xref: /linux/fs/iomap/direct-io.c (revision 55ab7e14222e5f0b0fd9f7711ca391d2924b35e3)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2016-2025 Christoph Hellwig.
 */
#include <linux/bio-integrity.h>
#include <linux/blk-crypto.h>
#include <linux/fscrypt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/iomap.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/fserror.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "trace.h"

#include "../internal.h"

/*
 * Private flags for iomap_dio, must not overlap with the public ones in
 * iomap.h:
 */
#define IOMAP_DIO_NO_INVALIDATE	(1U << 26)
#define IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK	(1U << 27)
#define IOMAP_DIO_WRITE_THROUGH	(1U << 28)
#define IOMAP_DIO_NEED_SYNC	(1U << 29)
#define IOMAP_DIO_WRITE		(1U << 30)
#define IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED	(1U << 31)

struct iomap_dio {
	struct kiocb		*iocb;
	const struct iomap_dio_ops *dops;
	loff_t			i_size;
	loff_t			size;
	atomic_t		ref;
	unsigned		flags;
	int			error;
	size_t			done_before;
	bool			wait_for_completion;

	union {
		/* used during submission and for synchronous completion: */
		struct {
			struct iov_iter		*iter;
			struct task_struct	*waiter;
		} submit;

		/* used for aio completion: */
		struct {
			struct work_struct	work;
		} aio;
	};
};

static struct bio *iomap_dio_alloc_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
		struct iomap_dio *dio, unsigned short nr_vecs, blk_opf_t opf)
{
	if (dio->dops && dio->dops->bio_set)
		return bio_alloc_bioset(iter->iomap.bdev, nr_vecs, opf,
					GFP_KERNEL, dio->dops->bio_set);
	return bio_alloc(iter->iomap.bdev, nr_vecs, opf, GFP_KERNEL);
}

static void iomap_dio_submit_bio(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
		struct iomap_dio *dio, struct bio *bio, loff_t pos)
{
	struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;

	atomic_inc(&dio->ref);

	/* Sync dio can't be polled reliably */
	if ((iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) && !is_sync_kiocb(iocb)) {
		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_POLLED;
		WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, bio);
	}

	if (dio->dops && dio->dops->submit_io) {
		dio->dops->submit_io(iter, bio, pos);
	} else {
		WARN_ON_ONCE(iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_ANON_WRITE);
		blk_crypto_submit_bio(bio);
	}
}

static inline enum fserror_type iomap_dio_err_type(const struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE)
		return FSERR_DIRECTIO_WRITE;
	return FSERR_DIRECTIO_READ;
}

static inline bool should_report_dio_fserror(int error)
{
	switch (error) {
	case 0:
	case -EAGAIN:
	case -ENOTBLK:
		/* don't send fsnotify for success or magic retry codes */
		return false;
	default:
		return true;
	}
}

ssize_t iomap_dio_complete(struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	const struct iomap_dio_ops *dops = dio->dops;
	struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;
	loff_t offset = iocb->ki_pos;
	ssize_t ret = dio->error;

	if (dops && dops->end_io)
		ret = dops->end_io(iocb, dio->size, ret, dio->flags);
	if (should_report_dio_fserror(dio->error))
		fserror_report_io(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp),
				  iomap_dio_err_type(dio), offset, dio->size,
				  dio->error, GFP_NOFS);

	if (likely(!ret)) {
		ret = dio->size;
		/* check for short read */
		if (offset + ret > dio->i_size &&
		    !(dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE))
			ret = dio->i_size - offset;
	}

	/*
	 * Try again to invalidate clean pages which might have been cached by
	 * non-direct readahead, or faulted in by get_user_pages() if the source
	 * of the write was an mmap'ed region of the file we're writing.  Either
	 * one is a pretty crazy thing to do, so we don't support it 100%.  If
	 * this invalidation fails, tough, the write still worked...
	 *
	 * And this page cache invalidation has to be after ->end_io(), as some
	 * filesystems convert unwritten extents to real allocations in
	 * ->end_io() when necessary, otherwise a racing buffer read would cache
	 * zeros from unwritten extents.
	 */
	if (!dio->error && dio->size && (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE) &&
	    !(dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_NO_INVALIDATE))
		kiocb_invalidate_post_direct_write(iocb, dio->size);

	inode_dio_end(file_inode(iocb->ki_filp));

	if (ret > 0) {
		iocb->ki_pos += ret;

