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/linux/Documentation/filesystems/
H A Dinotify.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
4 Inotify - A Powerful yet Simple File Change Notification System
13 - Deleted obsoleted interface, just refer to manpages for user interface.
18 What is the design decision behind not tying the watch to the open fd of
29 What is the design decision behind using an-fd-per-instance as opposed to
30 an fd-per-watch?
33 An fd-per-watch quickly consumes more file descriptors than are allowed,
34 more fd's than are feasible to manage, and more fd's than are optimally
35 select()-able. Yes, root can bump the per-process fd limit and yes, users
36 can use epoll, but requiring both is a silly and extraneous requirement.
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/linux/include/linux/can/
H A Dlength.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
3 * Copyright (C) 2020 Marc Kleine-Budde <kernel@pengutronix.de>
11 #include <linux/can.h>
12 #include <linux/can/netlink.h>
16 * Size of a Classical CAN Standard Frame header in bits
19 * ---------------------------------------------------------
26 * FD Format indicator (FDF) 1
34 * Size of a Classical CAN Extended Frame header in bits
37 * ---------------------------------------------------------
46 * FD Format indicator (FDF) 1
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/linux/tools/bpf/bpftool/
H A Dstruct_ops.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
51 t = btf__type_by_id(kern_btf, info->btf_vmlinux_value_type_id); in get_kern_struct_ops_name()
52 st_ops_name = btf__name_by_offset(kern_btf, t->name_off); in get_kern_struct_ops_name()
72 p_err("can't find bpf_map_info from btf_vmlinux"); in get_map_info_type_id()
78 map_info_alloc_len = map_info_type->size; in get_map_info_type_id()
117 * It returns the fd in "*res_fd" and map_info in "*info".
118 * In the very first iteration, info->id should be 0.
119 * An optional map "*name" filter can be specified.
120 * The filter can be made more flexible in the future.
121 * e.g. filter by kernel-struct-ops-name, regex-name, glob-name, ...etc.
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H A Dcommon.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
2 /* Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Netronome Systems, Inc. */
84 /* Probe whether kernel switched from memlock-based (RLIMIT_MEMLOCK) to
85 * memcg-based memory accounting for BPF maps and programs. This was done in
86 * commit 97306be45fbe ("Merge branch 'switch to memcg-base
201 int fd = -1; open_obj_pinned() local
230 int fd; open_obj_pinned_any() local
363 do_pin_fd(int fd,const char * name) do_pin_fd() argument
381 int fd; do_pin_any() local
454 get_fd_type(int fd) get_fd_type() argument
483 get_fdinfo(int fd,const char * key) get_fdinfo() argument
555 int fd, err = 0; do_build_table_cb() local
678 int fd; read_sysfs_hex_int() local
814 int fd, nb_fds = 0; prog_fd_by_nametag() local
947 int nb_fds, fd; prog_parse_fd() local
975 int fd, nb_fds = 0; map_fd_by_name() local
1108 int nb_fds, fd; map_parse_fd() local
1136 int fd; map_parse_fd_and_info() local
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/linux/Documentation/networking/
H A Dcan.rst2 SocketCAN - Controller Area Network
8 The socketcan package is an implementation of CAN protocols
9 (Controller Area Network) for Linux. CAN is a networking technology
11 automotive fields. While there have been other CAN implementations
13 socket API, the Linux network stack and implements the CAN device
14 drivers as network interfaces. The CAN socket API has been designed
16 familiar with network programming, to easily learn how to use CAN
20 .. _socketcan-motivation:
25 There have been CAN implementations for Linux before SocketCAN so the
27 implementations come as a device driver for some CAN hardware, they
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H A Dphonet.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
9 ------------
12 and RPC. With the Linux Phonet socket family, Linux host processes can
16 Phonet packets can be exchanged through various hardware connections
19 - USB with the CDC Phonet interface,
20 - infrared,
21 - Bluetooth,
22 - an RS232 serial port (with a dedicated "FBUS" line discipline),
23 - the SSI bus with some TI OMAP processors.
27 --------------
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H A Dtuntap.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
8 Copyright |copy| 1999-2000 Maxim Krasnyansky <max_mk@yahoo.com>
11 Copyright |copy| 1999-2000 Maxim Krasnyansky <max_mk@yahoo.com>
14 Copyright |copy| 1999-2000 Maksim Yevmenkin <m_evmenkin@yahoo.com>
22 It can be seen as a simple Point-to-Point or Ethernet device, which,
40 br_select.c - bridge based on select system call.
41 br_sigio.c - bridge based on async io and SIGIO signal.
56 There's no harm in allowing the device to be accessible by non-root users,
65 Make sure that "Kernel module loader" - module auto-loading
83 -----------------------------
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/linux/Documentation/driver-api/mei/
H A Dmei.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 resource (Co-processor) residing inside certain Intel chipsets. The Intel ME
18 each client has its own protocol. The protocol is message-based with a
30 The number of instances of an Intel ME feature that can be opened
37 Because some of the Intel ME features can change the system
41 The session is terminated calling :c:expr:`close(fd)`.
46 can use :c:macro:`MEI_CONNECT_CLIENT_IOCTL_VTAG` to create
50 .. code-block:: C
53 fd = open(MEI_DEVICE);
57 ioctl(fd, IOCTL_MEI_CONNECT_CLIENT, &data);
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/linux/rust/kernel/fs/
H A Dfile.rs1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
25 /// Signal-driven I/O is enabled.
