xref: /freebsd/contrib/capsicum-test/openat.cc (revision 8cf5812af4b7f4933983822ff8e1e9185818fbef)
1 #include <sys/types.h>
2 #include <sys/stat.h>
3 #include <fcntl.h>
4 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
5 
6 #include <string>
7 
8 #include "capsicum.h"
9 #include "capsicum-test.h"
10 #include "syscalls.h"
11 
12 // Check an open call works and close the resulting fd.
13 #define EXPECT_OPEN_OK(f) do { \
14     SCOPED_TRACE(#f);          \
15     int _fd = f;               \
16     EXPECT_OK(_fd);            \
17     close(_fd);                \
18   } while (0)
19 
CreateFile(const char * filename,const char * contents)20 static void CreateFile(const char *filename, const char *contents) {
21   int fd = open(filename, O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0644);
22   EXPECT_OK(fd);
23   EXPECT_OK(write(fd, contents, strlen(contents)));
24   close(fd);
25 }
26 
27 // Test openat(2) in a variety of sitations to ensure that it obeys Capsicum
28 // "strict relative" rules:
29 //
30 // 1. Use strict relative lookups in capability mode or when operating
31 //    relative to a capability.
32 // 2. When performing strict relative lookups, absolute paths (including
33 //    symlinks to absolute paths) are not allowed, nor are paths containing
34 //    '..' components.
35 //
36 // These rules apply when:
37 //  - the directory FD is a Capsicum capability
38 //  - the process is in capability mode
39 //  - the openat(2) operation includes the O_BENEATH flag.
FORK_TEST(Openat,Relative)40 FORK_TEST(Openat, Relative) {
41   int etc = open("/etc/", O_RDONLY);
42   EXPECT_OK(etc);
43 
44   cap_rights_t r_base;
45   cap_rights_init(&r_base, CAP_READ, CAP_WRITE, CAP_SEEK, CAP_LOOKUP, CAP_FCNTL, CAP_IOCTL);
46   cap_rights_t r_ro;
47   cap_rights_init(&r_ro, CAP_READ);
48   cap_rights_t r_rl;
49   cap_rights_init(&r_rl, CAP_READ, CAP_LOOKUP);
50 
51   int etc_cap = dup(etc);
52   EXPECT_OK(etc_cap);
53   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_limit(etc_cap, &r_ro));
54   int etc_cap_ro = dup(etc);
55   EXPECT_OK(etc_cap_ro);
56   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_limit(etc_cap_ro, &r_rl));
57   int etc_cap_base = dup(etc);
58   EXPECT_OK(etc_cap_base);
59   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_limit(etc_cap_base, &r_base));
60 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_FCNTLS_LIMIT
61   // Also limit fcntl(2) subrights.
62   EXPECT_OK(cap_fcntls_limit(etc_cap_base, CAP_FCNTL_GETFL));
63 #endif
64 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_IOCTLS_LIMIT
65   // Also limit ioctl(2) subrights.
66   cap_ioctl_t ioctl_nread = FIONREAD;
67   EXPECT_OK(cap_ioctls_limit(etc_cap_base, &ioctl_nread, 1));
68 #endif
69 
70   // openat(2) with regular file descriptors in non-capability mode
71   // Should Just Work (tm).
72   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
73   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
74   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
75   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc, "../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
76 
77   // Lookups relative to capabilities should be strictly relative.
78   // When not in capability mode, we don't actually require CAP_LOOKUP.
79   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc_cap_ro, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
80   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc_cap_base, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
81 
82   // Performing openat(2) on a path with leading slash ignores
83   // the provided directory FD.
84   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc_cap_ro, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
85   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc_cap_base, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
86   // Relative lookups that go upward are not allowed.
87   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc_cap_ro, "../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
88   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc_cap_base, "../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
89 
90   // A file opened relative to a capability should itself be a capability.
91   int fd = openat(etc_cap_base, "passwd", O_RDONLY);
92   EXPECT_OK(fd);
93   cap_rights_t rights;
94   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_get(fd, &rights));
95   EXPECT_RIGHTS_IN(&rights, &r_base);
96 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_FCNTLS_LIMIT
97   cap_fcntl_t fcntls;
98   EXPECT_OK(cap_fcntls_get(fd, &fcntls));
99   EXPECT_EQ((cap_fcntl_t)CAP_FCNTL_GETFL, fcntls);
100 #endif
101 #ifdef HAVE_CAP_IOCTLS_LIMIT
102   cap_ioctl_t ioctls[16];
103   ssize_t nioctls;
104   memset(ioctls, 0, sizeof(ioctls));
105   nioctls = cap_ioctls_get(fd, ioctls, 16);
106   EXPECT_OK(nioctls);
107   EXPECT_EQ(1, nioctls);
108   EXPECT_EQ((cap_ioctl_t)FIONREAD, ioctls[0]);
109 #endif
110   close(fd);
111 
112   // Enter capability mode; now ALL lookups are strictly relative.