		/*
		 * If this is a DSYNC write, make sure we push it to stable
		 * storage now that we've written data.
		 */
		if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_NEED_SYNC)
			ret = generic_write_sync(iocb, ret);
		if (ret > 0)
			ret += dio->done_before;
	}
	trace_iomap_dio_complete(iocb, dio->error, ret);
	kfree(dio);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_dio_complete);

static void iomap_dio_complete_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct iomap_dio *dio = container_of(work, struct iomap_dio, aio.work);
	struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;

	iocb->ki_complete(iocb, iomap_dio_complete(dio));
}

/*
 * Set an error in the dio if none is set yet.  We have to use cmpxchg
 * as the submission context and the completion context(s) can race to
 * update the error.
 */
static inline void iomap_dio_set_error(struct iomap_dio *dio, int ret)
{
	cmpxchg(&dio->error, 0, ret);
}

/*
 * Called when dio->ref reaches zero from an I/O completion.
 */
static void iomap_dio_done(struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;

	if (dio->wait_for_completion) {
		/*
		 * Synchronous I/O, task itself will handle any completion work
		 * that needs after IO. All we need to do is wake the task.
		 */
		struct task_struct *waiter = dio->submit.waiter;

		WRITE_ONCE(dio->submit.waiter, NULL);
		blk_wake_io_task(waiter);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Always run error completions in user context.  These are not
	 * performance critical and some code relies on taking sleeping locks
	 * for error handling.
	 */
	if (dio->error)
		dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK;

	/*
	 * Never invalidate pages from this context to avoid deadlocks with
	 * buffered I/O completions when called from the ioend workqueue,
	 * or avoid sleeping when called directly from ->bi_end_io.
	 * Tough luck if you hit the tiny race with someone dirtying the range
	 * right between this check and the actual completion.
	 */
	if ((dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE) &&
	    !(dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK)) {
		if (dio->iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->nrpages)
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK;
		else
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_NO_INVALIDATE;
	}

	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK) {
		struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);

		/*
		 * Async DIO completion that requires filesystem level
		 * completion work gets punted to a work queue to complete as
		 * the operation may require more IO to be issued to finalise
		 * filesystem metadata changes or guarantee data integrity.
		 */
		INIT_WORK(&dio->aio.work, iomap_dio_complete_work);
		queue_work(inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq, &dio->aio.work);
		return;
	}

	WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, NULL);
	iomap_dio_complete_work(&dio->aio.work);
}

static void __iomap_dio_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio, bool inline_completion)
{
	struct iomap_dio *dio = bio->bi_private;

	if (bio_integrity(bio))
		fs_bio_integrity_free(bio);

	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_BOUNCE) {
		bio_iov_iter_unbounce(bio, !!dio->error,
				dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED);
		bio_put(bio);
	} else if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED) {
		bio_check_pages_dirty(bio);
	} else {
		bio_release_pages(bio, false);
		bio_put(bio);
	}

	/* Do not touch bio below, we just gave up our reference. */

	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&dio->ref)) {
		/*
		 * Avoid another context switch for the completion when already
		 * called from the ioend completion workqueue.
		 */
		if (inline_completion)
			dio->flags &= ~IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK;
		iomap_dio_done(dio);
	}
}

void iomap_dio_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio)
{
	struct iomap_dio *dio = bio->bi_private;

	if (bio->bi_status)
		iomap_dio_set_error(dio, blk_status_to_errno(bio->bi_status));
	__iomap_dio_bio_end_io(bio, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_dio_bio_end_io);

u32 iomap_finish_ioend_direct(struct iomap_ioend *ioend)
{
	struct iomap_dio *dio = ioend->io_bio.bi_private;
	u32 vec_count = ioend->io_bio.bi_vcnt;

	if (ioend->io_error)
		iomap_dio_set_error(dio, ioend->io_error);
	__iomap_dio_bio_end_io(&ioend->io_bio, true);

