xref: /freebsd/sys/kern/kern_exec.c (revision 8177936ac293210251390e44d109ece0f3868df9)
1 /*-
2  * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 1993, David Greenman
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  *
16  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
17  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
18  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
19  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
20  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
21  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
22  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
23  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
24  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
25  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
26  * SUCH DAMAGE.
27  */
28 
29 #include "opt_capsicum.h"
30 #include "opt_hwpmc_hooks.h"
31 #include "opt_hwt_hooks.h"
32 #include "opt_ktrace.h"
33 #include "opt_vm.h"
34 
35 #include <sys/param.h>
36 #include <sys/systm.h>
37 #include <sys/acct.h>
38 #include <sys/asan.h>
39 #include <sys/capsicum.h>
40 #include <sys/compressor.h>
41 #include <sys/eventhandler.h>
42 #include <sys/exec.h>
43 #include <sys/fcntl.h>
44 #include <sys/filedesc.h>
45 #include <sys/imgact.h>
46 #include <sys/imgact_elf.h>
47 #include <sys/kernel.h>
48 #include <sys/limits.h>
49 #include <sys/lock.h>
50 #include <sys/malloc.h>
51 #include <sys/mman.h>
52 #include <sys/mount.h>
53 #include <sys/mutex.h>
54 #include <sys/namei.h>
55 #include <sys/priv.h>
56 #include <sys/proc.h>
57 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
58 #include <sys/reg.h>
59 #include <sys/resourcevar.h>
60 #include <sys/rwlock.h>
61 #include <sys/sched.h>
62 #include <sys/sdt.h>
63 #include <sys/sf_buf.h>
64 #include <sys/shm.h>
65 #include <sys/signalvar.h>
66 #include <sys/smp.h>
67 #include <sys/stat.h>
68 #include <sys/syscallsubr.h>
69 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
70 #include <sys/sysent.h>
71 #include <sys/sysproto.h>
72 #include <sys/timers.h>
73 #include <sys/ucoredump.h>
74 #include <sys/umtxvar.h>
75 #include <sys/vnode.h>
76 #include <sys/wait.h>
77 #ifdef KTRACE
78 #include <sys/ktrace.h>
79 #endif
80 
81 #include <vm/vm.h>
82 #include <vm/vm_param.h>
83 #include <vm/pmap.h>
84 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
85 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
86 #include <vm/vm_kern.h>
87 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
88 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
89 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
90 
91 #ifdef	HWPMC_HOOKS
92 #include <sys/pmckern.h>
93 #endif
94 
95 #ifdef HWT_HOOKS
96 #include <dev/hwt/hwt_hook.h>
97 #endif
98 
99 #include <security/audit/audit.h>
100 #include <security/mac/mac_framework.h>
101 
102 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
103 #include <sys/dtrace_bsd.h>
104 dtrace_execexit_func_t	dtrace_fasttrap_exec;
105 #endif
106 
107 SDT_PROVIDER_DECLARE(proc);
108 SDT_PROBE_DEFINE1(proc, , , exec, "char *");
109 SDT_PROBE_DEFINE1(proc, , , exec__failure, "int");
110 SDT_PROBE_DEFINE1(proc, , , exec__success, "char *");
111 
112 MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PARGS, "proc-args", "Process arguments");
113 
114 int coredump_pack_fileinfo = 1;
115 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, coredump_pack_fileinfo, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
116     &coredump_pack_fileinfo, 0,
117     "Enable file path packing in 'procstat -f' coredump notes");
118 
119 int coredump_pack_vmmapinfo = 1;
120 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, coredump_pack_vmmapinfo, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
121     &coredump_pack_vmmapinfo, 0,
122     "Enable file path packing in 'procstat -v' coredump notes");
123 
124 static int sysctl_kern_ps_strings(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
125 static int sysctl_kern_usrstack(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
126 static int sysctl_kern_stackprot(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
127 static int do_execve(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args,
128     struct mac *mac_p, struct vmspace *oldvmspace);
129 
130 /* XXX This should be vm_size_t. */
131 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, KERN_PS_STRINGS, ps_strings, CTLTYPE_ULONG|CTLFLAG_RD|
132     CTLFLAG_CAPRD|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0, sysctl_kern_ps_strings, "LU",
133     "Location of process' ps_strings structure");
134 
135 /* XXX This should be vm_size_t. */
136 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, KERN_USRSTACK, usrstack, CTLTYPE_ULONG|CTLFLAG_RD|
137     CTLFLAG_CAPRD|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE, NULL, 0, sysctl_kern_usrstack, "LU",
138     "Top of process stack");
139 
140 SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, stackprot, CTLTYPE_INT|CTLFLAG_RD|CTLFLAG_MPSAFE,
141     NULL, 0, sysctl_kern_stackprot, "I",
142     "Stack memory permissions");
143 
144 u_long ps_arg_cache_limit = PAGE_SIZE / 16;
145 SYSCTL_ULONG(_kern, OID_AUTO, ps_arg_cache_limit, CTLFLAG_RW,
146     &ps_arg_cache_limit, 0,
147     "Process' command line characters cache limit");
148 
149 static int disallow_high_osrel;
150 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, disallow_high_osrel, CTLFLAG_RW,
151     &disallow_high_osrel, 0,
152     "Disallow execution of binaries built for higher version of the world");
153 
154 static int map_at_zero = 0;
155 SYSCTL_INT(_security_bsd, OID_AUTO, map_at_zero, CTLFLAG_RWTUN, &map_at_zero, 0,
156     "Permit processes to map an object at virtual address 0.");
157 
158 static int core_dump_can_intr = 1;
159 SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, core_dump_can_intr, CTLFLAG_RWTUN,
160     &core_dump_can_intr, 0,
161     "Core dumping interruptible with SIGKILL");
162 
163 static int
164 sysctl_kern_ps_strings(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
165 {
166 	struct proc *p;
167 	vm_offset_t ps_strings;
168 
169 	p = curproc;
170 #ifdef SCTL_MASK32
171 	if (req->flags & SCTL_MASK32) {
172 		unsigned int val;
173 		val = (unsigned int)PROC_PS_STRINGS(p);
174 		return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &val, sizeof(val)));
175 	}
176 #endif
177 	ps_strings = PROC_PS_STRINGS(p);
178 	return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &ps_strings, sizeof(ps_strings)));
179 }
180 
181 static int
182 sysctl_kern_usrstack(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
183 {
184 	struct proc *p;
185 	vm_offset_t val;
186 
187 	p = curproc;
188 #ifdef SCTL_MASK32
189 	if (req->flags & SCTL_MASK32) {
190 		unsigned int val32;
191 
192 		val32 = round_page((unsigned int)p->p_vmspace->vm_stacktop);
193 		return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &val32, sizeof(val32)));
194 	}
195 #endif
196 	val = round_page(p->p_vmspace->vm_stacktop);
197 	return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &val, sizeof(val)));
198 }
199 
200 static int
201 sysctl_kern_stackprot(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
202 {
203 	struct proc *p;
204 
205 	p = curproc;
206 	return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, &p->p_sysent->sv_stackprot,
207 	    sizeof(p->p_sysent->sv_stackprot)));
208 }
209 
210 /*
211  * Each of the items is a pointer to a `const struct execsw', hence the
212  * double pointer here.
213  */
214 static const struct execsw **execsw;
215 
216 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
217 struct execve_args {
218 	char    *fname;
219 	char    **argv;
220 	char    **envv;
221 };
222 #endif
223 
224 int
225 sys_execve(struct thread *td, struct execve_args *uap)
226 {
227 	struct image_args args;
228 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
229 	int error;
230 
231 	error = pre_execve(td, &oldvmspace);
232 	if (error != 0)
233 		return (error);
234 	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, uap->fname, uap->argv, uap->envv);
235 	if (error == 0)
236 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, NULL, oldvmspace);
237 	post_execve(td, error, oldvmspace);
238 	AUDIT_SYSCALL_EXIT(error == EJUSTRETURN ? 0 : error, td);
239 	return (error);
240 }
241 
242 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
243 struct fexecve_args {
244 	int	fd;
245 	char	**argv;
246 	char	**envv;
247 };
248 #endif
249 int
250 sys_fexecve(struct thread *td, struct fexecve_args *uap)
251 {
252 	struct image_args args;
253 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
254 	int error;
255 
256 	error = pre_execve(td, &oldvmspace);
257 	if (error != 0)
258 		return (error);
259 	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, NULL, uap->argv, uap->envv);
260 	if (error == 0) {
261 		args.fd = uap->fd;
262 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, NULL, oldvmspace);
263 	}
264 	post_execve(td, error, oldvmspace);
265 	AUDIT_SYSCALL_EXIT(error == EJUSTRETURN ? 0 : error, td);
266 	return (error);
267 }
268 
269 #ifndef _SYS_SYSPROTO_H_
270 struct __mac_execve_args {
271 	char	*fname;
272 	char	**argv;
273 	char	**envv;
274 	struct mac	*mac_p;
275 };
276 #endif
277 
278 int
279 sys___mac_execve(struct thread *td, struct __mac_execve_args *uap)
280 {
281 #ifdef MAC
282 	struct image_args args;
283 	struct vmspace *oldvmspace;
284 	int error;
285 
286 	error = pre_execve(td, &oldvmspace);
287 	if (error != 0)
288 		return (error);
289 	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, uap->fname, uap->argv, uap->envv);
290 	if (error == 0)
291 		error = kern_execve(td, &args, uap->mac_p, oldvmspace);
292 	post_execve(td, error, oldvmspace);
293 	AUDIT_SYSCALL_EXIT(error == EJUSTRETURN ? 0 : error, td);
294 	return (error);
295 #else
296 	return (ENOSYS);
297 #endif
298 }
299 
300 int
301 pre_execve(struct thread *td, struct vmspace **oldvmspace)
302 {
303 	struct proc *p;
304 	int error;
305 
306 	KASSERT(td == curthread, ("non-current thread %p", td));
307 	error = 0;
308 	p = td->td_proc;
309 	if ((p->p_flag & P_HADTHREADS) != 0) {
310 		PROC_LOCK(p);
311 		if (thread_single(p, SINGLE_BOUNDARY) != 0)
312 			error = ERESTART;
313 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
314 	}
315 	KASSERT(error != 0 || (td->td_pflags & TDP_EXECVMSPC) == 0,
316 	    ("nested execve"));
317 	*oldvmspace = p->p_vmspace;
318 	return (error);
319 }
320 
321 void
322 post_execve(struct thread *td, int error, struct vmspace *oldvmspace)
323 {
324 	struct proc *p;
325 
326 	KASSERT(td == curthread, ("non-current thread %p", td));
327 	p = td->td_proc;
328 	if ((p->p_flag & P_HADTHREADS) != 0) {
329 		PROC_LOCK(p);
330 		/*
331 		 * If success, we upgrade to SINGLE_EXIT state to
332 		 * force other threads to suicide.