113   EXPECT_OK(cap_enter());
114 
115   // Relative lookups on regular files or capabilities with CAP_LOOKUP
116   // ought to succeed.
117   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
118   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc_cap_ro, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
119   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(etc_cap_base, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
120 
121   // Lookup relative to capabilities without CAP_LOOKUP should fail.
122   EXPECT_NOTCAPABLE(openat(etc_cap, "passwd", O_RDONLY));
123 
124   // Absolute lookups should fail.
125   EXPECT_CAPMODE(openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
126   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
127   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc_cap_ro, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
128 
129   // Lookups containing '..' should fail in capability mode.
130   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc, "../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
131   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc_cap_ro, "../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
132   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(etc_cap_base, "../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
133 
134   fd = openat(etc, "passwd", O_RDONLY);
135   EXPECT_OK(fd);
136 
137   // A file opened relative to a capability should itself be a capability.
138   fd = openat(etc_cap_base, "passwd", O_RDONLY);
139   EXPECT_OK(fd);
140   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_get(fd, &rights));
141   EXPECT_RIGHTS_IN(&rights, &r_base);
142   close(fd);
143 
144   fd = openat(etc_cap_ro, "passwd", O_RDONLY);
145   EXPECT_OK(fd);
146   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_get(fd, &rights));
147   EXPECT_RIGHTS_IN(&rights, &r_rl);
148   close(fd);
149 }
150 
151 #define TOPDIR "cap_topdir"
152 #define SUBDIR TOPDIR "/subdir"
153 class OpenatTest : public ::testing::Test {
154  public:
155   // Build a collection of files, subdirs and symlinks:
156   //  /tmp/cap_topdir/
157   //                 /topfile
158   //                 /subdir/
159   //                 /subdir/bottomfile
160   //                 /symlink.samedir              -> topfile
161   //                 /dsymlink.samedir             -> ./
162   //                 /symlink.down                 -> subdir/bottomfile
163   //                 /dsymlink.down                -> subdir/
164   //                 /symlink.absolute_out         -> /etc/passwd
165   //                 /dsymlink.absolute_out        -> /etc/
166   //                 /symlink.relative_in          -> ../../tmp/cap_topdir/topfile
167   //                 /dsymlink.relative_in         -> ../../tmp/cap_topdir/
168   //                 /symlink.relative_out         -> ../../etc/passwd
169   //                 /dsymlink.relative_out        -> ../../etc/
170   //                 /subdir/dsymlink.absolute_in  -> /tmp/cap_topdir/
171   //                 /subdir/dsymlink.up           -> ../
172   //                 /subdir/symlink.absolute_in   -> /tmp/cap_topdir/topfile
173   //                 /subdir/symlink.up            -> ../topfile
174   // (In practice, this is a little more complicated because tmpdir might
175   // not be "/tmp".)
OpenatTest()176   OpenatTest() {
177     // Create a couple of nested directories
178     int rc = mkdir(TmpFile(TOPDIR), 0755);
179     EXPECT_OK(rc);
180     if (rc < 0) {
181       EXPECT_EQ(EEXIST, errno);
182     }
183     rc = mkdir(TmpFile(SUBDIR), 0755);
184     EXPECT_OK(rc);
185     if (rc < 0) {
186       EXPECT_EQ(EEXIST, errno);
187     }
188 
189     // Figure out a path prefix (like "../..") that gets us to the root
190     // directory from TmpFile(TOPDIR).
191     const char *p = TmpFile(TOPDIR);  // maybe "/tmp/somewhere/cap_topdir"
192     std::string dots2root = "..";
193     while (*p++ != '\0') {
194       if (*p == '/') {
195         dots2root += "/..";
196       }
197     }
198 
199     // Create normal files in each.
200     CreateFile(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/topfile"), "Top-level file");
201     CreateFile(TmpFile(SUBDIR "/bottomfile"), "File in subdirectory");
202 
203     // Create various symlinks to files.