	/*
	 * Return the number of bvecs completed as even direct I/O completions
	 * do significant per-folio work and we'll still want to give up the
	 * CPU after a lot of completions.
	 */
	return vec_count;
}

static int iomap_dio_zero(const struct iomap_iter *iter, struct iomap_dio *dio,
		loff_t pos, unsigned len)
{
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(dio->iocb->ki_filp);
	struct bio *bio;
	struct folio *zero_folio = largest_zero_folio();
	int nr_vecs = max(1, i_blocksize(inode) / folio_size(zero_folio));

	if (!len)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * This limit shall never be reached as most filesystems have a
	 * maximum blocksize of 64k.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(nr_vecs > BIO_MAX_VECS))
		return -EINVAL;

	bio = iomap_dio_alloc_bio(iter, dio, nr_vecs,
				  REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SYNC | REQ_IDLE);
	fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx(bio, inode, pos, GFP_KERNEL);
	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = iomap_sector(&iter->iomap, pos);
	bio->bi_private = dio;
	bio->bi_end_io = iomap_dio_bio_end_io;

	while (len > 0) {
		unsigned int io_len = min(len, folio_size(zero_folio));

		bio_add_folio_nofail(bio, zero_folio, io_len, 0);
		len -= io_len;
	}
	iomap_dio_submit_bio(iter, dio, bio, pos);

	return 0;
}

static ssize_t iomap_dio_bio_iter_one(struct iomap_iter *iter,
		struct iomap_dio *dio, loff_t pos, unsigned int alignment,
		blk_opf_t op)
{
	unsigned int nr_vecs;
	struct bio *bio;
	ssize_t ret;

	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_BOUNCE)
		nr_vecs = bio_iov_bounce_nr_vecs(dio->submit.iter, op);
	else
		nr_vecs = bio_iov_vecs_to_alloc(dio->submit.iter, BIO_MAX_VECS);

	bio = iomap_dio_alloc_bio(iter, dio, nr_vecs, op);
	fscrypt_set_bio_crypt_ctx(bio, iter->inode, pos, GFP_KERNEL);
	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = iomap_sector(&iter->iomap, pos);
	bio->bi_write_hint = iter->inode->i_write_hint;
	bio->bi_ioprio = dio->iocb->ki_ioprio;
	bio->bi_private = dio;
	bio->bi_end_io = iomap_dio_bio_end_io;


	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_BOUNCE)
		ret = bio_iov_iter_bounce(bio, dio->submit.iter,
				iomap_max_bio_size(&iter->iomap), alignment);
	else
		ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, dio->submit.iter,
					     bdev_dma_alignment(bio->bi_bdev),
					     alignment - 1);
	if (unlikely(ret))
		goto out_put_bio;
	ret = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;

	/*
	 * An atomic write bio must cover the complete length.  If it doesn't,
	 * error out.
	 */
	if ((op & REQ_ATOMIC) && WARN_ON_ONCE(ret != iomap_length(iter))) {
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out_bio_release_pages;
	}

	if (iter->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY) {
		if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE)
			fs_bio_integrity_generate(bio);
		else
			fs_bio_integrity_alloc(bio);
	}

	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE)
		task_io_account_write(ret);
	else if ((dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED) &&
		 !(dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_BOUNCE))
		bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);

	/*
	 * We can only poll for single bio I/Os.
	 */
	if (iov_iter_count(dio->submit.iter))
		dio->iocb->ki_flags &= ~IOCB_HIPRI;
	iomap_dio_submit_bio(iter, dio, bio, pos);
	return ret;

out_bio_release_pages:
	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_BOUNCE)
		bio_iov_iter_unbounce(bio, true, false);
	else
		bio_release_pages(bio, false);
out_put_bio:
	bio_put(bio);
	return ret;
}

static inline unsigned int iomap_dio_alignment(struct inode *inode,
		struct block_device *bdev, unsigned int dio_flags)
{
	if (dio_flags & IOMAP_DIO_FSBLOCK_ALIGNED)
		return i_blocksize(inode);
	return bdev_logical_block_size(bdev);
}

static int iomap_dio_bio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter, struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	const struct iomap *iomap = &iter->iomap;
	struct inode *inode = iter->inode;
	unsigned int fs_block_size = i_blocksize(inode), pad;
	const loff_t length = iomap_length(iter);
	loff_t pos = iter->pos;
	blk_opf_t bio_opf = REQ_SYNC | REQ_IDLE;
	bool need_zeroout = false;
	u64 copied = 0;
	size_t orig_count;
	unsigned int alignment;
	ssize_t ret = 0;

