xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/boot/common/gpt.c (revision 22028508fd28d36ff74dc02c5774a8ba1f0db045)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2010 Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pjd@FreeBSD.org>
3  * All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7  * are met:
8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13  *
14  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
15  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
16  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
17  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
18  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
19  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
20  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
21  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
22  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
23  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
24  * SUCH DAMAGE.
25  */
26 
27 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
28 
29 #include <sys/param.h>
30 #include <sys/gpt.h>
31 
32 #ifndef LITTLE_ENDIAN
33 #error gpt.c works only for little endian architectures
34 #endif
35 
36 #include "zlib.h"
37 #include "drv.h"
38 #include "util.h"
39 #include "gpt.h"
40 
41 #define	MAXTBLENTS	128
42 
43 static struct gpt_hdr hdr_primary, hdr_backup, *gpthdr;
44 static uint64_t hdr_primary_lba, hdr_backup_lba;
45 static struct gpt_ent table_primary[MAXTBLENTS], table_backup[MAXTBLENTS];
46 static struct gpt_ent *gpttable;
47 static int curent, bootonce;
48 
49 /*
50  * Buffer below 64kB passed on gptread(), which can hold at least
51  * one sector of data (512 bytes).
52  */
53 static char *secbuf;
54 
55 static void
gptupdate(const char * which,struct dsk * dskp,struct gpt_hdr * hdr,struct gpt_ent * table)56 gptupdate(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
57     struct gpt_ent *table)
58 {
59 	int entries_per_sec, firstent;
60 	daddr_t slba;
61 
62 	/*
63 	 * We need to update the following for both primary and backup GPT:
64 	 * 1. Sector on disk that contains current partition.
65 	 * 2. Partition table checksum.
66 	 * 3. Header checksum.
67 	 * 4. Header on disk.
68 	 */
69 
70 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
71 	slba = curent / entries_per_sec;
72 	firstent = slba * entries_per_sec;
73 	bcopy(&table[firstent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
74 	slba += hdr->hdr_lba_table;
75 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
76 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
77 		    BOOTPROG, which);
78 		return;
79 	}
80 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
81 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_table, table,
82 	    hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
83 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
84 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, hdr, hdr->hdr_size);
85 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
86 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
87 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1)) {
88 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
89 		return;
90 	}
91 }
92 
93 int
gptfind(const uuid_t * uuid,struct dsk * dskp,int part)94 gptfind(const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp, int part)
95 {
96 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
97 	int firsttry;
98 
99 	if (part >= 0) {
100 		if (part == 0 || part > gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
101 			printf("%s: invalid partition index\n", BOOTPROG);
102 			return (-1);
103 		}
104 		ent = &gpttable[part - 1];
105 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof (uuid_t)) != 0) {
106 			printf("%s: specified partition is not UFS\n",
107 			    BOOTPROG);
108 			return (-1);
109 		}
110 		curent = part - 1;
111 		goto found;
112 	}
113 
114 	firsttry = (curent == -1);
115 	curent++;
116 	if (curent >= gpthdr->hdr_entries) {
117 		curent = gpthdr->hdr_entries;
118 		return (-1);
119 	}
120 	if (bootonce) {
121 		/*
122 		 * First look for partition with both GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME and
123 		 * GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE flags.
124 		 */
125 		for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
126 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
127 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof (uuid_t)) != 0)
128 				continue;
129 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
130 				continue;
131 			if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
132 				continue;
133 			/* Ok, found one. */
134 			goto found;
135 		}
136 		bootonce = 0;
137 		curent = 0;
138 	}
139 	for (; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
140 		ent = &gpttable[curent];
141 		if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof (uuid_t)) != 0)
142 			continue;
143 		if (!(ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME))
144 			continue;
145 		if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE)
146 			continue;
147 		/* Ok, found one. */
148 		goto found;
149 	}
150 	if (firsttry) {
151 		/*
152 		 * No partition with BOOTME flag was found, try to boot from
153 		 * first UFS partition.