333 		 */
334 		if (error == EJUSTRETURN)
335 			thread_single(p, SINGLE_EXIT);
336 		else
337 			thread_single_end(p, SINGLE_BOUNDARY);
338 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
339 	}
340 	exec_cleanup(td, oldvmspace);
341 }
342 
343 /*
344  * kern_execve() has the astonishing property of not always returning
345  * to the caller.  If sufficiently bad things happen during the call
346  * to do_execve(), it can end up calling exit2(). Callers must avoid
347  * doing anything which they might need to undo (e.g., allocating
348  * memory), unless called from the ptrace(PT_SC_REMOTERQ) handler.
349  */
350 int
351 kern_execve(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args, struct mac *mac_p,
352     struct vmspace *oldvmspace)
353 {
354 
355 	TSEXEC(td->td_proc->p_pid, args->begin_argv);
356 	AUDIT_ARG_ARGV(args->begin_argv, args->argc,
357 	    exec_args_get_begin_envv(args) - args->begin_argv);
358 	AUDIT_ARG_ENVV(exec_args_get_begin_envv(args), args->envc,
359 	    args->endp - exec_args_get_begin_envv(args));
360 #ifdef KTRACE
361 	if (KTRPOINT(td, KTR_ARGS)) {
362 		ktrdata(KTR_ARGS, args->begin_argv,
363 		    exec_args_get_begin_envv(args) - args->begin_argv);
364         }
365 	if (KTRPOINT(td, KTR_ENVS)) {
366 		ktrdata(KTR_ENVS, exec_args_get_begin_envv(args),
367 		    args->endp - exec_args_get_begin_envv(args));
368         }
369 #endif
370 	/* Must have at least one argument. */
371 	if (args->argc == 0) {
372 		exec_free_args(args);
373 		return (EINVAL);
374 	}
375 	return (do_execve(td, args, mac_p, oldvmspace));
376 }
377 
378 static void
379 execve_nosetid(struct image_params *imgp)
380 {
381 	imgp->credential_setid = false;
382 	if (imgp->newcred != NULL) {
383 		crfree(imgp->newcred);
384 		imgp->newcred = NULL;
385 	}
386 }
387 
388 /*
389  * Returns true if the execblock was obtained, in this case the
390  * process lock is kept.  Returns false if the execblock was not
391  * obtained, but the function slept and the lock was dropped.
392  */
393 bool
394 execve_block(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
395 {
396 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
397 	MPASS(td == curthread);
398 	MPASS(p != td->td_proc || (p->p_flag & P_INEXEC) == 0);
399 
400 	if (p != td->td_proc && (p->p_flag & P_INEXEC) != 0) {
401 		p->p_flag |= P_INEXEC_WAIT;
402 		msleep(&p->p_execblock, &p->p_mtx, PDROP, "inexec", 0);
403 		return (false);
404 	}
405 	MPASS(p->p_execblock < UINT_MAX);
406 	p->p_execblock++;
407 	return (true);
408 }
409 
410 /*
411  * Might drop the process lock internally, callers must re-check the
412  * invariants afterward.
413  */
414 void
415 execve_block_wait(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
416 {
417 	bool first;
418 
419 	PROC_ASSERT_HELD(p);
420 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
421 
422 	for (first = true;; first = false) {
423 		if (!first)
424 			PROC_LOCK(p);
425 		if (execve_block(td, p))
426 			return;
427 	}
428 }
429 
430 void
431 execve_unblock(struct thread *td, struct proc *p)
432 {
433 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
434 	MPASS(td == curthread);
435 
436 	MPASS(p->p_execblock > 0);
437 	p->p_execblock--;
438 	if (p->p_execblock == 0 && (p->p_flag & P_INEXEC_WAIT) != 0) {
439 		p->p_flag &= ~P_INEXEC_WAIT;
440 		wakeup(&p->p_execblock);
441 	}
442 }
443 
444 void
445 execve_block_pass(struct thread *td)
446 {
447 	struct proc *p;
448 
449 	MPASS(td == curthread);
450 	p = td->td_proc;
451 	PROC_LOCK_ASSERT(p, MA_OWNED);
452 
453 	while (p->p_execblock != 0) {
454 		p->p_flag |= P_INEXEC_WAIT;
455 		msleep(&p->p_execblock, &p->p_mtx, 0, "exeblk", 0);
456 	}
457 }
458 
459 /*
460  * In-kernel implementation of execve().  All arguments are assumed to be
461  * userspace pointers from the passed thread.
462  */
463 static int
464 do_execve(struct thread *td, struct image_args *args, struct mac *mac_p,
465     struct vmspace *oldvmspace)
466 {
467 	struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
468 	struct nameidata nd;
469 	struct ucred *oldcred;
470 	struct uidinfo *euip = NULL;
471 	uintptr_t stack_base;
472 	struct image_params image_params, *imgp;
473 	struct vattr attr;
474 	struct pargs *oldargs = NULL, *newargs = NULL;
475 	struct sigacts *oldsigacts = NULL, *newsigacts = NULL;
476 #ifdef KTRACE
477 	struct ktr_io_params *kiop;
478 #endif
479 	struct vnode *oldtextvp, *newtextvp;
480 	struct vnode *oldtextdvp, *newtextdvp;
481 	char *oldbinname, *newbinname;
482 	bool credential_changing;
483 #ifdef MAC
484 	struct label *interpvplabel = NULL;
485 	bool will_transition;
486 #endif
487 #ifdef HWPMC_HOOKS
488 	struct pmckern_procexec pe;
489 #endif
490 	int error, i, orig_osrel;
491 	uint32_t orig_fctl0;
492 	const Elf_Brandinfo *orig_brandinfo;
493 	size_t freepath_size;
494 	static const char fexecv_proc_title[] = "(fexecv)";
495 
496 	imgp = &image_params;
497 	oldtextvp = oldtextdvp = NULL;
498 	newtextvp = newtextdvp = NULL;
499 	newbinname = oldbinname = NULL;
500 #ifdef KTRACE
501 	kiop = NULL;
502 #endif
503 
504 	/*
505 	 * Lock the process and set the P_INEXEC flag to indicate that
506 	 * it should be left alone until we're done here.  This is
507 	 * necessary to avoid race conditions - e.g. in ptrace() -
508 	 * that might allow a local user to illicitly obtain elevated
509 	 * privileges.
510 	 */
511 	PROC_LOCK(p);
512 	KASSERT((p->p_flag & P_INEXEC) == 0,
513 	    ("%s(): process already has P_INEXEC flag", __func__));
514 	execve_block_pass(td);
515 	p->p_flag |= P_INEXEC;
516 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
517 
518 	/*
519 	 * Initialize part of the common data
520 	 */
521 	bzero(imgp, sizeof(*imgp));
522 	imgp->proc = p;
523 	imgp->td = td;
524 	imgp->attr = &attr;
525 	imgp->args = args;
526 	oldcred = p->p_ucred;
527 	orig_osrel = p->p_osrel;
528 	orig_fctl0 = p->p_fctl0;
529 	orig_brandinfo = p->p_elf_brandinfo;
530 
531 #ifdef MAC
532 	error = mac_execve_enter(imgp, mac_p);
533 	if (error)
534 		goto exec_fail;
535 #endif
536 
537 	SDT_PROBE1(proc, , , exec, args->fname);
538 
539 interpret:
540 	if (args->fname != NULL) {
541 #ifdef CAPABILITY_MODE
542 		if (CAP_TRACING(td))
543 			ktrcapfail(CAPFAIL_NAMEI, args->fname);
544 		/*
545 		 * While capability mode can't reach this point via direct
546 		 * path arguments to execve(), we also don't allow
547 		 * interpreters to be used in capability mode (for now).
548 		 * Catch indirect lookups and return a permissions error.
549 		 */
550 		if (IN_CAPABILITY_MODE(td)) {
551 			error = ECAPMODE;
552 			goto exec_fail;
553 		}
554 #endif
555 
556 		/*
557 		 * Translate the file name. namei() returns a vnode
558 		 * pointer in ni_vp among other things.
559 		 */
560 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, ISOPEN | LOCKLEAF | LOCKSHARED | FOLLOW |
561 		    AUDITVNODE1 | WANTPARENT, UIO_SYSSPACE,
562 		    args->fname);
563 
564 		error = namei(&nd);
565 		if (error)
566 			goto exec_fail;
567 
568 		newtextvp = nd.ni_vp;
569 		newtextdvp = nd.ni_dvp;
570 		nd.ni_dvp = NULL;
571 		newbinname = malloc(nd.ni_cnd.cn_namelen + 1, M_PARGS,
572 		    M_WAITOK);
573 		memcpy(newbinname, nd.ni_cnd.cn_nameptr, nd.ni_cnd.cn_namelen);
574 		newbinname[nd.ni_cnd.cn_namelen] = '\0';
575 		imgp->vp = newtextvp;
576 
577 		/*
578 		 * Do the best to calculate the full path to the image file.
