver
9 About CTU CAN FD IP Core
10 ------------------------
12 `CTU CAN FD <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/ctucanfd_ip_core>`_
19 `Vivado integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/zynq/zynq-can-sja1000-top>`_
20 and Intel Cyclone V 5CSEMA4U23C6 based DE0-Nano-SoC Terasic board
21 `QSys integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/intel-soc-ctucanfd>`_
23 `PCIe integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/pcie-ctucanfd>`_ of the core.
30 The basic functional model of the CTU CAN FD peripheral has been
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/linux/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
H A Dstandard.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
20 Applications can use the predefined bits to select a particular
34 band. Enumeration gives a "PAL-B/G" or "PAL-I" choice. Similar a
35 Composite input may collapse standards, enumerating "PAL-B/G/H/I",
36 "NTSC-M" and "SECAM-D/K". [#f1]_
41 *received* standard can be sensed with the
47 :ref:`v4l2_std_id <v4l2-std-id>` type (a standard set), *not* an
55 - incapable of capturing fields or frames at the nominal rate of the
58 - that does not support the video standard formats at all.
66 Applications can make use of the :ref:`input-capabilities` and
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H A Dvidioc-g-edid.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_G_EDID - VIDIOC_S_EDID - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID - Get or set the EDID o…
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
28 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
32 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
37 ``fd``
46 These ioctls can be used to get or set an EDID associated with an input
47 from a receiver or an output of a transmitter device. They can be used
48 with subdevice nodes (/dev/v4l-subdevX) or with video nodes
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H A Dvidioc-qbuf.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_QBUF - VIDIOC_DQBUF - Exchange a buffer with the driver
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
29 ``fd``
58 :ref:`multi-planar API <planar-apis>`, the ``m.planes`` field must
59 contain a userspace pointer to a filled-in array of struct
73 multi-planar API is used, ``m.userptr`` and ``length`` members of the
86 ``memory`` field to ``V4L2_MEMORY_DMABUF`` and the ``m.fd`` field to a
87 file descriptor associated with a DMABUF buffer. When the multi-planar
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H A Dmmap.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
21 application's address space. Device memory can be for example the video
22 memory on a graphics card with a video capture add-on. However, being
24 drivers support streaming as well, allocating buffers in DMA-able main
27 A driver can support many sets of buffers. Each set is identified by a
28 unique buffer type value. The sets are independent and each set can hold
35 This ioctl can also be used to change the number of buffers or to free
38 Before applications can access the buffers they must map them into their
40 location of the buffers in device memory can be determined with the
41 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYBUF` ioctl. In the single-planar
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H A Dvidioc-streamon.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_STREAMON - VIDIOC_STREAMOFF - Start or stop streaming I/O
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, const int *argp)``
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, const int *argp)``
29 ``fd``
43 Capture hardware is disabled and no input buffers are filled (if there
45 has been called. Output hardware is disabled and no video signal is
48 Memory-to-memory devices will not start until ``VIDIOC_STREAMON`` has
60 :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS` and can be restarted
67 calling :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS` and can be restarted
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H A Dfunc-read.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
4 .. _func-read:
13 v4l2-read - Read from a V4L2 device
18 .. code-block:: c
22 .. c:function:: ssize_t read( int fd, void *buf, size_t count )
27 ``fd``
40 descriptor ``fd`` into the buffer starting at ``buf``. The layout of the
43 and has no other results. If ``count`` is greater than ``SSIZE_MAX``,
50 function it returns immediately with an ``EAGAIN`` error code when no data
52 :c:func:`poll()` functions can always be used to suspend
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/linux/tools/perf/Documentation/
H A Dperf-stat.txt1 perf-stat(1)
5 ----
6 perf-stat - Run a command and gather performance counter statistics
9 --------
11 'perf stat' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [-a] <command>
12 'perf stat' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [-a] \-- <command> [<options>]
13 'perf stat' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [-a] record [-o file] \-- <command> [<options>]
14 'perf stat' report [-i file]
17 -----------
23 -------
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/linux/tools/testing/selftests/mincore/
H A Dmincore_selftest.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
46 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
51 MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); in TEST()
56 /* <addr> argument is not page-aligned */ in TEST()
59 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
64 retval = mincore(addr, -1, vec); in TEST()
65 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
71 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
80 * but after accessing it (on-demand allocation).
81 * Then free the page and check that it's not memory-resident.
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/linux/tools/usb/
H A Dtestusb.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2 /* $(CROSS_COMPILE)cc -Wall -Wextra -g -lpthread -o testusb testusb.c */
12 * kernel driver. It can generate a variety of transfer patterns; you
16 * For more information on how this can be used and on USB testing
17 * refer to <URL:http://www.linux-usb.org/usbtest/>.