28 /// Close-on-exec flag is set.
99 /// File can be both read and written.
112 /// Instances of this type are reference-counted. The reference count is incremented by the
116 /// Whenever a process opens a file descriptor (fd), it stores a pointer to the file in its fd
123 /// Whenever a process has an fd to a file, it may use something called a "light refcount" as a
125 /// `fdput`. The idea behind light refcounts is that if the fd is not closed between the calls to
127 /// files_struct` holds a reference until the fd is closed. This means that it's safe to access the
130 /// The requirement that the fd is not closed during a light refcount applies globally across all
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/linux/Documentation/networking/device_drivers/can/ctu/
H A Dctucanfd-driver.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 CTU CAN FD Driver
9 About CTU CAN FD IP Core
10 ------------------------
12 `CTU CAN FD <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/ctucanfd_ip_core>`_
19 `Vivado integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/zynq/zynq-can-sja1000-top>`_
20 and Intel Cyclone V 5CSEMA4U23C6 based DE0-Nano-SoC Terasic board
21 `QSys integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/intel-soc-ctucanfd>`_
23 `PCIe integration <https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/canbus/pcie-ctucanfd>`_ of the core.
30 The basic functional model of the CTU CAN FD peripheral has been
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/linux/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
H A Dstandard.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
20 Applications can use the predefined bits to select a particular
34 band. Enumeration gives a "PAL-B/G" or "PAL-I" choice. Similar a
35 Composite input may collapse standards, enumerating "PAL-B/G/H/I",
36 "NTSC-M" and "SECAM-D/K". [#f1]_
41 *received* standard can be sensed with the
47 :ref:`v4l2_std_id <v4l2-std-id>` type (a standard set), *not* an
55 - incapable of capturing fields or frames at the nominal rate of the
58 - that does not support the video standard formats at all.
66 Applications can make use of the :ref:`input-capabilities` and
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H A Dvidioc-g-edid.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_G_EDID - VIDIOC_S_EDID - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID - VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID - Get or set the EDID o…
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
28 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
32 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_EDID, struct v4l2_edid *argp)``
37 ``fd``
46 These ioctls can be used to get or set an EDID associated with an input
47 from a receiver or an output of a transmitter device. They can be used
48 with subdevice nodes (/dev/v4l-subdevX) or with video nodes
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H A Dvidioc-qbuf.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_QBUF - VIDIOC_DQBUF - Exchange a buffer with the driver
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)``
29 ``fd``
58 :ref:`multi-planar API <planar-apis>`, the ``m.planes`` field must
59 contain a userspace pointer to a filled-in array of struct
73 multi-planar API is used, ``m.userptr`` and ``length`` members of the
86 ``memory`` field to ``V4L2_MEMORY_DMABUF`` and the ``m.fd`` field to a
87 file descriptor associated with a DMABUF buffer. When the multi-planar
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H A Dmmap.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
21 application's address space. Device memory can be for example the video
22 memory on a graphics card with a video capture add-on. However, being
24 drivers support streaming as well, allocating buffers in DMA-able main
27 A driver can support many sets of buffers. Each set is identified by a
28 unique buffer type value. The sets are independent and each set can hold
35 This ioctl can also be used to change the number of buffers or to free
38 Before applications can access the buffers they must map them into their
40 location of the buffers in device memory can be determined with the
41 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYBUF` ioctl. In the single-planar
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H A Dvidioc-streamon.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
13 VIDIOC_STREAMON - VIDIOC_STREAMOFF - Start or stop streaming I/O
20 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, const int *argp)``
24 ``int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, const int *argp)``
29 ``fd``
43 Capture hardware is disabled and no input buffers are filled (if there
45 has been called. Output hardware is disabled and no video signal is
48 Memory-to-memory devices will not start until ``VIDIOC_STREAMON`` has
60 :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS` and can be restarted
67 calling :ref:`VIDIOC_REQBUFS` and can be restarted
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H A Dfunc-read.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
4 .. _func-read:
13 v4l2-read - Read from a V4L2 device
18 .. code-block:: c
22 .. c:function:: ssize_t read( int fd, void *buf, size_t count )
27 ``fd``
40 descriptor ``fd`` into the buffer starting at ``buf``. The layout of the
43 and has no other results. If ``count`` is greater than ``SSIZE_MAX``,
50 function it returns immediately with an ``EAGAIN`` error code when no data
52 :c:func:`poll()` functions can always be used to suspend
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/linux/tools/perf/Documentation/
H A Dperf-stat.txt1 perf-stat(1)
5 ----
6 perf-stat - Run a command and gather performance counter statistics
9 --------
11 'perf stat' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [-a] <command>
12 'perf stat' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [-a] \-- <command> [<options>]
13 'perf stat' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [-a] record [-o file] \-- <command> [<options>]
14 'perf stat' report [-i file]
17 -----------
23 -------
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/linux/tools/testing/selftests/mincore/
H A Dmincore_selftest.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
46 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
51 MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); in TEST()
56 /* <addr> argument is not page-aligned */ in TEST()
59 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
64 retval = mincore(addr, -1, vec); in TEST()
65 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
71 EXPECT_EQ(-1, retval); in TEST()
80 * but after accessing it (on-demand allocation).