579 		 */
580 		if (args->fname[0] == '/') {
581 			imgp->execpath = args->fname;
582 		} else {
583 			VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
584 			freepath_size = MAXPATHLEN;
585 			if (vn_fullpath_hardlink(newtextvp, newtextdvp,
586 			    newbinname, nd.ni_cnd.cn_namelen, &imgp->execpath,
587 			    &imgp->freepath, &freepath_size) != 0)
588 				imgp->execpath = args->fname;
589 			vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
590 		}
591 	} else if (imgp->interpreter_vp) {
592 		/*
593 		 * An image activator has already provided an open vnode
594 		 */
595 		newtextvp = imgp->interpreter_vp;
596 		imgp->interpreter_vp = NULL;
597 		if (vn_fullpath(newtextvp, &imgp->execpath,
598 		    &imgp->freepath) != 0)
599 			imgp->execpath = args->fname;
600 		vn_lock(newtextvp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
601 		AUDIT_ARG_VNODE1(newtextvp);
602 		imgp->vp = newtextvp;
603 	} else {
604 		AUDIT_ARG_FD(args->fd);
605 
606 		/*
607 		 * If the descriptors was not opened with O_PATH, then
608 		 * we require that it was opened with O_EXEC or
609 		 * O_RDONLY.  In either case, exec_check_permissions()
610 		 * below checks _current_ file access mode regardless
611 		 * of the permissions additionally checked at the
612 		 * open(2).
613 		 */
614 		error = fgetvp_exec(td, args->fd, &cap_fexecve_rights,
615 		    &newtextvp);
616 		if (error != 0)
617 			goto exec_fail;
618 
619 		if (vn_fullpath(newtextvp, &imgp->execpath,
620 		    &imgp->freepath) != 0)
621 			imgp->execpath = args->fname;
622 		vn_lock(newtextvp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
623 		AUDIT_ARG_VNODE1(newtextvp);
624 		imgp->vp = newtextvp;
625 	}
626 
627 	/*
628 	 * Check file permissions.  Also 'opens' file and sets its vnode to
629 	 * text mode.
630 	 */
631 	error = exec_check_permissions(imgp);
632 	if (error)
633 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
634 
635 	imgp->object = imgp->vp->v_object;
636 	if (imgp->object != NULL)
637 		vm_object_reference(imgp->object);
638 
639 	error = exec_map_first_page(imgp);
640 	if (error)
641 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
642 
643 	imgp->proc->p_osrel = 0;
644 	imgp->proc->p_fctl0 = 0;
645 	imgp->proc->p_elf_brandinfo = NULL;
646 
647 	/*
648 	 * Implement image setuid/setgid.
649 	 *
650 	 * Determine new credentials before attempting image activators
651 	 * so that it can be used by process_exec handlers to determine
652 	 * credential/setid changes.
653 	 *
654 	 * Don't honor setuid/setgid if the filesystem prohibits it or if
655 	 * the process is being traced.
656 	 *
657 	 * We disable setuid/setgid/etc in capability mode on the basis
658 	 * that most setugid applications are not written with that
659 	 * environment in mind, and will therefore almost certainly operate
660 	 * incorrectly. In principle there's no reason that setugid
661 	 * applications might not be useful in capability mode, so we may want
662 	 * to reconsider this conservative design choice in the future.
663 	 *
664 	 * XXXMAC: For the time being, use NOSUID to also prohibit
665 	 * transitions on the file system.
666 	 */
667 	credential_changing = false;
668 	credential_changing |= (attr.va_mode & S_ISUID) &&
669 	    oldcred->cr_uid != attr.va_uid;
670 	credential_changing |= (attr.va_mode & S_ISGID) &&
671 	    oldcred->cr_gid != attr.va_gid;
672 #ifdef MAC
673 	will_transition = mac_vnode_execve_will_transition(oldcred, imgp->vp,
674 	    interpvplabel, imgp) != 0;
675 	credential_changing |= will_transition;
676 #endif
677 
678 	/* Don't inherit PROC_PDEATHSIG_CTL value if setuid/setgid. */
679 	if (credential_changing)
680 		imgp->proc->p_pdeathsig = 0;
681 
682 	if (credential_changing &&
683 #ifdef CAPABILITY_MODE
684 	    ((oldcred->cr_flags & CRED_FLAG_CAPMODE) == 0) &&
685 #endif
686 	    (imgp->vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID) == 0 &&
687 	    (p->p_flag & P_TRACED) == 0) {
688 		imgp->credential_setid = true;
689 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
690 		imgp->newcred = crdup(oldcred);
691 		if (attr.va_mode & S_ISUID) {
692 			euip = uifind(attr.va_uid);
693 			change_euid(imgp->newcred, euip);
694 		}
695 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
696 		if (attr.va_mode & S_ISGID)
697 			change_egid(imgp->newcred, attr.va_gid);
698 		/*
699 		 * Implement correct POSIX saved-id behavior.
700 		 *
701 		 * XXXMAC: Note that the current logic will save the
702 		 * uid and gid if a MAC domain transition occurs, even
703 		 * though maybe it shouldn't.
704 		 */
705 		change_svuid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_uid);
706 		change_svgid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_gid);
707 	} else {
708 		/*
709 		 * Implement correct POSIX saved-id behavior.
710 		 *
711 		 * XXX: It's not clear that the existing behavior is
712 		 * POSIX-compliant.  A number of sources indicate that the
713 		 * saved uid/gid should only be updated if the new ruid is
714 		 * not equal to the old ruid, or the new euid is not equal
715 		 * to the old euid and the new euid is not equal to the old
716 		 * ruid.  The FreeBSD code always updates the saved uid/gid.
717 		 * Also, this code uses the new (replaced) euid and egid as
718 		 * the source, which may or may not be the right ones to use.
719 		 */
720 		if (oldcred->cr_svuid != oldcred->cr_uid ||
721 		    oldcred->cr_svgid != oldcred->cr_gid) {
722 			VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
723 			imgp->newcred = crdup(oldcred);
724 			vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
725 			change_svuid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_uid);
726 			change_svgid(imgp->newcred, imgp->newcred->cr_gid);
727 		}
728 	}
729 	/* The new credentials are installed into the process later. */
730 
731 	/*
732 	 *	Loop through the list of image activators, calling each one.
733 	 *	An activator returns -1 if there is no match, 0 on success,
734 	 *	and an error otherwise.
735 	 */
736 	error = -1;
737 	for (i = 0; error == -1 && execsw[i]; ++i) {
738 		if (execsw[i]->ex_imgact == NULL)
739 			continue;
740 		error = (*execsw[i]->ex_imgact)(imgp);
741 	}
742 
743 	if (error) {
744 		if (error == -1)
745 			error = ENOEXEC;
746 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
747 	}
748 
749 	/*
750 	 * Special interpreter operation, cleanup and loop up to try to
751 	 * activate the interpreter.
752 	 */
753 	if (imgp->interpreted != 0 &&
754 	    imgp->interpreted != IMGACT_INTERP_IGNORE) {
755 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
756 		/*
757 		 * The text reference needs to be removed for scripts.
758 		 * There is a short period before we determine that
759 		 * something is a script where text reference is active.
760 		 * The vnode lock is held over this entire period
761 		 * so nothing should illegitimately be blocked.
762 		 */
763 		MPASS(imgp->textset);
764 		VOP_UNSET_TEXT_CHECKED(newtextvp);
765 		imgp->textset = false;
766 		/* free name buffer and old vnode */
767 #ifdef MAC
768 		mac_execve_interpreter_enter(newtextvp, &interpvplabel);
769 #endif
770 		if (imgp->opened) {
771 			VOP_CLOSE(newtextvp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td);
772 			imgp->opened = false;
773 		}
774 		vput(newtextvp);
775 		imgp->vp = newtextvp = NULL;
776 		if (args->fname != NULL) {
777 			if (newtextdvp != NULL) {
778 				vrele(newtextdvp);
779 				newtextdvp = NULL;
780 			}
781 			NDFREE_PNBUF(&nd);
782 			free(newbinname, M_PARGS);
783 			newbinname = NULL;
784 		}
785 		vm_object_deallocate(imgp->object);
786 		imgp->object = NULL;
787 		execve_nosetid(imgp);
788 		imgp->execpath = NULL;
789 		free(imgp->freepath, M_TEMP);
790 		imgp->freepath = NULL;
791 		/* set new name to that of the interpreter */
792 		if (imgp->interpreter_vp) {
793 			args->fname = NULL;
794 		} else {
795 			args->fname = imgp->interpreter_name;
796 		}
797 		goto interpret;
798 	}
799 
800 	/*
801 	 * NB: We unlock the vnode here because it is believed that none
802 	 * of the sv_copyout_strings/sv_fixup operations require the vnode.
803 	 */
804 	VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
805 
806 	if (disallow_high_osrel &&
807 	    P_OSREL_MAJOR(p->p_osrel) > P_OSREL_MAJOR(__FreeBSD_version)) {
808 		error = ENOEXEC;
809 		uprintf("Osrel %d for image %s too high\n", p->p_osrel,
810 		    imgp->execpath != NULL ? imgp->execpath : "<unresolved>");
811 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
812 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
813 	}
814 
815 	/*
816 	 * Copy out strings (args and env) and initialize stack base.
817 	 */
818 	error = (*p->p_sysent->sv_copyout_strings)(imgp, &stack_base);
819 	if (error != 0) {
820 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
821 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
822 	}
823 
824 	/*
825 	 * Stack setup.
826 	 */
827 	error = (*p->p_sysent->sv_fixup)(&stack_base, imgp);
828 	if (error != 0) {
829 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
830 		goto exec_fail_dealloc;
831 	}
832 
833 	/*
834 	 * For security and other reasons, the file descriptor table cannot be
835 	 * shared after an exec.
836 	 */
837 	fdunshare(td);
838 	pdunshare(td);
839 	/* close files on exec */
840 	fdcloseexec(td);
841 
842 	/*
843 	 * Malloc things before we need locks.
844 	 */
845 	i = exec_args_get_begin_envv(imgp->args) - imgp->args->begin_argv;
846 	/* Cache arguments if they fit inside our allowance */
847 	if (ps_arg_cache_limit >= i + sizeof(struct pargs)) {
848 		newargs = pargs_alloc(i);
849 		bcopy(imgp->args->begin_argv, newargs->ar_args, i);
850 	}
851 
852 	/*
853 	 * For security and other reasons, signal handlers cannot
854 	 * be shared after an exec. The new process gets a copy of the old
855 	 * handlers. In execsigs(), the new process will have its signals
856 	 * reset.