	/*
	 * File systems that write out of place and always allocate new blocks
	 * need each bio to be block aligned as that's the unit of allocation.
	 */
	alignment = iomap_dio_alignment(inode, iomap->bdev, dio->flags);

	if ((pos | length) & (alignment - 1))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE) {
		bool need_completion_work = true;

		switch (iomap->type) {
		case IOMAP_MAPPED:
			/*
			 * Directly mapped I/O does not inherently need to do
			 * work at I/O completion time.  But there are various
			 * cases below where this will get set again.
			 */
			need_completion_work = false;
			break;
		case IOMAP_UNWRITTEN:
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_UNWRITTEN;
			need_zeroout = true;
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}

		if (iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_ATOMIC_BIO) {
			/*
			 * Ensure that the mapping covers the full write
			 * length, otherwise it won't be submitted as a single
			 * bio, which is required to use hardware atomics.
			 */
			if (length != iter->len)
				return -EINVAL;
			bio_opf |= REQ_ATOMIC;
		}

		if (iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_SHARED) {
			/*
			 * Unsharing of needs to update metadata at I/O
			 * completion time.
			 */
			need_completion_work = true;
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_COW;
		}

		if (iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_NEW) {
			/*
			 * Newly allocated blocks might need recording in
			 * metadata at I/O completion time.
			 */
			need_completion_work = true;
			need_zeroout = true;
		}

		/*
		 * Use a FUA write if we need datasync semantics and this is a
		 * pure overwrite that doesn't require any metadata updates.
		 *
		 * This allows us to avoid cache flushes on I/O completion.
		 */
		if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE_THROUGH) {
			if (!need_completion_work &&
			    !(iomap->flags & IOMAP_F_DIRTY) &&
			    (!bdev_write_cache(iomap->bdev) ||
			     bdev_fua(iomap->bdev)))
				bio_opf |= REQ_FUA;
			else
				dio->flags &= ~IOMAP_DIO_WRITE_THROUGH;
		}

		/*
		 * We can only do inline completion for pure overwrites that
		 * don't require additional I/O at completion time.
		 *
		 * This rules out writes that need zeroing or metdata updates to
		 * convert unwritten or shared extents.
		 *
		 * Writes that extend i_size are also not supported, but this is
		 * handled in __iomap_dio_rw().
		 */
		if (need_completion_work)
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK;

		bio_opf |= REQ_OP_WRITE;
	} else {
		bio_opf |= REQ_OP_READ;
	}

	/*
	 * Save the original count and trim the iter to just the extent we
	 * are operating on right now.  The iter will be re-expanded once
	 * we are done.
	 */
	orig_count = iov_iter_count(dio->submit.iter);
	iov_iter_truncate(dio->submit.iter, length);

	if (!iov_iter_count(dio->submit.iter))
		goto out;

	/*
	 * The rules for polled IO completions follow the guidelines as the
	 * ones we set for inline and deferred completions. If none of those
	 * are available for this IO, clear the polled flag.
	 */
	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK)
		dio->iocb->ki_flags &= ~IOCB_HIPRI;

	if (need_zeroout) {
		/* zero out from the start of the block to the write offset */
		pad = pos & (fs_block_size - 1);

		ret = iomap_dio_zero(iter, dio, pos - pad, pad);
		if (ret)
			goto out;
	}

	do {
		/*
		 * If completions already occurred and reported errors, give up now and
		 * don't bother submitting more bios.
		 */
		if (unlikely(data_race(dio->error)))
			goto out;

		ret = iomap_dio_bio_iter_one(iter, dio, pos, alignment, bio_opf);
		if (unlikely(ret < 0)) {
			/*
			 * We have to stop part way through an IO. We must fall
			 * through to the sub-block tail zeroing here, otherwise
			 * this short IO may expose stale data in the tail of
			 * the block we haven't written data to.
			 */
			break;
		}
		dio->size += ret;
		copied += ret;
		pos += ret;
		ret = 0;
	} while (iov_iter_count(dio->submit.iter));