81 * Then free the page and check that it's not memory-resident.
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/linux/tools/perf/util/
H A Dtool_pmu.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
7 #include "print-events.h"
9 #include "time-utils.h"
88 return pmu && pmu->type == PERF_PMU_TYPE_TOOL; in perf_pmu__is_tool()
93 return perf_pmu__is_tool(evsel->pmu); in evsel__is_tool()
101 return (enum tool_pmu_event)evsel->core.attr.config; in evsel__tool_event()
106 return tool_pmu__event_to_str(evsel->core.attr.config); in evsel__tool_pmu_event_name()
115 if (c == -1) in read_until_char()
121 static int read_stat_field(int fd, struct perf_cpu cpu, int field, __u64 *val) in read_stat_field() argument
127 io__init(&io, fd, buf, sizeof(buf)); in read_stat_field()
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/linux/tools/usb/
H A Dtestusb.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2 /* $(CROSS_COMPILE)cc -Wall -Wextra -g -lpthread -o testusb testusb.c */
12 * kernel driver. It can generate a variety of transfer patterns; you
16 * For more information on how this can be used and on USB testing
17 * refer to <URL:http://www.linux-usb.org/usbtest/>.
36 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
44 unsigned test_num; /* 0..(TEST_CASES-1) */
55 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
105 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
116 case USB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS: return "super-plus"; in speed()
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/linux/fs/jffs2/
H A Dbuild.c2 * JFFS2 -- Journalling Flash File System, Version 2.
4 * Copyright © 2001-2007 Red Hat, Inc.
5 * Copyright © 2004-2010 David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
29 for (; *i < c->inocache_hashsize; (*i)++) { in first_inode_chain()
30 if (c->inocache_list[*i]) in first_inode_chain()
31 return c->inocache_list[*i]; in first_inode_chain()
40 if (ic->next) in next_inode()
41 return ic->next; in next_inode()
56 struct jffs2_full_dirent *fd; in jffs2_build_inode_pass1() local
58 dbg_fsbuild("building directory inode #%u\n", ic->ino); in jffs2_build_inode_pass1()
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/linux/Documentation/userspace-api/media/rc/
H A Dlirc-get-timeout.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 OR GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
14 LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT / LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT - Obtain the possible timeout
22 ``int ioctl(int fd, LIRC_GET_MIN_TIMEOUT, __u32 *timeout)``
26 ``int ioctl(int fd, LIRC_GET_MAX_TIMEOUT, __u32 *timeout)``
31 ``fd``
40 Some devices have internal timers that can be used to detect when
41 there's no IR activity for a long time. This can help lircd in
42 detecting that a IR signal is finished and can speed up the decoding
44 that can be set.
55 On success 0 is returned, on error -1 and the ``errno`` variable is set
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/linux/Documentation/bpf/
H A Dmap_of_maps.rst1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
9 - ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS`` and ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS`` were
15 ``array_of_maps->sock_map``.
19 separate lifetime from the outer map and can be deleted after the outer map has
27 - Multi-level nesting is not supported.
28 - Any BPF map type can be used as an inner map, except for
30 - A BPF program cannot update or delete outer map entries.
32 For ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS`` the key is an unsigned 32-bit integer index
36 For ``BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS`` the key type can be chosen when defining the
38 the max_entries limit that you specify. Hash maps use pre-allocation of hash
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/linux/include/uapi/xen/
H A Dgntdev.h1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) */
10 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
28 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
51 * considered opaque to userspace, with one exception: if no grant
54 * with userspace APIs that expect a file descriptor that can be
91 * to @vaddr. This can be used to perform a munmap(), followed by an
92 * UNMAP_GRANT_REF ioctl, where no state about the offset is retained by
99 * contiguously-allocated range at once, and not any subrange thereof.
130 * Sets up an unmap notification within the page, so that the other side can do
131 * cleanup if this side crashes. Required to implement cross-domain robust
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/linux/fs/
H A Dfile.c1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 * Copyright (C) 1998-1999, Stephen Tweedie and Bill Hawes
7 * Manage the dynamic fd arrays in the process files_struct.
37 atomic_long_set(&ref->refcnt, FILE_REF_DEAD); in __file_ref_put_badval()
47 atomic_long_set(&ref->refcnt, FILE_REF_SATURATED); in __file_ref_put_badval()
52 * __file_ref_put - Slowpath of file_ref_put()
59 * True if this was the last reference with no future references
60 * possible. This signals the caller that it can safely schedule the
75 * This can fail if a concurrent get() operation has in __file_ref_put()
81 if (!atomic_long_try_cmpxchg_release(&ref->refcnt, &cnt, FILE_REF_DEAD)) in __file_ref_put()
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