857 	 */
858 	if (sigacts_shared(p->p_sigacts)) {
859 		oldsigacts = p->p_sigacts;
860 		newsigacts = sigacts_alloc();
861 		sigacts_copy(newsigacts, oldsigacts);
862 	}
863 
864 	vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
865 
866 	PROC_LOCK(p);
867 	if (oldsigacts)
868 		p->p_sigacts = newsigacts;
869 	/* Stop profiling */
870 	stopprofclock(p);
871 
872 	/* reset caught signals */
873 	execsigs(p);
874 
875 	/* name this process - nameiexec(p, ndp) */
876 	bzero(p->p_comm, sizeof(p->p_comm));
877 	if (args->fname)
878 		bcopy(nd.ni_cnd.cn_nameptr, p->p_comm,
879 		    min(nd.ni_cnd.cn_namelen, MAXCOMLEN));
880 	else if (vn_commname(newtextvp, p->p_comm, sizeof(p->p_comm)) != 0)
881 		bcopy(fexecv_proc_title, p->p_comm, sizeof(fexecv_proc_title));
882 	bcopy(p->p_comm, td->td_name, sizeof(td->td_name));
883 #ifdef KTR
884 	sched_clear_tdname(td);
885 #endif
886 
887 	/*
888 	 * mark as execed, wakeup the process that vforked (if any) and tell
889 	 * it that it now has its own resources back
890 	 */
891 	p->p_flag |= P_EXEC;
892 	td->td_pflags2 &= ~TDP2_UEXTERR;
893 	if ((p->p_flag2 & P2_NOTRACE_EXEC) == 0)
894 		p->p_flag2 &= ~P2_NOTRACE;
895 	if ((p->p_flag2 & P2_STKGAP_DISABLE_EXEC) == 0)
896 		p->p_flag2 &= ~P2_STKGAP_DISABLE;
897 	p->p_flag2 &= ~(P2_MEMBAR_PRIVE | P2_MEMBAR_PRIVE_SYNCORE |
898 	    P2_MEMBAR_GLOBE);
899 	if (p->p_flag & P_PPWAIT) {
900 		p->p_flag &= ~(P_PPWAIT | P_PPTRACE);
901 		cv_broadcast(&p->p_pwait);
902 		/* STOPs are no longer ignored, arrange for AST */
903 		signotify(td);
904 	}
905 
906 	if ((imgp->sysent->sv_setid_allowed != NULL &&
907 	    !(*imgp->sysent->sv_setid_allowed)(td, imgp)) ||
908 	    (p->p_flag2 & P2_NO_NEW_PRIVS) != 0)
909 		execve_nosetid(imgp);
910 
911 	/*
912 	 * Implement image setuid/setgid installation.
913 	 */
914 	if (imgp->credential_setid) {
915 		/*
916 		 * Turn off syscall tracing for set-id programs, except for
917 		 * root.  Record any set-id flags first to make sure that
918 		 * we do not regain any tracing during a possible block.
919 		 */
920 		setsugid(p);
921 #ifdef KTRACE
922 		kiop = ktrprocexec(p);
923 #endif
924 		/*
925 		 * Close any file descriptors 0..2 that reference procfs,
926 		 * then make sure file descriptors 0..2 are in use.
927 		 *
928 		 * Both fdsetugidsafety() and fdcheckstd() may call functions
929 		 * taking sleepable locks, so temporarily drop our locks.
930 		 */
931 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
932 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
933 		fdsetugidsafety(td);
934 		error = fdcheckstd(td);
935 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
936 		if (error != 0)
937 			goto exec_fail_dealloc;
938 		PROC_LOCK(p);
939 #ifdef MAC
940 		if (will_transition) {
941 			mac_vnode_execve_transition(oldcred, imgp->newcred,
942 			    imgp->vp, interpvplabel, imgp);
943 		}
944 #endif
945 	} else {
946 		if (oldcred->cr_uid == oldcred->cr_ruid &&
947 		    oldcred->cr_gid == oldcred->cr_rgid)
948 			p->p_flag &= ~P_SUGID;
949 	}
950 	/*
951 	 * Set the new credentials.
952 	 */
953 	if (imgp->newcred != NULL) {
954 		proc_set_cred(p, imgp->newcred);
955 		crfree(oldcred);
956 		oldcred = NULL;
957 	}
958 
959 	/*
960 	 * Store the vp for use in kern.proc.pathname.  This vnode was
961 	 * referenced by namei() or by fexecve variant of fname handling.
962 	 */
963 	oldtextvp = p->p_textvp;
964 	p->p_textvp = newtextvp;
965 	oldtextdvp = p->p_textdvp;
966 	p->p_textdvp = newtextdvp;
967 	newtextdvp = NULL;
968 	oldbinname = p->p_binname;
969 	p->p_binname = newbinname;
970 	newbinname = NULL;
971 
972 #ifdef KDTRACE_HOOKS
973 	/*
974 	 * Tell the DTrace fasttrap provider about the exec if it
975 	 * has declared an interest.
976 	 */
977 	if (dtrace_fasttrap_exec)
978 		dtrace_fasttrap_exec(p);
979 #endif
980 
981 	/*
982 	 * Notify others that we exec'd, and clear the P_INEXEC flag
983 	 * as we're now a bona fide freshly-execed process.
984 	 */
985 	KNOTE_LOCKED(p->p_klist, NOTE_EXEC);
986 	MPASS(p->p_execblock == 0);
987 	if ((p->p_flag & P_INEXEC_WAIT) != 0)
988 		wakeup(&p->p_execblock);
989 	p->p_flag &= ~(P_INEXEC | P_INEXEC_WAIT);
990 
991 	/* clear "fork but no exec" flag, as we _are_ execing */
992 	p->p_acflag &= ~AFORK;
993 
994 	/*
995 	 * Free any previous argument cache and replace it with
996 	 * the new argument cache, if any.
997 	 */
998 	oldargs = p->p_args;
999 	p->p_args = newargs;
1000 	newargs = NULL;
1001 
1002 	PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1003 
1004 #ifdef	HWPMC_HOOKS
1005 	/*
1006 	 * Check if system-wide sampling is in effect or if the
1007 	 * current process is using PMCs.  If so, do exec() time
1008 	 * processing.  This processing needs to happen AFTER the
1009 	 * P_INEXEC flag is cleared.
1010 	 */
1011 	if (PMC_SYSTEM_SAMPLING_ACTIVE() || PMC_PROC_IS_USING_PMCS(p)) {
1012 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
1013 		pe.pm_credentialschanged = credential_changing;
1014 		pe.pm_baseaddr = imgp->reloc_base;
1015 		pe.pm_dynaddr = imgp->et_dyn_addr;
1016 
1017 		PMC_CALL_HOOK_X(td, PMC_FN_PROCESS_EXEC, (void *) &pe);
1018 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
1019 	}
1020 #endif
1021 
1022 #ifdef HWT_HOOKS
1023 	if ((td->td_proc->p_flag2 & P2_HWT) != 0) {
1024 		struct hwt_record_entry ent;
1025 
1026 		VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
1027 		ent.fullpath = imgp->execpath;
1028 		ent.addr = imgp->et_dyn_addr;
1029 		ent.baseaddr = imgp->reloc_base;
1030 		ent.record_type = HWT_RECORD_EXECUTABLE;
1031 		HWT_CALL_HOOK(td, HWT_EXEC, &ent);
1032 		vn_lock(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
1033 	}
1034 #endif
1035 
1036 	/* Set values passed into the program in registers. */
1037 	(*p->p_sysent->sv_setregs)(td, imgp, stack_base);
1038 
1039 	VOP_UPDATE_ATIME(imgp->vp, NULL);
1040 
1041 	SDT_PROBE1(proc, , , exec__success, args->fname);
1042 
1043 exec_fail_dealloc:
1044 	if (error != 0) {
1045 		p->p_osrel = orig_osrel;
1046 		p->p_fctl0 = orig_fctl0;
1047 		p->p_elf_brandinfo = orig_brandinfo;
1048 	}
1049 
1050 	if (imgp->firstpage != NULL)
1051 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
1052 
1053 	if (imgp->vp != NULL) {
1054 		if (imgp->opened)
1055 			VOP_CLOSE(imgp->vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td);
1056 		if (imgp->textset)
1057 			VOP_UNSET_TEXT_CHECKED(imgp->vp);
1058 		if (error != 0)
1059 			vput(imgp->vp);
1060 		else
1061 			VOP_UNLOCK(imgp->vp);
1062 		if (args->fname != NULL)
1063 			NDFREE_PNBUF(&nd);
1064 		if (newtextdvp != NULL)
1065 			vrele(newtextdvp);
1066 		free(newbinname, M_PARGS);
1067 	}
1068 
1069 	if (imgp->object != NULL)
1070 		vm_object_deallocate(imgp->object);
1071 
1072 	free(imgp->freepath, M_TEMP);
1073 
1074 	if (error == 0) {
1075 		if (p->p_ptevents & PTRACE_EXEC) {
1076 			PROC_LOCK(p);
1077 			if (p->p_ptevents & PTRACE_EXEC)
1078 				td->td_dbgflags |= TDB_EXEC;
1079 			PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1080 		}
1081 	} else {
1082 exec_fail:
1083 		/* we're done here, clear P_INEXEC */
1084 		PROC_LOCK(p);
1085 		if ((p->p_flag & P_INEXEC_WAIT) != 0)
1086 			wakeup(&p->p_execblock);
1087 		p->p_flag &= ~(P_INEXEC | P_INEXEC_WAIT);
1088 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1089 
1090 		SDT_PROBE1(proc, , , exec__failure, error);
1091 	}
1092 
1093 	if (imgp->newcred != NULL && oldcred != NULL)
1094 		crfree(imgp->newcred);
1095 
1096 #ifdef MAC
1097 	mac_execve_exit(imgp);
1098 	mac_execve_interpreter_exit(interpvplabel);
1099 #endif
1100 	exec_free_args(args);
1101 
1102 	/*
1103 	 * Handle deferred decrement of ref counts.