	/*
	 * We need to zeroout the tail of a sub-block write if the extent type
	 * requires zeroing or the write extends beyond EOF. If we don't zero
	 * the block tail in the latter case, we can expose stale data via mmap
	 * reads of the EOF block.
	 */
	if (need_zeroout ||
	    ((dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE) && pos >= i_size_read(inode))) {
		/* zero out from the end of the write to the end of the block */
		pad = pos & (fs_block_size - 1);
		if (pad)
			ret = iomap_dio_zero(iter, dio, pos,
					     fs_block_size - pad);
	}
out:
	/* Undo iter limitation to current extent */
	iov_iter_reexpand(dio->submit.iter, orig_count - copied);
	if (copied)
		return iomap_iter_advance(iter, copied);
	return ret;
}

static int iomap_dio_hole_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter, struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	loff_t length = iov_iter_zero(iomap_length(iter), dio->submit.iter);

	dio->size += length;
	if (!length)
		return -EFAULT;
	return iomap_iter_advance(iter, length);
}

static int iomap_dio_inline_iter(struct iomap_iter *iomi, struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	const struct iomap *iomap = &iomi->iomap;
	struct iov_iter *iter = dio->submit.iter;
	void *inline_data = iomap_inline_data(iomap, iomi->pos);
	loff_t length = iomap_length(iomi);
	loff_t pos = iomi->pos;
	u64 copied;

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!inline_data))
		return -EIO;

	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE) {
		loff_t size = iomi->inode->i_size;

		if (pos > size)
			memset(iomap_inline_data(iomap, size), 0, pos - size);
		copied = copy_from_iter(inline_data, length, iter);
		if (copied) {
			if (pos + copied > size)
				i_size_write(iomi->inode, pos + copied);
			mark_inode_dirty(iomi->inode);
		}
	} else {
		copied = copy_to_iter(inline_data, length, iter);
	}
	dio->size += copied;
	if (!copied)
		return -EFAULT;
	return iomap_iter_advance(iomi, copied);
}

static int iomap_dio_iter(struct iomap_iter *iter, struct iomap_dio *dio)
{
	switch (iter->iomap.type) {
	case IOMAP_HOLE:
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE))
			return -EIO;
		return iomap_dio_hole_iter(iter, dio);
	case IOMAP_UNWRITTEN:
		if (!(dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE))
			return iomap_dio_hole_iter(iter, dio);
		return iomap_dio_bio_iter(iter, dio);
	case IOMAP_MAPPED:
		return iomap_dio_bio_iter(iter, dio);
	case IOMAP_INLINE:
		return iomap_dio_inline_iter(iter, dio);
	case IOMAP_DELALLOC:
		/*
		 * DIO is not serialised against mmap() access at all, and so
		 * if the page_mkwrite occurs between the writeback and the
		 * iomap_iter() call in the DIO path, then it will see the
		 * DELALLOC block that the page-mkwrite allocated.
		 */
		pr_warn_ratelimited("Direct I/O collision with buffered writes! File: %pD4 Comm: %.20s\n",
				    dio->iocb->ki_filp, current->comm);
		return -EIO;
	default:
		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
		return -EIO;
	}
}

/*
 * iomap_dio_rw() always completes O_[D]SYNC writes regardless of whether the IO
 * is being issued as AIO or not.  This allows us to optimise pure data writes
 * to use REQ_FUA rather than requiring generic_write_sync() to issue a
 * REQ_FLUSH post write. This is slightly tricky because a single request here
 * can be mapped into multiple disjoint IOs and only a subset of the IOs issued
 * may be pure data writes. In that case, we still need to do a full data sync
 * completion.
 *
 * When page faults are disabled and @dio_flags includes IOMAP_DIO_PARTIAL,
 * __iomap_dio_rw can return a partial result if it encounters a non-resident
 * page in @iter after preparing a transfer.  In that case, the non-resident
 * pages can be faulted in and the request resumed with @done_before set to the
 * number of bytes previously transferred.  The request will then complete with
 * the correct total number of bytes transferred; this is essential for
 * completing partial requests asynchronously.
 *
 * Returns -ENOTBLK In case of a page invalidation invalidation failure for
 * writes.  The callers needs to fall back to buffered I/O in this case.
 */
struct iomap_dio *
__iomap_dio_rw(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
		const struct iomap_ops *ops, const struct iomap_dio_ops *dops,
		unsigned int dio_flags, void *private, size_t done_before)
{
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
	struct iomap_iter iomi = {
		.inode		= inode,
		.pos		= iocb->ki_pos,
		.len		= iov_iter_count(iter),
		.flags		= IOMAP_DIRECT,
		.private	= private,
	};
	bool wait_for_completion =
		is_sync_kiocb(iocb) || (dio_flags & IOMAP_DIO_FORCE_WAIT);
	struct blk_plug plug;
	struct iomap_dio *dio;
	loff_t ret = 0;