154 		 */
155 		for (curent = 0; curent < gpthdr->hdr_entries; curent++) {
156 			ent = &gpttable[curent];
157 			if (bcmp(&ent->ent_type, uuid, sizeof (uuid_t)) != 0)
158 				continue;
159 			/* Ok, found one. */
160 			goto found;
161 		}
162 	}
163 	return (-1);
164 found:
165 	dskp->part = curent + 1;
166 	ent = &gpttable[curent];
167 	dskp->start = ent->ent_lba_start;
168 	if (ent->ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
169 		/*
170 		 * Clear BOOTME, but leave BOOTONCE set before trying to
171 		 * boot from this partition.
172 		 */
173 		if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
174 			table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
175 			gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
176 		}
177 		if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
178 			table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME;
179 			gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
180 		}
181 	}
182 	return (0);
183 }
184 
185 static int
gptread_hdr(const char * which,struct dsk * dskp,struct gpt_hdr * hdr,uint64_t hdrlba)186 gptread_hdr(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
187     uint64_t hdrlba)
188 {
189 	uint32_t crc;
190 
191 	if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, hdrlba, 1)) {
192 		printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
193 		return (-1);
194 	}
195 	bcopy(secbuf, hdr, sizeof (*hdr));
196 	if (bcmp(hdr->hdr_sig, GPT_HDR_SIG, sizeof (hdr->hdr_sig)) != 0 ||
197 	    hdr->hdr_lba_self != hdrlba || hdr->hdr_revision < 0x00010000 ||
198 	    hdr->hdr_entsz < sizeof (struct gpt_ent) ||
199 	    hdr->hdr_entries > MAXTBLENTS || DEV_BSIZE % hdr->hdr_entsz != 0) {
200 		printf("%s: invalid %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
201 		return (-1);
202 	}
203 	crc = hdr->hdr_crc_self;
204 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
205 	if (crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, hdr, hdr->hdr_size) != crc) {
206 		printf("%s: %s GPT header checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG,
207 		    which);
208 		return (-1);
209 	}
210 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc;
211 	return (0);
212 }
213 
214 void
gptbootfailed(struct dsk * dskp)215 gptbootfailed(struct dsk *dskp)
216 {
217 
218 	if (!(gpttable[curent].ent_attr & GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE))
219 		return;
220 
221 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
222 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
223 		table_primary[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
224 		gptupdate("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
225 	}
226 	if (hdr_backup_lba > 0) {
227 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
228 		table_backup[curent].ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
229 		gptupdate("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
230 	}
231 }
232 
233 static void
gptbootconv(const char * which,struct dsk * dskp,struct gpt_hdr * hdr,struct gpt_ent * table)234 gptbootconv(const char *which, struct dsk *dskp, struct gpt_hdr *hdr,
235     struct gpt_ent *table)
236 {
237 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
238 	daddr_t slba;
239 	int table_updated, sector_updated;
240 	int entries_per_sec, nent, part;
241 
242 	table_updated = 0;
243 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
244 	for (nent = 0, slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
245 	    slba < hdr->hdr_lba_table + hdr->hdr_entries / entries_per_sec;
246 	    slba++, nent += entries_per_sec) {
247 		sector_updated = 0;
248 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++) {
249 			ent = &table[nent + part];
250 			if ((ent->ent_attr & (GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTME |
251 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE |
252 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED)) !=
253 			    GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE) {
254 				continue;
255 			}
256 			ent->ent_attr &= ~GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTONCE;
257 			ent->ent_attr |= GPT_ENT_ATTR_BOOTFAILED;
258 			table_updated = 1;
259 			sector_updated = 1;
260 		}
261 		if (!sector_updated)
262 			continue;