1104 	 */
1105 	if (oldtextvp != NULL)
1106 		vrele(oldtextvp);
1107 	if (oldtextdvp != NULL)
1108 		vrele(oldtextdvp);
1109 	free(oldbinname, M_PARGS);
1110 #ifdef KTRACE
1111 	ktr_io_params_free(kiop);
1112 #endif
1113 	pargs_drop(oldargs);
1114 	pargs_drop(newargs);
1115 	if (oldsigacts != NULL)
1116 		sigacts_free(oldsigacts);
1117 	if (euip != NULL)
1118 		uifree(euip);
1119 
1120 	if (error && imgp->vmspace_destroyed) {
1121 		/* sorry, no more process anymore. exit gracefully */
1122 		exec_cleanup(td, oldvmspace);
1123 		kern_exit(td, 0, SIGABRT);
1124 	}
1125 
1126 #ifdef KTRACE
1127 	if (error == 0)
1128 		ktrprocctor(p);
1129 #endif
1130 
1131 	/*
1132 	 * We don't want cpu_set_syscall_retval() to overwrite any of
1133 	 * the register values put in place by exec_setregs().
1134 	 * Implementations of cpu_set_syscall_retval() will leave
1135 	 * registers unmodified when returning EJUSTRETURN.
1136 	 */
1137 	return (error == 0 ? EJUSTRETURN : error);
1138 }
1139 
1140 void
1141 exec_cleanup(struct thread *td, struct vmspace *oldvmspace)
1142 {
1143 	if ((td->td_pflags & TDP_EXECVMSPC) != 0) {
1144 		KASSERT(td->td_proc->p_vmspace != oldvmspace,
1145 		    ("oldvmspace still used"));
1146 		vmspace_free(oldvmspace);
1147 		td->td_pflags &= ~TDP_EXECVMSPC;
1148 	}
1149 }
1150 
1151 int
1152 exec_map_first_page(struct image_params *imgp)
1153 {
1154 	vm_object_t object;
1155 	vm_page_t m;
1156 	int error;
1157 
1158 	if (imgp->firstpage != NULL)
1159 		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
1160 
1161 	object = imgp->vp->v_object;
1162 	if (object == NULL)
1163 		return (EACCES);
1164 #if VM_NRESERVLEVEL > 0
1165 	if ((object->flags & OBJ_COLORED) == 0) {
1166 		VM_OBJECT_WLOCK(object);
1167 		vm_object_color(object, 0);
1168 		VM_OBJECT_WUNLOCK(object);
1169 	}
1170 #endif
1171 	error = vm_page_grab_valid_unlocked(&m, object, 0,
1172 	    VM_ALLOC_COUNT(VM_INITIAL_PAGEIN) |
1173 	    VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_NOBUSY | VM_ALLOC_WIRED);
1174 
1175 	if (error != VM_PAGER_OK)
1176 		return (EIO);
1177 	imgp->firstpage = sf_buf_alloc(m, 0);
1178 	imgp->image_header = sf_buf_kva(imgp->firstpage);
1179 
1180 	return (0);
1181 }
1182 
1183 void
1184 exec_unmap_first_page(struct image_params *imgp)
1185 {
1186 	vm_page_t m;
1187 
1188 	if (imgp->firstpage != NULL) {
1189 		m = sf_buf_page(imgp->firstpage);
1190 		sf_buf_free(imgp->firstpage);
1191 		imgp->firstpage = NULL;
1192 		vm_page_unwire(m, PQ_ACTIVE);
1193 	}
1194 }
1195 
1196 void
1197 exec_onexec_old(struct thread *td)
1198 {
1199 	sigfastblock_clear(td);
1200 	umtx_exec(td->td_proc);
1201 }
1202 
1203 /*
1204  * This is an optimization which removes the unmanaged shared page
1205  * mapping. In combination with pmap_remove_pages(), which cleans all
1206  * managed mappings in the process' vmspace pmap, no work will be left
1207  * for pmap_remove(min, max).
1208  */
1209 void
1210 exec_free_abi_mappings(struct proc *p)
1211 {
1212 	struct vmspace *vmspace;
1213 
1214 	vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
1215 	if (refcount_load(&vmspace->vm_refcnt) != 1)
1216 		return;
1217 
1218 	if (!PROC_HAS_SHP(p))
1219 		return;
1220 
1221 	pmap_remove(vmspace_pmap(vmspace), vmspace->vm_shp_base,
1222 	    vmspace->vm_shp_base + p->p_sysent->sv_shared_page_len);
1223 }
1224 
1225 /*
1226  * Run down the current address space and install a new one.
1227  */
1228 int
1229 exec_new_vmspace(struct image_params *imgp, struct sysentvec *sv)
1230 {
1231 	int error;
1232 	struct proc *p = imgp->proc;
1233 	struct vmspace *vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
1234 	struct thread *td = curthread;
1235 	vm_offset_t sv_minuser;
1236 	vm_map_t map;
1237 
1238 	imgp->vmspace_destroyed = true;
1239 	imgp->sysent = sv;
1240 
1241 	if (p->p_sysent->sv_onexec_old != NULL)
1242 		p->p_sysent->sv_onexec_old(td);
1243 	itimers_exec(p);
1244 
1245 	EVENTHANDLER_DIRECT_INVOKE(process_exec, p, imgp);
1246 
1247 	/*
1248 	 * Blow away entire process VM, if address space not shared,
1249 	 * otherwise, create a new VM space so that other threads are
1250 	 * not disrupted
1251 	 */
1252 	map = &vmspace->vm_map;
1253 	if (map_at_zero)
1254 		sv_minuser = sv->sv_minuser;
1255 	else
1256 		sv_minuser = MAX(sv->sv_minuser, PAGE_SIZE);
1257 	if (refcount_load(&vmspace->vm_refcnt) == 1 &&
1258 	    vm_map_min(map) == sv_minuser &&
1259 	    vm_map_max(map) == sv->sv_maxuser &&
1260 	    cpu_exec_vmspace_reuse(p, map)) {
1261 		exec_free_abi_mappings(p);
1262 		shmexit(vmspace);
1263 		pmap_remove_pages(vmspace_pmap(vmspace));
1264 		vm_map_remove(map, vm_map_min(map), vm_map_max(map));
1265 		/*
1266 		 * An exec terminates mlockall(MCL_FUTURE).
1267 		 * ASLR and W^X states must be re-evaluated.
1268 		 */
1269 		vm_map_lock(map);
1270 		vm_map_modflags(map, 0, MAP_WIREFUTURE | MAP_ASLR |
1271 		    MAP_ASLR_IGNSTART | MAP_ASLR_STACK | MAP_WXORX);
1272 		vm_map_unlock(map);
1273 	} else {
1274 		error = vmspace_exec(p, sv_minuser, sv->sv_maxuser);
1275 		if (error)
1276 			return (error);
1277 		vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
1278 		map = &vmspace->vm_map;
1279 	}
1280 	map->flags |= imgp->map_flags;
1281 
1282 	return (sv->sv_onexec != NULL ? sv->sv_onexec(p, imgp) : 0);
1283 }
1284 
1285 /*
1286  * Compute the stack size limit and map the main process stack.
1287  * Map the shared page.
1288  */
1289 int
1290 exec_map_stack(struct image_params *imgp)
1291 {
1292 	struct rlimit rlim_stack;
1293 	struct sysentvec *sv;
1294 	struct proc *p;
1295 	vm_map_t map;
1296 	struct vmspace *vmspace;
1297 	vm_offset_t stack_addr, stack_top;
1298 	vm_offset_t sharedpage_addr;
1299 	u_long ssiz;
1300 	int error, find_space, stack_off;
1301 	vm_prot_t stack_prot;
1302 	vm_object_t obj;
1303 
1304 	p = imgp->proc;
1305 	sv = p->p_sysent;
1306 
1307 	if (imgp->stack_sz != 0) {
1308 		ssiz = trunc_page(imgp->stack_sz);
1309 		PROC_LOCK(p);
1310 		lim_rlimit_proc(p, RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim_stack);
1311 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
1312 		if (ssiz > rlim_stack.rlim_max)
1313 			ssiz = rlim_stack.rlim_max;
1314 		if (ssiz > rlim_stack.rlim_cur) {
1315 			rlim_stack.rlim_cur = ssiz;
1316 			kern_setrlimit(curthread, RLIMIT_STACK, &rlim_stack);
1317 		}
1318 	} else if (sv->sv_maxssiz != NULL) {
1319 		ssiz = *sv->sv_maxssiz;
1320 	} else {
1321 		ssiz = maxssiz;
1322 	}
1323 
1324 	vmspace = p->p_vmspace;
1325 	map = &vmspace->vm_map;
1326 
1327 	stack_prot = sv->sv_shared_page_obj != NULL && imgp->stack_prot != 0 ?
1328 	    imgp->stack_prot : sv->sv_stackprot;
1329 	if ((map->flags & MAP_ASLR_STACK) != 0) {
1330 		stack_addr = round_page((vm_offset_t)p->p_vmspace->vm_daddr +
1331 		    lim_max(curthread, RLIMIT_DATA));
1332 		find_space = VMFS_ANY_SPACE;
1333 	} else {
1334 		stack_addr = sv->sv_usrstack - ssiz;
1335 		find_space = VMFS_NO_SPACE;
1336 	}
1337 	error = vm_map_find(map, NULL, 0, &stack_addr, (vm_size_t)ssiz,
1338 	    sv->sv_usrstack, find_space, stack_prot, VM_PROT_ALL,
1339 	    MAP_STACK_AREA);
1340 	if (error != KERN_SUCCESS) {
1341 		uprintf("exec_new_vmspace: mapping stack size %#jx prot %#x "
1342 		    "failed, mach error %d errno %d\n", (uintmax_t)ssiz,
1343 		    stack_prot, error, vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1344 		return (vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1345 	}
1346 
1347 	stack_top = stack_addr + ssiz;
1348 	if ((map->flags & MAP_ASLR_STACK) != 0) {
1349 		/* Randomize within the first page of the stack. */
1350 		arc4rand(&stack_off, sizeof(stack_off), 0);
1351 		stack_top -= rounddown2(stack_off & PAGE_MASK, sizeof(void *));
1352 	}
1353 
1354 	/* Map a shared page */
1355 	obj = sv->sv_shared_page_obj;
1356 	if (obj == NULL) {
1357 		sharedpage_addr = 0;
1358 		goto out;
1359 	}
1360 
1361 	/*
1362 	 * If randomization is disabled then the shared page will
1363 	 * be mapped at address specified in sysentvec.