	trace_iomap_dio_rw_begin(iocb, iter, dio_flags, done_before);

	if (!iomi.len)
		return NULL;

	dio = kmalloc_obj(*dio);
	if (!dio)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	dio->iocb = iocb;
	atomic_set(&dio->ref, 1);
	dio->size = 0;
	dio->i_size = i_size_read(inode);
	dio->dops = dops;
	dio->error = 0;
	dio->flags = dio_flags & (IOMAP_DIO_FSBLOCK_ALIGNED | IOMAP_DIO_BOUNCE);
	dio->done_before = done_before;

	dio->submit.iter = iter;
	dio->submit.waiter = current;

	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
		iomi.flags |= IOMAP_NOWAIT;

	if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) {
		if (iomi.pos >= dio->i_size)
			goto out_free_dio;

		if (user_backed_iter(iter))
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED;

		ret = kiocb_write_and_wait(iocb, iomi.len);
		if (ret)
			goto out_free_dio;
	} else {
		iomi.flags |= IOMAP_WRITE;
		dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_WRITE;

		if (dio_flags & IOMAP_DIO_OVERWRITE_ONLY) {
			ret = -EAGAIN;
			if (iomi.pos >= dio->i_size ||
			    iomi.pos + iomi.len > dio->i_size)
				goto out_free_dio;
			iomi.flags |= IOMAP_OVERWRITE_ONLY;
		}

		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_ATOMIC)
			iomi.flags |= IOMAP_ATOMIC;

		/* for data sync or sync, we need sync completion processing */
		if (iocb_is_dsync(iocb)) {
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_NEED_SYNC;

		       /*
			* For datasync only writes, we optimistically try using
			* WRITE_THROUGH for this IO. This flag requires either
			* FUA writes through the device's write cache, or a
			* normal write to a device without a volatile write
			* cache. For the former, Any non-FUA write that occurs
			* will clear this flag, hence we know before completion
			* whether a cache flush is necessary.
			*/
			if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_SYNC))
				dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_WRITE_THROUGH;
		}

		/*
		 * i_size updates must to happen from process context.
		 */
		if (iomi.pos + iomi.len > dio->i_size)
			dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK;

		/*
		 * Try to invalidate cache pages for the range we are writing.
		 * If this invalidation fails, let the caller fall back to
		 * buffered I/O.
		 */
		ret = kiocb_invalidate_pages(iocb, iomi.len);
		if (ret) {
			if (ret != -EAGAIN) {
				trace_iomap_dio_invalidate_fail(inode, iomi.pos,
								iomi.len);
				if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_ATOMIC) {
					/*
					 * folio invalidation failed, maybe
					 * this is transient, unlock and see if
					 * the caller tries again.
					 */
					ret = -EAGAIN;
				} else {
					/* fall back to buffered write */
					ret = -ENOTBLK;
				}
			}
			goto out_free_dio;
		}
	}

	if (!wait_for_completion && !inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq) {
		ret = sb_init_dio_done_wq(inode->i_sb);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto out_free_dio;
	}

	inode_dio_begin(inode);

	blk_start_plug(&plug);
	while ((ret = iomap_iter(&iomi, ops)) > 0) {
		iomi.status = iomap_dio_iter(&iomi, dio);

		/*
		 * We can only poll for single bio I/Os.
		 */
		iocb->ki_flags &= ~IOCB_HIPRI;
	}

	blk_finish_plug(&plug);