204     EXPECT_OK(symlink("topfile", TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.samedir")));
205     EXPECT_OK(symlink("subdir/bottomfile", TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.down")));
206     EXPECT_OK(symlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/topfile"), TmpFile(SUBDIR "/symlink.absolute_in")));
207     EXPECT_OK(symlink("/etc/passwd", TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.absolute_out")));
208     std::string dots2top = dots2root + TmpFile(TOPDIR "/topfile");
209     EXPECT_OK(symlink(dots2top.c_str(), TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.relative_in")));
210     std::string dots2passwd = dots2root + "/etc/passwd";
211     EXPECT_OK(symlink(dots2passwd.c_str(), TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.relative_out")));
212     EXPECT_OK(symlink("../topfile", TmpFile(SUBDIR "/symlink.up")));
213 
214     // Create various symlinks to directories.
215     EXPECT_OK(symlink("./", TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.samedir")));
216     EXPECT_OK(symlink("subdir/", TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.down")));
217     EXPECT_OK(symlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/"), TmpFile(SUBDIR "/dsymlink.absolute_in")));
218     EXPECT_OK(symlink("/etc/", TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.absolute_out")));
219     std::string dots2cwd = dots2root + tmpdir + "/";
220     EXPECT_OK(symlink(dots2cwd.c_str(), TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.relative_in")));
221     std::string dots2etc = dots2root + "/etc/";
222     EXPECT_OK(symlink(dots2etc.c_str(), TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.relative_out")));
223     EXPECT_OK(symlink("../", TmpFile(SUBDIR "/dsymlink.up")));
224 
225     // Open directory FDs for those directories and for cwd.
226     dir_fd_ = open(TmpFile(TOPDIR), O_RDONLY);
227     EXPECT_OK(dir_fd_);
228     sub_fd_ = open(TmpFile(SUBDIR), O_RDONLY);
229     EXPECT_OK(sub_fd_);
230     cwd_ = openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY);
231     EXPECT_OK(cwd_);
232     // Move into the directory for the test.
233     EXPECT_OK(fchdir(dir_fd_));
234   }
~OpenatTest()235   ~OpenatTest() {
236     fchdir(cwd_);
237     close(cwd_);
238     close(sub_fd_);
239     close(dir_fd_);
240     unlink(TmpFile(SUBDIR "/symlink.up"));
241     unlink(TmpFile(SUBDIR "/symlink.absolute_in"));
242     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.absolute_out"));
243     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.relative_in"));
244     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.relative_out"));
245     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.down"));
246     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/symlink.samedir"));
247     unlink(TmpFile(SUBDIR "/dsymlink.up"));
248     unlink(TmpFile(SUBDIR "/dsymlink.absolute_in"));
249     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.absolute_out"));
250     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.relative_in"));
251     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.relative_out"));
252     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.down"));
253     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/dsymlink.samedir"));
254     unlink(TmpFile(SUBDIR "/bottomfile"));
255     unlink(TmpFile(TOPDIR "/topfile"));
256     rmdir(TmpFile(SUBDIR));
257     rmdir(TmpFile(TOPDIR));
258   }
259 
260   // Check openat(2) policing that is common across capabilities, capability mode and O_BENEATH.
CheckPolicing(int oflag)261   void CheckPolicing(int oflag) {
262     // OK for normal access.
263     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag));
264     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "subdir/bottomfile", O_RDONLY|oflag));
265     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(sub_fd_, "bottomfile", O_RDONLY|oflag));
266     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(sub_fd_, ".", O_RDONLY|oflag));
267 
268     // Can't open paths with ".." in them.
269     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "../topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag);
270     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "../subdir/bottomfile", O_RDONLY|oflag);
271     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "..", O_RDONLY|oflag);
272 
273 #ifdef HAVE_OPENAT_INTERMEDIATE_DOTDOT
274     // OK for dotdot lookups that don't escape the top directory
275     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "subdir/../topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag));
276 #endif
277 
278     // Check that we can't escape the top directory by the cunning
279     // ruse of going via a subdirectory.
280     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "subdir/../../etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|oflag);
281 
282     // Should only be able to open symlinks that stay within the directory.