1364 	 * Otherwise any address above .data section can be selected.
1365 	 * Same logic is used for stack address randomization.
1366 	 * If the address randomization is applied map a guard page
1367 	 * at the top of UVA.
1368 	 */
1369 	vm_object_reference(obj);
1370 	if ((imgp->imgp_flags & IMGP_ASLR_SHARED_PAGE) != 0) {
1371 		sharedpage_addr = round_page((vm_offset_t)p->p_vmspace->vm_daddr +
1372 		    lim_max(curthread, RLIMIT_DATA));
1373 
1374 		error = vm_map_fixed(map, NULL, 0,
1375 		    sv->sv_maxuser - PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE,
1376 		    VM_PROT_NONE, VM_PROT_NONE, MAP_CREATE_GUARD);
1377 		if (error != KERN_SUCCESS) {
1378 			/*
1379 			 * This is not fatal, so let's just print a warning
1380 			 * and continue.
1381 			 */
1382 			uprintf("%s: Mapping guard page at the top of UVA failed"
1383 			    " mach error %d errno %d",
1384 			    __func__, error, vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1385 		}
1386 
1387 		error = vm_map_find(map, obj, 0,
1388 		    &sharedpage_addr, sv->sv_shared_page_len,
1389 		    sv->sv_maxuser, VMFS_ANY_SPACE,
1390 		    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
1391 		    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
1392 		    MAP_INHERIT_SHARE | MAP_ACC_NO_CHARGE);
1393 	} else {
1394 		sharedpage_addr = sv->sv_shared_page_base;
1395 		error = vm_map_fixed(map, obj, 0,
1396 		    sharedpage_addr, sv->sv_shared_page_len,
1397 		    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
1398 		    VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
1399 		    MAP_INHERIT_SHARE | MAP_ACC_NO_CHARGE);
1400 	}
1401 	if (error != KERN_SUCCESS) {
1402 		uprintf("%s: mapping shared page at addr: %p"
1403 		    "failed, mach error %d errno %d\n", __func__,
1404 		    (void *)sharedpage_addr, error, vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1405 		vm_object_deallocate(obj);
1406 		return (vm_mmap_to_errno(error));
1407 	}
1408 out:
1409 	/*
1410 	 * vm_ssize and vm_maxsaddr are somewhat antiquated concepts, but they
1411 	 * are still used to enforce the stack rlimit on the process stack.
1412 	 */
1413 	vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (char *)stack_addr;
1414 	vmspace->vm_stacktop = stack_top;
1415 	vmspace->vm_ssize = sgrowsiz >> PAGE_SHIFT;
1416 	vmspace->vm_shp_base = sharedpage_addr;
1417 
1418 	return (0);
1419 }
1420 
1421 /*
1422  * Copy out argument and environment strings from the old process address
1423  * space into the temporary string buffer.
1424  */
1425 int
1426 exec_copyin_args(struct image_args *args, const char *fname,
1427     char **argv, char **envv)
1428 {
1429 	u_long arg, env;
1430 	int error;
1431 
1432 	bzero(args, sizeof(*args));
1433 	if (argv == NULL)
1434 		return (EFAULT);
1435 
1436 	/*
1437 	 * Allocate demand-paged memory for the file name, argument, and
1438 	 * environment strings.
1439 	 */
1440 	error = exec_alloc_args(args);
1441 	if (error != 0)
1442 		return (error);
1443 
1444 	/*
1445 	 * Copy the file name.
1446 	 */
1447 	error = exec_args_add_fname(args, fname, UIO_USERSPACE);
1448 	if (error != 0)
1449 		goto err_exit;
1450 
1451 	/*
1452 	 * extract arguments first
1453 	 */
1454 	for (;;) {
1455 		error = fueword(argv++, &arg);
1456 		if (error == -1) {
1457 			error = EFAULT;
1458 			goto err_exit;
1459 		}
1460 		if (arg == 0)
1461 			break;
1462 		error = exec_args_add_arg(args, (char *)(uintptr_t)arg,
1463 		    UIO_USERSPACE);
1464 		if (error != 0)
1465 			goto err_exit;
1466 	}
1467 
1468 	/*
1469 	 * extract environment strings
1470 	 */
1471 	if (envv) {
1472 		for (;;) {
1473 			error = fueword(envv++, &env);
1474 			if (error == -1) {
1475 				error = EFAULT;
1476 				goto err_exit;
1477 			}
1478 			if (env == 0)
1479 				break;
1480 			error = exec_args_add_env(args,
1481 			    (char *)(uintptr_t)env, UIO_USERSPACE);
1482 			if (error != 0)
1483 				goto err_exit;
1484 		}
1485 	}
1486 
1487 	return (0);
1488 
1489 err_exit:
1490 	exec_free_args(args);
1491 	return (error);
1492 }
1493 
1494 struct exec_args_kva {
1495 	void *addr;
1496 	u_int gen;
1497 	SLIST_ENTRY(exec_args_kva) next;
1498 };
1499 
1500 DPCPU_DEFINE_STATIC(struct exec_args_kva *, exec_args_kva);
1501 
1502 static SLIST_HEAD(, exec_args_kva) exec_args_kva_freelist;
1503 static struct mtx exec_args_kva_mtx;
1504 static u_int exec_args_gen;
1505 
1506 static void
1507 exec_prealloc_args_kva(void *arg __unused)
1508 {
1509 	struct exec_args_kva *argkva;
1510 	u_int i;
1511 
1512 	SLIST_INIT(&exec_args_kva_freelist);
1513 	mtx_init(&exec_args_kva_mtx, "exec args kva", NULL, MTX_DEF);
1514 	for (i = 0; i < exec_map_entries; i++) {
1515 		argkva = malloc(sizeof(*argkva), M_PARGS, M_WAITOK);
1516 		argkva->addr = kmap_alloc_wait(exec_map, exec_map_entry_size,
1517 		    ptoa(exec_map_guard_pages));
1518 		argkva->gen = exec_args_gen;
1519 		SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&exec_args_kva_freelist, argkva, next);
1520 	}
1521 }
1522 SYSINIT(exec_args_kva, SI_SUB_EXEC, SI_ORDER_ANY, exec_prealloc_args_kva, NULL);
1523 
1524 static void *
1525 exec_alloc_args_kva(void **cookie)
1526 {
1527 	struct exec_args_kva *argkva;
1528 
1529 	argkva = (void *)atomic_readandclear_ptr(
1530 	    (uintptr_t *)DPCPU_PTR(exec_args_kva));
1531 	if (argkva == NULL) {
1532 		mtx_lock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1533 		while ((argkva = SLIST_FIRST(&exec_args_kva_freelist)) == NULL)
1534 			(void)mtx_sleep(&exec_args_kva_freelist,
1535 			    &exec_args_kva_mtx, 0, "execkva", 0);
1536 		SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&exec_args_kva_freelist, next);
1537 		mtx_unlock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1538 	}
1539 	kasan_mark(argkva->addr, exec_map_entry_size, exec_map_entry_size, 0);
1540 	*(struct exec_args_kva **)cookie = argkva;
1541 	return (argkva->addr);
1542 }
1543 
1544 static void
1545 exec_release_args_kva(struct exec_args_kva *argkva, u_int gen)
1546 {
1547 	vm_offset_t base;
1548 
1549 	base = (vm_offset_t)argkva->addr;
1550 	kasan_mark(argkva->addr, 0, exec_map_entry_size, KASAN_EXEC_ARGS_FREED);
1551 	if (argkva->gen != gen) {
1552 		(void)vm_map_madvise(exec_map, base, base + exec_map_entry_size,
1553 		    MADV_FREE);
1554 		argkva->gen = gen;
1555 	}
1556 	if (!atomic_cmpset_ptr((uintptr_t *)DPCPU_PTR(exec_args_kva),
1557 	    (uintptr_t)NULL, (uintptr_t)argkva)) {
1558 		mtx_lock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1559 		SLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&exec_args_kva_freelist, argkva, next);
1560 		wakeup_one(&exec_args_kva_freelist);
1561 		mtx_unlock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1562 	}
1563 }
1564 
1565 static void
1566 exec_free_args_kva(void *cookie)
1567 {
1568 
1569 	exec_release_args_kva(cookie, exec_args_gen);
1570 }
1571 
1572 static void
1573 exec_args_kva_lowmem(void *arg __unused, int flags __unused)
1574 {
1575 	SLIST_HEAD(, exec_args_kva) head;
1576 	struct exec_args_kva *argkva;
1577 	u_int gen;
1578 	int i;
1579 
1580 	gen = atomic_fetchadd_int(&exec_args_gen, 1) + 1;
1581 
1582 	/*
1583 	 * Force an madvise of each KVA range. Any currently allocated ranges
1584 	 * will have MADV_FREE applied once they are freed.
1585 	 */
1586 	SLIST_INIT(&head);
1587 	mtx_lock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1588 	SLIST_SWAP(&head, &exec_args_kva_freelist, exec_args_kva);
1589 	mtx_unlock(&exec_args_kva_mtx);
1590 	while ((argkva = SLIST_FIRST(&head)) != NULL) {
1591 		SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&head, next);
1592 		exec_release_args_kva(argkva, gen);
1593 	}
1594 
1595 	CPU_FOREACH(i) {
1596 		argkva = (void *)atomic_readandclear_ptr(
1597 		    (uintptr_t *)DPCPU_ID_PTR(i, exec_args_kva));
1598 		if (argkva != NULL)
1599 			exec_release_args_kva(argkva, gen);
1600 	}
1601 }
1602 EVENTHANDLER_DEFINE(vm_lowmem, exec_args_kva_lowmem, NULL,
1603     EVENTHANDLER_PRI_ANY);
1604 
1605 /*
1606  * Allocate temporary demand-paged, zero-filled memory for the file name,
1607  * argument, and environment strings.