	/*
	 * We only report that we've read data up to i_size.
	 * Revert iter to a state corresponding to that as some callers (such
	 * as the splice code) rely on it.
	 */
	if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ && iomi.pos >= dio->i_size)
		iov_iter_revert(iter, iomi.pos - dio->i_size);

	if (ret == -EFAULT && dio->size && (dio_flags & IOMAP_DIO_PARTIAL)) {
		if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT))
			wait_for_completion = true;
		ret = 0;
	}

	/* magic error code to fall back to buffered I/O */
	if (ret == -ENOTBLK) {
		wait_for_completion = true;
		ret = 0;
	}
	if (ret < 0)
		iomap_dio_set_error(dio, ret);

	/*
	 * If all the writes we issued were already written through to the
	 * media, we don't need to flush the cache on IO completion. Clear the
	 * sync flag for this case.
	 *
	 * Otherwise clear the inline completion flag if any sync work is
	 * needed, as that needs to be performed from process context.
	 */
	if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_WRITE_THROUGH)
		dio->flags &= ~IOMAP_DIO_NEED_SYNC;
	else if (dio->flags & IOMAP_DIO_NEED_SYNC)
		dio->flags |= IOMAP_DIO_COMP_WORK;

	/*
	 * We are about to drop our additional submission reference, which
	 * might be the last reference to the dio.  There are three different
	 * ways we can progress here:
	 *
	 *  (a) If this is the last reference we will always complete and free
	 *	the dio ourselves.
	 *  (b) If this is not the last reference, and we serve an asynchronous
	 *	iocb, we must never touch the dio after the decrement, the
	 *	I/O completion handler will complete and free it.
	 *  (c) If this is not the last reference, but we serve a synchronous
	 *	iocb, the I/O completion handler will wake us up on the drop
	 *	of the final reference, and we will complete and free it here
	 *	after we got woken by the I/O completion handler.
	 */
	dio->wait_for_completion = wait_for_completion;
	if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&dio->ref)) {
		if (!wait_for_completion) {
			trace_iomap_dio_rw_queued(inode, iomi.pos, iomi.len);
			return ERR_PTR(-EIOCBQUEUED);
		}

		for (;;) {
			set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
			if (!READ_ONCE(dio->submit.waiter))
				break;

			blk_io_schedule();
		}
		__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	}

	return dio;

out_free_dio:
	kfree(dio);
	if (ret)
		return ERR_PTR(ret);
	return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__iomap_dio_rw);

ssize_t
iomap_dio_rw(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
		const struct iomap_ops *ops, const struct iomap_dio_ops *dops,
		unsigned int dio_flags, void *private, size_t done_before)
{
	struct iomap_dio *dio;

	dio = __iomap_dio_rw(iocb, iter, ops, dops, dio_flags, private,
			     done_before);
	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(dio))
		return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dio);
	return iomap_dio_complete(dio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iomap_dio_rw);

struct iomap_dio_simple {
	struct kiocb		*iocb;
	size_t			size;
	unsigned int		dio_flags;
	struct work_struct	work;
	/*
	 * Align @bio to a cacheline boundary so that, combined with the
	 * front_pad passed to bioset_init(), the bio sits at the start of
	 * a cacheline in memory returned by the (HWCACHE-aligned) bio
	 * slab.  This keeps the hot fields block layer touches on submit
	 * and completion (bi_iter, bi_status, ...) within a single line.
	 */
	struct bio		bio ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
};

static struct bio_set iomap_dio_simple_pool;

static ssize_t iomap_dio_simple_complete(struct iomap_dio_simple *sr)
{
	struct bio *bio = &sr->bio;
	struct kiocb *iocb = sr->iocb;
	struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
	ssize_t ret;

	if (unlikely(bio->bi_status)) {
		ret = blk_status_to_errno(bio->bi_status);
		if (should_report_dio_fserror(ret))
			fserror_report_io(inode, FSERR_DIRECTIO_READ,
					  iocb->ki_pos, sr->size, ret,
					  GFP_NOFS);
	} else {
		ret = sr->size;
		iocb->ki_pos += ret;
	}

	if (sr->dio_flags & IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED) {
		bio_check_pages_dirty(bio);
	} else {
		bio_release_pages(bio, false);
		bio_put(bio);
	}
	inode_dio_end(inode);
	trace_iomap_dio_complete(iocb, ret < 0 ? ret : 0, ret);
	return ret;
}

static void iomap_dio_simple_complete_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct iomap_dio_simple *sr =
		container_of(work, struct iomap_dio_simple, work);
	struct kiocb *iocb = sr->iocb;

	WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, NULL);
	iocb->ki_complete(iocb, iomap_dio_simple_complete(sr));
}

static void iomap_dio_simple_end_io(struct bio *bio)
{
	struct iomap_dio_simple *sr =
		container_of(bio, struct iomap_dio_simple, bio);
	struct kiocb *iocb = sr->iocb;

	if (unlikely(sr->bio.bi_status)) {
		struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);

		INIT_WORK(&sr->work, iomap_dio_simple_complete_work);
		queue_work(inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq, &sr->work);
		return;
	}

	WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, NULL);
	iocb->ki_complete(iocb, iomap_dio_simple_complete(sr));
}

ssize_t __iomap_dio_read_simple(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
		struct iomap_iter *iomi)
{
	gfp_t gfp = (iomi->flags & IOMAP_NOWAIT) ? GFP_NOWAIT : GFP_KERNEL;
	struct iomap_dio_simple *sr;
	unsigned int alignment;
	struct bio *bio;
	ssize_t ret;

	if (iomi->iomap.type != IOMAP_MAPPED ||
	    iomi->iomap.offset + iomi->iomap.length < iomi->pos + iomi->len ||
	    (iomi->iomap.flags & IOMAP_F_INTEGRITY)) {
		ret = -ENOTBLK;
		goto out_dio_end;
	}

	alignment = iomap_dio_alignment(iomi->inode, iomi->iomap.bdev, 0);
	if ((iomi->pos | iomi->len) & (alignment - 1)) {
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out_dio_end;
	}

	if (unlikely(!iomi->inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq &&
			!is_sync_kiocb(iocb))) {
		ret = sb_init_dio_done_wq(iomi->inode->i_sb);
		if (ret < 0)
			goto out_dio_end;
	}

	trace_iomap_dio_rw_begin(iocb, iter, 0, 0);

	bio = bio_alloc_bioset(iomi->iomap.bdev,
			       bio_iov_vecs_to_alloc(iter, BIO_MAX_VECS),
			       REQ_OP_READ, gfp, &iomap_dio_simple_pool);
	if (!bio) {
		ret = -EAGAIN;
		goto out_dio_end;
	}
	sr = container_of(bio, struct iomap_dio_simple, bio);
	sr->iocb = iocb;
	sr->dio_flags = 0;

	bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = iomap_sector(&iomi->iomap, iomi->pos);
	bio->bi_ioprio = iocb->ki_ioprio;

	ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, iter,
				bdev_dma_alignment(bio->bi_bdev),
				alignment - 1);
	if (unlikely(ret))
		goto out_bio_put;

	if (bio->bi_iter.bi_size != iomi->len) {
		iov_iter_revert(iter, bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
		ret = -ENOTBLK;
		goto out_bio_release_pages;
	}

	sr->size = bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
	if (user_backed_iter(iter)) {
		bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);
		sr->dio_flags |= IOMAP_DIO_USER_BACKED;
	}

	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;

	if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb)) {
		submit_bio_wait(bio);
		return iomap_dio_simple_complete(sr);
	}

	if ((iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI)) {
		bio->bi_opf |= REQ_POLLED;
		WRITE_ONCE(iocb->private, bio);
	}
	bio->bi_end_io = iomap_dio_simple_end_io;
	submit_bio(bio);
	trace_iomap_dio_rw_queued(iomi->inode, iocb->ki_pos, iomi->len);
	return -EIOCBQUEUED;

out_bio_release_pages:
	bio_release_pages(bio, false);
out_bio_put:
	bio_put(bio);
out_dio_end:
	inode_dio_end(iomi->inode);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__iomap_dio_read_simple);

static int __init iomap_dio_init(void)
{
	return bioset_init(&iomap_dio_simple_pool, 4,
			   offsetof(struct iomap_dio_simple, bio),
			   BIOSET_NEED_BVECS | BIOSET_PERCPU_CACHE);
}
fs_initcall(iomap_dio_init);