283     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.samedir", O_RDONLY|oflag));
284     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.down", O_RDONLY|oflag));
285     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "symlink.absolute_out", O_RDONLY|oflag);
286     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "symlink.relative_in", O_RDONLY|oflag);
287     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "symlink.relative_out", O_RDONLY|oflag);
288     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "symlink.absolute_in", O_RDONLY|oflag);
289     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "symlink.up", O_RDONLY|oflag);
290 
291     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "dsymlink.samedir/topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag));
292     EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "dsymlink.down/bottomfile", O_RDONLY|oflag));
293     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "dsymlink.absolute_out/passwd", O_RDONLY|oflag);
294     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "dsymlink.relative_in/topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag);
295     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "dsymlink.relative_out/passwd", O_RDONLY|oflag);
296     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "dsymlink.absolute_in/topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag);
297     EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "dsymlink.up/topfile", O_RDONLY|oflag);
298 
299     // Although recall that O_NOFOLLOW prevents symlink following in final component.
300     EXPECT_SYSCALL_FAIL(E_TOO_MANY_LINKS, openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.samedir", O_RDONLY|O_NOFOLLOW|oflag));
301     EXPECT_SYSCALL_FAIL(E_TOO_MANY_LINKS, openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.down", O_RDONLY|O_NOFOLLOW|oflag));
302   }
303 
304  protected:
305   int dir_fd_;
306   int sub_fd_;
307   int cwd_;
308 };
309 
TEST_F(OpenatTest,WithCapability)310 TEST_F(OpenatTest, WithCapability) {
311   // Any kind of symlink can be opened relative to an ordinary directory FD.
312   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.samedir", O_RDONLY));
313   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.down", O_RDONLY));
314   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.absolute_out", O_RDONLY));
315   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.relative_in", O_RDONLY));
316   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(dir_fd_, "symlink.relative_out", O_RDONLY));
317   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(sub_fd_, "symlink.absolute_in", O_RDONLY));
318   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(sub_fd_, "symlink.up", O_RDONLY));
319 
320   // Now make both DFDs into Capsicum capabilities.
321   cap_rights_t r_rl;
322   cap_rights_init(&r_rl, CAP_READ, CAP_LOOKUP, CAP_FCHDIR);
323   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_limit(dir_fd_, &r_rl));
324   EXPECT_OK(cap_rights_limit(sub_fd_, &r_rl));
325   CheckPolicing(0);
326   // Use of AT_FDCWD is independent of use of a capability.
327   // Can open paths starting with "/" against a capability dfd, because the dfd is ignored.
328 }
329 
FORK_TEST_F(OpenatTest,InCapabilityMode)330 FORK_TEST_F(OpenatTest, InCapabilityMode) {
331   EXPECT_OK(cap_enter());  // Enter capability mode
332   CheckPolicing(0);
333 
334   // Use of AT_FDCWD is banned in capability mode.
335   EXPECT_CAPMODE(openat(AT_FDCWD, "topfile", O_RDONLY));
336   EXPECT_CAPMODE(openat(AT_FDCWD, "subdir/bottomfile", O_RDONLY));
337   EXPECT_CAPMODE(openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY));
338 
339   // Can't open paths starting with "/" in capability mode.
340   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
341   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY);
342 }
343 
344 #if !defined(O_RESOLVE_BENEATH) && defined(O_BENEATH)
345 #define O_RESOLVE_BENEATH O_BENEATH
346 #endif
347 
348 #ifdef O_RESOLVE_BENEATH
TEST_F(OpenatTest,WithFlag)349 TEST_F(OpenatTest, WithFlag) {
350   CheckPolicing(O_RESOLVE_BENEATH);
351 
352   // Check with AT_FDCWD.
353   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(AT_FDCWD, "topfile", O_RDONLY|O_RESOLVE_BENEATH));
354   EXPECT_OPEN_OK(openat(AT_FDCWD, "subdir/bottomfile", O_RDONLY|O_RESOLVE_BENEATH));
355 
356   // Can't open paths starting with "/" with O_RESOLVE_BENEATH specified.
357   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|O_RESOLVE_BENEATH);
358   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(dir_fd_, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|O_RESOLVE_BENEATH);
359   EXPECT_OPENAT_FAIL_TRAVERSAL(sub_fd_, "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY|O_RESOLVE_BENEATH);
360 }
361 
FORK_TEST_F(OpenatTest,WithFlagInCapabilityMode)362 FORK_TEST_F(OpenatTest, WithFlagInCapabilityMode) {
363   EXPECT_OK(cap_enter());  // Enter capability mode
364   CheckPolicing(O_RESOLVE_BENEATH);
365 }
366 #endif
367