1608  */
1609 int
1610 exec_alloc_args(struct image_args *args)
1611 {
1612 
1613 	args->buf = exec_alloc_args_kva(&args->bufkva);
1614 	return (0);
1615 }
1616 
1617 void
1618 exec_free_args(struct image_args *args)
1619 {
1620 
1621 	if (args->buf != NULL) {
1622 		exec_free_args_kva(args->bufkva);
1623 		args->buf = NULL;
1624 	}
1625 	if (args->fname_buf != NULL) {
1626 		free(args->fname_buf, M_TEMP);
1627 		args->fname_buf = NULL;
1628 	}
1629 }
1630 
1631 /*
1632  * A set to functions to fill struct image args.
1633  *
1634  * NOTE: exec_args_add_fname() must be called (possibly with a NULL
1635  * fname) before the other functions.  All exec_args_add_arg() calls must
1636  * be made before any exec_args_add_env() calls.  exec_args_adjust_args()
1637  * may be called any time after exec_args_add_fname().
1638  *
1639  * exec_args_add_fname() - install path to be executed
1640  * exec_args_add_arg() - append an argument string
1641  * exec_args_add_env() - append an env string
1642  * exec_args_adjust_args() - adjust location of the argument list to
1643  *                           allow new arguments to be prepended
1644  */
1645 int
1646 exec_args_add_fname(struct image_args *args, const char *fname,
1647     enum uio_seg segflg)
1648 {
1649 	int error;
1650 	size_t length;
1651 
1652 	KASSERT(args->fname == NULL, ("fname already appended"));
1653 	KASSERT(args->endp == NULL, ("already appending to args"));
1654 
1655 	if (fname != NULL) {
1656 		args->fname = args->buf;
1657 		error = segflg == UIO_SYSSPACE ?
1658 		    copystr(fname, args->fname, PATH_MAX, &length) :
1659 		    copyinstr(fname, args->fname, PATH_MAX, &length);
1660 		if (error != 0)
1661 			return (error == ENAMETOOLONG ? E2BIG : error);
1662 	} else
1663 		length = 0;
1664 
1665 	/* Set up for _arg_*()/_env_*() */
1666 	args->endp = args->buf + length;
1667 	/* begin_argv must be set and kept updated */
1668 	args->begin_argv = args->endp;
1669 	KASSERT(exec_map_entry_size - length >= ARG_MAX,
1670 	    ("too little space remaining for arguments %zu < %zu",
1671 	    exec_map_entry_size - length, (size_t)ARG_MAX));
1672 	args->stringspace = ARG_MAX;
1673 
1674 	return (0);
1675 }
1676 
1677 static int
1678 exec_args_add_str(struct image_args *args, const char *str,
1679     enum uio_seg segflg, int *countp)
1680 {
1681 	int error;
1682 	size_t length;
1683 
1684 	KASSERT(args->endp != NULL, ("endp not initialized"));
1685 	KASSERT(args->begin_argv != NULL, ("begin_argp not initialized"));
1686 
1687 	error = (segflg == UIO_SYSSPACE) ?
1688 	    copystr(str, args->endp, args->stringspace, &length) :
1689 	    copyinstr(str, args->endp, args->stringspace, &length);
1690 	if (error != 0)
1691 		return (error == ENAMETOOLONG ? E2BIG : error);
1692 	args->stringspace -= length;
1693 	args->endp += length;
1694 	(*countp)++;
1695 
1696 	return (0);
1697 }
1698 
1699 int
1700 exec_args_add_arg(struct image_args *args, const char *argp,
1701     enum uio_seg segflg)
1702 {
1703 
1704 	KASSERT(args->envc == 0, ("appending args after env"));
1705 
1706 	return (exec_args_add_str(args, argp, segflg, &args->argc));
1707 }
1708 
1709 int
1710 exec_args_add_env(struct image_args *args, const char *envp,
1711     enum uio_seg segflg)
1712 {
1713 
1714 	if (args->envc == 0)
1715 		args->begin_envv = args->endp;
1716 
1717 	return (exec_args_add_str(args, envp, segflg, &args->envc));
1718 }
1719 
1720 int
1721 exec_args_adjust_args(struct image_args *args, size_t consume, ssize_t extend)
1722 {
1723 	ssize_t offset;
1724 
1725 	KASSERT(args->endp != NULL, ("endp not initialized"));
1726 	KASSERT(args->begin_argv != NULL, ("begin_argp not initialized"));
1727 
1728 	offset = extend - consume;
1729 	if (args->stringspace < offset)
1730 		return (E2BIG);
1731 	memmove(args->begin_argv + extend, args->begin_argv + consume,
1732 	    args->endp - (args->begin_argv + consume));
1733 	if (args->envc > 0)
1734 		args->begin_envv += offset;
1735 	args->endp += offset;
1736 	args->stringspace -= offset;
1737 	return (0);
1738 }
1739 
1740 char *
1741 exec_args_get_begin_envv(struct image_args *args)
1742 {
1743 
1744 	KASSERT(args->endp != NULL, ("endp not initialized"));
1745 
1746 	if (args->envc > 0)
1747 		return (args->begin_envv);
1748 	return (args->endp);
1749 }
1750 
1751 /*
1752  * Copy strings out to the new process address space, constructing new arg
1753  * and env vector tables. Return a pointer to the base so that it can be used
1754  * as the initial stack pointer.
1755  */
1756 int
1757 exec_copyout_strings(struct image_params *imgp, uintptr_t *stack_base)
1758 {
1759 	int argc, envc;
1760 	char **vectp;
1761 	char *stringp;
1762 	uintptr_t destp, ustringp;
1763 	struct ps_strings *arginfo;
1764 	struct proc *p;
1765 	struct sysentvec *sysent;
1766 	size_t execpath_len;
1767 	int error, szsigcode;
1768 	char canary[sizeof(long) * 8];
1769 
1770 	p = imgp->proc;
1771 	sysent = p->p_sysent;
1772 
1773 	destp =	PROC_PS_STRINGS(p);
1774 	arginfo = imgp->ps_strings = (void *)destp;
1775 
1776 	/*
1777 	 * Install sigcode.
1778 	 */
1779 	if (sysent->sv_shared_page_base == 0 && sysent->sv_szsigcode != NULL) {
1780 		szsigcode = *(sysent->sv_szsigcode);
1781 		destp -= szsigcode;
1782 		destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1783 		error = copyout(sysent->sv_sigcode, (void *)destp, szsigcode);
1784 		if (error != 0)
1785 			return (error);
1786 	}
1787 
1788 	/*
1789 	 * Copy the image path for the rtld.
1790 	 */
1791 	if (imgp->execpath != NULL && imgp->auxargs != NULL) {
1792 		execpath_len = strlen(imgp->execpath) + 1;
1793 		destp -= execpath_len;
1794 		destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1795 		imgp->execpathp = (void *)destp;
1796 		error = copyout(imgp->execpath, imgp->execpathp, execpath_len);
1797 		if (error != 0)
1798 			return (error);
1799 	}
1800 
1801 	/*
1802 	 * Prepare the canary for SSP.
1803 	 */
1804 	arc4rand(canary, sizeof(canary), 0);
1805 	destp -= sizeof(canary);
1806 	imgp->canary = (void *)destp;
1807 	error = copyout(canary, imgp->canary, sizeof(canary));
1808 	if (error != 0)
1809 		return (error);
1810 	imgp->canarylen = sizeof(canary);
1811 
1812 	/*
1813 	 * Prepare the pagesizes array.
1814 	 */
1815 	imgp->pagesizeslen = sizeof(pagesizes[0]) * MAXPAGESIZES;
1816 	destp -= imgp->pagesizeslen;
1817 	destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1818 	imgp->pagesizes = (void *)destp;
1819 	error = copyout(pagesizes, imgp->pagesizes, imgp->pagesizeslen);
1820 	if (error != 0)
1821 		return (error);
1822 
1823 	/*
1824 	 * Allocate room for the argument and environment strings.
1825 	 */
1826 	destp -= ARG_MAX - imgp->args->stringspace;
1827 	destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1828 	ustringp = destp;
1829 
1830 	if (imgp->auxargs) {
1831 		/*
1832 		 * Allocate room on the stack for the ELF auxargs
1833 		 * array.  It has up to AT_COUNT entries.
1834 		 */
1835 		destp -= AT_COUNT * sizeof(Elf_Auxinfo);
1836 		destp = rounddown2(destp, sizeof(void *));
1837 	}
1838 
1839 	vectp = (char **)destp;
1840 
1841 	/*
1842 	 * Allocate room for the argv[] and env vectors including the
1843 	 * terminating NULL pointers.
1844 	 */
1845 	vectp -= imgp->args->argc + 1 + imgp->args->envc + 1;
1846 
1847 	/*
1848 	 * vectp also becomes our initial stack base
1849 	 */
1850 	*stack_base = (uintptr_t)vectp;
1851 
1852 	stringp = imgp->args->begin_argv;
1853 	argc = imgp->args->argc;
1854 	envc = imgp->args->envc;
1855 
1856 	/*
1857 	 * Copy out strings - arguments and environment.
1858 	 */
1859 	error = copyout(stringp, (void *)ustringp,
1860 	    ARG_MAX - imgp->args->stringspace);
1861 	if (error != 0)
1862 		return (error);
1863 
1864 	/*
1865 	 * Fill in "ps_strings" struct for ps, w, etc.
1866 	 */
1867 	imgp->argv = vectp;
1868 	if (suword(&arginfo->ps_argvstr, (long)(intptr_t)vectp) != 0 ||
1869 	    suword32(&arginfo->ps_nargvstr, argc) != 0)
1870 		return (EFAULT);
1871 
1872 	/*
1873 	 * Fill in argument portion of vector table.
1874 	 */
1875 	for (; argc > 0; --argc) {
1876 		if (suword(vectp++, ustringp) != 0)
1877 			return (EFAULT);
1878 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
1879 			ustringp++;
1880 		ustringp++;
1881 	}
1882 
1883 	/* a null vector table pointer separates the argp's from the envp's */
1884 	if (suword(vectp++, 0) != 0)
1885 		return (EFAULT);
1886 
1887 	imgp->envv = vectp;
1888 	if (suword(&arginfo->ps_envstr, (long)(intptr_t)vectp) != 0 ||
1889 	    suword32(&arginfo->ps_nenvstr, envc) != 0)
1890 		return (EFAULT);
1891 
1892 	/*
1893 	 * Fill in environment portion of vector table.