36 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
44 unsigned test_num; /* 0..(TEST_CASES-1) */
55 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
105 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
116 case USB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS: return "super-plus"; in speed()
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/linux/fs/jffs2/
H A Dbuild.c2 * JFFS2 -- Journalling Flash File System, Version 2.
4 * Copyright © 2001-2007 Red Hat, Inc.
5 * Copyright © 2004-2010 David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
29 for (; *i < c->inocache_hashsize; (*i)++) { in first_inode_chain()
30 if (c->inocache_list[*i]) in first_inode_chain()
31 return c->inocache_list[*i]; in first_inode_chain()
40 if (ic->next) in next_inode()
41 return ic->next; in next_inode()
56 struct jffs2_full_dirent *fd; in jffs2_build_inode_pass1() local
58 dbg_fsbuild("building directory inode #%u\n", ic->ino); in jffs2_build_inode_pass1()
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/linux/Documentation/userspace-api/media/rc/
H A Dlirc-get-timeout.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
14 LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT / LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT - Obtain the possible timeout
22 ``int ioctl(int fd, LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT, __u32 *timeout)``
26 ``int ioctl(int fd, LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT, __u32 *timeout)``
31 ``fd``
40 Some devices have internal timers that can be used to detect when
41 there's no IR activity for a long time. This can help lircd in
42 detecting that a IR signal is finished and can speed up the decoding
44 that can be set.
55 On success 0 is returned, on error -1 and the ``errno`` variable is set
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/linux/drivers/media/platform/samsung/exynos4-is/
H A Dfimc-is-errno.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
3 * Samsung Exynos4 SoC series FIMC-IS slave interface driver
5 * FIMC-IS error code definition
7 * Copyright (C) 2011 - 2013 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
99 /* FD 900 ~ 999 */
121 /* Index of setfile is not valid (0~MAX_SETFILE_NUM-1) */
123 /* Input path can be changed in ready state(stop) */
125 /* IP can not start if input path is not set */
127 /* Output path can be changed in ready state (stop) */
129 /* IP can not start if output path is not set */
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H A Dfimc-is-errno.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
3 * Samsung Exynos4 SoC series FIMC-IS slave interface driver
7 * Copyright (C) 2011 - 2013 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
13 #include "fimc-is-errno.h"
29 return "ERROR_COMMON_INPUT_PATH: Input path can be changed in ready state"; in fimc_is_param_strerr()
31 return "ERROR_COMMON_INPUT_INIT: IP can not start if input path is not set"; in fimc_is_param_strerr()
33 return "ERROR_COMMON_OUTPUT_PATH: Output path can be changed in ready state (stop)"; in fimc_is_param_strerr()
35 return "ERROR_COMMON_OUTPUT_INIT: IP can not start if output path is not set"; in fimc_is_param_strerr()
39 return "ERROR_OTF_INPUT_FORMAT: Invalid format (DRC: YUV444, FD: YUV444, 422, 420)"; in fimc_is_param_strerr()
41 return "ERROR_OTF_INPUT_WIDTH: Invalid width (DRC: 128~8192, FD: 32~8190)"; in fimc_is_param_strerr()
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/linux/Documentation/bpf/
H A Dmap_of_maps.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
9 - ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS`` and ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS`` were
15 ``array_of_maps->sock_map``.
19 separate lifetime from the outer map and can be deleted after the outer map has
27 - Multi-level nesting is not supported.
28 - Any BPF map type can be used as an inner map, except for
30 - A BPF program cannot update or delete outer map entries.
32 For ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS`` the key is an unsigned 32-bit integer index
36 For ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS`` the key type can be chosen when defining the
38 the max_entries limit that you specify. Hash maps use pre-allocation of hash
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/linux/drivers/infiniband/hw/hfi1/
H A Dfile_ops.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
4 * Copyright(c) 2015-2020 Intel Corporation.
41 static int assign_ctxt(struct hfi1_filedata *fd, unsigned long arg, u32 len);
44 static int init_user_ctxt(struct hfi1_filedata *fd,
47 static int get_ctxt_info(struct hfi1_filedata *fd, unsigned long arg, u32 len);
48 static int get_base_info(struct hfi1_filedata *fd, unsigned long arg, u32 len);
49 static int user_exp_rcv_setup(struct hfi1_filedata *fd, unsigned long arg,
51 static int user_exp_rcv_clear(struct hfi1_filedata *fd, unsigned long arg,
53 static int user_exp_rcv_invalid(struct hfi1_filedata *fd, unsigned long arg,
55 static int setup_base_ctxt(struct hfi1_filedata *fd,
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