263 		bcopy(&table[nent], secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
264 		if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
265 			printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT partition table\n",
266 			    BOOTPROG, which);
267 		}
268 	}
269 	if (!table_updated)
270 		return;
271 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
272 	hdr->hdr_crc_table = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_table, table,
273 	    hdr->hdr_entries * hdr->hdr_entsz);
274 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(0, Z_NULL, 0);
275 	hdr->hdr_crc_self = crc32(hdr->hdr_crc_self, hdr, hdr->hdr_size);
276 	bzero(secbuf, DEV_BSIZE);
277 	bcopy(hdr, secbuf, hdr->hdr_size);
278 	if (drvwrite(dskp, secbuf, hdr->hdr_lba_self, 1))
279 		printf("%s: unable to update %s GPT header\n", BOOTPROG, which);
280 }
281 
282 static int
gptread_table(const char * which,const uuid_t * uuid,struct dsk * dskp,struct gpt_hdr * hdr,struct gpt_ent * table)283 gptread_table(const char *which, const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp,
284     struct gpt_hdr *hdr, struct gpt_ent *table)
285 {
286 	struct gpt_ent *ent;
287 	int entries_per_sec;
288 	int part, nent;
289 	daddr_t slba;
290 
291 	if (hdr->hdr_entries == 0)
292 		return (0);
293 
294 	entries_per_sec = DEV_BSIZE / hdr->hdr_entsz;
295 	slba = hdr->hdr_lba_table;
296 	nent = 0;
297 	for (;;) {
298 		if (drvread(dskp, secbuf, slba, 1)) {
299 			printf("%s: unable to read %s GPT partition table\n",
300 			    BOOTPROG, which);
301 			return (-1);
302 		}
303 		ent = (struct gpt_ent *)secbuf;
304 		for (part = 0; part < entries_per_sec; part++, ent++) {
305 			bcopy(ent, &table[nent], sizeof (table[nent]));
306 			if (++nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
307 				break;
308 		}
309 		if (nent >= hdr->hdr_entries)
310 			break;
311 		slba++;
312 	}
313 	if (crc32(0, table, nent * hdr->hdr_entsz) != hdr->hdr_crc_table) {
314 		printf("%s: %s GPT table checksum mismatch\n", BOOTPROG, which);
315 		return (-1);
316 	}
317 	return (0);
318 }
319 
320 int
gptread(const uuid_t * uuid,struct dsk * dskp,char * buf)321 gptread(const uuid_t *uuid, struct dsk *dskp, char *buf)
322 {
323 	uint64_t altlba;
324 
325 	/*
326 	 * Read and verify both GPT headers: primary and backup.
327 	 */
328 
329 	secbuf = buf;
330 	hdr_primary_lba = hdr_backup_lba = 0;
331 	curent = -1;
332 	bootonce = 1;
333 	dskp->start = 0;
334 
335 	if (gptread_hdr("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, 1) == 0 &&
336 	    gptread_table("primary", uuid, dskp, &hdr_primary,
337 	    table_primary) == 0) {
338 		hdr_primary_lba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_self;
339 		gpthdr = &hdr_primary;
340 		gpttable = table_primary;
341 	}
342 
343 	if (hdr_primary_lba > 0) {
344 		/*
345 		 * If primary header is valid, we can get backup
346 		 * header location from there.
347 		 */
348 		altlba = hdr_primary.hdr_lba_alt;
349 	} else {
350 		altlba = drvsize(dskp);
351 		if (altlba > 0)
352 			altlba--;
353 	}
354 	if (altlba == 0)
355 		printf("%s: unable to locate backup GPT header\n", BOOTPROG);
356 	else if (gptread_hdr("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, altlba) == 0 &&
357 	    gptread_table("backup", uuid, dskp, &hdr_backup,
358 	    table_backup) == 0) {
359 		hdr_backup_lba = hdr_backup.hdr_lba_self;
360 		if (hdr_primary_lba == 0) {
361 			gpthdr = &hdr_backup;
362 			gpttable = table_backup;
363 			printf("%s: using backup GPT\n", BOOTPROG);
364 		}
365 	}
366 
367 	/*
368 	 * Convert all BOOTONCE without BOOTME flags into BOOTFAILED.
369 	 * BOOTONCE without BOOTME means that we tried to boot from it,
370 	 * but failed after leaving gptboot and machine was rebooted.
371 	 * We don't want to leave partitions marked as BOOTONCE only,
372 	 * because when we boot successfully start-up scripts should
373 	 * find at most one partition with only BOOTONCE flag and this
374 	 * will mean that we booted from that partition.
375 	 */
376 	if (hdr_primary_lba != 0)
377 		gptbootconv("primary", dskp, &hdr_primary, table_primary);
378 	if (hdr_backup_lba != 0)
379 		gptbootconv("backup", dskp, &hdr_backup, table_backup);
380 
381 	if (hdr_primary_lba == 0 && hdr_backup_lba == 0)
382 		return (-1);
383 	return (0);
384 }
385