1894 	 */
1895 	for (; envc > 0; --envc) {
1896 		if (suword(vectp++, ustringp) != 0)
1897 			return (EFAULT);
1898 		while (*stringp++ != 0)
1899 			ustringp++;
1900 		ustringp++;
1901 	}
1902 
1903 	/* end of vector table is a null pointer */
1904 	if (suword(vectp, 0) != 0)
1905 		return (EFAULT);
1906 
1907 	if (imgp->auxargs) {
1908 		vectp++;
1909 		error = imgp->sysent->sv_copyout_auxargs(imgp,
1910 		    (uintptr_t)vectp);
1911 		if (error != 0)
1912 			return (error);
1913 	}
1914 
1915 	return (0);
1916 }
1917 
1918 /*
1919  * Check permissions of file to execute.
1920  *	Called with imgp->vp locked.
1921  *	Return 0 for success or error code on failure.
1922  */
1923 int
1924 exec_check_permissions(struct image_params *imgp)
1925 {
1926 	struct vnode *vp = imgp->vp;
1927 	struct vattr *attr = imgp->attr;
1928 	struct thread *td;
1929 	int error;
1930 
1931 	td = curthread;
1932 
1933 	/* Get file attributes */
1934 	error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, attr, td->td_ucred);
1935 	if (error)
1936 		return (error);
1937 
1938 #ifdef MAC
1939 	error = mac_vnode_check_exec(td->td_ucred, imgp->vp, imgp);
1940 	if (error)
1941 		return (error);
1942 #endif
1943 
1944 	/*
1945 	 * 1) Check if file execution is disabled for the filesystem that
1946 	 *    this file resides on.
1947 	 * 2) Ensure that at least one execute bit is on. Otherwise, a
1948 	 *    privileged user will always succeed, and we don't want this
1949 	 *    to happen unless the file really is executable.
1950 	 * 3) Ensure that the file is a regular file.
1951 	 */
1952 	if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) ||
1953 	    (attr->va_mode & (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)) == 0 ||
1954 	    (attr->va_type != VREG))
1955 		return (EACCES);
1956 
1957 	/*
1958 	 * Zero length files can't be exec'd
1959 	 */
1960 	if (attr->va_size == 0)
1961 		return (ENOEXEC);
1962 
1963 	/*
1964 	 *  Check for execute permission to file based on current credentials.
1965 	 */
1966 	error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, td->td_ucred, td);
1967 	if (error)
1968 		return (error);
1969 
1970 	/*
1971 	 * Check number of open-for-writes on the file and deny execution
1972 	 * if there are any.
1973 	 *
1974 	 * Add a text reference now so no one can write to the
1975 	 * executable while we're activating it.
1976 	 *
1977 	 * Remember if this was set before and unset it in case this is not
1978 	 * actually an executable image.
1979 	 */
1980 	error = VOP_SET_TEXT(vp);
1981 	if (error != 0)
1982 		return (error);
1983 	imgp->textset = true;
1984 
1985 	/*
1986 	 * Call filesystem specific open routine (which does nothing in the
1987 	 * general case).
1988 	 */
1989 	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
1990 	if (error == 0)
1991 		imgp->opened = true;
1992 	return (error);
1993 }
1994 
1995 /*
1996  * Exec handler registration
1997  */
1998 int
1999 exec_register(const struct execsw *execsw_arg)
2000 {
2001 	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
2002 	u_int count = 2;	/* New slot and trailing NULL */
2003 
2004 	if (execsw)
2005 		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
2006 			count++;
2007 	newexecsw = malloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
2008 	xs = newexecsw;
2009 	if (execsw)
2010 		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
2011 			*xs++ = *es;
2012 	*xs++ = execsw_arg;
2013 	*xs = NULL;
2014 	if (execsw)
2015 		free(execsw, M_TEMP);
2016 	execsw = newexecsw;
2017 	return (0);
2018 }
2019 
2020 int
2021 exec_unregister(const struct execsw *execsw_arg)
2022 {
2023 	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
2024 	int count = 1;
2025 
2026 	if (execsw == NULL)
2027 		panic("unregister with no handlers left?\n");
2028 
2029 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++) {
2030 		if (*es == execsw_arg)
2031 			break;
2032 	}
2033 	if (*es == NULL)
2034 		return (ENOENT);
2035 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
2036 		if (*es != execsw_arg)
2037 			count++;
2038 	newexecsw = malloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
2039 	xs = newexecsw;
2040 	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
2041 		if (*es != execsw_arg)
2042 			*xs++ = *es;
2043 	*xs = NULL;
2044 	if (execsw)
2045 		free(execsw, M_TEMP);
2046 	execsw = newexecsw;
2047 	return (0);
2048 }
2049 
2050 /*
2051  * Write out a core segment to the compression stream.
2052  */
2053 static int
2054 compress_chunk(struct coredump_params *cp, char *base, char *buf, size_t len)
2055 {
2056 	size_t chunk_len;
2057 	int error;
2058 
2059 	error = 0;
2060 	while (len > 0) {
2061 		chunk_len = MIN(len, CORE_BUF_SIZE);
2062 
2063 		/*
2064 		 * We can get EFAULT error here.
2065 		 * In that case zero out the current chunk of the segment.
2066 		 */
2067 		error = copyin(base, buf, chunk_len);
2068 		if (error != 0)
2069 			bzero(buf, chunk_len);
2070 		error = compressor_write(cp->comp, buf, chunk_len);
2071 		if (error != 0)
2072 			break;
2073 		base += chunk_len;
2074 		len -= chunk_len;
2075 	}
2076 	return (error);
2077 }
2078 
2079 int
2080 core_write(struct coredump_params *cp, const void *base, size_t len,
2081     off_t offset, enum uio_seg seg, size_t *resid)
2082 {
2083 	return ((*cp->cdw->write_fn)(cp->cdw, base, len, offset, seg,
2084 	    cp->active_cred, resid, cp->td));
2085 }
2086 
2087 static int
2088 core_extend(struct coredump_params *cp, off_t newsz)
2089 {
2090 	return ((*cp->cdw->extend_fn)(cp->cdw, newsz, cp->active_cred));
2091 }
2092 
2093 int
2094 core_output(char *base, size_t len, off_t offset, struct coredump_params *cp,
2095     void *tmpbuf)
2096 {
2097 	vm_map_t map;
2098 	size_t resid, runlen;
2099 	int error;
2100 	bool success;
2101 
2102 	KASSERT((uintptr_t)base % PAGE_SIZE == 0,
2103 	    ("%s: user address %p is not page-aligned", __func__, base));
2104 
2105 	if (cp->comp != NULL)
2106 		return (compress_chunk(cp, base, tmpbuf, len));
2107 
2108 	error = 0;
2109 	map = &cp->td->td_proc->p_vmspace->vm_map;
2110 	for (; len > 0; base += runlen, offset += runlen, len -= runlen) {
2111 		/*
2112 		 * Attempt to page in all virtual pages in the range.  If a
2113 		 * virtual page is not backed by the pager, it is represented as
2114 		 * a hole in the file.  This can occur with zero-filled
2115 		 * anonymous memory or truncated files, for example.
2116 		 */
2117 		for (runlen = 0; runlen < len; runlen += PAGE_SIZE) {
2118 			if (core_dump_can_intr && curproc_sigkilled())
2119 				return (EINTR);
2120 			error = vm_fault(map, (uintptr_t)base + runlen,
2121 			    VM_PROT_READ, VM_FAULT_NOFILL, NULL);
2122 			if (runlen == 0)
2123 				success = error == KERN_SUCCESS;
2124 			else if ((error == KERN_SUCCESS) != success)
2125 				break;
2126 		}
2127 
2128 		if (success) {
2129 			error = core_write(cp, base, runlen, offset,
2130 			    UIO_USERSPACE, &resid);
2131 			if (error != 0) {
2132 				if (error != EFAULT)
2133 					break;
2134 
2135 				/*
2136 				 * EFAULT may be returned if the user mapping
2137 				 * could not be accessed, e.g., because a mapped
2138 				 * file has been truncated.  Skip the page if no
2139 				 * progress was made, to protect against a
2140 				 * hypothetical scenario where vm_fault() was
2141 				 * successful but core_write() returns EFAULT
2142 				 * anyway.
2143 				 */
2144 				runlen -= resid;
2145 				if (runlen == 0) {
2146 					success = false;
2147 					runlen = PAGE_SIZE;
2148 				}
2149 			}
2150 		}
2151 		if (!success) {
2152 			error = core_extend(cp, offset + runlen);
2153 			if (error != 0)
2154 				break;
2155 		}
2156 	}
2157 	return (error);
2158 }
2159 
2160 /*
2161  * Drain into a core file.
2162  */
2163 int
2164 sbuf_drain_core_output(void *arg, const char *data, int len)
2165 {
2166 	struct coredump_params *cp;
2167 	struct proc *p;
2168 	int error, locked;
2169 
2170 	cp = arg;
2171 	p = cp->td->td_proc;
2172 
2173 	/*
2174 	 * Some kern_proc out routines that print to this sbuf may
2175 	 * call us with the process lock held. Draining with the
2176 	 * non-sleepable lock held is unsafe. The lock is needed for
2177 	 * those routines when dumping a live process. In our case we
2178 	 * can safely release the lock before draining and acquire
2179 	 * again after.
2180 	 */
2181 	locked = PROC_LOCKED(p);
2182 	if (locked)
2183 		PROC_UNLOCK(p);
2184 	if (cp->comp != NULL)
2185 		error = compressor_write(cp->comp, __DECONST(char *, data),
2186 		    len);
2187 	else
2188 		error = core_write(cp, __DECONST(void *, data), len, cp->offset,
2189 		    UIO_SYSSPACE, NULL);
2190 	if (locked)
2191 		PROC_LOCK(p);
2192 	if (error != 0)
2193 		return (-error);
2194 	cp->offset += len;
2195 	return (len);
2196 }
2197